Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00083.3
G. Mair, D. Lucente
Effective management of aquatic biodiversity used in aquaculture will play a critical role in the future development and sustainability of the sector. In this context, a global assessment, conducted by FAO, on the status of management of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture (AqGR) identified a number of significant challenges and needs. In response to this report, FAO and partners have been developing a number of key resources to facilitate countries to better manage their AqGR. This paper describes these resources, which include, inter alia : a framework of essential criteria; AquaGRIS – a global information system; and a Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Development of Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture . These resources can be applied at a range of different levels by diverse aquaculture stakeholders such as policy makers, resource managers, producers and researchers, and can be integrated and used together in the development of strategic approaches for the management of aquatic biodiversity at national, regional and even global scales.
{"title":"FAO Resources for Strategic Planning","authors":"G. Mair, D. Lucente","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00083.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00083.3","url":null,"abstract":"Effective management of aquatic biodiversity used in aquaculture will play a critical role in the future development and sustainability of the sector. In this context, a global assessment, conducted by FAO, on the status of management of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture (AqGR) identified a number of significant challenges and needs. In response to this report, FAO and partners have been developing a number of key resources to facilitate countries to better manage their AqGR. This paper describes these resources, which include, inter alia : a framework of essential criteria; AquaGRIS – a global information system; and a Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Development of Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture . These resources can be applied at a range of different levels by diverse aquaculture stakeholders such as policy makers, resource managers, producers and researchers, and can be integrated and used together in the development of strategic approaches for the management of aquatic biodiversity at national, regional and even global scales.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76384789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00005.5
Anju Sunny, T. Pradeepkumar, J. Minimol, D. Mathew, M. Kutty, P. Anitha
{"title":"Potential of Gynoecious Line in Generating Superior Heterotic Hybrids in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)","authors":"Anju Sunny, T. Pradeepkumar, J. Minimol, D. Mathew, M. Kutty, P. Anitha","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00005.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00005.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77005602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00084.5
Simon Wilkinson
Informatics is the application of data science to extract and communicate actionable knowledge in the context of a specialised domain. Informatics will play an increasingly important role in management of genetic resources for aquaculture as the industry pursues automation and optimisation of processes in pursuit of intensification. This will likely parallel the adoption of industrial control systems in technology-oriented “smart farms”, which will drive instrumentation of farming systems. Aquaculture has historically under-invested in genetic resource management and all aspects of information technology, including informatics, but both have potential to generate substantial benefits. Data capture and computational resources for informatics are no longer limiting. They are cheap, easy to obtain and manage, due to advances in microelectronics, software virtualisation and cloud computing. Human resources are now the main bottleneck in application of informatics in aquatic genetic resources management. There is a need for the aquaculture sector to invest in developing its own professional capacity in informatics, as it is unlikely to be able to recruit personnel from more industrialised, higher-paying sectors
{"title":"Informatics as Future for Fish Genetic Resources Management","authors":"Simon Wilkinson","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00084.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00084.5","url":null,"abstract":"Informatics is the application of data science to extract and communicate actionable knowledge in the context of a specialised domain. Informatics will play an increasingly important role in management of genetic resources for aquaculture as the industry pursues automation and optimisation of processes in pursuit of intensification. This will likely parallel the adoption of industrial control systems in technology-oriented “smart farms”, which will drive instrumentation of farming systems. Aquaculture has historically under-invested in genetic resource management and all aspects of information technology, including informatics, but both have potential to generate substantial benefits. Data capture and computational resources for informatics are no longer limiting. They are cheap, easy to obtain and manage, due to advances in microelectronics, software virtualisation and cloud computing. Human resources are now the main bottleneck in application of informatics in aquatic genetic resources management. There is a need for the aquaculture sector to invest in developing its own professional capacity in informatics, as it is unlikely to be able to recruit personnel from more industrialised, higher-paying sectors","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82040120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00003.1
A. Pandey, V. Devi, S. Nivedhitha, R. Pamarthi, Rita Gupta, Rakesh Singh, S. Ahlawat, Kuldeep Singh
{"title":"Towards Strengthening the National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants with Rice Landrace Diversity","authors":"A. Pandey, V. Devi, S. Nivedhitha, R. Pamarthi, Rita Gupta, Rakesh Singh, S. Ahlawat, Kuldeep Singh","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00003.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00003.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74298855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00016.x
P. Chandra, Kuldeep Tripathi, Pragya, S. Archak, V. Tyagi, P. Brahmi
{"title":"ITPGRFA: An Appraisal as a Prelude to the Ninth Session of the Governing Body 2022, New Delhi","authors":"P. Chandra, Kuldeep Tripathi, Pragya, S. Archak, V. Tyagi, P. Brahmi","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00016.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00016.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73278937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00033.x
R. Ganesh, Arun Kumar, D. Pilania, A. Singh, D. Choudhury, T. Nagarathna, Dk Agarwal, K. Prabhu
(PPV&FR) Act, 2001’ was enacted by its Parliament in accordance to the Article 27.3(b) of Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. In a signifi cant deviation from the contemporary legislations around the world and also the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) Acts (1973 and 1991), the PPV&FR Act is a sui generis option, that provides an eff ective system for the protection of plant varieties, the rights of farmers and plant breeders that encouraged development of new varieties as well as those which were in common knowledge of the farmers or were in the possession of farmers traditionally. This article explains how the Indian legislation is the best fi t to match the requirements farmers as well as plant breeders, keeping in view the local agricultural situations, societal constitution and livelihood mechanisms, especially for small-holder farmers.
{"title":"Farmers’ Rights and Plant Breeders’ Rights under Indian Regulations of Plant Variety Protection: A TRIPS Compliant Harmonised Coexistence","authors":"R. Ganesh, Arun Kumar, D. Pilania, A. Singh, D. Choudhury, T. Nagarathna, Dk Agarwal, K. Prabhu","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00033.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00033.x","url":null,"abstract":"(PPV&FR) Act, 2001’ was enacted by its Parliament in accordance to the Article 27.3(b) of Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. In a signifi cant deviation from the contemporary legislations around the world and also the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) Acts (1973 and 1991), the PPV&FR Act is a sui generis option, that provides an eff ective system for the protection of plant varieties, the rights of farmers and plant breeders that encouraged development of new varieties as well as those which were in common knowledge of the farmers or were in the possession of farmers traditionally. This article explains how the Indian legislation is the best fi t to match the requirements farmers as well as plant breeders, keeping in view the local agricultural situations, societal constitution and livelihood mechanisms, especially for small-holder farmers.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73366253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00092.4
C. Ravishankar, VR Madhu
The advancements in fishing technologies over the years, had helped to significantly increase the fish production from the capture fisheries and has helped to improve the per capita consumption of fish. Increase in the fishing effort, use of unsustainable fishing gears and lack of proper monitoring and surveillance, combined with the climate related changes in the oceans, have caused serious declines of fisheries worldwide. The bycatch, discards and pollution are also becoming concern in several fisheries world over including India. Despite the fact that numerous measures, including gear-based technical measures, have been evaluated and mandated by law, the use and implementation of these measures in the field, remained largely negligible. Ecosystem-based approaches to fishing, reducing plastic pollution, spatial planning and creating biodiversity hotspots with no-take zones, strict regulations and effective implementation strategies, as well as a concerted effort to reduce the capacity of fisheries, are required for conservation of resources.
{"title":"Fishing Technologies for Conservation of Marine Fish Genetic Resources","authors":"C. Ravishankar, VR Madhu","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00092.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00092.4","url":null,"abstract":"The advancements in fishing technologies over the years, had helped to significantly increase the fish production from the capture fisheries and has helped to improve the per capita consumption of fish. Increase in the fishing effort, use of unsustainable fishing gears and lack of proper monitoring and surveillance, combined with the climate related changes in the oceans, have caused serious declines of fisheries worldwide. The bycatch, discards and pollution are also becoming concern in several fisheries world over including India. Despite the fact that numerous measures, including gear-based technical measures, have been evaluated and mandated by law, the use and implementation of these measures in the field, remained largely negligible. Ecosystem-based approaches to fishing, reducing plastic pollution, spatial planning and creating biodiversity hotspots with no-take zones, strict regulations and effective implementation strategies, as well as a concerted effort to reduce the capacity of fisheries, are required for conservation of resources.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75773841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00025.0
S. Singh, NS Chand, R. Gupta, BR Khan
{"title":"Elevated Temperature Disrupts Pollen-Pistil Dynamics and Seed Set in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)","authors":"S. Singh, NS Chand, R. Gupta, BR Khan","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00025.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00025.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80402068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00081.x
M. Sodhi, M. Mukesh, R. Kataria, S. Niranjan, B. Mishra
Bovine beta casein A1 and A2 are the most common variants in cattle breeds. Because of the bioactive peptide beta casomorphin-7 (BCM7) produced by raw or processed A1-milk, which has high affinity for opioid receptors and can exert regulatory activities, A1 variant is considered a risk factor for many human diseases, but not by A2-milk, during digestion. The frequency of A1/A2 allele of beta casein is breed dependent and can be very easily checked with simple PCR-RFLP technique. The aim of this article was to review the different studies and assess the status of A1/A2 in Indian native cattle breeds as well as crossbred/taurine populations and breeding bulls being used at different AI centres in India. Analysis of frequency pattern clearly indicated that all Indian native cattle breeds have high frequency of A2 allele and homozygous A2A2 genotype and hence are very good resource for A2 milk. Crossbred, taurine cattle populations and breeding bulls being used at different AI centres have a higher frequency of A2 allele and A1A2 genotype. The percentage of animals with homozygous A2A2 genotype is low. This suggests the need for screening of crossbred/exotic bulls being used in A1 and modify the existing breeding policy so as to drift the herds towards A2.
{"title":"A1/A2 Milk Research in Indian Cattle","authors":"M. Sodhi, M. Mukesh, R. Kataria, S. Niranjan, B. Mishra","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00081.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00081.x","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine beta casein A1 and A2 are the most common variants in cattle breeds. Because of the bioactive peptide beta casomorphin-7 (BCM7) produced by raw or processed A1-milk, which has high affinity for opioid receptors and can exert regulatory activities, A1 variant is considered a risk factor for many human diseases, but not by A2-milk, during digestion. The frequency of A1/A2 allele of beta casein is breed dependent and can be very easily checked with simple PCR-RFLP technique. The aim of this article was to review the different studies and assess the status of A1/A2 in Indian native cattle breeds as well as crossbred/taurine populations and breeding bulls being used at different AI centres in India. Analysis of frequency pattern clearly indicated that all Indian native cattle breeds have high frequency of A2 allele and homozygous A2A2 genotype and hence are very good resource for A2 milk. Crossbred, taurine cattle populations and breeding bulls being used at different AI centres have a higher frequency of A2 allele and A1A2 genotype. The percentage of animals with homozygous A2A2 genotype is low. This suggests the need for screening of crossbred/exotic bulls being used in A1 and modify the existing breeding policy so as to drift the herds towards A2.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77647312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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