Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00104.8
M. Nagesh, K. Sreedevi
{"title":"Role of Invertebrate Diversity with Special Reference to Insects in Agro- biodiversity and Ecological Services – Indian Efforts","authors":"M. Nagesh, K. Sreedevi","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00104.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00104.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84984649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00024.9
P. Saisupriya, P. Saidaiah, S. Pandravada
{"title":"Assessment of Genetic Divergence for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Germplasm","authors":"P. Saisupriya, P. Saidaiah, S. Pandravada","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00024.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00024.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82064084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00035.3
Kuldeep Singh, M. Halewood, C. Lusty, H. Upadhyaya
Introduction This short paper is dedicated to celebrating the 80th birthday of Dr RS Paroda, who has been champion of the genetic resources’ conservation in India and a strong supporter of the CGIAR genebanks, especially the ICRISAT genebank that is named after him. This team wishes him many more years to his healthy life. This paper provides a high-level overview of the globally coordinated system for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) conservation and sustainable use under the framework of the United National Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO). The paper also considers the role that CGIAR Centers, particularly their genebanks, have historically played within that system, and how recent reforms to the CGIAR system could infl uence the role it plays. Finally, the paper ends with a few recommendations for further development of the global system.
{"title":"The Role of CGIAR in the Global System of PGRFA Conservation and Use","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, M. Halewood, C. Lusty, H. Upadhyaya","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00035.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00035.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction This short paper is dedicated to celebrating the 80th birthday of Dr RS Paroda, who has been champion of the genetic resources’ conservation in India and a strong supporter of the CGIAR genebanks, especially the ICRISAT genebank that is named after him. This team wishes him many more years to his healthy life. This paper provides a high-level overview of the globally coordinated system for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) conservation and sustainable use under the framework of the United National Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO). The paper also considers the role that CGIAR Centers, particularly their genebanks, have historically played within that system, and how recent reforms to the CGIAR system could infl uence the role it plays. Finally, the paper ends with a few recommendations for further development of the global system.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75876569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00074.2
R. Pundir
There are 50 registered breed of cattle and 19 breeds of buffalo in the country, these breeds are well adapted to diverse climate of the country and contributing significantly to the livelihood. India possesses 193.4 million cattle and 109.85 million buffalo in the year 2019. The crossbred and buffalo population has increased all the time since the livestock census initiated. Among the cattle and buffalo, 52% cattle and 45.4% buffalo population are non-descript and need to be defined on priority so their development programs can be initiated. India is home of best breeds of buffalo in the world i.e. Murrah and Sahiwal, Gir, Ongole and Tharparkar breeds of cattle. Mehsana and Niliravi the breeds of buffalo those are equally good in performance in the country. Gir breed of cattle and Murrah breed of buffalo had maximum heads in the country. Breed wise trends during the years 2013-2022, showed that among the 37 cattle breeds included in breed survey/census, 15 are showing increasing trends and 22 showed declining trends. In buffalo, 13 breeds were included in breed survey/census, 4 are showing declining trends and 9 showed increasing trends. For improving the bovines in the country, we need to define non-described bovines on priority and registered unique population as distinct breed, if eligible, accurate breed census/survey, performance recording system at farmers door, ensure availability of superior germplasm, more population to be covered through Artificial Insemination and establishment of breed societies and breed nucleus farms adopting open nucleus breeding system.
{"title":"Cattle and Buffalo Genetic Resources of India","authors":"R. Pundir","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00074.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00074.2","url":null,"abstract":"There are 50 registered breed of cattle and 19 breeds of buffalo in the country, these breeds are well adapted to diverse climate of the country and contributing significantly to the livelihood. India possesses 193.4 million cattle and 109.85 million buffalo in the year 2019. The crossbred and buffalo population has increased all the time since the livestock census initiated. Among the cattle and buffalo, 52% cattle and 45.4% buffalo population are non-descript and need to be defined on priority so their development programs can be initiated. India is home of best breeds of buffalo in the world i.e. Murrah and Sahiwal, Gir, Ongole and Tharparkar breeds of cattle. Mehsana and Niliravi the breeds of buffalo those are equally good in performance in the country. Gir breed of cattle and Murrah breed of buffalo had maximum heads in the country. Breed wise trends during the years 2013-2022, showed that among the 37 cattle breeds included in breed survey/census, 15 are showing increasing trends and 22 showed declining trends. In buffalo, 13 breeds were included in breed survey/census, 4 are showing declining trends and 9 showed increasing trends. For improving the bovines in the country, we need to define non-described bovines on priority and registered unique population as distinct breed, if eligible, accurate breed census/survey, performance recording system at farmers door, ensure availability of superior germplasm, more population to be covered through Artificial Insemination and establishment of breed societies and breed nucleus farms adopting open nucleus breeding system.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91251500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00046.8
Shuvobrata Majumder, K. Datta, D. Gayen, Soumitra Paul, N. Ali, Subhrajyoti Ghosh, Aritra Karmakar, S. Bhattacharya, Shinjini Sengupta, S. Datta
Micronutrient deficiencies of iron, zinc, and vitamin-A are such serious global health issues, that it affects one out of every three people worldwide. The intensity of this “hidden hunger” compels us to acknowledge global nutritional security issues. Plant based food are the most popular and trending choices for people of all rungs of the social ladder. Biofortification is a sustainable and promising process of improving nutrition in plant based food through different agronomic approaches, conventional plant breeding and genetic engineering. Biofortified crops have been developed with high iron, high zinc, vitamin-A, with other nutritional quality enhancements and these crops have already proved to be a ‘boon for nutritional security’. This review highlights some selected Biofortified crops with special reference to rice ( Oryza sativa ), as 50% of the global population relies on it.
{"title":"Biofortified Crops – Boon for Nutritional Security","authors":"Shuvobrata Majumder, K. Datta, D. Gayen, Soumitra Paul, N. Ali, Subhrajyoti Ghosh, Aritra Karmakar, S. Bhattacharya, Shinjini Sengupta, S. Datta","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00046.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00046.8","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient deficiencies of iron, zinc, and vitamin-A are such serious global health issues, that it affects one out of every three people worldwide. The intensity of this “hidden hunger” compels us to acknowledge global nutritional security issues. Plant based food are the most popular and trending choices for people of all rungs of the social ladder. Biofortification is a sustainable and promising process of improving nutrition in plant based food through different agronomic approaches, conventional plant breeding and genetic engineering. Biofortified crops have been developed with high iron, high zinc, vitamin-A, with other nutritional quality enhancements and these crops have already proved to be a ‘boon for nutritional security’. This review highlights some selected Biofortified crops with special reference to rice ( Oryza sativa ), as 50% of the global population relies on it.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87771752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00109.7
U. Amala, K. Subaharan
Insects are important group of organisms that are diverse forming an important component of food web. They play vital ecological functions like nutrient recyclers, soil decomposers, pollinators, biocontrol agents, soil builders and scavengers. Anthropogenic factors like habitat destruction, land fragmentation, deforestation, climate change, monocropping and urbanization threaten the native diversity of the insects with possible loss in their abundance, richness and extinction. There is a growing need to conserve the diversity of insects using tactics like maintenance of crop diversity amidst the crop areas to serve as refugia and breeding grounds for the beneficial insects, creating of breeding habitats for natural multiplication of beneficials. Adoption of minor agronomic practices leading to crop and habitat diversification benefits native insect population for their natural proliferation in agro-ecosystems.
{"title":"Ecological Implications on Insect Biodiversity","authors":"U. Amala, K. Subaharan","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00109.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00109.7","url":null,"abstract":"Insects are important group of organisms that are diverse forming an important component of food web. They play vital ecological functions like nutrient recyclers, soil decomposers, pollinators, biocontrol agents, soil builders and scavengers. Anthropogenic factors like habitat destruction, land fragmentation, deforestation, climate change, monocropping and urbanization threaten the native diversity of the insects with possible loss in their abundance, richness and extinction. There is a growing need to conserve the diversity of insects using tactics like maintenance of crop diversity amidst the crop areas to serve as refugia and breeding grounds for the beneficial insects, creating of breeding habitats for natural multiplication of beneficials. Adoption of minor agronomic practices leading to crop and habitat diversification benefits native insect population for their natural proliferation in agro-ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88090447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00095.x
A. Srivastava, H. Chakdar, P. Sahu, Murugan Kumar
Interests in preservation of microbes for ex situ conservation have grown hand in hand with the microbial diversity studies flourishing worldwide. For a successful exploration study, preservation of isolated strains without any change in original traits is as important as collection of pure culture of microbes from different habitats, their characterization and exploration for economical use. Preservation of microbes is also important to realize the potential of characterized strains on a large scale. This review focusses on the different methods available for preservation of microbial strains for short to long term. In addition, specific preservation techniques for certain microbes and problems and concerns in the routinely used preservation techniques and revival of preserved microbes have been dealt in detail. The review highlights the importance of research in the area of preservation of microbes.
{"title":"Conserving Microbial Diversity: Practices, Trends and Beyond","authors":"A. Srivastava, H. Chakdar, P. Sahu, Murugan Kumar","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00095.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00095.x","url":null,"abstract":"Interests in preservation of microbes for ex situ conservation have grown hand in hand with the microbial diversity studies flourishing worldwide. For a successful exploration study, preservation of isolated strains without any change in original traits is as important as collection of pure culture of microbes from different habitats, their characterization and exploration for economical use. Preservation of microbes is also important to realize the potential of characterized strains on a large scale. This review focusses on the different methods available for preservation of microbial strains for short to long term. In addition, specific preservation techniques for certain microbes and problems and concerns in the routinely used preservation techniques and revival of preserved microbes have been dealt in detail. The review highlights the importance of research in the area of preservation of microbes.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85912439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00107.3
S. Chitra, Jhansi Rani Billa
Rice paddies have complex trophic food webs of flora and fauna. Integrated biodiversity management of flowering forbs can help conserve the beneficial insects of rice ecosystem, in turn enhancing natural biological control of pests. A concept of habitat management through ecological engineering has been developed at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, tested, and validated in farmers’ fields over several seasons of crop. The strategies are low cost, easy to adopt, ecological sound and environmentally friendly, while providing farmers with monetary returns and nutritional benefits. One of the techniques advocated, is increasing floral diversity. Floral diversity can be maintained by conserving commonly occurring flowering forbs in rice fields or by growing a crop plant that provides monetary and nutritional benefits. Flowering plants on rice bunds had significant impact on biodiversity of parasitoids such as Anagrus , Oligosita and others. Field studies through baiting and laboratory studies for longevity indicated enhanced parasitization rates and six to ten times increase in longevity of parasitoids. Significant differences were observed in parasitism of hopper eggs in plots with different crop borders in comparison to plots without flower borders (F= 4.91; df 7; p <0.01).
稻田有复杂的动植物营养食物网。开花植物生物多样性综合管理有助于保护水稻生态系统的有益昆虫，从而增强害虫的自然生物防治能力。印度水稻研究所(ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research)提出了一个通过生态工程进行生境管理的概念，并在农民的田地里进行了几个作物季节的测试和验证。这些战略成本低、易于采用、生态无害和环境友好，同时为农民提供经济回报和营养效益。提倡的技术之一是增加花卉的多样性。通过保护稻田中常见的开花植物或种植一种能提供经济和营养效益的作物植物，可以维持植物的多样性。水稻带开花植物对拟寄生蜂的生物多样性有显著影响。通过诱食和实验室研究对寿命进行的实地研究表明，寄生蜂的寄生率提高，寿命延长6至10倍。有不同作物边界的小区与无花边界的小区相比，寄生蜂卵的寄生率有显著差异(F= 4.91;df 7;p < 0.01)。
{"title":"Conserving Floral and Faunal Diversity of Rice Paddies","authors":"S. Chitra, Jhansi Rani Billa","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00107.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00107.3","url":null,"abstract":"Rice paddies have complex trophic food webs of flora and fauna. Integrated biodiversity management of flowering forbs can help conserve the beneficial insects of rice ecosystem, in turn enhancing natural biological control of pests. A concept of habitat management through ecological engineering has been developed at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, tested, and validated in farmers’ fields over several seasons of crop. The strategies are low cost, easy to adopt, ecological sound and environmentally friendly, while providing farmers with monetary returns and nutritional benefits. One of the techniques advocated, is increasing floral diversity. Floral diversity can be maintained by conserving commonly occurring flowering forbs in rice fields or by growing a crop plant that provides monetary and nutritional benefits. Flowering plants on rice bunds had significant impact on biodiversity of parasitoids such as Anagrus , Oligosita and others. Field studies through baiting and laboratory studies for longevity indicated enhanced parasitization rates and six to ten times increase in longevity of parasitoids. Significant differences were observed in parasitism of hopper eggs in plots with different crop borders in comparison to plots without flower borders (F= 4.91; df 7; p <0.01).","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81248155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00020.1
Luwangshangbam James Singh, Anuradha Sane, Vasantha Kumar Thuppil
{"title":"Assessment of Morphological Characterization and Genetic Variability of Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica L.) Accessions","authors":"Luwangshangbam James Singh, Anuradha Sane, Vasantha Kumar Thuppil","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00020.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00020.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81360031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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