Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3637721
Duc Trong Minh Hoang;Long Bao Le
This letter studies the backdoor attack on the task-oriented digital semantic communication system. We propose TrojanDSC, a two-stage backdoor learning strategy. Specifically, in the first stage we focus the attack on the critical latent dimensions using an optimized latent trigger, and in the second stage we fine-tune the semantic encoder and classification layer. We evaluate TrojanDSC across a range of channel conditions, trigger types, and the fine-tuning defense, showing that it achieves an attack success rate (ASR) over 94% for the poison rates of 10% or more with negligible accuracy degradation on clean inputs and remains effective even after the fine-tuning defense.
{"title":"Backdoor Attacks on Semantic Communications Systems With Joint Source and Channel Coding","authors":"Duc Trong Minh Hoang;Long Bao Le","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3637721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3637721","url":null,"abstract":"This letter studies the backdoor attack on the task-oriented digital semantic communication system. We propose TrojanDSC, a two-stage backdoor learning strategy. Specifically, in the first stage we focus the attack on the critical latent dimensions using an optimized latent trigger, and in the second stage we fine-tune the semantic encoder and classification layer. We evaluate TrojanDSC across a range of channel conditions, trigger types, and the fine-tuning defense, showing that it achieves an attack success rate (ASR) over 94% for the poison rates of 10% or more with negligible accuracy degradation on clean inputs and remains effective even after the fine-tuning defense.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"273-277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636940
Shunwai Zhang;Hong Liu
In this letter, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted decode-and-forward (DF) relay system based on polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes to achieve enhanced ultra-reliable and low-latency performance in short packet communications. Firstly, we derive closed-form expressions for the upper and lower bounds of the ideal ergodic capacity (EC) under Rayleigh fading channels using Jensen’s inequality and Taylor series expansion. Secondly, for practical short packet communications, we further derive the upper bound of the EC with finite blocklength via Gamma approximation method. Simulation results demonstrate the tightness of the derived bounds. The results also show that the proposed system based on PAC coding scheme is superior to the benchmark polar coding scheme and low density parity check (LDPC) coding scheme for short packet communications.
{"title":"RIS-Assisted DF Relay System Based on PAC Codes for Short Packet Communication","authors":"Shunwai Zhang;Hong Liu","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636940","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted decode-and-forward (DF) relay system based on polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes to achieve enhanced ultra-reliable and low-latency performance in short packet communications. Firstly, we derive closed-form expressions for the upper and lower bounds of the ideal ergodic capacity (EC) under Rayleigh fading channels using Jensen’s inequality and Taylor series expansion. Secondly, for practical short packet communications, we further derive the upper bound of the EC with finite blocklength via Gamma approximation method. Simulation results demonstrate the tightness of the derived bounds. The results also show that the proposed system based on PAC coding scheme is superior to the benchmark polar coding scheme and low density parity check (LDPC) coding scheme for short packet communications.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"263-267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been emerging as a key technology for future wireless systems, where accurate characterization of reflection properties is a prerequisite for practical applications. While existing characterization methods rely on specialized facilities like anechoic chambers or horn antennas, this letter proposes an in-situ self-calibration approach that estimates RIS reflection characteristics by leveraging the RIS itself to generate diverse observation patterns for validation. The approach utilizes an alternating optimization method to separately estimate the RIS reflection coefficients and wireless channel parameters, thereby addressing the coupling between wireless channel propagation and RIS modulation in the received signals. Real-world experiments with an RIS prototype validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its feasibility for practical RIS deployment.
{"title":"Estimating RIS Reflection Characteristics via In-Situ Self-Calibration","authors":"Fengquan Zhan;Dongheng Zhang;Ganlin Zhang;Ruixu Geng;Yan Chen","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636857","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been emerging as a key technology for future wireless systems, where accurate characterization of reflection properties is a prerequisite for practical applications. While existing characterization methods rely on specialized facilities like anechoic chambers or horn antennas, this letter proposes an in-situ self-calibration approach that estimates RIS reflection characteristics by leveraging the RIS itself to generate diverse observation patterns for validation. The approach utilizes an alternating optimization method to separately estimate the RIS reflection coefficients and wireless channel parameters, thereby addressing the coupling between wireless channel propagation and RIS modulation in the received signals. Real-world experiments with an RIS prototype validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its feasibility for practical RIS deployment.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"282-286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636389
Yifei Wang;Pradyumna Kumar Bishoyi;Marina Petrova
Standard 5G new radio (NR) reference signals (RSs), such as demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and positioning reference signal (PRS), have been proposed for sensing; however, they exhibit structural limitations, such as evenly spaced or sparse patterns, that degrade target detection, introduce ghost targets, and reduce the probability of detecting weak targets in multi-target scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose a sensing-oriented resource element (RE) allocation scheme that optimizes the time-domain spacing of RSs at the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol level, thereby maximizing the detection probability for closely spaced targets while maintaining sparse recovery constraints. The optimized RE pattern is further processed with the complex approximate message passing (CAMP) algorithm, a compressed sensing (CS) method, to generate high-resolution range–Doppler (RD) maps. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed pattern significantly increases the peak-to-aliasing lobe ratio and increases the probability of detecting weak targets compared to conventional RS patterns in multi-target scenarios.
{"title":"Sensing-Oriented Reference Signal Design for Multi-Target Detection in 6G ISAC Systems","authors":"Yifei Wang;Pradyumna Kumar Bishoyi;Marina Petrova","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3636389","url":null,"abstract":"Standard 5G new radio (NR) reference signals (RSs), such as demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and positioning reference signal (PRS), have been proposed for sensing; however, they exhibit structural limitations, such as evenly spaced or sparse patterns, that degrade target detection, introduce ghost targets, and reduce the probability of detecting weak targets in multi-target scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose a sensing-oriented resource element (RE) allocation scheme that optimizes the time-domain spacing of RSs at the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol level, thereby maximizing the detection probability for closely spaced targets while maintaining sparse recovery constraints. The optimized RE pattern is further processed with the complex approximate message passing (CAMP) algorithm, a compressed sensing (CS) method, to generate high-resolution range–Doppler (RD) maps. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed pattern significantly increases the peak-to-aliasing lobe ratio and increases the probability of detecting weak targets compared to conventional RS patterns in multi-target scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"302-306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635738
Nagla Abuzgaia;Abdelhamid Salem;Ahmed Elbarsha
This letter presents an innovative scheme to enhance the communication rate and energy efficiency (EE) of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) in wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) by deploying the emerging fluid antenna system (FAS) technology onto the UAV. Our proposed approach leverages dynamic port switching capability of FAS, enabling UAV to adaptively select the optimal antenna location that maximizes channel gain for both downlink wireless power transfer (WPT) and uplink wireless data transfer (WDT). We derive both the exact analytical expression of the ergodic spectral rate and the asymptotic expression at the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime under Nakagami-m correlated fading channels. The Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the accuracy of the analytical expressions and demonstrate the substantial increase in energy efficiency of UAV with FAS compared to fixed antenna systems.
{"title":"FAS Enabled UAV for Energy-Efficient WPCNs","authors":"Nagla Abuzgaia;Abdelhamid Salem;Ahmed Elbarsha","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635738","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an innovative scheme to enhance the communication rate and energy efficiency (EE) of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) in wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) by deploying the emerging fluid antenna system (FAS) technology onto the UAV. Our proposed approach leverages dynamic port switching capability of FAS, enabling UAV to adaptively select the optimal antenna location that maximizes channel gain for both downlink wireless power transfer (WPT) and uplink wireless data transfer (WDT). We derive both the exact analytical expression of the ergodic spectral rate and the asymptotic expression at the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime under Nakagami-m correlated fading channels. The Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the accuracy of the analytical expressions and demonstrate the substantial increase in energy efficiency of UAV with FAS compared to fixed antenna systems.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"278-281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635906
Yuandi Li;Zhe Xiang;Fei Yu;Zhuoran Zhang;Yanhao Wang;Zhangshuang Guan;Hui Ji;Zhiguo Wan
The widespread adoption of smart mobile devices and applications has driven an exponential growth in wireless data traffic, posing significant challenges to modern communication systems. Ensuring reliable task-oriented multimodal semantic communication has become increasingly critical. In this letter, we propose RMMSC, a novel framework designed to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of Audio-Visual Event (AVE) localization-driven multimodal semantic communication. Specifically, RMMSC improves the accuracy of multimodal semantic information through advanced semantic encoding and cross-modal feature integration. It employs a two-level coding scheme that combines error-correcting codes with semantic encoders to enhance the reliability of multimodal semantic transmission. As an optional design choice, RMMSC supports a hybrid encryption mechanism to protect transmitted data if required by the application context. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of RMMSC, demonstrating significant improvements in accuracy and reliability for the AVE task.
{"title":"Reliable Multimodal Semantic Communication for Audio-Visual Event Localization","authors":"Yuandi Li;Zhe Xiang;Fei Yu;Zhuoran Zhang;Yanhao Wang;Zhangshuang Guan;Hui Ji;Zhiguo Wan","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635906","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread adoption of smart mobile devices and applications has driven an exponential growth in wireless data traffic, posing significant challenges to modern communication systems. Ensuring reliable task-oriented multimodal semantic communication has become increasingly critical. In this letter, we propose RMMSC, a novel framework designed to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of Audio-Visual Event (AVE) localization-driven multimodal semantic communication. Specifically, RMMSC improves the accuracy of multimodal semantic information through advanced semantic encoding and cross-modal feature integration. It employs a two-level coding scheme that combines error-correcting codes with semantic encoders to enhance the reliability of multimodal semantic transmission. As an optional design choice, RMMSC supports a hybrid encryption mechanism to protect transmitted data if required by the application context. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of RMMSC, demonstrating significant improvements in accuracy and reliability for the AVE task.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"317-321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this letter, we propose a novel decoding scheme for primitive rateless (PR) codes to improve belief propagation (BP) performance in the short blocklength regime. We first design the PR codes using primitive polynomials whose supports form a Golomb ruler, enabling the construction of a 4-cycle-free parity-check matrix (PCM) without the need for auxiliary variable nodes. We introduce a second PCM derived by sorting channel log-likelihood ratios and applying Gaussian elimination. The double-bases decoder operates by running BP decoding in parallel on both PCMs, and selecting the candidate codeword with the shorter Euclidean distance to the received signal. Simulation results show that the proposed double-bases BP approach can outperform the multiple-bases BP decoder while reducing the number of required PCMs and complexity. The PR code paired with the proposed decoder offers competitive performance compared to 5G-polar, RM, and LDPC codes in the short blocklength regime.
{"title":"Belief Propagation Decoding of Primitive Rateless Codes","authors":"Fatemeh Namadchi;Sarah Johnson;Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635872","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a novel decoding scheme for primitive rateless (PR) codes to improve belief propagation (BP) performance in the short blocklength regime. We first design the PR codes using primitive polynomials whose supports form a Golomb ruler, enabling the construction of a 4-cycle-free parity-check matrix (PCM) without the need for auxiliary variable nodes. We introduce a second PCM derived by sorting channel log-likelihood ratios and applying Gaussian elimination. The double-bases decoder operates by running BP decoding in parallel on both PCMs, and selecting the candidate codeword with the shorter Euclidean distance to the received signal. Simulation results show that the proposed double-bases BP approach can outperform the multiple-bases BP decoder while reducing the number of required PCMs and complexity. The PR code paired with the proposed decoder offers competitive performance compared to 5G-polar, RM, and LDPC codes in the short blocklength regime.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"292-296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635104
Tran Trung Duy;Thai-Hoc Vu;Tien Hoa Nguyen;Lam-Thanh Tu;Derrick Wing Kwan Ng
This paper analyzes the performance of Fountain code broadcasting (FCB) and uncoded broadcasting (UB) in cellular networks by deriving closed-form expressions for the system-level coverage probability (SPcov) using a stochastic geometry framework. The analysis captures the impact of network load, defined as the ratio of mobile terminal (MT) to base station (BS) density, along with the path-loss exponent and quality-of-service (QoS) threshold. Results reveal that higher network load and QoS threshold reduce SPcov, whereas a larger path-loss exponent improves it. Monte Carlo simulations validate the framework, showing that FCB consistently outperforms UB and that the analysis remains accurate even for non–fully-loaded scenarios.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Broadcast Cellular Networks With Stochastic Geometry and Fountain Codes","authors":"Tran Trung Duy;Thai-Hoc Vu;Tien Hoa Nguyen;Lam-Thanh Tu;Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3635104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the performance of Fountain code broadcasting (FCB) and uncoded broadcasting (UB) in cellular networks by deriving closed-form expressions for the system-level coverage probability (SPcov) using a stochastic geometry framework. The analysis captures the impact of network load, defined as the ratio of mobile terminal (MT) to base station (BS) density, along with the path-loss exponent and quality-of-service (QoS) threshold. Results reveal that higher network load and QoS threshold reduce SPcov, whereas a larger path-loss exponent improves it. Monte Carlo simulations validate the framework, showing that FCB consistently outperforms UB and that the analysis remains accurate even for non–fully-loaded scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In complex environments, traditional line-of-sight (LOS)-based localization methods suffer from limited performance due to frequent interruption of LOS paths. This letter proposes a spatio-temporal joint localization (STJL) mechanism, a novel non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path-assisted localization method that exploits both spatial and temporal characteristics of channel parameters. The STJL first introduces an error-minimization-based path matching algorithm to associate multipath components across time, improving path consistency and parameter stability. Then the STJL integrates temporal continuity and spatial geometry of paths through Kalman filtering to improve localization accuracy. The proposed mechanism enables robust estimation of virtual LOS paths even under obstruction. Simulation results demonstrate that the STJL significantly improves accuracy and stability of the localization, achieving over 50% improvement in localization accuracy compared to the geometry-based NLOS localization.
{"title":"Non-Line-of-Sight Path-Assisted Localization Based on Joint Spatio-Temporal Information","authors":"Chengsong Fu;Wenquan Feng;Hongbo Zhao;Jianer Zhou;Chen Zhuang","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3634799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3634799","url":null,"abstract":"In complex environments, traditional line-of-sight (LOS)-based localization methods suffer from limited performance due to frequent interruption of LOS paths. This letter proposes a spatio-temporal joint localization (STJL) mechanism, a novel non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path-assisted localization method that exploits both spatial and temporal characteristics of channel parameters. The STJL first introduces an error-minimization-based path matching algorithm to associate multipath components across time, improving path consistency and parameter stability. Then the STJL integrates temporal continuity and spatial geometry of paths through Kalman filtering to improve localization accuracy. The proposed mechanism enables robust estimation of virtual LOS paths even under obstruction. Simulation results demonstrate that the STJL significantly improves accuracy and stability of the localization, achieving over 50% improvement in localization accuracy compared to the geometry-based NLOS localization.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"307-311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3630468
Hugo Prod'Homme;Philipp del Hougne
Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) are an emerging technology for next-generation wireless base stations, distinguished by hybrid analog/digital beamforming capabilities with low hardware complexity. However, the intrinsic coupling between meta-atoms is fixed by static waveguide or cavity structures in existing DMAs, which fundamentally constrains the achievable performance. Here, we introduce reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms between meta-atoms, yielding finer control over the DMA’s analog signal processing capabilities. This novel hardware is coined “beyond-diagonal DMA” (BD-DMA), in line with established BD-RIS terminology. Considering realistic hardware constraints, we derive a physics-consistent system model revealing (correlated) “beyond-diagonal” programmability. We also present an equivalent formulation with (uncorrelated) “diagonal” programmability. Based on the latter, we propose a general and efficient mutual-coupling-aware optimization algorithm. Physics-consistent simulations validate the performance enhancement enabled by reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms in BD-DMAs. The BD-DMA benefits grow with the mutual coupling strength.
{"title":"Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna","authors":"Hugo Prod'Homme;Philipp del Hougne","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3630468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3630468","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) are an emerging technology for next-generation wireless base stations, distinguished by hybrid analog/digital beamforming capabilities with low hardware complexity. However, the intrinsic coupling between meta-atoms is fixed by static waveguide or cavity structures in existing DMAs, which fundamentally constrains the achievable performance. Here, we introduce reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms between meta-atoms, yielding finer control over the DMA’s analog signal processing capabilities. This novel hardware is coined “beyond-diagonal DMA” (BD-DMA), in line with established BD-RIS terminology. Considering realistic hardware constraints, we derive a physics-consistent system model revealing (correlated) “beyond-diagonal” programmability. We also present an equivalent formulation with (uncorrelated) “diagonal” programmability. Based on the latter, we propose a general and efficient mutual-coupling-aware optimization algorithm. Physics-consistent simulations validate the performance enhancement enabled by reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms in BD-DMAs. The BD-DMA benefits grow with the mutual coupling strength.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"30 ","pages":"258-262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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