Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2167193
A. Khoshakhlagh, Masoud Askari Majdabadi, Saeid Yazdanirad, L. Carlsen
Abstract This study aimed to assess the possible non-cancer and cancer risks associated with BTEX in a composite manufacturing plant for the first time. Air samples of BTEX were gathered from the breathing zone of participants based on the method of NIOSH 1501 using an adsorbent tube containing activated coconut charcoal and a pump at the recommended flow rate between 50 and 200 milliliters per min. After the preparation, the samples were analyzed using GC mass spectrometry. To evaluate the non-cancer and cancer risks of the pollutants, the method proposed by the United States environmental protection agency (USEPA) was applied. The mean concentrations of BTEX were found lower than the threshold limit values (TLV). The non-carcinogenic risk values of benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were found to be 46.00, 6.96, and 22.4 times, respectively, higher than the threshold levels set by the US EPA. Whereas the risk of toluene was lower than the acceptable limit. Moreover, the results point to a specific risk of cancer for the workers exposed to benzene and ethylbenzene in this industry, indicating a potential for 1.66 and 1.91 additional cases per 100 workers exposed to benzene and ethylbenzene, respectively.
{"title":"Health risk assessment of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in a composite manufacturing plant: Monte-Carlo simulations","authors":"A. Khoshakhlagh, Masoud Askari Majdabadi, Saeid Yazdanirad, L. Carlsen","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2167193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2167193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to assess the possible non-cancer and cancer risks associated with BTEX in a composite manufacturing plant for the first time. Air samples of BTEX were gathered from the breathing zone of participants based on the method of NIOSH 1501 using an adsorbent tube containing activated coconut charcoal and a pump at the recommended flow rate between 50 and 200 milliliters per min. After the preparation, the samples were analyzed using GC mass spectrometry. To evaluate the non-cancer and cancer risks of the pollutants, the method proposed by the United States environmental protection agency (USEPA) was applied. The mean concentrations of BTEX were found lower than the threshold limit values (TLV). The non-carcinogenic risk values of benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were found to be 46.00, 6.96, and 22.4 times, respectively, higher than the threshold levels set by the US EPA. Whereas the risk of toluene was lower than the acceptable limit. Moreover, the results point to a specific risk of cancer for the workers exposed to benzene and ethylbenzene in this industry, indicating a potential for 1.66 and 1.91 additional cases per 100 workers exposed to benzene and ethylbenzene, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"728 - 742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82438008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2160964
Jiangang Liang, Lunhua Liu, Lei Liu, Shenmin Zhang, Fan Luo, Zeyou Xiao, Wenjuan Jiang
Abstract Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in rural areas all over the world. Twenty-one water quality parameters of fifteen drinking wells were studied in a rural area of Ganzhou (South China). The groundwater is dominated by Ca·Mg-HCO3 type, and the Water Quality Index (WQI) ranges from 12.1 to 283.1. The concentrations of groundwater solutes are generally very low, except for Na+, Al, Fe, Mn, and arsenic (As) are up to 232.0, 3.22, 1.25, 0.013 mg/L, respectively, which exceeding the drinking standards at several wells. The relatively high As content in groundwater might cause a mean Carcinogenic Risk (CR = 2.08 × 10−4) to the local people. The mathematical model predicted that the rare earth mining activities would cause a NH4 + pollution (concentrations up to 69.9 mg/L) transported at a speed of 200 m per year in the groundwater, resulting in a maximum increase in WQI of 418.9 and 533.2, and in Hazard Quotient (HQ) of 1.04 and 1.32 for the children, at the drinking wells located 1059 m and 6344 m downstream the mining area, respectively. This study is a warning to the local policymakers about the development of green mining technology and effective monitoring and emergency plans for drinking groundwater.
{"title":"Prediction of rare earth mining activity impact on drinking groundwater quality in a rural area of Ganzhou, South China","authors":"Jiangang Liang, Lunhua Liu, Lei Liu, Shenmin Zhang, Fan Luo, Zeyou Xiao, Wenjuan Jiang","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2160964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2160964","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in rural areas all over the world. Twenty-one water quality parameters of fifteen drinking wells were studied in a rural area of Ganzhou (South China). The groundwater is dominated by Ca·Mg-HCO3 type, and the Water Quality Index (WQI) ranges from 12.1 to 283.1. The concentrations of groundwater solutes are generally very low, except for Na+, Al, Fe, Mn, and arsenic (As) are up to 232.0, 3.22, 1.25, 0.013 mg/L, respectively, which exceeding the drinking standards at several wells. The relatively high As content in groundwater might cause a mean Carcinogenic Risk (CR = 2.08 × 10−4) to the local people. The mathematical model predicted that the rare earth mining activities would cause a NH4 + pollution (concentrations up to 69.9 mg/L) transported at a speed of 200 m per year in the groundwater, resulting in a maximum increase in WQI of 418.9 and 533.2, and in Hazard Quotient (HQ) of 1.04 and 1.32 for the children, at the drinking wells located 1059 m and 6344 m downstream the mining area, respectively. This study is a warning to the local policymakers about the development of green mining technology and effective monitoring and emergency plans for drinking groundwater.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"679 - 700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91288031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater were assessed based on 64 shallow groundwater samples collected in the Guanzhong Basin, China, and the health risk of nitrate (NO3 -) in drinking water was assessed. In addition, the spatial distributions of major water quality indicators were investigated, while bivariate plots, saturation index, and stable isotopes were used to reveal the processes controlling groundwater hydrogeochemistry. The results showed that groundwater in the study area was mostly fresh water. However, the maximum and average NO3 – concentrations were 397.0 and 92.9 mg/L, respectively, indicating serious groundwater NO3 – pollution. The percolation of contaminated river water exhibited considerable impacts on groundwater quality. Carbonate dissolution was the major process controlling the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater, while human activities were responsible for the high concentrations of groundwater pollutants, especially NO3 –. Evaporation fraction of groundwater in the study area revealed by stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes ranged from 4 to 13% and 4 to 11%, respectively. High non-carcinogenic health risks of NO3 – to adults and children were observed in about 46.88 and 75% of the collected groundwater samples, respectively. The risk value ranges were 0-6.00 and 0-14.06, with average values of 1.36 and 3.19, for adults and children, respectively.
{"title":"Major ion hydrogeochemistry and health risk of groundwater nitrate in selected rural areas of the Guanzhong Basin, China","authors":"Duoxun Xu, Peiyue Li, Xin Chen, Shengfei Yang, Peiren Zhang, Fabin Guo","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2164246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2164246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater were assessed based on 64 shallow groundwater samples collected in the Guanzhong Basin, China, and the health risk of nitrate (NO3 -) in drinking water was assessed. In addition, the spatial distributions of major water quality indicators were investigated, while bivariate plots, saturation index, and stable isotopes were used to reveal the processes controlling groundwater hydrogeochemistry. The results showed that groundwater in the study area was mostly fresh water. However, the maximum and average NO3 – concentrations were 397.0 and 92.9 mg/L, respectively, indicating serious groundwater NO3 – pollution. The percolation of contaminated river water exhibited considerable impacts on groundwater quality. Carbonate dissolution was the major process controlling the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater, while human activities were responsible for the high concentrations of groundwater pollutants, especially NO3 –. Evaporation fraction of groundwater in the study area revealed by stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes ranged from 4 to 13% and 4 to 11%, respectively. High non-carcinogenic health risks of NO3 – to adults and children were observed in about 46.88 and 75% of the collected groundwater samples, respectively. The risk value ranges were 0-6.00 and 0-14.06, with average values of 1.36 and 3.19, for adults and children, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"701 - 727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85158544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2159785
Anshul Dhiman, A. Ramanthan, M. Macklin, S. Yadav, Stuti Kushwaha, Amogh Mudbhatkal, Venkatramanan Senapathi
Abstract This study focuses on heavy metals distribution and their ecological risk in river water, bed sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) along the Ganga River basin. Overall abundance of the metals followed the sequence, Fe > Al > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Co in water, Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cd in bed sediment, while Al > Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd in SPM. Among the abundant metals, Fe and Mn average concentrations exceeded BIS and WHO limits in river water. Similarly, Fe, Cd, and Zn, and most metals exceeded local background concentrations in bed sediment and SPM, respectively. Major ion chemistry in water signified carbonate weathering dominance during the time of sampling. Generally, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Co were derived from natural weathering and erosion, while Zn, Cd, and Pb were derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Metal index (MI) for river water showed that 27% of the locations were anthropogenically affected, whereas contamination factor and ecological risk assessment indicated highest contamination and risk from Cr and Cd in suspended sediments around urban centers in the middle basin. Furthermore, the confluence of Chambal and Yamuna increased heavy metal load in Yamuna and Ganga, respectively. The study highlighted the role of the water–sediment interaction indicating SPM is acting as a sink for metals followed by bed sediment.
{"title":"Heavy metal distribution in various environmental matrices and their risk assessment in Ganga River Basin, India","authors":"Anshul Dhiman, A. Ramanthan, M. Macklin, S. Yadav, Stuti Kushwaha, Amogh Mudbhatkal, Venkatramanan Senapathi","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2159785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2159785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on heavy metals distribution and their ecological risk in river water, bed sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) along the Ganga River basin. Overall abundance of the metals followed the sequence, Fe > Al > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Co in water, Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cd in bed sediment, while Al > Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd in SPM. Among the abundant metals, Fe and Mn average concentrations exceeded BIS and WHO limits in river water. Similarly, Fe, Cd, and Zn, and most metals exceeded local background concentrations in bed sediment and SPM, respectively. Major ion chemistry in water signified carbonate weathering dominance during the time of sampling. Generally, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Co were derived from natural weathering and erosion, while Zn, Cd, and Pb were derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Metal index (MI) for river water showed that 27% of the locations were anthropogenically affected, whereas contamination factor and ecological risk assessment indicated highest contamination and risk from Cr and Cd in suspended sediments around urban centers in the middle basin. Furthermore, the confluence of Chambal and Yamuna increased heavy metal load in Yamuna and Ganga, respectively. The study highlighted the role of the water–sediment interaction indicating SPM is acting as a sink for metals followed by bed sediment.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"621 - 650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75013643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2159784
Muhammad Firdaus Umar Saifuddin, Z. H. Ash’aari, A. Aris, Zed Diyana
Abstract Surface water pollution is a huge issue worldwide that keeps growing in magnitude and complexity which leads to millions of people don’t have access to clean water resource. Numerous studies on vulnerability, hazard and risk assessment of water pollution had been conducted yet most of them only focused on one of the three risk components. Therefore, the objective of this study was to apply a geospatial approach that integrated hydrogeological and anthropogenic parameters to assess the risk of surface water pollution in Selangor River Basin, Malaysia. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) were applied in hydrogeological vulnerability assessment. WRASTIC index was used in anthropogenic hazard assessment. The risk map showed that high-risk zones were mainly located in areas where development and agricultural activities are extensive. Conversely, low-risk zones were in areas that were mostly covered by forest with few developments, such as the upstream region. The results also revealed that high and very risk levels were dependent on soil media and presence of land use and anthropogenic activity especially agriculture, industry, and wastewater presence. The risk map also showed that developed area with high hydrogeological vulnerability would have higher risk of pollution compared to areas without any anthropogenic hazard. The risk map can assist stakeholders to identify at risk of pollution. This allows for better decision-making in integrated river basin management.
{"title":"GIS-based risk assessment of tropical surface water pollution by integrating hydrogeological and anthropogenic parameters","authors":"Muhammad Firdaus Umar Saifuddin, Z. H. Ash’aari, A. Aris, Zed Diyana","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2159784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2159784","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surface water pollution is a huge issue worldwide that keeps growing in magnitude and complexity which leads to millions of people don’t have access to clean water resource. Numerous studies on vulnerability, hazard and risk assessment of water pollution had been conducted yet most of them only focused on one of the three risk components. Therefore, the objective of this study was to apply a geospatial approach that integrated hydrogeological and anthropogenic parameters to assess the risk of surface water pollution in Selangor River Basin, Malaysia. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) were applied in hydrogeological vulnerability assessment. WRASTIC index was used in anthropogenic hazard assessment. The risk map showed that high-risk zones were mainly located in areas where development and agricultural activities are extensive. Conversely, low-risk zones were in areas that were mostly covered by forest with few developments, such as the upstream region. The results also revealed that high and very risk levels were dependent on soil media and presence of land use and anthropogenic activity especially agriculture, industry, and wastewater presence. The risk map also showed that developed area with high hydrogeological vulnerability would have higher risk of pollution compared to areas without any anthropogenic hazard. The risk map can assist stakeholders to identify at risk of pollution. This allows for better decision-making in integrated river basin management.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"651 - 678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76090385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2152774
Anle Yang, Han Zhang, X. Yang, Xiaoping Zhang
Abstract Qilian Mountain as an important ecological security barrier and water connotation area in China, Research on its vegetation NPP driving mechanism can provide reference for ecological security protection in northwest China. Based on Qilian Mountain MOD17A3 remote sensing data from 2000-2019, using one-dimensional linear regression, partial correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, residual analysis and land transfer matrix. The spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation NPP in the Qilian Mountain and its correlation with precipitation, temperature and human activities were analyzed, and quantified the effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation NPP. The results show that: 1) from 2000 to 2019 vegetation NPP in Qilian Mountains had an overall fluctuating upward trend and decreased from east to west, with a multi-year average of 138.54 g C·m−2·a−1 and an average annual increase of 1.67 g C·m−2·a−1; 2) vegetation NPP was positively correlated with precipitation and temperature, with precipitation having a more significant effect on it; 3) the area of grassland in LUCC increased the most and contributed 183.12% to vegetation NPP, while the area of unused land decreased the most and its contribution to vegetation NPP was −119.6%; 4) In the vegetation recovery area, climate change and human activities explained 89% and 11% of the vegetation recovery, respectively. While in the vegetation degradation area, they explained 22% and 78% of the vegetation degradation, respectively.
摘要祁连山作为中国重要的生态安全屏障和水内涵区，研究祁连山植被NPP驱动机制可为西北地区生态安全保护提供参考。基于2000-2019年祁连山MOD17A3遥感数据，采用一维线性回归、偏相关分析、多元线性回归、残差分析和土地流转矩阵分析。分析了祁连山植被NPP的时空动态及其与降水、温度和人类活动的相关性，量化了气候变化和人类活动对植被NPP的影响。结果表明:1)2000—2019年祁连山植被NPP总体呈波动上升趋势，自东向西递减，多年平均值为138.54 g C·m−2·a−1，年均增加1.67 g C·m−2·a−1;2)植被NPP与降水、温度呈显著正相关，其中降水对植被NPP的影响更为显著;3)草地面积增加最多，对植被NPP的贡献为183.12%，未利用地面积减少最多，对植被NPP的贡献为- 119.6%;④在植被恢复区，气候变化和人类活动对植被恢复的贡献率分别为89%和11%。而在植被退化区，它们分别解释了22%和78%的植被退化。
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of the impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation NPP in the Qilian Mountain","authors":"Anle Yang, Han Zhang, X. Yang, Xiaoping Zhang","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2152774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2152774","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Qilian Mountain as an important ecological security barrier and water connotation area in China, Research on its vegetation NPP driving mechanism can provide reference for ecological security protection in northwest China. Based on Qilian Mountain MOD17A3 remote sensing data from 2000-2019, using one-dimensional linear regression, partial correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, residual analysis and land transfer matrix. The spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation NPP in the Qilian Mountain and its correlation with precipitation, temperature and human activities were analyzed, and quantified the effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation NPP. The results show that: 1) from 2000 to 2019 vegetation NPP in Qilian Mountains had an overall fluctuating upward trend and decreased from east to west, with a multi-year average of 138.54 g C·m−2·a−1 and an average annual increase of 1.67 g C·m−2·a−1; 2) vegetation NPP was positively correlated with precipitation and temperature, with precipitation having a more significant effect on it; 3) the area of grassland in LUCC increased the most and contributed 183.12% to vegetation NPP, while the area of unused land decreased the most and its contribution to vegetation NPP was −119.6%; 4) In the vegetation recovery area, climate change and human activities explained 89% and 11% of the vegetation recovery, respectively. While in the vegetation degradation area, they explained 22% and 78% of the vegetation degradation, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"264 1","pages":"202 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76721065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2157242
Khyati Sharma, Anchal Garg, V. Joshi, Arvind Kumar
Abstract Uttar Pradesh (UP), one of the most populous state of India is facing the highest mortality rate due to ambient air exposure. In this study, the Relative Risk (RR) and Excess Risk (ER) due to six criteria air pollutants namely PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO have been estimated for 11 non-attainment cities (NAC) of this State. Results indicated that the estimated total ER was 2.62 times higher when calculated using WHO 2021 Air Quality standards (AQS) and compared with estimates using India’s CPCB 2009 AQS. Ghaziabad faces the highest ERs for both PM10 (6.20%) and PM2.5 (3.9%) as per WHO 2021 AQS. ER due to NO2 was observed highest for Kanpur. The ERs obtained for CO, SO2, and O3 were found negative mainly because the estimated pollutant concentration was observed less than AQS and therefore possess no health risks. The study concludes that the present AQS of India’s CPCB for air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 are underestimating the excess health risks and need to be revised urgently for better action plans in saving lives. Graphical Abstract HIGHLIGHTS PM10 followed by PM2.5 are the major contributors to air pollution in almost all the 11 NAC of UP. Ghaziabad has the highest total ER among the 11 NAC. Aggregated ER was 2.62 times higher when estimated using WHO 2021 AQS than CPCB 2009 AQS CPCB 2009 AQS underestimate the health risks posed by PM10, PM2.5, and NO2. The study shows an urgent need to revise India’s CPCB air quality standards.
{"title":"Assessment of health risks for criteria air pollutants present in 11 non-attainment cities of Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Khyati Sharma, Anchal Garg, V. Joshi, Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2157242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2157242","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Uttar Pradesh (UP), one of the most populous state of India is facing the highest mortality rate due to ambient air exposure. In this study, the Relative Risk (RR) and Excess Risk (ER) due to six criteria air pollutants namely PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO have been estimated for 11 non-attainment cities (NAC) of this State. Results indicated that the estimated total ER was 2.62 times higher when calculated using WHO 2021 Air Quality standards (AQS) and compared with estimates using India’s CPCB 2009 AQS. Ghaziabad faces the highest ERs for both PM10 (6.20%) and PM2.5 (3.9%) as per WHO 2021 AQS. ER due to NO2 was observed highest for Kanpur. The ERs obtained for CO, SO2, and O3 were found negative mainly because the estimated pollutant concentration was observed less than AQS and therefore possess no health risks. The study concludes that the present AQS of India’s CPCB for air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 are underestimating the excess health risks and need to be revised urgently for better action plans in saving lives. Graphical Abstract HIGHLIGHTS PM10 followed by PM2.5 are the major contributors to air pollution in almost all the 11 NAC of UP. Ghaziabad has the highest total ER among the 11 NAC. Aggregated ER was 2.62 times higher when estimated using WHO 2021 AQS than CPCB 2009 AQS CPCB 2009 AQS underestimate the health risks posed by PM10, PM2.5, and NO2. The study shows an urgent need to revise India’s CPCB air quality standards.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"175 1","pages":"103 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91072490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2154635
S. S., S. T, Prapanchan V. N., Peiyue Li
Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size. They are primarily derived from larger pieces of plastic debris that degrade into smaller pieces. The current study identified, characterized, and quantified MPs in Chennai coast coastal aquifers, seawater, and foreshore sediments. The spatial distribution and polymer composition of MP particles were studied to identify and evaluate their abundance and characteristics (composite, size, color, and shape of MPs). The foreshore and river mouth sediment samples were found to be contaminated by MPs with a total of 263 particles in 12 samples collected from different locations (average of 22 particles 5 g−1 of dry sediment (d.s.)). The surface water and groundwater samples were also contaminated by MPs with a total of 315 particles in 25 samples collected from different locations (average of 13 particles/L). Size of majorities of MPs ranged from 1 mm to 300 μm. The study also confirmed the presence of MPs in sediments and water samples collected from the study area using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR results revealed that nylon, polyvinylchloride, and polyethylene terephthalate were the predominant types of MPs. The spatial variation map showed that high concentration of MPs was observed on tourist beaches. Remediation technologies are highly effective in eliminating and preventing MPs pollution in our environment. The existence of MPs in water samples suggests that it is essential to take preventive steps to avoid MPs causing health issues like neurotoxicity, Alzheimer, and cancer.
{"title":"Human health risk perspective study on characterization, quantification and spatial distribution of microplastics in surface water, groundwater and coastal sediments of thickly populated Chennai coast of South India","authors":"S. S., S. T, Prapanchan V. N., Peiyue Li","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2154635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2154635","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size. They are primarily derived from larger pieces of plastic debris that degrade into smaller pieces. The current study identified, characterized, and quantified MPs in Chennai coast coastal aquifers, seawater, and foreshore sediments. The spatial distribution and polymer composition of MP particles were studied to identify and evaluate their abundance and characteristics (composite, size, color, and shape of MPs). The foreshore and river mouth sediment samples were found to be contaminated by MPs with a total of 263 particles in 12 samples collected from different locations (average of 22 particles 5 g−1 of dry sediment (d.s.)). The surface water and groundwater samples were also contaminated by MPs with a total of 315 particles in 25 samples collected from different locations (average of 13 particles/L). Size of majorities of MPs ranged from 1 mm to 300 μm. The study also confirmed the presence of MPs in sediments and water samples collected from the study area using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR results revealed that nylon, polyvinylchloride, and polyethylene terephthalate were the predominant types of MPs. The spatial variation map showed that high concentration of MPs was observed on tourist beaches. Remediation technologies are highly effective in eliminating and preventing MPs pollution in our environment. The existence of MPs in water samples suggests that it is essential to take preventive steps to avoid MPs causing health issues like neurotoxicity, Alzheimer, and cancer.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"222 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82461935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2154193
Shuang Gan, M. Zhang, Kaining Yu, Yahong Zhou, Bai-zhong Yan
Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the groundwater quality in Huangbizhuang town, which is an important water source for Shijiazhuang and Beijing, China. Fifty-six geo-referenced water samples were collected from pumping and monitoring wells from July to September 2018. The study investigated the applicability of two weighting methods, the expert weighting method, and the principal component analysis weighting method, to water quality assessment and evaluated the water quality status and the leading causes of groundwater pollution by chemical analysis index and multivariate statistical methods. The results show that the overall quality is good, and shallow and deep groundwater in the study area is generally suitable for drinking and irrigation. The WQI of the expert weighting method reveals that 74.36% of the shallow groundwater and 58.82% of the deep groundwater is excellent. Shallow groundwater has a close hydraulic connection with surface water, and the water quality of shallow groundwater is superior to that of deep groundwater. Compared with the expert weighting method, the weight of natural factors is larger, and the WQI value is higher in PCA weighting. Since no subjective factor is involved, the PCA weighting method is more objective and more suitable for the study area. In addition, multivariate statistical calculation results show groundwater pollution is due to both point source pollution, industrial activities, and non-point source pollution, such as agricultural activities.
{"title":"Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis modified water quality index in the Huangbizhuang, Northern China Plain","authors":"Shuang Gan, M. Zhang, Kaining Yu, Yahong Zhou, Bai-zhong Yan","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2154193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2154193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the groundwater quality in Huangbizhuang town, which is an important water source for Shijiazhuang and Beijing, China. Fifty-six geo-referenced water samples were collected from pumping and monitoring wells from July to September 2018. The study investigated the applicability of two weighting methods, the expert weighting method, and the principal component analysis weighting method, to water quality assessment and evaluated the water quality status and the leading causes of groundwater pollution by chemical analysis index and multivariate statistical methods. The results show that the overall quality is good, and shallow and deep groundwater in the study area is generally suitable for drinking and irrigation. The WQI of the expert weighting method reveals that 74.36% of the shallow groundwater and 58.82% of the deep groundwater is excellent. Shallow groundwater has a close hydraulic connection with surface water, and the water quality of shallow groundwater is superior to that of deep groundwater. Compared with the expert weighting method, the weight of natural factors is larger, and the WQI value is higher in PCA weighting. Since no subjective factor is involved, the PCA weighting method is more objective and more suitable for the study area. In addition, multivariate statistical calculation results show groundwater pollution is due to both point source pollution, industrial activities, and non-point source pollution, such as agricultural activities.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"115 1","pages":"597 - 620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79339564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2150598
A. Ghaderi, Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh, H. Banafshe, S. Mousavi, N. Mirzaei, Zeinab Parmoozeh, G. Mostafaei, Morad Rasouli-Azad, Heshmatollah Moradpour Ghalerashidi, Reza Fouladi-Fard
Abstract Cigarettes are known as the most popular tobacco in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals in smoked and non-smoked cigarette butts (CBs) from ten cigarette brands (including five Iranian brands) and human health risk assessment associated with inhalation exposure. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for heavy metals measurement after CBs digestion. The results showed that the highest concentrations of heavy metals in non-smoked and smoked cigarette butts are related to Pb (0.63 ± 0.21 µg/g) and Ni (0.81 ± 1.48 µg/g), respectively. The concentration of all heavy metals in smoked CBs is significantly higher than in non-smoked. According to the results, Ni and Cd elements in 60% of Iranian brands and 80% of other brands have HI > 1, which indicates a potential non-carcinogenic risk for consumers. Also, the carcinogenic risk of Cr in all brands is higher than 1.00E-4, which indicates the carcinogenic risk of the consumer in case of continuous exposure to cigarette smoke. Heavy metals in CBs can have potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects on the health of smokers exposed to inhalation. Therefore, continuous monitoring and regulation of the ingredients of domestically produced and imported cigarettes are recommended.
{"title":"The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals from the butts of smoked and non-smoked cigarettes","authors":"A. Ghaderi, Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh, H. Banafshe, S. Mousavi, N. Mirzaei, Zeinab Parmoozeh, G. Mostafaei, Morad Rasouli-Azad, Heshmatollah Moradpour Ghalerashidi, Reza Fouladi-Fard","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2150598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2150598","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cigarettes are known as the most popular tobacco in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals in smoked and non-smoked cigarette butts (CBs) from ten cigarette brands (including five Iranian brands) and human health risk assessment associated with inhalation exposure. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for heavy metals measurement after CBs digestion. The results showed that the highest concentrations of heavy metals in non-smoked and smoked cigarette butts are related to Pb (0.63 ± 0.21 µg/g) and Ni (0.81 ± 1.48 µg/g), respectively. The concentration of all heavy metals in smoked CBs is significantly higher than in non-smoked. According to the results, Ni and Cd elements in 60% of Iranian brands and 80% of other brands have HI > 1, which indicates a potential non-carcinogenic risk for consumers. Also, the carcinogenic risk of Cr in all brands is higher than 1.00E-4, which indicates the carcinogenic risk of the consumer in case of continuous exposure to cigarette smoke. Heavy metals in CBs can have potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects on the health of smokers exposed to inhalation. Therefore, continuous monitoring and regulation of the ingredients of domestically produced and imported cigarettes are recommended.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"187 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78817146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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