Endometriotic cyst infection is rare and typically associated with invasive pelvic procedures or pelvic inflammatory disease. We present a case of a 34-year-old nulligravida female with no recent surgical or gynaecological interventions, who developed acute abdominal pain due to a ruptured endometriotic cyst infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. This case underscores the potential for hematogenous spread of infection and the importance of considering infected endometriomas in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen.
{"title":"Acute Abdominal Pain Attributable to Salmonella Typhi-Infected Endometriotic Cyst: A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Priyam Batra, Kanika Chaudhary, Amarinder Singh Malhi, Megha Batra, Hitender Gautam, Sarita Mohapatra, Seema Sood, Benu Dhawan, Bimal Kumar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriotic cyst infection is rare and typically associated with invasive pelvic procedures or pelvic inflammatory disease. We present a case of a 34-year-old nulligravida female with no recent surgical or gynaecological interventions, who developed acute abdominal pain due to a ruptured endometriotic cyst infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. This case underscores the potential for hematogenous spread of infection and the importance of considering infected endometriomas in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen.</p>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"101049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101047
Jignisha S. Patel , Jigna P. Naik , Dhruv N. Desai
Introduction
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive bacterial disease in developed and developing countries. The LytA gene acts as a key pneumococcal virulence factor. No simple, cost-effective technology exists to detect this gene. In this study, we developed and validated a quick and visible LAMP assay targeting the LytA gene for pneumococci detection.
Methodology
Visual LAMP assay was performed to amplify the S. pneumoniae LytA gene using five primers. S. pneumoniae ATCC® 49619™ was employed as a positive control, and 19 pathogenic bacterial strains without the LytA gene and 20 clinical isolates with the gene were utilized to test LAMP assay specificity. To assess sensitivity, the visual LAMP assay was compared to PCR using ten-fold serial dilutions of Pneumococcal ATCC DNA. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the enhanced LAMP assay were tested with 25 pneumonia-suspected clinical samples. In addition, standard microbial culture and PCR analysis were also performed for comparison purposes.
Results
After 60 min of incubation at 65 °C, the S. pneumoniae ATCC strain and all 20 clinical pneumococci with defined primers amplified LytA target DNA and gave a color change from pink to yellow. DNA amplification was absent in 19 pathogenic bacterial strains without LytA genes under the same circumstances. The detection limit for the improved LAMP assay was 6 CFU/mL (0.425 fg/μL). Given conventional microbiological culture as the gold standard, the PCR assay provided two false positives, whereas the LAMP assay gave no false positives with 25 clinical samples. The LAMP assay exhibited 100 % sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV (95 % CI) utilizing the conventional culture method as a gold standard.
Conclusion
The enhanced LAMP assay visually detects the pneumococcal LytA gene faster, simpler, more sensitively, and more specifically than PCR and microbiological methods. This enhanced LAMP method is suited for low-resource population screening and diagnosis.
{"title":"Development of an enhanced LAMP-based method for early identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae through LytA gene amplification","authors":"Jignisha S. Patel , Jigna P. Naik , Dhruv N. Desai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> is a leading cause of invasive bacterial disease in developed and developing countries. The <em>Lyt</em>A gene acts as a key pneumococcal virulence factor. No simple, cost-effective technology exists to detect this gene. In this study, we developed and validated a quick and visible LAMP assay targeting the <em>Lyt</em>A gene for pneumococci detection.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Visual LAMP assay was performed to amplify the <em>S. pneumoniae Lyt</em>A gene using five primers. <em>S. pneumoniae</em> ATCC® 49619™ was employed as a positive control, and 19 pathogenic bacterial strains without the <em>Lyt</em>A gene and 20 clinical isolates with the gene were utilized to test LAMP assay specificity. To assess sensitivity, the visual LAMP assay was compared to PCR using ten-fold serial dilutions of Pneumococcal ATCC DNA. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the enhanced LAMP assay were tested with 25 pneumonia-suspected clinical samples. In addition, standard microbial culture and PCR analysis were also performed for comparison purposes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After 60 min of incubation at 65 °C, the <em>S. pneumoniae</em> ATCC strain and all 20 clinical pneumococci with defined primers amplified <em>Lyt</em>A target DNA and gave a color change from pink to yellow. DNA amplification was absent in 19 pathogenic bacterial strains without <em>Lyt</em>A genes under the same circumstances. The detection limit for the improved LAMP assay was 6 CFU/mL (0.425 fg/μL). Given conventional microbiological culture as the gold standard, the PCR assay provided two false positives, whereas the LAMP assay gave no false positives with 25 clinical samples. The LAMP assay exhibited 100 % sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV (95 % CI) utilizing the conventional culture method as a gold standard.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The enhanced LAMP assay visually detects the pneumococcal <em>Lyt</em>A gene faster, simpler, more sensitively, and more specifically than PCR and microbiological methods. This enhanced LAMP method is suited for low-resource population screening and diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gram negative bacteria are most common cause of bacteraemia, with one fourth being attributed to non-fermentive Gram negative bacteria (NFGNB). Contribution of NFGNB to antimicrobial resistance burden is also high. Commonly isolated NFGNB Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii have been well studied however there is paucity of data of uncommon species including, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia spp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis in our region. This study was thus designed to explore implication of antimicrobial resistance and associated determinants for the surge of such organisms.
Material and methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of NFGNB isolates, recovered from flag positive blood culture bottles on BacT/ALERT3D system, identified by VITEK 2 compact system, over a period of one year at the department of Microbiology and risk factors associated with upsurge of common and uncommon NFGNB were also compared.
Results
A total of 133 NFGNB isolates were recovered from bacteraemia patients. Among common NFGNB, Acinetobacter baumannii (34.6 %) was commonest followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 %). While among uncommon NFGNB Acinetobacter non baumannii spp. of Acinetobacter baumannii complex were most prevalent (15 %) followed by Burkholderia cepacia complex (10.5 %) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (8.2 %). Eighty percent of isolates were MDR and association of uncommon NFGNB surge was observed to be associated with risk factors like hospital acquired infection, recent broad spectrum antimicrobial exposure, primary bacteraemia and catheter related infection (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Bacteraemia due to MDR NFGNB is an alarming therapeutic management challenge as empirical treatment is not effective especially for uncommon NFGNB.
{"title":"Uncommon non-fermentative gram-negative superbugs - A surge in bacteraemia patients at an apex super speciality hospital","authors":"Munaza Aman, Insha Altaf, Bashir A. Fomda, Shagufta Roohi, Anjum Mir, Sehar Tariq, Uksim Qadri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Gram negative bacteria are most common cause of bacteraemia, with one fourth being attributed to non-fermentive Gram negative bacteria (NFGNB). Contribution of NFGNB to antimicrobial resistance burden is also high. Commonly isolated NFGNB <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> have been well studied however there is paucity of data of uncommon species including, <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia spp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis</em> in our region. This study was thus designed to explore implication of antimicrobial resistance and associated determinants for the surge of such organisms.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of NFGNB isolates, recovered from flag positive blood culture bottles on BacT/ALERT3D system, identified by VITEK 2 compact system, over a period of one year at the department of Microbiology and risk factors associated with upsurge of common and uncommon NFGNB were also compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 133 NFGNB isolates were recovered from bacteraemia patients. Among common NFGNB, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (34.6 %) was commonest followed by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (15 %). While among uncommon NFGNB <em>Acinetobacter non baumannii spp.</em> of <em>Acinetobacter baumannii complex</em> were most prevalent (15 %) followed by <em>Burkholderia cepacia complex</em> (10.5 %) and <em>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</em> (8.2 %). Eighty percent of isolates were MDR and association of uncommon NFGNB surge was observed to be associated with risk factors like hospital acquired infection, recent broad spectrum antimicrobial exposure, primary bacteraemia and catheter related infection <em>(p < 0.05).</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bacteraemia due to MDR NFGNB is an alarming therapeutic management challenge as empirical treatment is not effective especially for uncommon NFGNB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101043
G. Vithiya , M. Srividhya , T. Rajendran , Supriya Sahu , Diptanu Paul , Madhucchanda Das , Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy , Vinaykumar Hallur
Phaeoacremonium junior is a rare dematiaceous fungus found in woody plants, grapevine, and fruit trees. We report the first case of human infection with Phaeoacremonium junior who presented with a subcutaneous cyst after a thorn prick. Identification was done by sequencing the partial beta-tubulin and partial actin genes and their multigene phylogeny.
{"title":"Phaeoacremonium junior phaeohyphomycosis: A case report of the first human infection","authors":"G. Vithiya , M. Srividhya , T. Rajendran , Supriya Sahu , Diptanu Paul , Madhucchanda Das , Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy , Vinaykumar Hallur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phaeoacremonium junior</em> is a rare dematiaceous fungus found in woody plants, grapevine, and fruit trees. We report the first case of human infection with <em>Phaeoacremonium junior</em> who presented with a subcutaneous cyst after a thorn prick. Identification was done by sequencing the partial beta-tubulin and partial actin genes and their multigene phylogeny.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is difficult because its clinical presentation overlaps with other common diseases. This disease is rare in children without any risk factors. We share a case of a healthy young Asian boy who presented with persistent fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, and pericardial effusion. Given these symptoms, the initial suspicion leaned heavily towards tuberculosis (TB) or lymphoma. On further investigations, the unexpected diagnosis was made as his lymph node culture grew Aspergillus flavus. This case serves as an important reminder that invasive aspergillosis, although rare in children without traditional risk factors, can still present in the most surprising ways.
{"title":"Invasive aspergillosis in a child without any identifiable risk factors","authors":"Surbhi Kumari , Pallavi Pallavi , Virendra Kumar , Vagata Ram , Romit Saxena , Sonal Saxena , Meeta Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is difficult because its clinical presentation overlaps with other common diseases. This disease is rare in children without any risk factors. We share a case of a healthy young Asian boy who presented with persistent fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, and pericardial effusion. Given these symptoms, the initial suspicion leaned heavily towards tuberculosis (TB) or lymphoma. On further investigations, the unexpected diagnosis was made as his lymph node culture grew <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>. This case serves as an important reminder that invasive aspergillosis, although rare in children without traditional risk factors, can still present in the most surprising ways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine the relation between disease spectrum, etiology and immunological markers in fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS).
Material and methods
Sinus and nasal tissue samples were collected by diagnostic nasal endoscopy and were processed as per standard mycological procedure for microscopy, culture and histopathological examination (HPE). Total IgE, serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Out of 148 samples, 70 % were diagnosed as FRS. The most common comorbid condition was COVID-19 infection 46.9 %. The most common predisposing factor was use of steroid therapy 46.9 %. Nasal obstruction 62.2 % was the most common clinical feature but headache (p value 0.002) and eye discharge were statistically significant (p value 0.005). In this study Pottasium hydroxide (KOH) mount revealed findings in 84.69 % patients. KOH, Histopathological examination (HPE) and fungal culture in combination revealed findings in 62.2 % cases. Rhizopus arrhizus 27.6 % was the most common isolate Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus arrhizus were statistically significant (p value 0.003, 0.026 respectively). In this study IL-6 59.2 % was the most common serological marker raised. Paranasal sinus (PNS) imaging revealed that 100 % of the patients had single or multiple sinus involvement and maxillary sinus (p value 0.038) was significantly associated. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis 75.5 % was the most common type of FRS. In this study mortality was 17.34 %.
Conclusion
FRS is an important emerging public health problem and a cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, in the current scenario of the COVID pandemic, FRS has become more fatal and an entity of immediate and grave concern than ever before. Early identification in suspected cases with predisposing factors and early intervention is crucial for the outcome of FRS cases.
{"title":"Revisiting clinicomycological and immunological aspects of fungal rhinosinusitis during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Mohan Vashistha , Malini R. Capoor , Geetika Khanna , Anita Rani , Neena Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>To determine the relation between disease spectrum, etiology and immunological markers in fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sinus and nasal tissue samples were collected by diagnostic nasal endoscopy and were processed as per standard mycological procedure for microscopy, culture and histopathological examination (HPE). Total IgE, serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 148 samples, 70 % were diagnosed as FRS. The most common comorbid condition was COVID-19 infection 46.9 %. The most common predisposing factor was use of steroid therapy 46.9 %. Nasal obstruction 62.2 % was the most common clinical feature but headache (<em>p</em> value 0.002) and eye discharge were statistically significant (<em>p</em> value 0.005). In this study Pottasium hydroxide (KOH) mount revealed findings in 84.69 % patients. KOH, Histopathological examination (HPE) and fungal culture in combination revealed findings in 62.2 % cases. <em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> 27.6 % was the most common isolate <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> were statistically significant (<em>p</em> value 0.003, 0.026 respectively). In this study IL-6 59.2 % was the most common serological marker raised. Paranasal sinus (PNS) imaging revealed that 100 % of the patients had single or multiple sinus involvement and maxillary sinus (<em>p</em> value 0.038) was significantly associated. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis 75.5 % was the most common type of FRS. In this study mortality was 17.34 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FRS is an important emerging public health problem and a cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, in the current scenario of the COVID pandemic, FRS has become more fatal and an entity of immediate and grave concern than ever before. Early identification in suspected cases with predisposing factors and early intervention is crucial for the outcome of FRS cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quiescent non-union refers to a state where a fracture fails to heal, and the site appears clinically inactive despite the possible presence of a dormant or low-grade infection. This condition often follows open fractures or prior surgical interventions. Although typical signs of infection—pain, swelling, or discharge—are absent, latent infections may reactivate, leading to severe complications. Diagnosing infection in such cases is challenging due to the lack of definitive tools, and clinicians typically rely on inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and total leukocyte count (TLC), though their reliability remains uncertain.
Objective
To determine the prevalence of infection in patients with quiescent non-union of long bone diaphyseal fractures and evaluate the diagnostic performance of various microbiological and serological tests.
Methodology
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from December 2019 to January 2022, involving 50 patients with long bone non-unions. Radiographs classified non-union types. Intraoperatively, four tissue samples (from bone ends and surrounding soft tissue) were collected for microbiological analysis. Preoperative blood samples assessed TLC, ESR, and CRP levels.
Results
Of 50 patients, 10 (20 %) had positive microbial cultures. Among serological tests, TLC had 20 % sensitivity and 56 % accuracy; ESR had 40 % sensitivity and 64 % accuracy. CRP demonstrated the highest sensitivity (60 %) and diagnostic accuracy (76 %).
Conclusion
Occult infection may be present in quiescent non-unions. CRP is the most reliable serological marker for detecting such hidden infections.
{"title":"Quiescent non-union: Acknowledging a discrete entity and comparing serological markers for diagnosis of infection at non-union site","authors":"Sandeep kumar Chaudhari , Mohit Dhingra , Mohit Bhatia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2026.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Quiescent non-union refers to a state where a fracture fails to heal, and the site appears clinically inactive despite the possible presence of a dormant or low-grade infection. This condition often follows open fractures or prior surgical interventions. Although typical signs of infection—pain, swelling, or discharge—are absent, latent infections may reactivate, leading to severe complications. Diagnosing infection in such cases is challenging due to the lack of definitive tools, and clinicians typically rely on inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and total leukocyte count (TLC), though their reliability remains uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence of infection in patients with quiescent non-union of long bone diaphyseal fractures and evaluate the diagnostic performance of various microbiological and serological tests.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from December 2019 to January 2022, involving 50 patients with long bone non-unions. Radiographs classified non-union types. Intraoperatively, four tissue samples (from bone ends and surrounding soft tissue) were collected for microbiological analysis. Preoperative blood samples assessed TLC, ESR, and CRP levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 50 patients, 10 (20 %) had positive microbial cultures. Among serological tests, TLC had 20 % sensitivity and 56 % accuracy; ESR had 40 % sensitivity and 64 % accuracy. CRP demonstrated the highest sensitivity (60 %) and diagnostic accuracy (76 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Occult infection may be present in quiescent non-unions. CRP is the most reliable serological marker for detecting such hidden infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101041
K. Kirubanandan, Rosemol Varghese, Binesh Lal Y, Ayyanraj Neeravi, Subbulakshmi R, Balaji Veeraraghavan
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp
equisimilis (SDSE) is an emerging pathogen with similarities to S. pyogenes, with limited Indian molecular epidemiological data. This study characterized 55 SDSE isolates via MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequencing for emm typing, MLST, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiling. Infections mainly affected diabetic males (mean age 44), commonly presenting as cellulitis or non-healing ulcers. sixteen emm types and 17 STs were identified; with all isolates carrying virulence genes lmb, slo, sagA. The isolates were 100 % penicillin susceptible and 42 % macrolide non susceptible with 53 % mef(A) and 35 % msr(D). Findings stress the need for region-specific genomic surveillance.
{"title":"Clinical and genotypic spectrum of SDSE from a tertiary Indian centre: Diversity, virulence, and AMR trends","authors":"K. Kirubanandan, Rosemol Varghese, Binesh Lal Y, Ayyanraj Neeravi, Subbulakshmi R, Balaji Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><em>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</em> subsp</h3><div><em>equisimilis</em> (SDSE) is an emerging pathogen with similarities to <em>S. pyogenes</em>, with limited Indian molecular epidemiological data. This study characterized 55 SDSE isolates via MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequencing for <em>emm</em> typing, MLST, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiling. Infections mainly affected diabetic males (mean age 44), commonly presenting as cellulitis or non-healing ulcers. sixteen <em>emm</em> types and 17 STs were identified; with all isolates carrying virulence genes <em>lmb</em>, <em>slo</em>, <em>sagA</em>. The isolates were 100 % penicillin susceptible and 42 % macrolide non susceptible with 53 % <em>mef(A)</em> and 35 % <em>msr(D).</em> Findings stress the need for region-specific genomic surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101040
K. Dhanalakshmi, S. Balasubramanian, N. Vignesh, S. Mahalakshmi, Sulochana Putili Bai
Scarlet fever, caused by Group A Streptococcus [Streptococcus pyogenes], presents with a characteristic red rash, fever, and pharyngitis. It predominantly affects children aged 5–15 years, although individuals of any age can be affected. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets and direct contact with contaminated surfaces or infected individuals. This study emphasizes the utility of rapid antigen detection tests [RADT] as point-of-care diagnostics for scarlet fever, particularly in the context of the recent rise in cases in India. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy are critical to preventing complications such as acute rheumatic fever and renal involvement.
{"title":"Scarlet fever - A retrospective case series in the midst of recent upsurge of cases in India","authors":"K. Dhanalakshmi, S. Balasubramanian, N. Vignesh, S. Mahalakshmi, Sulochana Putili Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scarlet fever, caused by <em>Group A Streptococcus</em> [<em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>], presents with a characteristic red rash, fever, and pharyngitis. It predominantly affects children aged 5–15 years, although individuals of any age can be affected. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets and direct contact with contaminated surfaces or infected individuals. This study emphasizes the utility of rapid antigen detection tests [RADT] as point-of-care diagnostics for scarlet fever, particularly in the context of the recent rise in cases in India. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy are critical to preventing complications such as acute rheumatic fever and renal involvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present case describes an apparently healthy adult who developed severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The patient presented with month-long fever, fatiguability and recent onset dyspnoea, subsequently developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury and haematological complications. Definitive diagnosis was made through microscopic examination of P.jirovecii cysts stained by Grocott Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) and positive PCR assay of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. This case highlights the evolving spectrum of PJP manifestations and emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and appropriate management in apparently immunocompetent hosts.
{"title":"Fulminant Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia presenting as multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in an immunocompetent host","authors":"Debasish Biswal , Arupparna Sengupta , Mohit Sharma , Bijay Ranjan Mirdha , Aayush Chawla , Rohit Kumar Garg , Sadia Khan , Anubhav Pandey , Sharmila Sengupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present case describes an apparently healthy adult who developed severe <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia (PJP) leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The patient presented with month-long fever, fatiguability and recent onset dyspnoea, subsequently developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury and haematological complications. Definitive diagnosis was made through microscopic examination of <em>P.jirovecii</em> cysts stained by Grocott Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) and positive PCR assay of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. This case highlights the evolving spectrum of PJP manifestations and emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and appropriate management in apparently immunocompetent hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号