Purpose: In our study, we aimed to compare the performance of the BacT/Alert 3D (bioMerieux, France) system, which is currently used in our laboratory, and the Autobio BC (Autobio, China) system, which was newly introduced in our country, using standard and clinical isolates.
Methods: Bacterial suspension was prepared by two technicians on the same day and three consecutive days from five different standard strains with 0.5 McFarland turbidity, then serial dilution to a final concentration was adjusted and was simultaneously inoculated in aerobic blood culture bottles. The bacterial concentration was measured by making a quantitative counting plate. The same procedure was also performed for 55 clinical isolates belonging to eleven species. After simulated bacteremia with standard and clinical isolates, the growth results were confirmed by inoculation from positive blood culture bottles onto solid medium and identification was made in the next day with MALDI-TOF MS (bioMérieux). In each study, sterile saline and blood was inoculated into the bottles as a negative control to check contamination. Intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility of recovery rates and detection times of standard strains; recovery rates and detection times of clinical isolates were compared for both systems.
Results: Recovery rates were 100 % in both systems, and when positive detection times were compared, it was found that there was no difference between the two devices in clinical isolates (p:0.262) but that Autobio BC gave significantly (p < 0.001) earlier results in standard strains.
Conclusions: In our simulated bloodstream infection study, Autobio BC was found to be comparable with BacT/Alert 3D, both recovery rates and growth detection time performance were found to be very good, and it can be used in routine microbiology laboratories.
目的：我们的研究旨在使用标准菌株和临床分离菌株，比较我们实验室目前使用的 BacT/Alert 3D（法国生物梅里埃公司）系统和我国新引进的 Autobio BC（中国 Autobio 公司）系统的性能：细菌悬液由两名技术人员在同一天和连续三天从五种不同的标准菌株中制备，浊度为 0.5 McFarland，然后连续稀释至最终浓度并同时接种到需氧血液培养瓶中。通过制作定量计数板测量细菌浓度。对属于 11 个菌种的 55 个临床分离菌也进行了同样的处理。用标准菌和临床分离菌模拟菌血症后，将阳性血液培养瓶接种到固体培养基上，确认生长结果，第二天用 MALDI-TOF MS（生物梅里埃）进行鉴定。在每项研究中，都将无菌生理盐水和血液接种到瓶中作为阴性对照，以检查污染情况。比较了两种系统对标准菌株的回收率和检测时间、临床分离菌株的回收率和检测时间的测定内和测定间重现性：结果：两种系统的回收率均为 100%，在比较阳性检测时间时发现，两种设备对临床分离菌株的检测时间没有差异（p:0.262），但 Autobio BC 的检测时间明显（pConclusions）：在我们的模拟血流感染研究中发现，Autobio BC 与 BacT/Alert 3D 的性能相当，回收率和生长检测时间的表现都很好，可用于常规微生物实验室。
{"title":"Comparison of intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility and positive detection times of two different (BacT/Alert 3D and Autobio BC) commercial blood culture systems.","authors":"Nilgün Kansak, Nilay Zeynep Kalender, Neslihan Arıcı, Rıza Adaleti, Sebahat Aksaray, Handan Ankaralı, Nevriye Gönüllü","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In our study, we aimed to compare the performance of the BacT/Alert 3D (bioMerieux, France) system, which is currently used in our laboratory, and the Autobio BC (Autobio, China) system, which was newly introduced in our country, using standard and clinical isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bacterial suspension was prepared by two technicians on the same day and three consecutive days from five different standard strains with 0.5 McFarland turbidity, then serial dilution to a final concentration was adjusted and was simultaneously inoculated in aerobic blood culture bottles. The bacterial concentration was measured by making a quantitative counting plate. The same procedure was also performed for 55 clinical isolates belonging to eleven species. After simulated bacteremia with standard and clinical isolates, the growth results were confirmed by inoculation from positive blood culture bottles onto solid medium and identification was made in the next day with MALDI-TOF MS (bioMérieux). In each study, sterile saline and blood was inoculated into the bottles as a negative control to check contamination. Intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility of recovery rates and detection times of standard strains; recovery rates and detection times of clinical isolates were compared for both systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recovery rates were 100 % in both systems, and when positive detection times were compared, it was found that there was no difference between the two devices in clinical isolates (p:0.262) but that Autobio BC gave significantly (p < 0.001) earlier results in standard strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our simulated bloodstream infection study, Autobio BC was found to be comparable with BacT/Alert 3D, both recovery rates and growth detection time performance were found to be very good, and it can be used in routine microbiology laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are increasing worldwide. The study was conducted in a microbiological laboratory of Bangladesh to determine the pattern of detection of RGM from clinical samples.
Methods: All laboratory culture records of RGM from 2012 to 2022 were collected retrospectively and analyzed.
Results: A total 62 RGM infected patients with surgical site infection (74.1%), injection site and skin abscess (9.7%), septicemia (4.8%) and UTI (1.6%) were identified. The annual isolation frequency of RGM increased 4.8% to 29.1% in between year 2012 and 2022. RGM infected patients (14.5%) were mistakenly treated with first line anti tubercular drug before correct microbiological diagnosis (median, IQR; 3, 2-5 months). Out of 23 RGM isolates, 86.9% were M. abscessus and rest 13.1% were M. fortuitum. Most of them (≥95%) were sensitive to amikacin, linezolid, clarithromycin where as 27.1% to imipenem and ciprofloxacin, 40% to cefoxitin, 35.3% and 1.7% to doxycycline and co-trimoxazole respectively.
Conclusion: Misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis and erroneous treatment with first line anti tubercular drug may cause prolong morbidity and therapeutic failure to patients with RGM infection. So, early and appropriate diagnosis is crucial for successful outcome.
{"title":"Pattern of Rapidly growing Mycobacteria (RGM) species isolated from clinical samples: A 10-year retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.","authors":"Lovely Barai, Mili Rani Saha, Tanjila Rahman, Marium Sukanya, Jannatul Ferdous, Adeeba Khanduker, Rokibul Hasan, TasfiaTasnim Nova","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are increasing worldwide. The study was conducted in a microbiological laboratory of Bangladesh to determine the pattern of detection of RGM from clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All laboratory culture records of RGM from 2012 to 2022 were collected retrospectively and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total 62 RGM infected patients with surgical site infection (74.1%), injection site and skin abscess (9.7%), septicemia (4.8%) and UTI (1.6%) were identified. The annual isolation frequency of RGM increased 4.8% to 29.1% in between year 2012 and 2022. RGM infected patients (14.5%) were mistakenly treated with first line anti tubercular drug before correct microbiological diagnosis (median, IQR; 3, 2-5 months). Out of 23 RGM isolates, 86.9% were M. abscessus and rest 13.1% were M. fortuitum. Most of them (≥95%) were sensitive to amikacin, linezolid, clarithromycin where as 27.1% to imipenem and ciprofloxacin, 40% to cefoxitin, 35.3% and 1.7% to doxycycline and co-trimoxazole respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis and erroneous treatment with first line anti tubercular drug may cause prolong morbidity and therapeutic failure to patients with RGM infection. So, early and appropriate diagnosis is crucial for successful outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"100756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hospital acquired infections are the most common non-cardiac complications after cardiac surgery. Organisms commonly found in this cohort of patients include Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp etc. We hereby present a case of post cardiac surgery patient presenting with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection. Combination of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam(AT) was used as inactivity was exhibited to primary panel of drugs. Broth disc elution testing was done to exhibit synergy between CZA and AT. This case highlights the growing need for active interaction between the treating physician and the microbiologist.
{"title":"Testing new waters in management of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia blood stream infection in a post cardiac surgery patient","authors":"Ekadashi Rajni , Ashish Sharma , Kriti Goyal , Divyansh Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital acquired infections are the most common non-cardiac complications after cardiac surgery. Organisms commonly found in this cohort of patients include <em>Klebsiella</em> spp<em>, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas</em> spp<em>, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> spp etc. We hereby present a case of post cardiac surgery patient presenting with <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> bloodstream infection. Combination of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam(AT) was used as inactivity was exhibited to primary panel of drugs. Broth disc elution testing was done to exhibit synergy between CZA and AT. This case highlights the growing need for active interaction between the treating physician and the microbiologist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100752
Abdul Nafey Kazi , Muzeer Ahmed , Muhammad Arsalan Wasim , Lubna Iqbal Abbasi , Fivzia Farooq Herekar , Muhammad Junaid Patel
Pakistan is endemic to several bacterial, parasitic and viral infections including tuberculosis, malaria and dengue that account for a high rate of mortality each year. These different types of infections can occur through various routes of transmission and concurrently in individuals, especially in immunocompromised but rarely among immunocompetent. We report a case of a 25 year old immunocompetent female who was admitted with an initial diagnosis of dengue fever and diagnosed as having co-infection of COVID-19 and Brucella leading to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). She was managed for all three infections and complications simultaneously.
{"title":"A vector borne, airborne and food borne infection with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis: Case of triple infections in an immuno-competent patient","authors":"Abdul Nafey Kazi , Muzeer Ahmed , Muhammad Arsalan Wasim , Lubna Iqbal Abbasi , Fivzia Farooq Herekar , Muhammad Junaid Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pakistan is endemic to several bacterial, parasitic and viral infections including tuberculosis, malaria and dengue that account for a high rate of mortality each year. These different types of infections can occur through various routes of transmission and concurrently in individuals, especially in immunocompromised but rarely among immunocompetent. We report a case of a <strong>25 year old</strong> immunocompetent female who was admitted with an initial diagnosis of dengue fever and diagnosed as having co-infection of COVID-19 and Brucella leading to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). She was managed for all three infections and complications simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fasciolopsiasis caused by Fasciolopsis buski, is a significant cause of morbidity. In the present study F. buski detected during endoscopy of a 50-year-old male patient form Uttar Pradesh, India was used for phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA and ITS2 regions. The parasite was genetically similar to an isolate of pig from Meghalaya. The intra-species genetic variation for 28S rDNA was 1–3% (India), 5% (Vietnam) and for ITS2, 1–2% (India) while 17 % from Vietnam. Thus, F. buski from humans or pigs from India were closely related than those from Vietnam and China which were grouped into separate clades.
{"title":"Fasciolopsis buski isolated from human host, India has distinct clade based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences","authors":"Sandhya Chaurasiya , Aradhana Singh , Anurag Tiwari , Tuhina Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fasciolopsiasis caused by <em>Fasciolopsis buski</em>, is a significant cause of morbidity. In the present study <em>F. buski</em> detected during endoscopy of a 50-year-old male patient form Uttar Pradesh, India was used for phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA and ITS2 regions. The parasite was genetically similar to an isolate of pig from Meghalaya. The intra-species genetic variation for 28S rDNA was 1–3% (India), 5% (Vietnam) and for ITS2, 1–2% (India) while 17 % from Vietnam. Thus, <em>F. buski</em> from humans or pigs from India were closely related than those from Vietnam and China which were grouped into separate clades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100750
G. Vithiya , G. Rajalakshmi Preethi , P. Shunmuga Sundaram , T. Rajendran
A retrospective review of culture confirmed musculoskeletal melioidosis reported between December 2014 and February 2024 was conducted. 22 of 100 patients with culture proven melioidosis infection had musculoskeletal involvement. Median age was 47 years with 95.4 % being males. Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and septic arthritis along with adjacent osteomyelitis were observed in 12, 9 and 4 cases respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem and susceptible increased exposure to ceftazidime, doxycycline and cotrimoxazole. Twelve patients underwent surgical procedures. Four patients who died due to septicemia had multisystem involvement with positive blood cultures.
{"title":"Musculoskeletal melioidosis-a retrospective review of 22 cases from a tertiary care centre in South Tamilnadu","authors":"G. Vithiya , G. Rajalakshmi Preethi , P. Shunmuga Sundaram , T. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A retrospective review of culture confirmed musculoskeletal melioidosis reported between December 2014 and February 2024 was conducted. 22 of 100 patients with culture proven melioidosis infection had musculoskeletal involvement. Median age was 47 years with 95.4 % being males. Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and septic arthritis along with adjacent osteomyelitis were observed in 12, 9 and 4 cases respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem and susceptible increased exposure to ceftazidime, doxycycline and cotrimoxazole. Twelve patients underwent surgical procedures. Four patients who died due to septicemia had multisystem involvement with positive blood cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100751
G. Vithiya , Preethi G. Rajalakshmi , P Shunmuga Sundaram , T. Rajendran
Neurologic melioidosis warrants attention in view of its rarity and lethal consequences. We performed a retrospective review of culture confirmed neurologic melioidosis reported between 2017 and 2023. Thirteen patients were identified with median age 43 years and all but three were males. Brain parenchyma was involved in 57 % cases (7/13) as cerebritis, encephalitis and macro abscess or micro abscess. Three patients had myelitis with spinal cord micro abscess and cerebral venous thrombosis in three other patients. Five patients died during hospitalization. Two were discharged against medical advice due to financial constraints. Six survivors were followed between one and eight months.
{"title":"Neuromelioidosis – A retrospective review of thirteen cases from a tertiary care centre from South India","authors":"G. Vithiya , Preethi G. Rajalakshmi , P Shunmuga Sundaram , T. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurologic melioidosis warrants attention in view of its rarity and lethal consequences. We performed a retrospective review of culture confirmed neurologic melioidosis reported between 2017 and 2023. Thirteen patients were identified with median age 43 years and all but three were males. Brain parenchyma was involved in 57 % cases (7/13) as cerebritis, encephalitis and macro abscess or micro abscess. Three patients had myelitis with spinal cord micro abscess and cerebral venous thrombosis in three other patients. Five patients died during hospitalization. Two were discharged against medical advice due to financial constraints. Six survivors were followed between one and eight months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, we determine the synergistic activity of ertapenem with cefazolin and flucloxacillin against type A beta-lactamase producing Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolate. In the time kill assay, at standard inoculum, ertapenem with cefazolin showed >1 log kill and ertapenem with flucloxacillin demonstrated >2 log kill. When tested at high inoculum, both combinations achieved >1 log kill at 1x MIC.
在本研究中，我们确定了厄他培南与头孢唑啉和氟氯西林对产生甲氧西林敏感性金黄色葡萄球菌的 A 型β-内酰胺酶的协同活性。在时间杀灭试验中，在标准接种量下，厄他培南与头孢唑啉的杀灭率大于 1 log，厄他培南与氟氯西林的杀灭率大于 2 log。在高接种量下进行测试时，这两种组合在 1x MIC 时的杀灭率均大于 1 log。
{"title":"Synergistic approach of ertapenem and flucloxacillin or cefazolin for addressing persistent methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","authors":"Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam , Rajiv Karthik , Anand Ashok , Kamini Walia (Scientist G) , Harathi Ragothaman , Soniya Krishnamoorthy , Yuvasri Manokaran , Balaji Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, we determine the synergistic activity of ertapenem with cefazolin and flucloxacillin against type A beta-lactamase producing Methicillin susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolate. In the time kill assay, at standard inoculum, ertapenem with cefazolin showed >1 log kill and ertapenem with flucloxacillin demonstrated >2 log kill. When tested at high inoculum, both combinations achieved >1 log kill at 1x MIC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First isolated in 1965 from a case of febrile encephalopathy, the Chandipura virus (CHPV) causes sporadic cases as well as periodic outbreaks of encephalitis in parts of India. Transmitted by sandflies and mosquitoes, CHPV infection has high mortality within 48 h of hospitalization, with children bearing the brunt of the illness. The virus garnered global attention in the middle of 2024 as India witnessed its largest outbreak in the last two decades.
Objective
This article aims to synthesise the existing knowledge on various aspects of CHPV and outline current actions needed as well as potential directions for future research.
Content
Between early June and August 15th, 2024, India reported 245 cases of encephalitis from the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan, 64 of which were laboratory-confirmed CHPV infections. The mortality toll of the outbreak was 82, accounting for a case fatality rate of 33 %. With this outbreak, the virus has expanded its niche from central and southern to north-western India. Significant advancements in the understanding of the neuropathogenesis of the virus and the development of diagnostic assays have been made in the 21st century. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available. A G-protein-based recombinant vaccine and an inactivated vaccine have shown favourable results in pre-clinical trials. The need of the hour is to fast-track the development of an effective vaccine. A high suspicion for early identification and prompt referral of cases, decentralized diagnostic facilities, sensitization of healthcare workers, integrated vector management and effective reporting and surveillance systems are all needed to curb the menace of this perilous pathogen. The current outbreak should serve as a wake-up call to foster intersectoral collaboration between policymakers, public health experts, epidemiologists, virologists, neurologists, paediatricians, and anthropologists to develop and implement effective strategies against the virus.
{"title":"Chandipura virus resurgence: Insights from Indian outbreaks and the path forward","authors":"Rahul Garg , Abhijit Kumar Prasad , Pragya Agarwala","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>First isolated in 1965 from a case of febrile encephalopathy, the Chandipura virus (CHPV) causes sporadic cases as well as periodic outbreaks of encephalitis in parts of India. Transmitted by sandflies and mosquitoes, CHPV infection has high mortality within 48 h of hospitalization, with children bearing the brunt of the illness. The virus garnered global attention in the middle of 2024 as India witnessed its largest outbreak in the last two decades.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This article aims to synthesise the existing knowledge on various aspects of CHPV and outline current actions needed as well as potential directions for future research.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>Between early June and August 15th, 2024, India reported 245 cases of encephalitis from the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan, 64 of which were laboratory-confirmed CHPV infections. The mortality toll of the outbreak was 82, accounting for a case fatality rate of 33 %. With this outbreak, the virus has expanded its niche from central and southern to north-western India. Significant advancements in the understanding of the neuropathogenesis of the virus and the development of diagnostic assays have been made in the 21st century. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available. A G-protein-based recombinant vaccine and an inactivated vaccine have shown favourable results in pre-clinical trials. The need of the hour is to fast-track the development of an effective vaccine. A high suspicion for early identification and prompt referral of cases, decentralized diagnostic facilities, sensitization of healthcare workers, integrated vector management and effective reporting and surveillance systems are all needed to curb the menace of this perilous pathogen. The current outbreak should serve as a wake-up call to foster intersectoral collaboration between policymakers, public health experts, epidemiologists, virologists, neurologists, paediatricians, and anthropologists to develop and implement effective strategies against the virus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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