Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14730
Zeinab Taha Ali Omer, Aya Hassan Abu Alhassan, Manal Mohammed Hassan Ahmed, Aida Ahmed Fadlala Ahmed, Suaad Ahmed Suliman Omer, Salma Mohammed Gomaa, Sameer Alqubati, Ahmed Abdalla Jarelnabe, Mohamed Abdalla Eltahir Hassan, Amal Abdelgadir Ali Mohamed, Mudathir Mohamedahmed Eltayeb, Amna Mohammed Idris, Waled A M Ahmed
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, commonly manifests during early childhood and has the potential to adversely affect an individual’s social, academic, and occupational performance in multiple settings. Students with ADHD may struggle with attention, focus, listening, and completing schoolwork. Additionally, they may exhibit restless or disruptive behavior in class and may have learning disabilities that affect their academic performance. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of primary school teachers on ADHD in Alkadrow, Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Alkadrow-Bahri locality, Sudan, over a period of three to six months in 2022. The study population included primary school teachers who had taught for at least one year and encountered at least one student with ADHD. A convenience sampling technique was used to select a minimum of 59 participants, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data, including descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: The study had 59 participants, with the majority being female and in the age group of 41–45 years. The participants were mostly married and had obtained psychology courses, with a bachelor’s degree being the most common level of education. Many participants had over 20 years of teaching experience. Regarding the attitude toward attention deficit hyperactivity, most participants strongly agreed that they did have a negative/positive attitude toward it, and a majority agreed or were neutral toward ADHD. However, in the case of attention deficit hyperactivity, a significant percentage of participants disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement. Conclusion: The study found that most participants had a negative attitude toward student referrals for medical care and believed that most symptoms of ADHD can be lowered by aging. Additionally, more than half strongly disagreed that punishment has a positive effect on ADHD.
{"title":"Primary School Teachers’ Perspectives on ADHD in Alkadrow, Khartoum, Sudan","authors":"Zeinab Taha Ali Omer, Aya Hassan Abu Alhassan, Manal Mohammed Hassan Ahmed, Aida Ahmed Fadlala Ahmed, Suaad Ahmed Suliman Omer, Salma Mohammed Gomaa, Sameer Alqubati, Ahmed Abdalla Jarelnabe, Mohamed Abdalla Eltahir Hassan, Amal Abdelgadir Ali Mohamed, Mudathir Mohamedahmed Eltayeb, Amna Mohammed Idris, Waled A M Ahmed","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14730","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, commonly manifests during early childhood and has the potential to adversely affect an individual’s social, academic, and occupational performance in multiple settings. Students with ADHD may struggle with attention, focus, listening, and completing schoolwork. Additionally, they may exhibit restless or disruptive behavior in class and may have learning disabilities that affect their academic performance. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of primary school teachers on ADHD in Alkadrow, Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Alkadrow-Bahri locality, Sudan, over a period of three to six months in 2022. The study population included primary school teachers who had taught for at least one year and encountered at least one student with ADHD. A convenience sampling technique was used to select a minimum of 59 participants, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data, including descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: The study had 59 participants, with the majority being female and in the age group of 41–45 years. The participants were mostly married and had obtained psychology courses, with a bachelor’s degree being the most common level of education. Many participants had over 20 years of teaching experience. Regarding the attitude toward attention deficit hyperactivity, most participants strongly agreed that they did have a negative/positive attitude toward it, and a majority agreed or were neutral toward ADHD. However, in the case of attention deficit hyperactivity, a significant percentage of participants disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement. Conclusion: The study found that most participants had a negative attitude toward student referrals for medical care and believed that most symptoms of ADHD can be lowered by aging. Additionally, more than half strongly disagreed that punishment has a positive effect on ADHD.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14728
Mosab Alzubier, Raed Abdullah Alasmi, Eltahir hir Ahmed Elta
Background: The introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has revolutionized the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). However, there is a wide variation in the daily practice of PSA testing with ongoing efforts to increase its sensitivity. This study aims to evaluate the attitude of Sudanese urologists toward the PSA test in their daily practice. Methods: An online questionnaire was formed and sent to the academic group of Sudanese urologists; it was left for two months with weekly reminders. The group contains 135 members. Data were then collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 135 members, 83 (61.5%) responded to the questionnaire, all were males, with 43% of them being consultants, and 37% having an experience between 5 and 10 years. Most participants (85%) use the test according to international guidelines, the majority (60%) counsel patients before the test, with 72% finding the test more than 50% reliable. In addition, >33% face problems when requesting PSA with >29% of them finding it unreliable. Moreover, in >13%, the test is unavailable. Nearly all participants (95%) think that there is a need for national guidelines to regulate the use of PSA tests. Conclusion: For the diversity of practice toward the PSA test and the unavailability of adjunct methods that increase its sensitivity, there is a need for national guidelines to regulate the use of the test in the context of other clinical factors.
{"title":"Perception, Practice, and Attitude Toward Prostate-specific Antigen Test Among Sudanese Urologists","authors":"Mosab Alzubier, Raed Abdullah Alasmi, Eltahir hir Ahmed Elta","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14728","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has revolutionized the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). However, there is a wide variation in the daily practice of PSA testing with ongoing efforts to increase its sensitivity. This study aims to evaluate the attitude of Sudanese urologists toward the PSA test in their daily practice. Methods: An online questionnaire was formed and sent to the academic group of Sudanese urologists; it was left for two months with weekly reminders. The group contains 135 members. Data were then collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 135 members, 83 (61.5%) responded to the questionnaire, all were males, with 43% of them being consultants, and 37% having an experience between 5 and 10 years. Most participants (85%) use the test according to international guidelines, the majority (60%) counsel patients before the test, with 72% finding the test more than 50% reliable. In addition, >33% face problems when requesting PSA with >29% of them finding it unreliable. Moreover, in >13%, the test is unavailable. Nearly all participants (95%) think that there is a need for national guidelines to regulate the use of PSA tests. Conclusion: For the diversity of practice toward the PSA test and the unavailability of adjunct methods that increase its sensitivity, there is a need for national guidelines to regulate the use of the test in the context of other clinical factors.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14727
Ola Abdoalnasir Abdoalrasol Abdallah, Hafsa Ahmed Elrheima Ahmed
Background: Type II diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic disorder. Vitamin D appears to be associated with chronic disease prevention and modulation of immunity. This study was designed to associate vitamin D levels with glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Khartoum state. Methods: This was a prospective case-control study conducted between June and November 2021 in Khartoum, Sudan. In total, 80 individuals were included in the study, of which 40 had type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the other 40 were normal, apparently healthy individuals. Vitamin D was measured by ELISA. Results: SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that 20% of the case group (patients with diabetes mellitus) had suboptimal vitamin D levels, whereas 80% had vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels were significantly decreased among the case group when compared to the control group (P-value = 0.00). The glycated hemoglobin was negatively correlated with vitamin D level (P-value = 0.017, R = –0.376). Conclusion: In this study, a significant decrease in vitamin D was seen among people with type 2 DM. There was a weak negative correlation between hemoglobin A1C and vitamin D levels, and no significant difference in Vitamin D levels among gender and different types of treatment.
背景：II 型糖尿病是一种慢性高血糖疾病。维生素 D 似乎与慢性疾病的预防和免疫调节有关。本研究旨在将维生素 D 水平与喀土穆州 2 型糖尿病患者的血糖控制联系起来。 研究方法这是一项前瞻性病例对照研究，于 2021 年 6 月至 11 月在苏丹喀土穆进行。共有 80 人参与研究，其中 40 人患有 2 型糖尿病，另外 40 人则是表面上健康的正常人。研究人员通过酶联免疫吸附法测定维生素 D。 研究结果使用 SPSS 进行统计分析。结果显示，病例组（糖尿病患者）中有 20% 的人维生素 D 水平不达标，而 80% 的人缺乏维生素 D。与对照组相比，病例组的维生素 D 水平明显下降（P 值 = 0.00）。糖化血红蛋白与维生素 D 水平呈负相关（P 值 = 0.017，R = -0.376）。 结论在这项研究中，2 型糖尿病患者的维生素 D 水平明显下降。血红蛋白 A1C 与维生素 D 水平呈弱负相关，不同性别和不同治疗类型的维生素 D 水平无明显差异。
{"title":"Assessment of Vitamin D Level and Its Relation to Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Khartoum State","authors":"Ola Abdoalnasir Abdoalrasol Abdallah, Hafsa Ahmed Elrheima Ahmed","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14727","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type II diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic disorder. Vitamin D appears to be associated with chronic disease prevention and modulation of immunity. This study was designed to associate vitamin D levels with glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Khartoum state. Methods: This was a prospective case-control study conducted between June and November 2021 in Khartoum, Sudan. In total, 80 individuals were included in the study, of which 40 had type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the other 40 were normal, apparently healthy individuals. Vitamin D was measured by ELISA. Results: SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that 20% of the case group (patients with diabetes mellitus) had suboptimal vitamin D levels, whereas 80% had vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels were significantly decreased among the case group when compared to the control group (P-value = 0.00). The glycated hemoglobin was negatively correlated with vitamin D level (P-value = 0.017, R = –0.376). Conclusion: In this study, a significant decrease in vitamin D was seen among people with type 2 DM. There was a weak negative correlation between hemoglobin A1C and vitamin D levels, and no significant difference in Vitamin D levels among gender and different types of treatment.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"127 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14742
K. Ashiq, Sana Ashiq, Aisha Mobashar, Farah Abid, Anam Yasmeen, N. Shehzadi, Muhammad Tanveer Khan, Khalid Hussain
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic self-inflicted inflammatory disease that primarily affects middle-aged women. Globally, 1% of people live with RA. This review aims to provide updated information on the different aspects of RA, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management. A web-based literature search was conducted through various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, to identify the most relevant studies. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the prevalence and occurrence of RA have remained inconsistent across geographical areas in different periods. Many factors such as age, gender, inheritances, and environmental exposure can contribute to the severity of the disease. The acute form of RA usually presents with pain, and if left untreated, it can result in joint deformities and influence a patient’s quality of life (QoL). RA diagnosis is usually based on the manifestation of pain with inflammation. Currently, many therapeutic strategies are available for the cure of RA. The management of daily routine activities is required with treatment to curtail the damage, avoid future deformities, and ultimately minimize the aching trouble of the patient.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种系统性自身发炎疾病，主要影响中年女性。全球有1%的人患有RA。本综述旨在提供有关 RA 不同方面的最新信息，包括其流行病学、病理生理学、诊断、治疗和管理。我们通过PubMed、Google Scholar和Science Direct等多个数据库进行了网络文献检索，以确定最相关的研究。流行病学研究表明，在不同时期，RA 在不同地区的流行率和发生率并不一致。年龄、性别、遗传和环境暴露等多种因素都可能导致疾病的严重程度。急性 RA 通常表现为疼痛，如果不及时治疗，会导致关节畸形，影响患者的生活质量（QoL）。RA 的诊断通常基于疼痛和炎症的表现。目前，治疗 RA 的方法有很多。在治疗的同时，还需要对患者的日常活动进行管理，以减少损伤，避免日后出现畸形，最终将患者的疼痛困扰降至最低。
{"title":"An Updated Review on Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and the Current Approaches for Its Treatment","authors":"K. Ashiq, Sana Ashiq, Aisha Mobashar, Farah Abid, Anam Yasmeen, N. Shehzadi, Muhammad Tanveer Khan, Khalid Hussain","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14742","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic self-inflicted inflammatory disease that primarily affects middle-aged women. Globally, 1% of people live with RA. This review aims to provide updated information on the different aspects of RA, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management. A web-based literature search was conducted through various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, to identify the most relevant studies. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the prevalence and occurrence of RA have remained inconsistent across geographical areas in different periods. Many factors such as age, gender, inheritances, and environmental exposure can contribute to the severity of the disease. The acute form of RA usually presents with pain, and if left untreated, it can result in joint deformities and influence a patient’s quality of life (QoL). RA diagnosis is usually based on the manifestation of pain with inflammation. Currently, many therapeutic strategies are available for the cure of RA. The management of daily routine activities is required with treatment to curtail the damage, avoid future deformities, and ultimately minimize the aching trouble of the patient.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14741
Rabia Khalid, Sana Riasat
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease diagnosed in bone marrow, arising from a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of fusion oncogene BCR–ABL. The product of this fusion oncogene is a new oncoprotein bcr–abl which possesses abnormal tyrosine kinase activity. In response to this, abnormal signaling pathway activation occurs, leading to cell transformation. BCR–ABL oncogene could be targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to delay or inhibit the disease progression. Imatinib is the first drug designed against CML but resistance to this has led to the development of the second- and third generations of inhibitors that are active against many types of BCR–ABL gene mutations. However, somehow, due to disease progression, TKIs do not remain as effective. There are three well-characterized phases of CML: The chronic phase (CP), the accelerated phase, and the terminal stage which is the blast crisis (BC) stage. In the CP of CML, mature granulocytes and myeloid precursors become aggregated majorly in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The accelerated phase is marked by increased disease severity and an increase in progenitor/precursor cell number. In the BC stage, undifferentiated blast cells grow in number. Many patients with CML are diagnosed during the CP of the disease, so the survival rate of CML is high. However, 20% of CML patients proceed to advanced stages that result in drug resistance, intolerance, and mortality. So, for proper CML treatment, drugs are needed to target multiple BCR– ABL mutations, delay or stop disease progression, and overcome resistance caused by BCR–ABL independent mechanisms, especially during advanced phases of CML. Moreover, drugs could be developed to eradicate the stem cells of CML. These targets could be achieved by understanding mechanisms of disease progression, disease relapse, and drug resistance by utilizing high throughput molecular genetics, cell biology and immunology techniques.
{"title":"Molecular Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)","authors":"Rabia Khalid, Sana Riasat","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14741","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease diagnosed in bone marrow, arising from a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of fusion oncogene BCR–ABL. The product of this fusion oncogene is a new oncoprotein bcr–abl which possesses abnormal tyrosine kinase activity. In response to this, abnormal signaling pathway activation occurs, leading to cell transformation. BCR–ABL oncogene could be targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to delay or inhibit the disease progression. Imatinib is the first drug designed against CML but resistance to this has led to the development of the second- and third generations of inhibitors that are active against many types of BCR–ABL gene mutations. However, somehow, due to disease progression, TKIs do not remain as effective. There are three well-characterized phases of CML: The chronic phase (CP), the accelerated phase, and the terminal stage which is the blast crisis (BC) stage. In the CP of CML, mature granulocytes and myeloid precursors become aggregated majorly in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The accelerated phase is marked by increased disease severity and an increase in progenitor/precursor cell number. In the BC stage, undifferentiated blast cells grow in number. Many patients with CML are diagnosed during the CP of the disease, so the survival rate of CML is high. However, 20% of CML patients proceed to advanced stages that result in drug resistance, intolerance, and mortality. So, for proper CML treatment, drugs are needed to target multiple BCR– ABL mutations, delay or stop disease progression, and overcome resistance caused by BCR–ABL independent mechanisms, especially during advanced phases of CML. Moreover, drugs could be developed to eradicate the stem cells of CML. These targets could be achieved by understanding mechanisms of disease progression, disease relapse, and drug resistance by utilizing high throughput molecular genetics, cell biology and immunology techniques.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14736
Yagnang Vyas, A. Leuva, Dr Yagnang, Prof. Nazik Elmalaika, Obaid Seid Ahmed, MD M.Sc Husain
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable infectious disease and one of the leading causes of death. Until the coronavirus pandemic, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, more than HIV/AIDS. Due to urbanization and rapid social and economic development, there is a rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic and India has the second largest number of DM patients in the world. There are around 74.2 million DM cases and 40.1 million people with impaired glucose tolerance. Tuberculosis is more common in low- and middle-income countries. The increasing trend of the two diseases poses a major challenge for the tuberculosis control program. Methods: The main goal of this research was to investigate clinical and demographic patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with DM. It is a prospective, observational, in-hospital study. We studied 165 PTB patients associated with DM who were at least scanty/1+ positive on smear or had Mycobacterium TB sputum CBNAAT detected. Results: Of the 165 patients, 127 PTB-DM patients were male and 38 were female. The most common symptom was cough, which occurred in 164 (99.4%) patients. Fever was the second most common symptom in 152 (92.1%) patients and anorexia was the third most common symptom, occurring in 119 (72.1%) patients. Conclusion: The majority of patients were from IPD 88 (54%), suggesting that PTB–DM cases have a more severe and complicated presentation. Male patients are affected more frequently than female patients. People in the age group 31–60 years often suffer from PTB–DM. Cough, fever, and anorexia are the most common symptoms, while chest pain and breathlessness are more common in the older age group. The history of PTB in DM patients is also of concern as the present study shows that there is a possible association with relapse or reactivation of PTB as well as drug resistance of PTB.
{"title":"Clinical and Demographic Patterns of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Patient","authors":"Yagnang Vyas, A. Leuva, Dr Yagnang, Prof. Nazik Elmalaika, Obaid Seid Ahmed, MD M.Sc Husain","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14736","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable infectious disease and one of the leading causes of death. Until the coronavirus pandemic, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, more than HIV/AIDS. Due to urbanization and rapid social and economic development, there is a rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic and India has the second largest number of DM patients in the world. There are around 74.2 million DM cases and 40.1 million people with impaired glucose tolerance. Tuberculosis is more common in low- and middle-income countries. The increasing trend of the two diseases poses a major challenge for the tuberculosis control program. Methods: The main goal of this research was to investigate clinical and demographic patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with DM. It is a prospective, observational, in-hospital study. We studied 165 PTB patients associated with DM who were at least scanty/1+ positive on smear or had Mycobacterium TB sputum CBNAAT detected. Results: Of the 165 patients, 127 PTB-DM patients were male and 38 were female. The most common symptom was cough, which occurred in 164 (99.4%) patients. Fever was the second most common symptom in 152 (92.1%) patients and anorexia was the third most common symptom, occurring in 119 (72.1%) patients. Conclusion: The majority of patients were from IPD 88 (54%), suggesting that PTB–DM cases have a more severe and complicated presentation. Male patients are affected more frequently than female patients. People in the age group 31–60 years often suffer from PTB–DM. Cough, fever, and anorexia are the most common symptoms, while chest pain and breathlessness are more common in the older age group. The history of PTB in DM patients is also of concern as the present study shows that there is a possible association with relapse or reactivation of PTB as well as drug resistance of PTB.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":" 61","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14738
Muzafr Shakir Ali Yousif, Ahmed Shakir Ali Yousif, Marwa Gamal Abdelmagid, Yassin Mohammed Osman, Sami Mahjoub Taha
Background: Adult renal cell carcinomas account for 80–85% of all renal tumors, making them the most common primary renal tumors. As a method for categorizing renal masses by anatomical characteristics, R.E.N.A.L score is suggested to study the effect on surgical approach in addition to perioperative outcomes and complications. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective hospital-based study enrolled 48 RCC patients in GHRDS in the period between September 2020 and September 2021. Data regarding demographics, histological subtypes, surgical approach, intraoperative and postoperative complications were collected. Based on R.E.N.A.L score, the complexity of renal tumors is grouped into low, moderate, and high. Results: The study sample size was 48. Twenty-five participants (52.1%) were men with a mean age of 51 years. Most cases had clear cell RCC 22 (45.8%) and papillary RCC 19 (39.6%). Thirty-nine (81.5%) patients underwent radical nephrectomy (flank incision [extraperitoneal] in 32 [82.1%] and midline incision [transperitoneal] in 7 [17.3%]), and 9 (18.5%) patients underwent partial nephrectomy. One-third of the patients 15 (31.2%) had intraoperative complications and 7 (14.6%) had postoperative complications. All intraoperative and most postoperative complications were associated with radical nephrectomy (P = 0.001). According to complexity, 21 (43.8%) patients had moderate complexity, 15 (31.2%) high complexity, and 12 (25%) low complexity. Conclusion: Most RCC patients had moderate complexity and were subjected to radical nephrectomy. High complexities were linked to the decision of radical nephrectomy, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. More prospective research with large sample size and multi-centered studies is essential to ensure the generalizability of study findings.
{"title":"Application of R.E.N.A.L Nephrometry Score in Planning Type of Surgery and Predicting Complications in RCC Patients in Gezira Hospital","authors":"Muzafr Shakir Ali Yousif, Ahmed Shakir Ali Yousif, Marwa Gamal Abdelmagid, Yassin Mohammed Osman, Sami Mahjoub Taha","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14738","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adult renal cell carcinomas account for 80–85% of all renal tumors, making them the most common primary renal tumors. As a method for categorizing renal masses by anatomical characteristics, R.E.N.A.L score is suggested to study the effect on surgical approach in addition to perioperative outcomes and complications. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective hospital-based study enrolled 48 RCC patients in GHRDS in the period between September 2020 and September 2021. Data regarding demographics, histological subtypes, surgical approach, intraoperative and postoperative complications were collected. Based on R.E.N.A.L score, the complexity of renal tumors is grouped into low, moderate, and high. Results: The study sample size was 48. Twenty-five participants (52.1%) were men with a mean age of 51 years. Most cases had clear cell RCC 22 (45.8%) and papillary RCC 19 (39.6%). Thirty-nine (81.5%) patients underwent radical nephrectomy (flank incision [extraperitoneal] in 32 [82.1%] and midline incision [transperitoneal] in 7 [17.3%]), and 9 (18.5%) patients underwent partial nephrectomy. One-third of the patients 15 (31.2%) had intraoperative complications and 7 (14.6%) had postoperative complications. All intraoperative and most postoperative complications were associated with radical nephrectomy (P = 0.001). According to complexity, 21 (43.8%) patients had moderate complexity, 15 (31.2%) high complexity, and 12 (25%) low complexity. Conclusion: Most RCC patients had moderate complexity and were subjected to radical nephrectomy. High complexities were linked to the decision of radical nephrectomy, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. More prospective research with large sample size and multi-centered studies is essential to ensure the generalizability of study findings.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14744
Khalid Mohamed Abdalla, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Hamza Mustapha Ahmed
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disorder of unclear pathogenesis occurring commonly in obese women of childbearing age and characterized by increased intracranial pressure in the absence of intracranial space-occupying lesion or cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction. We report a rare case of a middle-aged obese female with intractable headache referred to the department of radiology for neuroimaging on account of suspected dural sinus thrombosis and brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which revealed signs of IIH with asymptomatic transcribriform plate intranasal meningocele with a view to underscore the quiddity of IIH in middleaged obese females and also emphasize the need for radiologists to diligently review previous patient’s images where available for possible finding that could contribute to a suspected diagnosis.
{"title":"Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension With Transcribriform Plate Intranasal Meningocele Without Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Case Report","authors":"Khalid Mohamed Abdalla, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Hamza Mustapha Ahmed","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14744","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disorder of unclear pathogenesis occurring commonly in obese women of childbearing age and characterized by increased intracranial pressure in the absence of intracranial space-occupying lesion or cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction. We report a rare case of a middle-aged obese female with intractable headache referred to the department of radiology for neuroimaging on account of suspected dural sinus thrombosis and brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which revealed signs of IIH with asymptomatic transcribriform plate intranasal meningocele with a view to underscore the quiddity of IIH in middleaged obese females and also emphasize the need for radiologists to diligently review previous patient’s images where available for possible finding that could contribute to a suspected diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14722
Yousef Rasmi, Mohammad-Hassan Khadem-Ansari, Neda Valizadeh, Fariba Valipour, M. Nemati, F. Khosravifar, Mahdieh Nemati
Background: Metabolic risk factors play a critical role in metabolic syndrome (MetS), and endothelial dysfunction is important in its development. On the other hand, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has an essential role in MetS. The goal of present study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori infection on endothelial dysfunction in MetS patients. Methods: Based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, 80 MetS patients (59 females and 21 males, mean age: 48.94 ± 10.00 years) were selected. Plasma samples were assayed for H. pylori IgG using the ELISA method. Endothelial function was also evaluated by measuring plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET- 1), E-selectin, and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) using ELISA method. Also, NO2 −− and NO3 −− concentrations were measured by Griess method. Results: Fifty patients (62.5%) had H. pylori infection. Plasma concentrations of ET-1, NO2−−, and NO3−− were significantly higher in MetS patients with positive H. pylori infection than in MetS patients with negative H. pylori infection (ET-1: 2.92 ± 2.33 vs 1.9 ± 1.4 pg/ml; P = 0.037; NO2 −−:19.46 ± 7/11 vs 15.46 ± 4.56 μM; P = 0.003; NO3 −−: 20.8 ± 10.53 vs 16.85 ± 6.03 μM, P = 0.036). However, plasma concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin did not show any significant difference in the two groups. Conclusion: The results showed a relationship between H. pylori infection and endothelial dysfunction. Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to atherosclerosis by causing chronic inflammation and affecting the factors contributing to the MetS.
{"title":"Association of Helicobacter Pylori Infection with Endothelial Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Yousef Rasmi, Mohammad-Hassan Khadem-Ansari, Neda Valizadeh, Fariba Valipour, M. Nemati, F. Khosravifar, Mahdieh Nemati","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14722","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic risk factors play a critical role in metabolic syndrome (MetS), and endothelial dysfunction is important in its development. On the other hand, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has an essential role in MetS. The goal of present study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori infection on endothelial dysfunction in MetS patients. Methods: Based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, 80 MetS patients (59 females and 21 males, mean age: 48.94 ± 10.00 years) were selected. Plasma samples were assayed for H. pylori IgG using the ELISA method. Endothelial function was also evaluated by measuring plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET- 1), E-selectin, and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) using ELISA method. Also, NO2 −− and NO3 −− concentrations were measured by Griess method. Results: Fifty patients (62.5%) had H. pylori infection. Plasma concentrations of ET-1, NO2−−, and NO3−− were significantly higher in MetS patients with positive H. pylori infection than in MetS patients with negative H. pylori infection (ET-1: 2.92 ± 2.33 vs 1.9 ± 1.4 pg/ml; P = 0.037; NO2 −−:19.46 ± 7/11 vs 15.46 ± 4.56 μM; P = 0.003; NO3 −−: 20.8 ± 10.53 vs 16.85 ± 6.03 μM, P = 0.036). However, plasma concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin did not show any significant difference in the two groups. Conclusion: The results showed a relationship between H. pylori infection and endothelial dysfunction. Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to atherosclerosis by causing chronic inflammation and affecting the factors contributing to the MetS.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":" 67","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14719
Muaath Mohammed, Ibrahim A. Ali, Nazik Elmalaika Husain
This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
本文为社论，无摘要。请下载 PDF 或查看 HTML 版文章。
{"title":"Editorial – Confronting Challenges and Proposed Solutions for the Sudan Immunization Program Amid Ongoing Armed Conflict","authors":"Muaath Mohammed, Ibrahim A. Ali, Nazik Elmalaika Husain","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i4.14719","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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