Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00017.1
T. Preethy, MK Dhanya, T. Aswathy, T. Sathyan, S. Backiyarani, M. Murugan
{"title":"Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Small Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.) in India","authors":"T. Preethy, MK Dhanya, T. Aswathy, T. Sathyan, S. Backiyarani, M. Murugan","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00017.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79495451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00103.6
H. Chakdar, Shaloo Verma, S. Pabbi
Blue Green Algae (BGA) or cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms widely distributed in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. These have tremendous metabolic diversity with the ability to produce a range of metabolites like pigments, polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, antimicrobial compounds and many more. Till now the major application of cyanobacteria is in the form of biofertilizers, especially in India and a few South Asian nations, nonetheless due to the production of a number of industrially important molecules like phycobiliproteins, amino acids, bioactive lipids, biofuels, their mass cultivation has tremendous scope in secondary agriculture. Many of these compounds are of high value and have applications in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, commercial exploitation of cyanobacteria in secondary agriculture is still in its infancy. Appropriate research efforts and suitable policy decisions are required to establish these versatile organisms as a secondary agriculture option and a profitable commercial venture.
{"title":"Blue Green Algae for Secondary Agriculture","authors":"H. Chakdar, Shaloo Verma, S. Pabbi","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00103.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00103.6","url":null,"abstract":"Blue Green Algae (BGA) or cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms widely distributed in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. These have tremendous metabolic diversity with the ability to produce a range of metabolites like pigments, polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, antimicrobial compounds and many more. Till now the major application of cyanobacteria is in the form of biofertilizers, especially in India and a few South Asian nations, nonetheless due to the production of a number of industrially important molecules like phycobiliproteins, amino acids, bioactive lipids, biofuels, their mass cultivation has tremendous scope in secondary agriculture. Many of these compounds are of high value and have applications in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, commercial exploitation of cyanobacteria in secondary agriculture is still in its infancy. Appropriate research efforts and suitable policy decisions are required to establish these versatile organisms as a secondary agriculture option and a profitable commercial venture.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72830216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00089.4
V. Sugunan, Vvr Suresh
The reservoirs spread across India are ideal water resources for fish production at very low input costs through environmentally safer and socially equitable manner. Nevertheless, the present fish production from the reservoirs is about one-third of its estimated potential. Enhanced capture fisheries, culture-based fisheries and recently cage culture systems are being implemented to bridge this gap, where stocking or artificial recruitment is the essential management tool. The stocked fishes can, at some stage or other, interfere with the natural ecosystem processes and have trade-offs with conservation of natural fish genetic resources, mainly of the rivers on which the reservoirs are built. Though it is difficult to prescribe a totally safe stocking protocol from a genetic point of view, scientifically sound strategies need to be put in place to minimize the adverse impacts of stocking. This paper focuses on the potential adverse impacts of stocking and suggests means that can help minimize its adverse impacts on the fish genetic resources.
{"title":"Reservoirs Fisheries Development and its Trade-offs with Conservation of Natural Fish Genetic Resources","authors":"V. Sugunan, Vvr Suresh","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00089.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00089.4","url":null,"abstract":"The reservoirs spread across India are ideal water resources for fish production at very low input costs through environmentally safer and socially equitable manner. Nevertheless, the present fish production from the reservoirs is about one-third of its estimated potential. Enhanced capture fisheries, culture-based fisheries and recently cage culture systems are being implemented to bridge this gap, where stocking or artificial recruitment is the essential management tool. The stocked fishes can, at some stage or other, interfere with the natural ecosystem processes and have trade-offs with conservation of natural fish genetic resources, mainly of the rivers on which the reservoirs are built. Though it is difficult to prescribe a totally safe stocking protocol from a genetic point of view, scientifically sound strategies need to be put in place to minimize the adverse impacts of stocking. This paper focuses on the potential adverse impacts of stocking and suggests means that can help minimize its adverse impacts on the fish genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75066453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00096.1
D. Rao
There is a renewed global interest in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) for the last several decades, particularly in assessing the diversity of root nodule bacterial populations in diverse geographies. This article focuses on the current status and argues for the establishment of centres of excellence on Nitrogen Fixation, Microbial Inoculants and Soil Ecology to provide sharper focus and impetus for the research and development effort needed for rhizobial strain improvement and for streamlining inoculants supply to help achieve improved soil health and N sustainability.
{"title":"Diversity of Root Nodule Bacteria: Strengthening R&D and Inoculant Supply","authors":"D. Rao","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00096.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00096.1","url":null,"abstract":"There is a renewed global interest in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) for the last several decades, particularly in assessing the diversity of root nodule bacterial populations in diverse geographies. This article focuses on the current status and argues for the establishment of centres of excellence on Nitrogen Fixation, Microbial Inoculants and Soil Ecology to provide sharper focus and impetus for the research and development effort needed for rhizobial strain improvement and for streamlining inoculants supply to help achieve improved soil health and N sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75411220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00097.3
K. Rai, R. Rai, Shilpi Singh, L. Rai
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that inhabit diverse environmental conditions worldwide, ranging from freshwater and soil to extreme conditions. Apart from their photosynthesis and nitrogen-fixing abilities, they also produce a large variety of molecules with high potential in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Recent investigations have elucidated that most of the cyanobacteria that belong to orders Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales, and Synechococcales have been extensively characterized. In contrast, those that belong to Pleurocapsales, Chroococcidiopsales, and Gloeobacterales remain unexplored in terms of their molecular diversity and relative bioactivity. In recent decades, molecular biology techniques have revealed valuable insights into the role and functions of various prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria, by precisely mapping their diversity in their natural environment. This review provides an overview of molecular techniquesandtheir advantages and limitations for studying cyanobacterial diversity.
{"title":"Cyanobacterial Diversity Assessment Under Diverse Environments: A Molecular Approach","authors":"K. Rai, R. Rai, Shilpi Singh, L. Rai","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00097.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00097.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that inhabit diverse environmental conditions worldwide, ranging from freshwater and soil to extreme conditions. Apart from their photosynthesis and nitrogen-fixing abilities, they also produce a large variety of molecules with high potential in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Recent investigations have elucidated that most of the cyanobacteria that belong to orders Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales, and Synechococcales have been extensively characterized. In contrast, those that belong to Pleurocapsales, Chroococcidiopsales, and Gloeobacterales remain unexplored in terms of their molecular diversity and relative bioactivity. In recent decades, molecular biology techniques have revealed valuable insights into the role and functions of various prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria, by precisely mapping their diversity in their natural environment. This review provides an overview of molecular techniquesandtheir advantages and limitations for studying cyanobacterial diversity.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74119348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00013.4
M. Shet, S. Hongal, T. Shantappa, S. Veeresha, R. Jagadeesha
{"title":"Survey, Collection and Preliminary Observation of Culinary Melon Germplasm from Southern India","authors":"M. Shet, S. Hongal, T. Shantappa, S. Veeresha, R. Jagadeesha","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00013.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73097817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00098.5
N. Sai, A. Devi, D. Balachandar
Agricultural sustainability is possible only when reducing crops’ dependency on chemical fertilizers, improving crops’ ability to grow on marginal soil types, and improving their resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. Though bio inoculants play a crucial role in agricultural sustainability, they are still limited due to low reproducibility in fields due to different crops and cultivars, soil types, and agro-ecological conditions. Traditionally, inoculants are developed through a single isolate study model, i.e., in vitro screening of strains for plant-growth promotion, omitting their interaction with the host plant and soil ecosystem. Hence, a paradigm shift is needed in developing the inoculant to improve the microbe-mediated crop fitness and productivity. In this paper, we framework the synthetic microbial community (SynCom) as a potential resource for developing ecology-based inoculants to augment nutrient acquisition, drought mitigation, and pathogen resistance of crops to ensure sustainability.
{"title":"Synthetic Microbial Community (SynCom) for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"N. Sai, A. Devi, D. Balachandar","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00098.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00098.5","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural sustainability is possible only when reducing crops’ dependency on chemical fertilizers, improving crops’ ability to grow on marginal soil types, and improving their resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. Though bio inoculants play a crucial role in agricultural sustainability, they are still limited due to low reproducibility in fields due to different crops and cultivars, soil types, and agro-ecological conditions. Traditionally, inoculants are developed through a single isolate study model, i.e., in vitro screening of strains for plant-growth promotion, omitting their interaction with the host plant and soil ecosystem. Hence, a paradigm shift is needed in developing the inoculant to improve the microbe-mediated crop fitness and productivity. In this paper, we framework the synthetic microbial community (SynCom) as a potential resource for developing ecology-based inoculants to augment nutrient acquisition, drought mitigation, and pathogen resistance of crops to ensure sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75965240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00040.7
K. Varaprasad, V. Kumari
The Green Revolution helped India to avoid famine and destruction and ensured food security in most developing countries. Currently, India is not only self-suffi cient in food production but also has foodgrain buff er stocks. This agricultural growth revolved around harnessing genetic potential of major food crops developing via high input responsive improved varieties. In the long run, these agricultural technologies, that contributed to food security of an ever-growing population, led to soil degradation, water and air pollution and loss of biodiversity. In order to tackle these negative consequences, agroecology-based agriculture is catching up globally for sustainable development. The agroecology principles are relevant to organic farming, regenerative agriculture, conservation agriculture, nature-based agriculture and several other traditional agri-food systems. Common principle among these traditional agri-food systems is protecting the natural resources including vulnerable bioresources. Using rich crop and landrace/farmer varietal diversity that are nutrient dense, pest resistant and resilient to climate aberrations is a sustainable approach. It is in this context, the need for identifi cation and enhanced use of genetic resources that demand minimal or no chemical inputs yet possess the potential to meet the growing food demand.
{"title":"Agroecology-based Biodiversity Management","authors":"K. Varaprasad, V. Kumari","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00040.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00040.7","url":null,"abstract":"The Green Revolution helped India to avoid famine and destruction and ensured food security in most developing countries. Currently, India is not only self-suffi cient in food production but also has foodgrain buff er stocks. This agricultural growth revolved around harnessing genetic potential of major food crops developing via high input responsive improved varieties. In the long run, these agricultural technologies, that contributed to food security of an ever-growing population, led to soil degradation, water and air pollution and loss of biodiversity. In order to tackle these negative consequences, agroecology-based agriculture is catching up globally for sustainable development. The agroecology principles are relevant to organic farming, regenerative agriculture, conservation agriculture, nature-based agriculture and several other traditional agri-food systems. Common principle among these traditional agri-food systems is protecting the natural resources including vulnerable bioresources. Using rich crop and landrace/farmer varietal diversity that are nutrient dense, pest resistant and resilient to climate aberrations is a sustainable approach. It is in this context, the need for identifi cation and enhanced use of genetic resources that demand minimal or no chemical inputs yet possess the potential to meet the growing food demand.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00048.1
M. Elangovan, K. Venkatesh, Sushil Pandey, C. Pandey
The global as well as Indian agriculture has witnessed tremendous growth in food production in the recent decades to meet the growing population, however it is also facing challenges such as climate change and malnutrition. Millets provide a great opportunity due to their climate resilient hardy nature and can be chosen to replace the conventional crops in the dry and marginal areas. In addition, millets are also rich in several vital micronutrients and vitamins necessary for reducing malnutrition and provide multiple health benefits. The National Genebank at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi and Millets Genebank at ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad conserves approximately one lakh accessions of millets germplasm which can be of great use in identification and development of improved millets cultivars. This article enlists the different aspects of importance of millets in reducing the risk of climate change and malnutrition, SWOT analysis for utilization of millets germplasm resources, future prospects and action points for greater and efficient use of millet germplasm in India.
{"title":"International Year of Millets 2023: Opportunity for Enhancing the Use of Indian Millets Germplasm","authors":"M. Elangovan, K. Venkatesh, Sushil Pandey, C. Pandey","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00048.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00048.1","url":null,"abstract":"The global as well as Indian agriculture has witnessed tremendous growth in food production in the recent decades to meet the growing population, however it is also facing challenges such as climate change and malnutrition. Millets provide a great opportunity due to their climate resilient hardy nature and can be chosen to replace the conventional crops in the dry and marginal areas. In addition, millets are also rich in several vital micronutrients and vitamins necessary for reducing malnutrition and provide multiple health benefits. The National Genebank at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi and Millets Genebank at ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad conserves approximately one lakh accessions of millets germplasm which can be of great use in identification and development of improved millets cultivars. This article enlists the different aspects of importance of millets in reducing the risk of climate change and malnutrition, SWOT analysis for utilization of millets germplasm resources, future prospects and action points for greater and efficient use of millet germplasm in India.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89246664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00055.9
K. J. John, K. Pradheep, E. Nayar
A sound understanding of the principles and practices of plant taxonomy is essential for plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation. Identification of new crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa, designating appropriate taxon status for discontinuous variants representing a geographical area, developing descriptors for new crops, and recruiting wild economic plants and semi-domesticates into cultivation, all require a good taxonomic base. The taxonomy of cultivated plants is essentially governed by a different set of guidelines under International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). Biosystematic analysis helps to elucidate the genepool relationship of wild relatives with the crop, thereby promoting its utilization in crop improvement.
{"title":"Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics in PGR Collecting and Conservation","authors":"K. J. John, K. Pradheep, E. Nayar","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00055.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00055.9","url":null,"abstract":"A sound understanding of the principles and practices of plant taxonomy is essential for plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation. Identification of new crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa, designating appropriate taxon status for discontinuous variants representing a geographical area, developing descriptors for new crops, and recruiting wild economic plants and semi-domesticates into cultivation, all require a good taxonomic base. The taxonomy of cultivated plants is essentially governed by a different set of guidelines under International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). Biosystematic analysis helps to elucidate the genepool relationship of wild relatives with the crop, thereby promoting its utilization in crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76730589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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