Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00087.0
R. Singh, P. Divya, V. Mohindra, K. Lal
Intraspecific variation includes the genetic and phenotypic diversity found within and among populations that are often threatened by a reduction in population, local extinctions, climate change, and anthropogenic activities. Documentation of these below-species level variations constitutes the primary step towards conservation. High-resolution genetic markers can potentially be deployed to understand the pattern of genetic diversity at intra and inter-specific levels. The inferences drawn from genetic diversity analysis holds many applications, mainly taxonomy/systematics of species, understanding their genetic connectivity, identifying the breeding populations/ parentage assignment, fisheries management, and conservation measures including ranching programs for the purpose of genetic rescue and stock enhancement of wild relatives. These variations form strong foundation for creating base populations in a selective breeding program. With the adoption of novel high-resolution molecular tools and genome-wide approach, a comprehensive set of applications relevant to fisheries management, aquaculture development, biosecurity, and traceability in the supply chain system, can successfully provide momentum to the sectorial growth. This article highlights the significance and need for intraspecific genetic variabilities; and presents lead research undertaken for registering the genetic stocks and elite germplasm in the country, along with significant breakthroughs globally.
{"title":"Diversity of Fish Genetic Resources below the Species Level, Characterization and Applications in Resource Management","authors":"R. Singh, P. Divya, V. Mohindra, K. Lal","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00087.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00087.0","url":null,"abstract":"Intraspecific variation includes the genetic and phenotypic diversity found within and among populations that are often threatened by a reduction in population, local extinctions, climate change, and anthropogenic activities. Documentation of these below-species level variations constitutes the primary step towards conservation. High-resolution genetic markers can potentially be deployed to understand the pattern of genetic diversity at intra and inter-specific levels. The inferences drawn from genetic diversity analysis holds many applications, mainly taxonomy/systematics of species, understanding their genetic connectivity, identifying the breeding populations/ parentage assignment, fisheries management, and conservation measures including ranching programs for the purpose of genetic rescue and stock enhancement of wild relatives. These variations form strong foundation for creating base populations in a selective breeding program. With the adoption of novel high-resolution molecular tools and genome-wide approach, a comprehensive set of applications relevant to fisheries management, aquaculture development, biosecurity, and traceability in the supply chain system, can successfully provide momentum to the sectorial growth. This article highlights the significance and need for intraspecific genetic variabilities; and presents lead research undertaken for registering the genetic stocks and elite germplasm in the country, along with significant breakthroughs globally.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82428658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00094.8
Manoharachary Chakravarthula
{"title":"Microbial Genetic Resources: Some Aspects and Prospects","authors":"Manoharachary Chakravarthula","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00094.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00094.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88231376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00022.5
P. Govindaraj, V. Amalraj
{"title":"Expedition Collection, Characterization and Diversity Analysis of the New Wild Sugarcane Germplasm from Manipur","authors":"P. Govindaraj, V. Amalraj","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00022.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88992478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00111.5
A. Agrawal
{"title":"Contributions of Dr RS Paroda to the Field of Genetic Resource Management","authors":"A. Agrawal","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00111.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00111.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79794520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00061.4
B. Mal
This paper reinforces the importance of underutilized crops and the need for organized research efforts for their improvement. These include species also classified as underexploited crops, under-developed crops, underused crops, abandoned crops, lost crops, orphan crops, minor crops, traditional crops, forgotten crops, vanishing crops, local crops, indigenous crops, niche crops, life support species, poor people’s crops, subsistence crops, crops for future, nutri-rich crops, and new potential crops, which have great potential to be used in mainsteam agriculture. The domestication of new crops would promote agricultural diversity and could provide a solution to many of the problems associated with intensive agriculture. Being nutritionally very rich, they have proved good potential for food and nutritional security, health and income generation especially for local communities. The use of modern science to improve their productivity, value addition and use by agro-industries are new opportunities that need to be harnessed.
{"title":"Conservation and Use of Underutilized Crops: Challenges and Way Forward","authors":"B. Mal","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00061.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00061.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reinforces the importance of underutilized crops and the need for organized research efforts for their improvement. These include species also classified as underexploited crops, under-developed crops, underused crops, abandoned crops, lost crops, orphan crops, minor crops, traditional crops, forgotten crops, vanishing crops, local crops, indigenous crops, niche crops, life support species, poor people’s crops, subsistence crops, crops for future, nutri-rich crops, and new potential crops, which have great potential to be used in mainsteam agriculture. The domestication of new crops would promote agricultural diversity and could provide a solution to many of the problems associated with intensive agriculture. Being nutritionally very rich, they have proved good potential for food and nutritional security, health and income generation especially for local communities. The use of modern science to improve their productivity, value addition and use by agro-industries are new opportunities that need to be harnessed.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78014474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00001.8
P. G. Gore, S. Hajong, Mohar Singh, Neeta Singh, Veena . Gupta
{"title":"Evaluation and Validation of Bold Seeded Accession in Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi]","authors":"P. G. Gore, S. Hajong, Mohar Singh, Neeta Singh, Veena . Gupta","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00001.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00001.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73181956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00045.6
H. Upadhyaya, A. Paterson
Crop germplasm diversity contributes to developing improved crop cultivars aimed at increasing crop productivity to meet future food security needs of world. The large size of germplasm collections and lack of reliable information on traits of economic importance has resulted in low use (<1%) of germplasm. To facilitate realization of the potential benefits of germplasm collections to broaden the genetic base of cultivars in many crops, the mini core (~1% of the entire collection) concept was postulated and a development process proposed, to produce resources recognized globally as an “International Public Good” (IPG). Mini core collections have been developed in several crops and new diverse sources of genetic variation identified for biotic and abiotic stresses, agronomic and nutritional traits for use in crop improvement programs. Using genetically diverse sources scientists have developed breeding lines with enhanced trait expression and higher genetic gains. Molecular characterization of germplasm has revealed that phenotypic traits were as effective as molecular markers in sampling allelic diversity to form mini core collections.
{"title":"Mini Core Germplasm Collections for Developing Climate Resilient Crop Cultivars and Achieving Enhanced Genetic Gains in Plant Breeding Programs","authors":"H. Upadhyaya, A. Paterson","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00045.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00045.6","url":null,"abstract":"Crop germplasm diversity contributes to developing improved crop cultivars aimed at increasing crop productivity to meet future food security needs of world. The large size of germplasm collections and lack of reliable information on traits of economic importance has resulted in low use (<1%) of germplasm. To facilitate realization of the potential benefits of germplasm collections to broaden the genetic base of cultivars in many crops, the mini core (~1% of the entire collection) concept was postulated and a development process proposed, to produce resources recognized globally as an “International Public Good” (IPG). Mini core collections have been developed in several crops and new diverse sources of genetic variation identified for biotic and abiotic stresses, agronomic and nutritional traits for use in crop improvement programs. Using genetically diverse sources scientists have developed breeding lines with enhanced trait expression and higher genetic gains. Molecular characterization of germplasm has revealed that phenotypic traits were as effective as molecular markers in sampling allelic diversity to form mini core collections.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81717072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00052.3
T. Behera, Jagdish Singh, R. K. Dubey, S. Tiwari
Vegetable crops are key sources of essential micronutrients required for good health. They add fiber, flavor, taste, and nutritional quality to human diets. Increasing production and consumption of vegetables constitutes a direct and affordable way to deliver better health and overcome malnutrition. Vegetable production has the potential to generate more income and employment than any other segment of the agricultural economy. Vegetables can be grown on small areas of land, close to the consumers in urban and peri-urban settings, and they do not necessarily need advanced technologies to grow them. To realize those benefits, governments and donors need to give more weight and support to the ex situ, on-farm, and in situ conservation of genetic resources including farmers’ varieties, landraces, and wild related species of global, as well as traditional, vegetables.
{"title":"Vegetable Genetic Resources to Mitigate Nutritional Insecurity in India","authors":"T. Behera, Jagdish Singh, R. K. Dubey, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00052.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00052.3","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable crops are key sources of essential micronutrients required for good health. They add fiber, flavor, taste, and nutritional quality to human diets. Increasing production and consumption of vegetables constitutes a direct and affordable way to deliver better health and overcome malnutrition. Vegetable production has the potential to generate more income and employment than any other segment of the agricultural economy. Vegetables can be grown on small areas of land, close to the consumers in urban and peri-urban settings, and they do not necessarily need advanced technologies to grow them. To realize those benefits, governments and donors need to give more weight and support to the ex situ, on-farm, and in situ conservation of genetic resources including farmers’ varieties, landraces, and wild related species of global, as well as traditional, vegetables.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86084868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00076.6
A. Mishra
Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of Indian agriculture. Scientific, technological advancements and introduction of high yielding germplasm have led to great expansion of poultry industry in last few decades. However, now a day’s indigenous breeds are gaining importance due to increasing demand for their quality products. The peoples are ready to pay higher cost to egg and meat of indigenous breeds due to their quality and taste. Native breeds are acceptable by the local people since it suits their socio-cultural way of life. The traditional system of poultry production is still prevalent in the rural areas and is the backbone of rural poultry production. Presently the poultry farming have two distinct facets- the commercial – high input intensive production and extensive low-input rural/backyard poultry production. Each one is equally important, but has widely diverse input needs, especially the type of germplasm. Chicken and ducks are two major avian species in India used for production of eggs and meat both under un-organized and organized sector. The wide variation of agro-climatic conditions has facilitated the evolution and development of many poultry breeds out of which 19 chickens, 2 duck and 1 of geese have been registered.
{"title":"Poultry Genetic Resources of India and its Role in Rural Poultry Production","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00076.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00076.6","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of Indian agriculture. Scientific, technological advancements and introduction of high yielding germplasm have led to great expansion of poultry industry in last few decades. However, now a day’s indigenous breeds are gaining importance due to increasing demand for their quality products. The peoples are ready to pay higher cost to egg and meat of indigenous breeds due to their quality and taste. Native breeds are acceptable by the local people since it suits their socio-cultural way of life. The traditional system of poultry production is still prevalent in the rural areas and is the backbone of rural poultry production. Presently the poultry farming have two distinct facets- the commercial – high input intensive production and extensive low-input rural/backyard poultry production. Each one is equally important, but has widely diverse input needs, especially the type of germplasm. Chicken and ducks are two major avian species in India used for production of eggs and meat both under un-organized and organized sector. The wide variation of agro-climatic conditions has facilitated the evolution and development of many poultry breeds out of which 19 chickens, 2 duck and 1 of geese have been registered.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85525356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00077.8
M. Tantia, R. Aggarwal, Rekha Sharma
Livestock sector forms an important livelihood activity for most of the farmers, supporting agriculture in the form of critical inputs, contributing to the health and nutrition of the household, supplementing incomes, offering employment opportunities, and finally being a dependable “bank on hooves” in times of need. India has vast Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR), which play a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses. AnGR is also of significant social and cultural importance, supplementing family incomes and generating gainful employment in the rural sector, particularly among the landless, small, marginal farmers and women. Global demand for livestock products is expected to double by 2050, mainly due to improvement in the worldwide standard of living. Meanwhile, extensive livestock production systems are being fast replaced with intensive and industrial production system due to change in land use, higher demand of livestock product and more and more keepers shifting to high producing improved breeds. The loss of a breed means the loss of a livelihood strategy and loss of indigenous knowledge. It also emphasizes the need for the active involvement of indigenous communities and the role of local knowledge and institutions in conservation.
{"title":"Conservation for Effective Management of AnGR in India","authors":"M. Tantia, R. Aggarwal, Rekha Sharma","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00077.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00077.8","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock sector forms an important livelihood activity for most of the farmers, supporting agriculture in the form of critical inputs, contributing to the health and nutrition of the household, supplementing incomes, offering employment opportunities, and finally being a dependable “bank on hooves” in times of need. India has vast Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR), which play a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses. AnGR is also of significant social and cultural importance, supplementing family incomes and generating gainful employment in the rural sector, particularly among the landless, small, marginal farmers and women. Global demand for livestock products is expected to double by 2050, mainly due to improvement in the worldwide standard of living. Meanwhile, extensive livestock production systems are being fast replaced with intensive and industrial production system due to change in land use, higher demand of livestock product and more and more keepers shifting to high producing improved breeds. The loss of a breed means the loss of a livelihood strategy and loss of indigenous knowledge. It also emphasizes the need for the active involvement of indigenous communities and the role of local knowledge and institutions in conservation.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79452353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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