Batteries & Supercaps最新文献_第8页

Statistical Analysis of Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation: Correlation of Gas Composition, Electrochemical Data and Performance 固体电解质界面形成的统计分析：气体成分、电化学数据和性能的相关性

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400291

Sebastian Klick, Karl Martin Graff, Gereon Stahl, Egbert Figgemeier, Dirk Uwe Sauer

The SEI is a crucial yet little understood component of lithium‐ion batteries. The specific formation processes creating the SEI are still a matter of current research. In our paper, we analyse the electrochemical processes by incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and correlate these results with the evolved gas species and subsequent performance of the cells. 101 cells in total divided in three groups with different electrolytes performed a formation cycle. Afterwards gas‐samples of half of the cells were extracted for analysis. We found a good correlation between variations of gas composition and noticeable ICA‐data. Furthermore we explore correlations between formation and initial cell performance after a total of 10 cycles. Our results open new possibilities for a better understanding of formation processes.

SEI 是锂离子电池的重要组成部分，但人们对其了解甚少。产生 SEI 的具体形成过程仍是当前的研究课题。在本文中，我们通过增量容量分析（ICA）对电化学过程进行了分析，并将这些结果与演化出的气体种类和电池的后续性能联系起来。总共 101 个电池分为三组，使用不同的电解质进行了一次形成循环。之后，我们提取了一半电池的气体样本进行分析。我们发现气体成分的变化与明显的 ICA 数据之间存在良好的相关性。此外，我们还探索了 10 个循环后电池形成与初始性能之间的相关性。我们的研究结果为更好地了解形成过程提供了新的可能性。

引用次数: 0

On the Selection of the Current Collector for Water Processed Activated Carbon Electrodes for their Application in Electrochemical Capacitors 关于水处理活性炭电极在电化学电容器中应用的集流体的选择

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400405

Maria Arnaiz, Paulo Luis, Silvia Martin-Fuentes, Jon Ajuria

Electrode manufacturing for electrochemical energy storage technologies often relies on hazardous fluorine‐containing compounds and toxic organic solvents. To align with sustainability goals and reduce costs, there is a pressing need for water‐processable alternatives. These alternatives can halve electrode processing costs and ease regulatory burdens. While progress has been made with water‐processed graphite electrodes using eco‐friendly binders, challenges persist for high‐mass loading activated carbon (AC) electrodes. This study investigates the impact of modified aluminium current collectors on water‐processed AC electrodes, focusing on compatibility, processability, and electrochemical performance. Various aluminium foils, including etched and carbon‐coated types, were evaluated. The results show that modifications at the interface significantly improve the wetting properties and mechanical stability. Electrochemical tests revealed that carbon‐coated aluminium provided the lowest internal resistance and highest rate capability due to intimate contact between the electrode components. In contrast, etched aluminium foil exhibited higher contact resistance and poorer performance. Ageing studies demonstrated that carbon‐coated foils maintained better electrochemical performance over time, as the carbon layer reduced degradation reactions and contact resistance. These findings suggest that uniformly carbon‐coated aluminium current collectors are the optimal choice for high‐power electrochemical capacitors, balancing performance, sustainability, and cost‐efficiency.

电化学储能技术的电极制造通常依赖于有害的含氟化合物和有毒的有机溶剂。为了实现可持续发展目标并降低成本，迫切需要可用水加工的替代品。这些替代品可将电极加工成本减半，并减轻监管负担。虽然使用环保型粘合剂的水处理石墨电极取得了进展，但高负载活性炭（AC）电极仍面临挑战。本研究调查了改性铝集流体对水处理交流电极的影响，重点关注兼容性、可加工性和电化学性能。对各种铝箔（包括蚀刻和碳涂层类型）进行了评估。结果表明，在界面上进行改性可显著改善润湿性能和机械稳定性。电化学测试表明，由于电极部件之间的亲密接触，碳涂层铝的内阻最小，速率能力最高。相比之下，蚀刻铝箔的接触电阻更大，性能更差。老化研究表明，随着时间的推移，碳涂层铝箔能保持更好的电化学性能，因为碳层能减少降解反应和接触电阻。这些研究结果表明，均匀涂碳的铝电流收集器是大功率电化学电容器的最佳选择，可兼顾性能、可持续性和成本效益。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Composition, Local Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of (Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni)3O4 Anode Material 合成条件对（Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni）3O4 阳极材料的成分、局部结构和电化学行为的影响

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400350

Nina Kosova, Kseniya V. Mishchenko, Pavel Yu. Tyapkin, Arseny B. Slobodyuk, Maria A. Kirsanova

Disordered high entropy spinels (HES) (Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni)3O4 were obtained by solid‐state synthesis and co‐precipitation using various powder precursors. They were characterized by a complex of physico‐chemical methods and investigated as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). According to XRD and TEM data, the materials are single‐phase. The structural characterization of the samples obtained at 773, 973, and 1273 K was determined using Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The degree of spinel inversion and lattice distortion (microstrains) decrease with increasing synthesis temperature, while the crystallite size increases. The insufficient nickel content in the samples ensures a more uniform distribution of iron cations in both sublattices, which leads to an increase in the lattice parameters and has a positive effect on the de‐/lithiation. Repeated ball‐milling of HES material, prepared by co‐precipitation, increases its specific capacity from 284 mAh·g‐1 to 492 mAh·g‐1 at a current density of 100 mA·g‐1 after 25 cycles. Besides, the smaller crystallite size reduces the volume changes in the materials during de‐/lithiation.

利用各种粉末前驱体，通过固态合成和共沉淀获得了无序高熵尖晶石（HES）（Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni）3O4。研究人员采用多种物理化学方法对其进行了表征，并将其作为锂离子电池 (LIB) 的负极材料进行了研究。根据 XRD 和 TEM 数据，这些材料是单相的。在 773、973 和 1273 K 下获得的样品的结构特征是通过拉曼光谱、莫斯鲍尔光谱和磁性测量确定的。尖晶石反转程度和晶格畸变（微应变）随着合成温度的升高而减小，同时晶粒尺寸增大。样品中的镍含量不足可确保铁阳离子在两个亚晶格中的分布更加均匀，从而导致晶格参数增加，并对脱铁/锂化产生积极影响。通过共沉淀法制备的 HES 材料在经过 25 次循环后，在 100 mA-g-1 的电流密度下，比容量从 284 mAh-g-1 增加到 492 mAh-g-1。此外，较小的晶粒尺寸减少了材料在去石灰化过程中的体积变化。

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引用次数: 0

Electrospun Quasi-Composite Polymer Electrolyte with Hydoxyl-Anchored Aluminosilicate Zeolitic Network for Dendrite Free Lithium Metal Batteries 电纺丝准复合聚合物电解质与水氧锚定铝硅酸盐沸石网络用于无枝晶型锂电池

IF 5.1 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400299

Jenny Johnson, Sajan Raj Sasirajan Littleflower, Kumaran Vediappan, Helen Annal Therese

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries have reshaped emerging safe battery technologies. However, their low metal ion transport and unstable electrode electrolyte interface make their mass production a huge question. To bridge the emerging solid state and traditional liquid electrolytes, we focus on Quasi-Composite Polymer electrolytes (QCPE). Herein, we develop QCPE with active 3D alumino-silicate zeolitic ion conduction pathways embedded in a polymer matrix using two techniques- solution casting and electrospinning. Electrospun QCPE outperforms Solution cast QCPE by achieving high amorphous behavior. Prompt elimination of solvent during electrospinning decreases bulk resistance and increases its ionic conductivity. The Zeolitic pathway anchored by hydroxyl groups of PVA polymer acts as a highway for Li⁺ ions. It exhibits highly stable platting stripping vs Li⁺/Li for 450 hours with low overpotential, confirming the interfacial compatibility and dendrite-free cycling at lithium metal anode. Controlled lithium-ion nucleation regulated by evenly distributed zeolitic pathway is an interesting front of this work. To test QCPE's performance in Lithium metal battery (LMB), the electrospun QCPE is used to fabricate LMB with LiFePO₄ cathode. This battery system delivered a high capacity of 155 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C. In addition to the high performance, electrospun QCPE production is scalable at an industrial scale.

全固态锂金属电池重塑了新兴的安全电池技术。然而，由于金属离子传输率低和电极电解质界面不稳定，其大规模生产成为一个巨大的问题。为了在新兴固态电解质和传统液态电解质之间架起一座桥梁，我们重点研究了准复合聚合物电解质（QCPE）。在这里，我们采用溶液浇铸和电纺丝两种技术，开发了具有活性三维铝硅酸盐沸石离子传导路径的 QCPE，并将其嵌入聚合物基质中。电纺 QCPE 的性能优于溶液浇注 QCPE，因为它具有高非晶态特性。在电纺过程中及时去除溶剂可降低体积电阻，提高离子导电率。由 PVA 聚合物的羟基锚定的沸石路径是 Li+ 离子的通道。这种聚合物在 450 小时内对 Li+/Li 进行高度稳定的电镀剥离，过电位较低，从而证实了其界面兼容性以及在锂金属阳极上的无枝晶循环。通过均匀分布的沸石途径调节锂离子成核是这项工作的一个有趣方面。为了测试 QCPE 在锂金属电池（LMB）中的性能，电纺 QCPE 被用于制造具有 LiFePO4 正极的 LMB。该电池系统在 0.1C 时可提供 155 mAh g-1 的高容量。除了高性能之外，电纺 QCPE 的生产还可扩展到工业规模。

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引用次数: 0

Prussian Blue Analogues Derived Bimetallic CoNi@NC as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst for Mg‐Air Batteries 普鲁士蓝类似物衍生双金属 CoNi@NC 作为镁-空气电池的高效氧气还原反应催化剂

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400418

Xiaoyang Dong, Jinxing Wang, Junqian Ling, Ying Zhang, Junyao Xu, Wen Zeng, Guangsheng Huang, Jingfeng Wang, Fusheng Pan

The magnesium‐air (Mg‐air) batteries are regarded as a highly promising system for electrochemical energy conversion and storage, owing to exceptional energy density, notable safety and eco‐friendliness. The development of high‐performance and durable non‐noble metal catalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for advancing the practical use of Mg‐air batteries. The synergistic interaction between different metals in bimetallic catalysts is an effective strategy for enhancing the activity and stability of the catalysts. Herein, various prussian blue analogues (PBA) were selected as precursors to synthesis the bimetallic CoNi@NC, monometallic Co@NC and Ni@NC catalysts due to tunable chemical compositions. Compared with Co@NC and Ni@NC, the bimetallic CoNi@NC pyrolyzed at 600°C (CoNi@NC‐600) exhibits outstanding ORR performances and stability in alkaline (0.1 M KOH) and neutral (3.5 wt% NaCl) electrolytes. Following 5000 CV cycles, the half‐wave potentials for CoNi@NC‐600 show only minor negative shifts of 8 and 7 mV, respectively. Meanwhile, the CoNi@NC‐600 possesses the similar ORR reaction mechanism and activity with Pt/C. The primary Mg‐air battery assembled with CoNi@NC‐600 displays better discharge performances than that of Co@NC and Ni@NC. This study lays the foundation for future investigations into the advancement of non‐precious bimetallic catalysts for ORR in Mg‐air batteries.

镁-空气（Mg-air）电池具有能量密度高、安全性高和生态友好等特点，被认为是一种非常有前途的电化学能量转换和储存系统。开发用于阴极氧还原反应（ORR）的高性能、耐用的非贵金属催化剂对于推动镁-空气电池的实际应用至关重要。双金属催化剂中不同金属之间的协同作用是提高催化剂活性和稳定性的有效策略。本文选择了多种普鲁士蓝类似物（PBA）作为前驱体，合成了化学成分可调的双金属 CoNi@NC、单金属 Co@NC 和 Ni@NC 催化剂。与 Co@NC 和 Ni@NC 相比，在 600°C 高温下热解的双金属 CoNi@NC（CoNi@NC-600）在碱性（0.1 M KOH）和中性（3.5 wt% NaCl）电解质中表现出卓越的 ORR 性能和稳定性。在 5000 次 CV 循环后，CoNi@NC-600 的半波电位仅分别出现 8 mV 和 7 mV 的轻微负偏移。同时，CoNi@NC-600 与 Pt/C 具有相似的 ORR 反应机制和活性。与 Co@NC 和 Ni@NC 相比，用 CoNi@NC-600 组装的镁-空气原电池具有更好的放电性能。这项研究为今后研究非贵金属双金属催化剂在镁-空气电池中的 ORR 应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

All colloidal supercapattery: colloid@carbon cloth electrodes meet "water‐in‐salt" electrolyte 全胶体超级电池：胶体@碳布电极与 "盐包水 "电解质的结合

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400380

Xiangfei Sun, Kunfeng Chen, Dongfeng Xue

The pursuit of excellent electrochemical performance, nonflammability and environmental friendliness of aqueous batteries and supercapacitors has driven efforts to find high‐energy yet reliable electrode materials and electrolyte solutions. Here, all colloidal supercapattery are developed using high‐concentration "water‐in‐salt" electrolytes (LiTFSI‐KOH) and pseudocapacitive colloid@carbon cloth as both positive and negative electrodes, which showed merits of batteries and supercapacitors. Ni/Co‐colloid @carbon cloth positive and Fe‐colloid @carbon cloth negative electrodes can be synthesized by in situ electrochemical reaction. The maximum operating voltage of an aqueous colloidal supercapattery is 1.8 V, and the energy density can reach 73.98 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1799.5 W kg‐1. The specific capacitance of the aqueous colloidal supercapattery still maintains 74.3% of the initial after 2000 cycles of charge/discharge measurement. The combination of quasi ion colloidal materials and "water‐in‐salt" electrolyte pave a profound way to achieve high energy and power ability simultaneously at the supercapattery device.

对水性电池和超级电容器的卓越电化学性能、不可燃性和环保性的追求，推动着人们努力寻找高能量且可靠的电极材料和电解质溶液。在此，利用高浓度 "盐包水 "电解质（LiTFSI-KOH）和伪电容胶体@碳布作为正负极，开发了所有胶体超级电容器，显示了电池和超级电容器的优点。镍/钴胶体@碳布正极和铁胶体@碳布负极可通过原位电化学反应合成。水性胶体超级电容器的最大工作电压为 1.8 V，能量密度可达 73.98 Wh kg-1，功率密度为 1799.5 W kg-1。水性胶体超级电池的比电容在经过 2000 次充放电测量后，仍能保持初始值的 74.3%。准离子胶体材料与 "盐包水 "电解质的结合为超级电池装置同时实现高能量和高功率能力铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Ethanediamine Intercalation Induced Hydrogen Bond Network in Vanadium Oxide for Ultralong‐Life Aqueous Ammonium Ion Batteries 乙二胺互嵌诱导氧化钒中的氢键网络，用于超长寿命铵离子水电池

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400426

Tzu-Hao Lu, Qiyu Liu, Jinjun He, Hao Liu, Yanxia Yu, Yi Wang, Xihong Lu

Aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AAIBs) have received tremendous attention as a potential energy technology, but their development is severely challenged by the fact that the as‐reported electrode materials are usually unable to meet the requirements of high capacity and high stability simultaneously. Herein, an organic‐inorganic hybrid material of ethanediamine (EDA) intercalated vanadium oxide (VO‐EDA) is synthesized as a high‐performance anode material for AAIBs. The intercalated EDA molecules not only act as an electron donor to bind with NH4+, but also form hydrogen bonding network structures with vanadium oxides to facilitate charge/ion transfer. As a result, this hybrid material provides a high specific capacity of 104.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good cycling stability after 5000 cycles 10 A g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of ~100%. Moreover, the ammonium‐ion full cell based on VO‐EDA anode and NiHCF cathode achieves a specific capacity of 55 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and impressive cycling stability with 88.6% capacity retention after 10000 cycles at 5 A g−1.

作为一种潜在的能源技术，水铵离子电池（AAIBs）受到了极大的关注，但由于目前报道的电极材料通常无法同时满足高容量和高稳定性的要求，其发展受到了严峻的挑战。本文合成了一种乙二胺（EDA）插层氧化钒（VO-EDA）有机无机杂化材料，作为 AAIBs 的高性能阳极材料。插层乙二胺分子不仅可以作为电子供体与 NH4+ 结合，还能与氧化钒形成氢键网络结构，促进电荷/离子转移。因此，这种混合材料在 0.5 A g-1 条件下具有 104.4 mAh g-1 的高比容量，在 10 A g-1 条件下循环 5000 次后具有良好的循环稳定性，库仑效率约为 100%。此外，基于 VO-EDA 阳极和 NiHCF 阴极的铵离子全电池在 0.1 A g-1 电流条件下的比容量为 55 mAh g-1，在 5 A g-1 电流条件下循环 10000 次后的容量保持率为 88.6%，循环稳定性令人印象深刻。

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引用次数: 0

Motional Resistance as Highly Selective Descriptor to Probe Dynamic Formation of Surface Films on Zinc Anode 作为高选择性描述符探测锌阳极表面膜的动态形成

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400338

Sangram Keshari Mohanty, Yeongin Ok, Eun Su Kim, Yuwon Park, Ji Heon Ryu, Junyoung Mun, Jeonghyeon Lee, Kyu Hyun, Madhusudana Koratikere Srinivasa, Hyein Jeong, Sri Charan Reddy, Hyun Deog Yoo

Zinc anodes are expected as a promising alternative to lithium‐based anodes in energy storage systems due to their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and environmental friendliness. However, the development of efficient and stable zinc anode requires a fundamental understanding of the interfacial processes occurring during zinc deposition and dissolution cycling. In this study, we employed electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) analysis to investigate the potential‐dependent formation and decomposition of surface films on zinc metal anodes in sulfate‐based aqueous electrolytes. Changes in frequency and motional resistance served as complementary descriptors, with motional resistance being a highly selective indicator for probing dynamic surface film formation driven by side reactions at the zinc anode. While the frequency change provided the overall changes in the mass of both zinc metal and surface films, changes in the motional resistance selectively reflected the amount and nature of the visco‐elastic interface that comprise the surface films. The two descriptors provide quantitative and complementary means to discover the complex interfacial processes such as the formation of surface visco‐elastic films, guiding to the development of more stable and efficient zinc‐based electrochemical systems.

锌阳极具有成本低、理论容量高和环保等优点，有望成为储能系统中锂阳极的替代品。然而，要开发高效稳定的锌阳极，需要从根本上了解锌沉积和溶解循环过程中发生的界面过程。在本研究中，我们采用电化学石英晶体微天平 (EQCM) 分析方法，研究了在硫酸盐基水溶液电解质中，锌金属阳极表面薄膜的形成和分解随电势的变化。频率和运动电阻的变化是互补的描述指标，其中运动电阻是探测锌阳极副反应驱动的动态表面膜形成的高选择性指标。频率变化提供了锌金属和表面膜质量的总体变化，而运动电阻的变化则选择性地反映了构成表面膜的粘弹性界面的数量和性质。这两种描述符为发现复杂的界面过程（如表面粘弹性薄膜的形成）提供了定量和互补的方法，有助于开发更稳定、更高效的锌基电化学系统。

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引用次数: 0

From Powder to Pouch Cell: Setting up a Sodium-Ion Battery Reference System Based on Na3V2(PO4)3/C and Hard Carbon 从粉末到袋装电池：建立基于 Na3V2(PO4)3/C 和硬碳的钠离子电池参考系统

IF 5.7 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400406

Pirmin Stüble, Cedric Müller, Nicole Bohn, Marcus Müller, Andreas Hofmann, Tolga Akçay, Julian Klemens, Arnd Koeppe, Satish Kolli, Deepalaxmi Rajagopal, Holger Geßwein, Wilhelm Schabel, Philip Scharfer, Michael Selzer, Joachim R. Binder, Anna Smith

At the research level, novel active materials for batteries are synthesised on a small scale, fabricated into electrodes and electrochemically characterised using each group’s established process due to the lack of standards. Recently, eminent researchers have criticised the implementation of e.g. low active material contents/electrode loadings, the use of research-type battery cell constructions, or the lack of statistically relevant data, resulting in overstated data and thus giving misleading predictions of the key performance indicators of new battery technologies. Here, we report on the establishment of a reference system for the development of sodium-ion batteries. Electrodes are fabricated under relevant conditions using 9.5 mg/cm² self-synthesised Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode active material and 3.6 mg/cm² commercially available hard carbon anode active material. It is found that different types of battery cells are more or less suitable for half- and/ or full-cell testing, resulting in ir/reproducible or underestimated active material capacities. Furthermore, the influence of electrode overhang, which is relevant for upscaling, is evaluated. The demonstrator cell (TRL 4-5) has been further characterised providing measured data on the power/energy density and thermal behaviour during rate testing up to 15 C and projections are made for its practical limits.

在研究层面，由于缺乏标准，用于电池的新型活性材料都是小规模合成的，然后制作成电极，并使用每个小组的既定流程进行电化学表征。最近，知名研究人员批评了这种做法，例如，活性材料含量/电极负载量过低、使用研究型电池结构或缺乏统计相关数据，导致数据被夸大，从而对新电池技术的关键性能指标做出误导性预测。在此，我们报告了钠离子电池开发参考系统的建立情况。在相关条件下，使用 9.5 mg/cm² 自合成 Na3V2(PO4)3/C 阴极活性材料和 3.6 mg/cm² 市售硬碳阳极活性材料制作电极。研究发现，不同类型的电池单元或多或少都适合进行半电池和/或全电池测试，从而导致活性材料的容量不可重现或被低估。此外，还评估了电极悬垂的影响，这与升级有关。对示范电池（TRL 4-5）进行了进一步表征，提供了功率/能量密度的测量数据，以及最高温度为 15 C 的速率测试期间的热行为，并对其实用极限进行了预测。

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引用次数: 0

Hofmeister Effect Mediated Conductivity of Hydrogel Electrolytes for High Performance Supercapacitor 用于高性能超级电容器的水凝胶电解质的霍夫迈斯特效应介导电导率

IF 5.1 4区材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Batteries & Supercaps

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202400245

Bingxi Lv, Qingqing Guo, Xingxiang Ji, Ligang Gai, Libin Liu

Regulating the performance of hydrogel electrolytes by Hofmeister effect has attracted great interest. However, the Hofmeister effects of cations on the conductivity of hydrogel electrolytes are rarely reported. Here, hydrogel electrolytes (polySA) have been fabricated by random copolymerization of zwitterionic monomers in the presence of NH₄Cl, NaCl and LiCl. The weak interaction between NH₄⁺ with water and molecular chains makes polySA-NH₄⁺ electrolyte have high conductivity at room temperatures, whereas the strong interaction between Li⁺ with water and molecular chains makes polySA-Li⁺ electrolyte possess good anti-freezing properties and high mechanical strength. The polySA-Li⁺ hydrogel electrolyte can have a conductivity of 9.63 mS cm⁻¹ at −35 °C. Supercapacitors assembled with polySA-Li⁺ offers high specific capacitance of 52.25 F g⁻¹ at 25 °C and 47.75 F g⁻¹ at −35 °C. The capacitance retention is 94.64 % after 10 days at −35 °C. Our work shows that different properties of hydrogel electrolytes can be achieved by regulating Hofmeister effect, which provides a new way to prepare high-performance energy storage materials.

通过霍夫迈斯特效应调节水凝胶电解质的性能已引起人们的极大兴趣。然而，阳离子对水凝胶电解质电导率的霍夫迈斯特效应却鲜有报道。在此，我们在 NH4Cl、NaCl 和 LiCl 的存在下，通过无规共聚制造出了水凝胶电解质（polySA）。NH4+ 与水和分子链之间的弱相互作用使 polySA-NH4+ 电解质在室温下具有高电导率，而 Li+ 与水和分子链之间的强相互作用则使 polySA-Li+ 电解质具有良好的抗冻性和较高的机械强度。聚SA-Li+ 水凝胶电解质在 -35°C 时的电导率可达 9.63 mS cm-1。用 polySA-Li+ 组装的超级电容器在 25 ℃ 和 -35 ℃ 下分别具有 52.25 F g-1 和 47.75 F g-1 的高比电容。在零下 35 摄氏度条件下使用 10 天后，电容保持率为 94.64%。我们的工作表明，通过调节霍夫迈斯特效应可以实现水凝胶电解质的不同特性，这为制备高性能储能材料提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0