Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

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Aims and Scope 目标及范围

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0255-0857(25)00227-0

引用次数: 0

Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of fosfomycin susceptibility in urinary pathogens isolated from pregnant women in North India 印度北部孕妇尿路病原菌磷霉素敏感性的表型和基因型分析

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101005

Nandini Mishra , Sheetal Verma , Vimala Venkatesh , R.K. Kalyan , Rashmi , Upma Singh , Anjoo Agarwaj

Purpose

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent in pregnancy and may contribute to problems including pyelonephritis, premature labour, and low birth weight. Rising antimicrobial resistance has impacted the efficiency of conventional oral antibiotics, emphasising the significance of alternatives, such as fosfomycin. To determine the frequency of fosfomycin resistance in uropathogens isolated from pregnant women, evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility, and identify fosA and fosA3 resistance genes.

Methods

A prospective, hospital-based investigation was conducted that included midstream urine samples from 250 pregnant women were processed using conventional microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Agar dilution was used to estimate fosfomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). PCR was used to identify the fosA and fosA3 genes in phenotypically resistant isolates.

Results

Out of 250 samples, 118 (47.2 %) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (35.9 %) was the most common isolate, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.4 %) and Enterococcus faecalis (19.2 %). Resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate was found to be high. Fosfomycin showed 96.2 % susceptibility by disc diffusion. MIC analysis indicated that the majority of E. coli and Enterococcus isolates had low MICs. No fosA or fosA3 genes were found in resistant isolates, suggesting that resistance is due to non-plasmid processes.

Conclusions

Fosfomycin remains effective against uropathogens in pregnant women, with no plasmid-mediated resistance found in this North Indian cohort. Its single-dose administration provides a compliance benefit, particularly in low-resource prenatal care settings. Continued regional surveillance and antimicrobial management are required to maintain its effectiveness and guide empirical treatment throughout pregnancy.

目的：尿路感染（uti）在怀孕期间很普遍，可能导致肾盂肾炎、早产和低出生体重等问题。不断增加的抗菌素耐药性影响了传统口服抗生素的效率，强调了磷霉素等替代品的重要性。目的：测定孕妇尿路分离病原菌对磷霉素的耐药频率，评估其药敏，鉴定fosA和fosA3耐药基因。方法：一项前瞻性的、以医院为基础的调查进行，其中包括250名孕妇的中游尿液样本，使用传统的微生物学方法进行处理。采用Kirby-Bauer盘片扩散法测定药敏。琼脂稀释法测定磷霉素最低抑制浓度（mic）。采用PCR方法鉴定了表型抗性菌株的fosA和fosA3基因。结果：250份样本中，有118份（47.2%）存在明显的细菌尿。大肠杆菌（35.9%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（24.4%）和粪肠球菌（19.2%）是最常见的分离菌。发现对氨苄西林和阿莫西林-克拉维酸的耐药性很高。盘片扩散法对磷霉素的敏感性为96.2%。MIC分析表明，大多数分离的大肠杆菌和肠球菌具有低MIC。在耐药菌株中未发现fosA或fosA3基因，表明耐药是由于非质粒过程。结论：磷霉素对孕妇尿路病原体仍然有效，在这个北印度队列中没有发现质粒介导的耐药性。它的单剂量管理提供了依从性的好处，特别是在低资源产前护理设置。需要继续进行区域监测和抗微生物药物管理，以保持其有效性并指导整个妊娠期间的经验性治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment of patients with melioidosis in Tamil Nadu, India 印度泰米尔纳德邦类鼻疽患者环境中假马利氏伯克氏菌的鉴定

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101004

G. Vithiya , D.T. Rajendran , M. Srividya , M. Shagana , Shobana Devi , M. Pavithra , R. Sivaganesa Karthikeyan , R. Haribalaganesh

Environmental surveillance of Burkholderia pseudomallei in India is limited, with sparse data from non-coastal regions. This study aimed to detect B. pseudomallei in soil collected near the residences of culture-confirmed melioidosis patients in southern India using molecular methods. A total of 50 soil samples were collected from a depth of 30 cm around the homes of five melioidosis patients in Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu. Soil DNA was extracted and analyzed using conventional PCR targeting the TTS1 gene cluster of B. pseudomallei. Two(4 %) of 50 soil samples tested were positive for B. pseudomallei by PCR.

印度对假马利氏伯克霍尔德菌的环境监测是有限的，来自非沿海地区的数据很少。本研究旨在利用分子方法在印度南部培养确诊的类鼻疽患者住所附近采集的土壤中检测假芽孢杆菌。在泰米尔纳德邦Sivagangai地区，从5名类鼻疽病患者家周围30厘米深处采集了50份土壤样本。以假芽孢杆菌TTS1基因簇为目标，提取土壤DNA并进行常规PCR分析。50份土壤样品中2份（4%）PCR阳性。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Dissemination of multidrug-resistant community-associated MRSA and emergence of LA-MRSA, in a healthcare setting” [Indian J Med Microbiol 54 (2025) 100810] “耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的分子特征：多药耐药社区相关MRSA的传播和LA-MRSA的出现，在医疗环境中”[J].医学微生物学报，54(2025)100810。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100942

Vijayan Priya, S. Nagarathna, Kumari HB. Veena

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Strategically reducing carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii through PDCA cycle-driven antibiotic management” [Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, (48), March–April 2024, 100527] “通过PDCA循环驱动的抗生素管理策略减少耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌”[印度医学微生物学杂志，（48），2024,100527]。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100943

引用次数: 0

Aeromonas dhakensis - A red alert in blood cultures! 达肯气单胞菌——血液培养红色警报！

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101002

Shobha Prasada , Ethel Suman , Pooja Rao , Swaraj Dutta , Sathish B. Rao , Suchitra Shenoy

Although Aeromonas dhakensis has recently been reported as an important human pathogen, it is still less frequently identified in comparison to Aeromonas hydrophila or Aeromonas caviae, due to the problem of identification in certain automated systems.

This case report provides an impetus to identify and report this organism as soon as possible. Further studies on this organism's virulence and pathogenic mechanism, especially in healthcare settings, are warranted.

虽然最近有报道称达肯气单胞菌是一种重要的人类病原体，但由于某些自动化系统的识别问题，与嗜水气单胞菌或洞穴气单胞菌相比，它的识别频率仍然较低。该病例报告为尽快发现和报告这种微生物提供了动力。进一步研究这种生物的毒力和致病机制，特别是在医疗机构，是必要的。

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the present scenario of last resort antimicrobial resistance with special emphasis on colistin at a tertiary care hospital in India 评估印度一家三级保健医院最后抗微生物药物耐药性的现状，特别强调粘菌素。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101001

Nupur Pal , Raja Ray, Suhita Sur , Ujjaini Roy, Wasim Mallick, Shreya Saha

Introduction

Recently, Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a major threat worldwide. Due to the frequent use of last-resort antimicrobials, the emergence of carbapenem and tigecycline-resistant strains has become more common in the hospital environment. This has impelled to the inclusion of colistin against MDR bacteria. This study evaluates the resistance pattern to last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, tigecycline, and colistin, as well as compares the VITEK-2 MIC result of colistin with the broth microdilution method (BMD).

Methodology

Among the total 250 MDR-GNB strains selected from 1789 isolates, resistance to carbapenem, tigecycline, and colistin was reevaluated by the VITEK2 automated system. After excluding intrinsic resistance colistin bacteria, 158 isolates were further tested by the broth microdilution method for colistin and compared statistically with VITEK-2AST results.

Result

In this study, resistance to carbapenem was the highest (Imipenem 65.5 %, Meropenem 62.7 %), followed by Tigecycline 31.1 % and Colistin 11.1 %. The comparison of BMD with the VITEK-2 AST showed comparable results in terms of resistant and intermediate strains. In this study, Essential Agreement (EA), Categorical Agreement (CA), Very Major Error (VME), and Major Error (ME) were 88.60 %, 98.10 %, 1.26 %, and 0.63 % respectively. The CA, VME, and ME were within the accepted range as per CLSI, except for the EA. Here, the Essential disagreement was basically MIC value differences, which were mostly within interpretative ranges.

Conclusion

Colistin-resistant strains are on the rise in India. In resource-limited countries and in life-threatening conditions, VITEK-2 may be employed as a viable substitute for colistin AST.

近年来，耐多药细菌（MDR）已成为世界范围内的主要威胁。由于经常使用最后的抗菌素，碳青霉烯类和替加环素耐药菌株的出现在医院环境中变得更加常见。这促使了抗耐多药细菌的粘菌素的加入。本研究评估了对碳青霉烯类、替加环素和粘菌素等最后手段抗生素的耐药模式，并将粘菌素的VITEK-2 MIC结果与肉汤微量稀释法（BMD）进行了比较。方法：从1789株菌株中选择250株耐多药gnb菌株，采用VITEK2自动化系统对碳青霉烯类、替加环素和粘菌素的耐药性进行重新评估。排除内源性耐药粘菌素后，对158株分离株进行肉汤微量稀释法粘菌素检测，并与VITEK-2AST结果进行统计学比较。结果：本组患者对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药率最高（亚胺培南65.5%，美罗培南62.7%），其次为替加环素31.1%，粘菌素11.1%。BMD与VITEK-2 AST的比较在耐药菌株和中间菌株方面显示出相似的结果。本研究中基本一致（EA）、绝对一致（CA）、非常重大错误（VME）和重大错误（ME）分别为88.60%、98.10%、1.26%、0.63%。根据CLSI， CA、VME和ME均在可接受范围内，EA除外。这里的主要分歧基本上是MIC值差异，这些差异大多在可解释范围内。结论：粘菌素耐药菌株在印度呈上升趋势。在资源有限的国家和危及生命的情况下，VITEK-2可作为粘菌素AST的可行替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Anaerobic enrichment revealing Bacillus cereus from intracardiac tissue: A diagnostic reminder 厌氧富集显示心内组织蜡样芽孢杆菌：诊断提示。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101000

Tanu Sagar , Vrushali Patwardhan , Shikhir Malhotra , Deepak Suresh Kumar , Pradeep Ramakrishnan , Nishant Verma

引用次数: 0

Temporal burden of WHO Critical-priority Enterobacteriaceae in the infant gut during early life influenced by maternal postpartum antibiotic exposure 受产妇产后抗生素暴露影响的婴儿早期肠道中WHO重点肠杆菌科的时间负担

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100999

Saahithya Mahesh , Vidya Rajesh , Vignesh Shetty , Ankur Mutreja , Asha Hegde , Veena G. Kamath , Manjula A. Kunder , Shrikiran Aroor , Thandavarayan Ramamurthy , Shruti R. Pai , Mamatha Ballal

Purpose

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the gut microbiome progressively evolves during infancy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of WHO Critical Priority Enterobacteriaceae in infants’ gut commensals and investigate the factors associated with the development of AMR.

Methods

Stool samples were collected from 67 infants at birth, 6-weeks and 14-weeks. E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter species were isolated and tested for susceptibility to 22 antibiotics and screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Chi-square test and logistic regression tests were performed to evaluate the influence of clinical and demographic factors on the carriage of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Results

Of the 67 infants, stool samples from 38 infants (58.4 %) yielded 200 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae across three-timepoints. E. coli was predominant at 6-weeks (53%) and 14-weeks (63%). Cephalosporin resistance peaked at 6-weeks, with E. coli showing the highest resistance to 3^rd (43%) and 4^th (38%) generation cephalosporins. ESBL production was highest at 6-weeks, with 40% of E. coli producing ESBL, and 34% of infants carrying ESBL-producing strains. Maternal postpartum cephalosporin use significantly increased the likelihood of infants carrying cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (p-value = 0.001; OR: 10.4; 95% CI: 2.31–46.83), ESBL-producers (p-value = 0.009), and multidrug-resistant isolates (p-value = 0.027).

Conclusion

These findings highlight that cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonize the infant gut as early as 6-weeks, with maternal postpartum antibiotic exposure playing a significant role. Understanding these early-life drivers of AMR could help inform strategies to mitigate AMR spread in vulnerable populations.

目的：肠道微生物组的抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）在婴儿期逐渐演变。本研究旨在评估婴儿肠道共生菌中WHO关键优先肠杆菌科的患病率，并探讨与AMR发展相关的因素。方法：对67例出生时、6周龄和14周龄婴儿进行粪便标本采集。分离大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和肠杆菌，对22种抗生素进行了药敏试验，并筛选了广谱β -内酰胺酶（ESBL）的产生。采用卡方检验和logistic回归检验评价临床和人口统计学因素对耐药肠杆菌科细菌携带的影响。结果：在67名婴儿中，38名婴儿（58.4%）的粪便样本在三个时间点上分离出200株肠杆菌科分离株。大肠杆菌在6周（53%）和14周（63%）时占优势。头孢菌素耐药性在6周时达到高峰，大肠杆菌对第3代（43%）和第4代（38%）头孢菌素的耐药性最高。6周时ESBL产量最高，40%的大肠杆菌产生ESBL， 34%的婴儿携带产生ESBL的菌株。产妇产后使用头孢菌素显著增加了婴儿携带头孢菌素耐药肠杆菌科（p值= 0.001;OR: 10.4; 95% CI: 2.31-46.83）、esbls生产者（p值= 0.009）和多重耐药分离株（p值= 0.027）的可能性。结论：这些结果表明，耐头孢菌素肠杆菌科早在6周时就在婴儿肠道定植，母亲产后抗生素暴露起重要作用。了解抗菌素耐药性的这些早期驱动因素可以帮助制定减轻抗菌素耐药性在脆弱人群中传播的策略。

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Asymptomatic urinary tract infection manifesting as purple urine 无症状尿路感染，表现为紫色尿。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100986

Balakrishnan Arivalagan , Zaheer Qureshi , Rohit Vashisht , Rabih Nasr , Sabah Afroze

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an uncommon but visually striking condition characterized by purple discoloration of urine. It occurs due to the production of pigments that result from tryptophan metabolism by certain bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Providencia spp). We discuss a case of PUBS in a male with obstructive uropathy and long-term catheterization. This report emphasizes the clinicians to consider PUBS when encountering purple urine, particularly in patients with risk factors such as long-term catheterization and urinary tract infections. Management of PUBS involves periodic catheter change, alleviation of risk factors and stringent sanitation practices.

紫尿袋综合征是一种罕见但视觉上显著的疾病，其特征是尿液呈紫色变色。它的发生是由于某些细菌（肺炎克雷伯氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、神奇变形杆菌、大肠杆菌、普罗维登斯氏菌）的色氨酸代谢产生色素。我们讨论一例酒吧在男性与梗阻性尿病和长期导尿。本报告强调临床医生在遇到紫色尿时应考虑多尿，特别是有长期导尿和尿路感染等危险因素的患者。酒吧的管理包括定期更换导尿管、减轻危险因素和严格的卫生措施。

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