Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12861
Elnaim Bushra Ahmed, Elsir Ali Abu Groun, Babiker Saad Almugadam, Yousif Musa Alobaid Ahmed, Aymen Mudawe Nurain Mudawe, Nassir Abakar Babiker, Nadir Abuzeid
Background: Globally, Streptococcus pharyngitis is a major public health challenge. The current study investigates the prevalence of Streptococcal pyogenes among children under 17 years old in ENT Kosti Teaching Hospital and examines the susceptibility of isolated S. pyogenes strains to commonly used antibiotics.Methods: A total of 384 throat swabs were obtained from children under the age of 17 who attended the Kosti Teaching Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated by conventional microbiology procedures. Each S. pyogenes strain was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Most participants of this study were females 219 (57%) and aged between 5 and 10 years 259 (67.4%). Out of the 384 participants, 134 (34.9%) and 255 (66.4%) suffered from lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia, respectively. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia were more (P 0.05) in the 5–10 age group than those aged 11–16 years. Moreover, 41.4% of the participants were infected by a GAS sore throat. GAS sore throat is significantly associated with lymphadenopathy (AOR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.479–3.815, P 0.000) and tonsil hyperplasia (AOR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.939–5.874, P 0.000). Notably, males (AOR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.549–1.325, P 0.479) and individuals aged 5–10 years (AOR: 0.867, 95% CI: 0.464–1.618, P 0.654) were less likely to have a GAS sore throat. In our study, all isolated strains were sensitive to penicillin. Clindamycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 7 (4.4%), 44 (27.7%), and 47 (29.6%) isolates, respectively.Conclusion: The study displayed the current situation of GAS sore throat in the White Nile state. Penicillin was found to be the effective drug to cure S. tonsillitis but a high rate of resistance to macrolides was noticed which is an alarming sign.
背景:在全球范围内，链球菌性咽炎是一项重大的公共卫生挑战。本研究调查了耳鼻喉科科斯蒂教学医院17岁以下儿童中化脓性链球菌的流行情况，并检查了分离的化脓性链球菌菌株对常用抗生素的敏感性。方法:从2019年至2021年在Kosti教学医院就诊的17岁以下儿童中获得384份咽拭子。采用常规微生物学方法分离化脓性链球菌。根据CLSI指南对每个化脓性葡萄球菌进行抗生素敏感性试验。结果:本研究以女性219例(57%)和5 ~ 10岁259例(67.4%)为主。在384名参与者中，分别有134名(34.9%)和255名(66.4%)患有淋巴结病和扁桃体增生。有趣的是，5-10岁年龄组的淋巴结病变和扁桃体增生比11-16岁年龄组多(P < 0.05)。此外，41.4%的参与者感染了GAS喉咙痛。GAS咽喉痛与淋巴结病变(AOR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.479 ~ 3.815, P 0.000)和扁桃体增生(AOR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.939 ~ 5.874, P 0.000)显著相关。值得注意的是，男性(AOR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.549-1.325, P 0.479)和5-10岁的个体(AOR: 0.867, 95% CI: 0.464-1.618, P 0.654)患气性喉咙痛的可能性较小。在我们的研究中，所有分离的菌株都对青霉素敏感。耐克林霉素7株(4.4%)，耐阿奇霉素44株(27.7%)，耐红霉素47株(29.6%)。结论:本研究显示了白尼罗州GAS咽喉痛的现状。青霉素被发现是治疗扁桃体链球菌的有效药物，但对大环内酯类药物的耐药率很高，这是一个令人担忧的迹象。
{"title":"Epidemiological Aspects and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Subjects with Tonsillitis, Sudan","authors":"Elnaim Bushra Ahmed, Elsir Ali Abu Groun, Babiker Saad Almugadam, Yousif Musa Alobaid Ahmed, Aymen Mudawe Nurain Mudawe, Nassir Abakar Babiker, Nadir Abuzeid","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12861","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, Streptococcus pharyngitis is a major public health challenge. The current study investigates the prevalence of Streptococcal pyogenes among children under 17 years old in ENT Kosti Teaching Hospital and examines the susceptibility of isolated S. pyogenes strains to commonly used antibiotics.Methods: A total of 384 throat swabs were obtained from children under the age of 17 who attended the Kosti Teaching Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated by conventional microbiology procedures. Each S. pyogenes strain was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Most participants of this study were females 219 (57%) and aged between 5 and 10 years 259 (67.4%). Out of the 384 participants, 134 (34.9%) and 255 (66.4%) suffered from lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia, respectively. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia were more (P 0.05) in the 5–10 age group than those aged 11–16 years. Moreover, 41.4% of the participants were infected by a GAS sore throat. GAS sore throat is significantly associated with lymphadenopathy (AOR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.479–3.815, P 0.000) and tonsil hyperplasia (AOR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.939–5.874, P 0.000). Notably, males (AOR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.549–1.325, P 0.479) and individuals aged 5–10 years (AOR: 0.867, 95% CI: 0.464–1.618, P 0.654) were less likely to have a GAS sore throat. In our study, all isolated strains were sensitive to penicillin. Clindamycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 7 (4.4%), 44 (27.7%), and 47 (29.6%) isolates, respectively.Conclusion: The study displayed the current situation of GAS sore throat in the White Nile state. Penicillin was found to be the effective drug to cure S. tonsillitis but a high rate of resistance to macrolides was noticed which is an alarming sign.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134502895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12864
Mohammead Osman Yahya Mohammead, Fahad M Alhowaymel, Mohammed Abdelkrim Adam Abdelmalik, A. Alenezi
Background: This study assesses stakeholders’ awareness level of Cannabis use and the effect of an educational program on their awareness in Kabkabiya city of Sudan.Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted using a pre- and posttest design between July and November 2018. A total of 203 stakeholders were recruited in the study using a convenience sampling technique. First, using a self-reported questionnaire, the pretest data were collected before the intervention. Then, the participants underwent an educational program intervention in the form of lectures and group discussions. At the end of the program, the participants were subjected to the posttest using the same questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results showed a poor to moderate level of awareness about Cannabis use among stakeholders. A statistically significant increase in the stakeholders’ awareness levels was found after the educational program intervention with a large effect size in awareness (z = –12.299, P = 0.001, r = 0.91). The results also showed that the participants who graduated from university had a significantly higher level of awareness than others at pre- and posttests stages (P =< 0.001).Conclusion: The educational program intervention effectively improved stakeholders’ awareness about the risks of Cannabis use. This study suggests providing ongoing health education for the public and focusing on individuals with lower educational levels to increase awareness of the risks of Cannabis use.
背景:本研究评估了苏丹Kabkabiya市利益相关者对大麻使用的认识水平和教育计划对其认识的影响。方法:本研究采用准实验设计，于2018年7月- 11月进行。本研究采用便利抽样技术，共招募了203名利益相关者。首先，使用自我报告的问卷，在干预前收集测试前的数据。然后，参与者以讲座和小组讨论的形式进行教育项目干预。在节目结束时，参与者使用相同的问卷进行了后测。数据分析采用描述性和推断性统计。结果:结果显示，在利益相关者中，对大麻使用的认识水平较差。教育项目干预后，利益相关者的意识水平有统计学意义上的显著提高，意识的效应量很大(z = -12.299, P = 0.001, r = 0.91)。结果还显示，大学毕业的参与者在测试前和测试后阶段的意识水平明显高于其他人(P =< 0.001)。结论:教育项目干预有效提高了利益相关者对大麻使用风险的认识。本研究建议为公众提供持续的健康教育，重点关注受教育程度较低的个人，以提高对使用大麻风险的认识。
{"title":"Effect of an Educational Program on Stakeholders' Awareness About Risks of Cannabis Use in Sudan: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"Mohammead Osman Yahya Mohammead, Fahad M Alhowaymel, Mohammed Abdelkrim Adam Abdelmalik, A. Alenezi","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12864","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study assesses stakeholders’ awareness level of Cannabis use and the effect of an educational program on their awareness in Kabkabiya city of Sudan.Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted using a pre- and posttest design between July and November 2018. A total of 203 stakeholders were recruited in the study using a convenience sampling technique. First, using a self-reported questionnaire, the pretest data were collected before the intervention. Then, the participants underwent an educational program intervention in the form of lectures and group discussions. At the end of the program, the participants were subjected to the posttest using the same questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results showed a poor to moderate level of awareness about Cannabis use among stakeholders. A statistically significant increase in the stakeholders’ awareness levels was found after the educational program intervention with a large effect size in awareness (z = –12.299, P = 0.001, r = 0.91). The results also showed that the participants who graduated from university had a significantly higher level of awareness than others at pre- and posttests stages (P =< 0.001).Conclusion: The educational program intervention effectively improved stakeholders’ awareness about the risks of Cannabis use. This study suggests providing ongoing health education for the public and focusing on individuals with lower educational levels to increase awareness of the risks of Cannabis use.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125556611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12866
Gamal E.H.A. Shallaly, Elfatih M Malik, Mohamed Abdelmonem Ali, Maysa H. M. Hamza, Babikir A. B. Ibrahim, Hassan E.H.M. Ahmed, Mohamed M. I. Elhajahmed, Modather M.E. Salih
Background: Anal fissures and hemorrhoids are common anal conditions. They cause significant morbidity, social embarrassment, and work absenteeism. In addition, they form a significant workload on the healthcare system. Nevertheless, the etiology of these conditions is still contentious. It has been observed that hemorrhoids and anal fissures are associated with prolonged sitting. This study aims to investigate this observation.Methods: This is a case–control study. We compared 81 patients with symptomatic and endoscopically proven hemorrhoids and/or anal fissures with 162 controls with no symptoms or endoscopic evidence of perianal disease. The study was conducted at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital (KNTH) endoscopy unit between January and December 2019. Demographic data, sitting hours per day, and endoscopic findings of patients and controls were recorded in a proforma. The cases and controls were matched for age, sex, and bowel habits. Data were analyzed and compared using the SPSS version 23.Results: The mean sitting hours for cases was 5.99 (SD 3.4) whereas that for controls was 4.0 (SD 3.0) with a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). Sitting for 5 hr or more per day (exposure) was associated with an increased risk of developing hemorrhoids and/or anal fissures [odds ratio 3.68, 95% CI: 2.1–6.47].Conclusion: The study showed that sitting down for 5 hr or more per day might increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids and/or anal fissures. This finding could help in the prevention and treatment of these diseases and the reduction of recurrences.
背景:肛裂和痔疮是常见的肛门疾病。它们会导致严重的发病率、社交尴尬和旷工。此外，他们对医疗保健系统构成了巨大的工作量。然而，这些疾病的病因仍有争议。据观察，痔疮和肛裂与久坐有关。本研究旨在调查这一观察结果。方法:采用病例-对照研究。我们比较了81例经内窥镜证实有症状的痔疮和/或肛裂患者和162例没有症状或内窥镜证实有肛周疾病的对照组。该研究于2019年1月至12月在喀土穆北部教学医院(KNTH)内窥镜检查部门进行。以形式记录了患者和对照组的人口统计数据、每天坐着的时间以及内窥镜检查结果。这些病例和对照组在年龄、性别和排便习惯上都是匹配的。数据分析比较采用SPSS version 23。结果:两组患者平均坐下时间为5.99小时(SD 3.4)，对照组平均坐下时间为4.0小时(SD 3.0)，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.001)。每天坐5小时或更长时间(暴露)与患痔疮和/或肛裂的风险增加相关[优势比3.68,95% CI: 2.1-6.47]。结论:研究表明，每天坐5小时或更长时间可能会增加患痔疮和/或肛裂的风险。这一发现有助于预防和治疗这些疾病，并减少复发率。
{"title":"Is Prolonged Sitting a Risk Factor in Developing Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures?","authors":"Gamal E.H.A. Shallaly, Elfatih M Malik, Mohamed Abdelmonem Ali, Maysa H. M. Hamza, Babikir A. B. Ibrahim, Hassan E.H.M. Ahmed, Mohamed M. I. Elhajahmed, Modather M.E. Salih","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12866","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anal fissures and hemorrhoids are common anal conditions. They cause significant morbidity, social embarrassment, and work absenteeism. In addition, they form a significant workload on the healthcare system. Nevertheless, the etiology of these conditions is still contentious. It has been observed that hemorrhoids and anal fissures are associated with prolonged sitting. This study aims to investigate this observation.Methods: This is a case–control study. We compared 81 patients with symptomatic and endoscopically proven hemorrhoids and/or anal fissures with 162 controls with no symptoms or endoscopic evidence of perianal disease. The study was conducted at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital (KNTH) endoscopy unit between January and December 2019. Demographic data, sitting hours per day, and endoscopic findings of patients and controls were recorded in a proforma. The cases and controls were matched for age, sex, and bowel habits. Data were analyzed and compared using the SPSS version 23.Results: The mean sitting hours for cases was 5.99 (SD 3.4) whereas that for controls was 4.0 (SD 3.0) with a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). Sitting for 5 hr or more per day (exposure) was associated with an increased risk of developing hemorrhoids and/or anal fissures [odds ratio 3.68, 95% CI: 2.1–6.47].Conclusion: The study showed that sitting down for 5 hr or more per day might increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids and/or anal fissures. This finding could help in the prevention and treatment of these diseases and the reduction of recurrences.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128799292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12859
Mohamed H. Ahmed
This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
这是一篇社论，没有摘要。请下载PDF或以HTML格式阅览文章。
{"title":"Editorial – A Glimpse into the Future of Medical Education in Sudan","authors":"Mohamed H. Ahmed","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12859","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115831743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12871
M. Mısırlıoğlu
Osteoma is a slowly growing, asymptomatic, benign osteogenic tumor. An extremely rare case of clavicular parosteal osteoma (PO) is reported. A 46-year-old female patient was treated with marginal resection after an open biopsy for a large, firm symptomatic mass originating from the middle part of the left clavicle, which recurred 25 years after surgery. In the fifth year postoperatively, the patient was followed up with a full range of motion of the left shoulder without any problem in her daily life. In this case report, the clinical course, imaging findings, diagnosis, and long-term results of a rare case of parosteal osteoma recurrence of the clavicle are described for the first time in the literature.
{"title":"Recurrent Solitary Clavicular Parosteal Osteoma 25 Years after Surgical Resection","authors":"M. Mısırlıoğlu","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12871","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoma is a slowly growing, asymptomatic, benign osteogenic tumor. An extremely rare case of clavicular parosteal osteoma (PO) is reported. A 46-year-old female patient was treated with marginal resection after an open biopsy for a large, firm symptomatic mass originating from the middle part of the left clavicle, which recurred 25 years after surgery. In the fifth year postoperatively, the patient was followed up with a full range of motion of the left shoulder without any problem in her daily life. In this case report, the clinical course, imaging findings, diagnosis, and long-term results of a rare case of parosteal osteoma recurrence of the clavicle are described for the first time in the literature.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130307656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12863
Omer E. A. Elbashier, Maab O. A. Ibrahim, Hatoon M. A. Abdalla, Hefa A. I. Elseed, Hiba H. I. Rahama, Yusra A. A. Abbas
Background: Medical students undergo a complex process as a student to make a career decision and pursue further specialization. This study explores the factors that influence the career choices of the two genders studying in the final year of medicine at Omdurman Islamic University.Methods: This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 male and female fifth-year medical students studying at Omdurman Islamic University. The questionnaire contains 15 multiple-choice questions to determine the factors affecting students’ career choices – lifestyle, income, family impact,…etc. – and the association between gender and the specialties they choose to pursue.Results: The specialties were preferred in the following order: surgery by 22.9%, internal medicine by 18.3%, obstetric gynecology by 13.8%, and pediatric by 10% (limited to the four major specialties). The least chosen specialties were histopathology, emergency medicine, psychiatry, and anesthesia (all were 0.9%). Family medicine and forensics were not chosen by any participant. Females significantly preferred dermatology, obstetrics and gynecology, otolaryngology, and pediatrics compared to their male counterparts. Whereas, males compared to females significantly preferred orthopedics and surgery. The factors influencing change in students’ specialties based on their gender were family views and family obligations. Nearly 80% of students choose a career based on personal interest; lifestyle and financial reward were also seen to play an important role in choosing a specialty. About 91% of participants agreed that there is a need for guidance. A great proportion of final-year students (62%) preferred to specialize abroad and related it to a good lifestyle and financial stability.Conclusion: This study showed that the students’ awareness about specialty choices was limited to certain specialties as seen in the literature. The most preferred specialties were surgery (22.9%), internal medicine (18.3%), obstetrics and gynecology (13.8%), and pediatric (10%). There are many factors influencing the selection of specialties, however, the most common one is personal interest followed by lifestyle issues and financial reward. Additionally, there is a significant gender difference in career-choice decisions.
{"title":"Awareness of Final-Year Medical Students of Omdurman Islamic University on Their Career Choices","authors":"Omer E. A. Elbashier, Maab O. A. Ibrahim, Hatoon M. A. Abdalla, Hefa A. I. Elseed, Hiba H. I. Rahama, Yusra A. A. Abbas","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12863","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical students undergo a complex process as a student to make a career decision and pursue further specialization. This study explores the factors that influence the career choices of the two genders studying in the final year of medicine at Omdurman Islamic University.Methods: This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 male and female fifth-year medical students studying at Omdurman Islamic University. The questionnaire contains 15 multiple-choice questions to determine the factors affecting students’ career choices – lifestyle, income, family impact,…etc. – and the association between gender and the specialties they choose to pursue.Results: The specialties were preferred in the following order: surgery by 22.9%, internal medicine by 18.3%, obstetric gynecology by 13.8%, and pediatric by 10% (limited to the four major specialties). The least chosen specialties were histopathology, emergency medicine, psychiatry, and anesthesia (all were 0.9%). Family medicine and forensics were not chosen by any participant. Females significantly preferred dermatology, obstetrics and gynecology, otolaryngology, and pediatrics compared to their male counterparts. Whereas, males compared to females significantly preferred orthopedics and surgery. The factors influencing change in students’ specialties based on their gender were family views and family obligations. Nearly 80% of students choose a career based on personal interest; lifestyle and financial reward were also seen to play an important role in choosing a specialty. About 91% of participants agreed that there is a need for guidance. A great proportion of final-year students (62%) preferred to specialize abroad and related it to a good lifestyle and financial stability.Conclusion: This study showed that the students’ awareness about specialty choices was limited to certain specialties as seen in the literature. The most preferred specialties were surgery (22.9%), internal medicine (18.3%), obstetrics and gynecology (13.8%), and pediatric (10%). There are many factors influencing the selection of specialties, however, the most common one is personal interest followed by lifestyle issues and financial reward. Additionally, there is a significant gender difference in career-choice decisions.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12862
Amani Elgadal, Omaima Nail
Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory problem characterized by a reversible hyper-responsive airway obstruction that is provoked by allergens, infections, or nonspecific triggers. The study aims to assess the coexistence of atopy and allergies among children with asthma.Methods: This single-center study was conducted at Mohamed El-Amin H. Hospital, Sudan. A free online sample size calculator was used. A specially designed form was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0.Results: A total of 300 participants were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 7.46 ± 3.93 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. A total of 215 (71.6%) children had a family history of asthma; atopy was allergic rhinitis in 108 (36%), eczema in 53 (17.7%), food allergy in 38 (14%), and allergic conjunctivitis in 29 (9.7%). A significant association was observed between male gender and family history of asthma, atopy, and coexisting personal history of atopy, P = 0.002, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively. All participants who had atopy had allergic rhinitis; 53 (49%) had atopic dermatitis, 29 (26.8%) had coexisting allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies were found in 38 (35.2%) participants. Common food allergies found were eggplants, fish, cow milk, and banana. Atopy and allergies were common among those who were 6–10 years old, however, only allergic rhinitis was statistically significant with age (P = 0.021).Conclusion: Combined family history of asthma and atopy was common, few had atopy only, and fewer had neither family history nor atopy. Atopy found was allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, eczemas, and food allergy.
{"title":"Estimation of Atopy and Allergies Among Sudanese Children with Asthma","authors":"Amani Elgadal, Omaima Nail","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12862","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory problem characterized by a reversible hyper-responsive airway obstruction that is provoked by allergens, infections, or nonspecific triggers. The study aims to assess the coexistence of atopy and allergies among children with asthma.Methods: This single-center study was conducted at Mohamed El-Amin H. Hospital, Sudan. A free online sample size calculator was used. A specially designed form was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0.Results: A total of 300 participants were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 7.46 ± 3.93 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. A total of 215 (71.6%) children had a family history of asthma; atopy was allergic rhinitis in 108 (36%), eczema in 53 (17.7%), food allergy in 38 (14%), and allergic conjunctivitis in 29 (9.7%). A significant association was observed between male gender and family history of asthma, atopy, and coexisting personal history of atopy, P = 0.002, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively. All participants who had atopy had allergic rhinitis; 53 (49%) had atopic dermatitis, 29 (26.8%) had coexisting allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies were found in 38 (35.2%) participants. Common food allergies found were eggplants, fish, cow milk, and banana. Atopy and allergies were common among those who were 6–10 years old, however, only allergic rhinitis was statistically significant with age (P = 0.021).Conclusion: Combined family history of asthma and atopy was common, few had atopy only, and fewer had neither family history nor atopy. Atopy found was allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, eczemas, and food allergy.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130849803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12872
M. Nemati, F. Danesh Pouya, E. Roshani Asl, Yousef Rasmi
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus named by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. COVID-19 patients have high mortality due to respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by SARS-CoV-2. The abnormal activation of P21-activated kinase (PAK1, RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is reported in COVID-19. The PAK1 induces nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation as well as inflammatory pathways through its stimulation. BAY 11-7082 {(E) 3-[(4-methylphenyl)-sulfonyl]-2-propenenitrile is one of the therapies that inhibit inflammation via mentioned signaling pathway, therefore, we suggest that this drug can potentially be effective in treating COVID-19.
{"title":"BAY 11-7082: An Anti-inflammatory Drug for COVID-19","authors":"M. Nemati, F. Danesh Pouya, E. Roshani Asl, Yousef Rasmi","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v18i1.12872","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus named by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. COVID-19 patients have high mortality due to respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by SARS-CoV-2. The abnormal activation of P21-activated kinase (PAK1, RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is reported in COVID-19. The PAK1 induces nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation as well as inflammatory pathways through its stimulation. BAY 11-7082 {(E) 3-[(4-methylphenyl)-sulfonyl]-2-propenenitrile is one of the therapies that inhibit inflammation via mentioned signaling pathway, therefore, we suggest that this drug can potentially be effective in treating COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125359593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i4.12552
Hammad A. Fadlalmola, Mohammed A. Abdelmalik, Huda Kh. Masaad, Abdalbasit A. Mariod, Abdalla MA. Osman, Eyas G. Osman, Kalthoum I.Yousif, Aisha M. Adam, Sahar A. Ebrahim, Amal M. Elhusein
Background: While treating patients during a pandemic, nurses are at risk of mental health issues caused by the stress they face. This study aimed to examine the degree of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and demographic features and their association with depression and anxiety. Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Sudanese nurses. Data were collected from eligible nurses using a three-part questionnaire: demographic questions, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the major depression index (MDI). We used the Chi-square test and Spearman or point biserial correlation to assess the association between demographics, anxiety, and depression. Results: Two hundred and forty-six nurses from Sudan participated in this study. Around 69.5% of participants experienced mild to severe anxiety, while 26.4% revealed mild to severe depression. We found a significant association between depression and anxiety (P < 0.001). However, we did not find a significant association between depression or anxiety categories and the baseline characteristics of participants. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates high rates of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As we found no association between anxiety and depression with personal characteristics, psychological support should be given to all nurses’ categories as all of them nearly have the same risk for anxiety and depression.
{"title":"Anxiety and Depression Among Sudanese Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Hammad A. Fadlalmola, Mohammed A. Abdelmalik, Huda Kh. Masaad, Abdalbasit A. Mariod, Abdalla MA. Osman, Eyas G. Osman, Kalthoum I.Yousif, Aisha M. Adam, Sahar A. Ebrahim, Amal M. Elhusein","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i4.12552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i4.12552","url":null,"abstract":"Background: While treating patients during a pandemic, nurses are at risk of mental health issues caused by the stress they face. This study aimed to examine the degree of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and demographic features and their association with depression and anxiety. Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Sudanese nurses. Data were collected from eligible nurses using a three-part questionnaire: demographic questions, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the major depression index (MDI). We used the Chi-square test and Spearman or point biserial correlation to assess the association between demographics, anxiety, and depression. Results: Two hundred and forty-six nurses from Sudan participated in this study. Around 69.5% of participants experienced mild to severe anxiety, while 26.4% revealed mild to severe depression. We found a significant association between depression and anxiety (P < 0.001). However, we did not find a significant association between depression or anxiety categories and the baseline characteristics of participants. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates high rates of anxiety and depression among Sudanese nurses throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As we found no association between anxiety and depression with personal characteristics, psychological support should be given to all nurses’ categories as all of them nearly have the same risk for anxiety and depression.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122034149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i4.12554
Manal SA Hakami
Background: Women’s awareness and beliefs about breast cancer in Saudi Arabia were not fully investigated. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess women’s awareness and beliefs toward breast cancer in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study; it was conducted among women attending the Women and Child Care Center at Alawi Royal Mall in Alaqiq for mammogram screening of breast cancer. A convenient sampling technique was used; it included women who attended the center in the period from September 2021 to December 2021, and who agreed to participate. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of questions on awareness and beliefs toward breast cancer. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The current study showed that the level of awareness in women was high toward breast cancer general information (42.9%), the meaning of malignancy (54.3%), and ways for detecting breast cancer (42.9%), it was also shown that they had fair awareness on myths related to breast cancer (45.7%), and signs and symptoms of breast cancer (51.4%). The study also showed that the women have a high level of beliefs toward breast cancer health services (48.6%), the ability of breast cancer to be prevalent in some families (45.7%), the ways of breast cancer self-detection (34.3%), and mammogram role in early detection of breast cancer (34.3%). It was found that the occupation of women and women’s level of education significantly improved the awareness in women. It was shown that the occupation of women and their level of education were significantly related to the level of beliefs toward breast cancer (21.4%) compared to 16.7% for women working in the private sectors. Conclusion: Women in Al-Baha have a high level of awareness and beliefs about breast cancer. The occupation of women and women’s level of education are associated with a high level of awareness and beliefs toward breast cancer.
{"title":"Women’s Awareness and Beliefs of Breast Cancer at Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Manal SA Hakami","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i4.12554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i4.12554","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women’s awareness and beliefs about breast cancer in Saudi Arabia were not fully investigated. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess women’s awareness and beliefs toward breast cancer in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study; it was conducted among women attending the Women and Child Care Center at Alawi Royal Mall in Alaqiq for mammogram screening of breast cancer. A convenient sampling technique was used; it included women who attended the center in the period from September 2021 to December 2021, and who agreed to participate. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of questions on awareness and beliefs toward breast cancer. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The current study showed that the level of awareness in women was high toward breast cancer general information (42.9%), the meaning of malignancy (54.3%), and ways for detecting breast cancer (42.9%), it was also shown that they had fair awareness on myths related to breast cancer (45.7%), and signs and symptoms of breast cancer (51.4%). The study also showed that the women have a high level of beliefs toward breast cancer health services (48.6%), the ability of breast cancer to be prevalent in some families (45.7%), the ways of breast cancer self-detection (34.3%), and mammogram role in early detection of breast cancer (34.3%). It was found that the occupation of women and women’s level of education significantly improved the awareness in women. It was shown that the occupation of women and their level of education were significantly related to the level of beliefs toward breast cancer (21.4%) compared to 16.7% for women working in the private sectors. Conclusion: Women in Al-Baha have a high level of awareness and beliefs about breast cancer. The occupation of women and women’s level of education are associated with a high level of awareness and beliefs toward breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122120412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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