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Cigarette Smoke Extract-Treated Mouse Airway Epithelial Cells-Derived Exosomal LncRNA MEG3 Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization and Pyroptosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Upregulating TREM-1 via m6A Methylation. 香烟烟雾提取物处理过的小鼠气道上皮细胞衍生的外泌体 LncRNA MEG3 通过 m6A 甲基化上调 TREM-1 促进慢性阻塞性肺病中 M1 型巨噬细胞的极化和嗜热性。
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-19 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e3
Lijing Wang, Qiao Yu, Jian Xiao, Qiong Chen, Min Fang, Hongjun Zhao

Cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated mouse airway epithelial cells (MAECs)-derived exosomes accelerate the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by upregulating triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1); however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of CSE-treated MAECs-derived exosomes on M1 macrophage polarization and pyroptosis in COPD. In vitro, exosomes were extracted from CSE-treated MAECs, followed by co-culture with macrophages. In vivo, mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) to induce COPD, followed by injection or/and intranasal instillation with oe-TREM-1 lentivirus. Lung function and pathological changes were evaluated. CD68+ cell number and the levels of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β (M1 macrophage marker), and pyroptosis-related proteins (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-1 recruitment domain, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, gasdermin D [GSDMD], and GSDMD-N) were examined. The expression of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), spleen focus forming virus proviral integration oncogene (SPI1), methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), and TREM-1 was detected and the binding relationships among them were verified. MEG3 increased N6-methyladenosine methylation of TREM-1 by recruiting SPI1 to activate METTL3. Overexpression of TREM-1 or METTL3 negated the alleviative effects of MEG3 inhibition on M1 polarization and pyroptosis. In mice exposed to CS, EXO-CSE further aggravated lung injury, M1 polarization, and pyroptosis, which were reversed by MEG3 inhibition. TREM-1 overexpression negated the palliative effects of MEG3 inhibition on COPD mouse lung injury. Collectively, CSE-treated MAECs-derived exosomal long non-coding RNA MEG3 may expedite M1 macrophage polarization and pyroptosis in COPD via the SPI1/METTL3/TREM-1 axis.

香烟烟雾提取物(CSE)处理过的小鼠气道上皮细胞(MAECs)衍生的外泌体通过上调髓系细胞上表达的触发受体1(TREM-1)加速了慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的进展;然而,其具体机制仍不清楚。我们旨在探索经 CSE 处理的 MAECs 衍生外泌体对慢性阻塞性肺病中 M1 巨噬细胞极化和嗜热的潜在机制。在体外,从 CSE 处理过的 MAECs 中提取外泌体,然后与巨噬细胞共同培养。在体内,小鼠暴露于香烟烟雾(CS)以诱导慢性阻塞性肺病,然后注射或/和鼻内灌注oe-TREM-1慢病毒。对肺功能和病理变化进行了评估。研究人员检测了CD68+细胞的数量、iNOS、TNF-α、IL-1β(M1巨噬细胞标记物)和热凋亡相关蛋白(NOD样受体家族含吡咯啉结构域的3、含caspase-1募集结构域的凋亡相关斑点样蛋白、caspase-1、裂解的caspase-1、gasdermin D [GSDMD]和GSDMD-N)的水平。检测了母体表达基因3(MEG3)、脾脏病灶形成病毒前病毒整合癌基因(SPI1)、甲基转移酶3(METTL3)和TREM-1的表达,并验证了它们之间的结合关系。MEG3通过招募SPI1激活METTL3来增加TREM-1的N6-甲基腺苷甲基化。TREM-1或METTL3的过表达抵消了MEG3抑制对M1极化和脓毒症的缓解作用。在暴露于 CS 的小鼠中,EXO-CSE 进一步加重了肺损伤、M1 极化和脓毒症,而抑制 MEG3 则可逆转这些情况。TREM-1 的过表达否定了 MEG3 抑制对 COPD 小鼠肺损伤的缓解作用。总之,CSE处理的MAECs衍生的外泌体长非编码RNA MEG3可通过SPI1/METTL3/TREM-1轴加速COPD中M1巨噬细胞的极化和脓毒症。
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引用次数: 0
Interleukin-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP): A Long Journey From Discovery to Clinical Application. 白细胞介素-18 结合蛋白 (IL-18BP):从发现到临床应用的漫长历程。
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-15 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e1
Soohyun Kim, Hyeon Yu, Tania Azam, Charles A Dinarello

IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) was originally discovered in 1999 while attempting to identify an IL-18 receptor ligand binding chain (also known as IL-18Rα) by subjecting concentrated human urine to an IL-18 ligand affinity column. The IL-18 ligand chromatography purified molecule was analyzed by protein microsequencing. The result revealed a novel 40 amino acid polypeptide. To isolate the complete open reading frame (ORF), various human and mouse cDNA libraries were screened using cDNA probe derived from the novel IL-18 affinity column bound molecule. The identified entire ORF gene was thought to be an IL-18Rα gene. However, IL-18BP has been proven to be a unique soluble antagonist that shares homology with a variety of viral proteins that are distinct from the IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ chains. The IL-18BP cDNA was used to generate recombinant IL-18BP (rIL-18BP), which was indispensable for characterizing the role of IL-18BP in vitro and in vivo. Mammalian cell lines were used to produce rIL-18BP due to its glycosylation-dependent activity of IL-18BP (approximately 20 kDa). Various forms of rIL-18BP, intact, C-terminal his-tag, and Fc fusion proteins were produced for in vitro and in vivo experiments. Data showed potent neutralization of IL-18 activity, which seems promising for clinical application in immune diseases involving IL-18. However, it was a long journey from discovery to clinical use although there have been various clinical trials since IL-18BP was discovered in 1999. This review primarily covers the discovery of IL-18BP along with how basic research influences the clinical development of IL-18BP.

IL-18 结合蛋白(IL-18BP)最初发现于 1999 年,当时人们试图通过将浓缩的人体尿液置于 IL-18 配体亲和柱中来鉴定 IL-18 受体配体结合链(也称为 IL-18Rα)。通过蛋白质微序列分析了经 IL-18 配体色谱纯化的分子。结果发现了一个新的 40 个氨基酸的多肽。为了分离出完整的开放阅读框(ORF),使用来自新型 IL-18 亲和柱结合分子的 cDNA 探针筛选了各种人类和小鼠 cDNA 文库。鉴定出的整个 ORF 基因被认为是 IL-18Rα 基因。但事实证明,IL-18BP 是一种独特的可溶性拮抗剂,它与多种病毒蛋白具有同源性,与 IL-18Rα 和 IL-18Rβ 链不同。IL-18BP cDNA 被用于生成重组 IL-18BP (rIL-18BP),这对于鉴定 IL-18BP 在体外和体内的作用不可或缺。由于 IL-18BP(约 20 kDa)具有糖基化依赖性活性,因此使用哺乳动物细胞系来生产 rIL-18BP。在体外和体内实验中生产了各种形式的 rIL-18BP,包括完整的、C-端 his-tag 和 Fc 融合蛋白。数据显示,该蛋白能有效中和 IL-18 的活性,有望用于涉及 IL-18 的免疫疾病的临床治疗。然而,尽管自 1999 年发现 IL-18BP 以来已进行了各种临床试验,但从发现到临床应用仍是一个漫长的过程。本综述主要涉及 IL-18BP 的发现以及基础研究如何影响 IL-18BP 的临床开发。
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引用次数: 0
Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Acute Lung Injury by Inducing Regulatory T Cells. 重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2 诱导间充质干细胞通过诱导调节性 T 细胞改善急性肺损伤
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-18 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e48
Jooyeon Lee, Jimin Jang, Sang-Ryul Cha, Se Bi Lee, Seok-Ho Hong, Han-Sol Bae, Young Jin Lee, Se-Ran Yang

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess immunoregulatory properties and their regulatory functions represent a potential therapy for acute lung injury (ALI). However, uncertainties remain with respect to defining MSCs-derived immunomodulatory pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the enhanced effect of human recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) primed ES-MSCs (MSCBMP2) in promoting Tregs in ALI mice. MSC were preconditioned with 100 ng/ml rhBMP-2 for 24 h, and then administrated to mice by intravenous injection after intratracheal injection of 1 mg/kg LPS. Treating MSCs with rhBMP-2 significantly increased cellular proliferation and migration, and cytokines array reveled that cytokines release by MSCBMP2 were associated with migration and growth. MSCBMP2 ameliorated LPS induced lung injury and reduced myeloperoxidase activity and permeability in mice exposed to LPS. Levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased while levels of total glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were further increased via inhibition of phosphorylated STAT1 in ALI mice treated with MSCBMP2. MSCBMP2 treatment increased the protein level of IDO1, indicating an increase in Treg cells, and Foxp3+CD25+ Treg of CD4+ cells were further increased in ALI mice treated with MSCBMP2. In co-culture assays with MSCs and RAW264.7 cells, the protein level of IDO1 was further induced in MSCBMP2. Additionally, cytokine release of IL-10 was enhanced while both IL-6 and TNF-α were further inhibited. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MSCBMP2 has therapeutic potential to reduce massive inflammation of respiratory diseases by promoting Treg cells.

间充质基质/干细胞(MSCs)具有免疫调节特性,其调节功能是治疗急性肺损伤(ALI)的潜在疗法。然而,间充质干细胞衍生免疫调节途径的定义仍存在不确定性。因此,本研究旨在探讨人重组骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)诱导的ES-间充质干细胞(MSCBMP2)促进ALI小鼠Tregs的增强效应的机制。用 100 ng/ml rhBMP-2 预处理间充质干细胞 24 小时,然后在气管内注射 1 mg/kg LPS 后静脉注射给小鼠。细胞因子阵列显示,MSCBMP2释放的细胞因子与迁移和生长有关。MSCBMP2 可改善 LPS 诱导的肺损伤,降低暴露于 LPS 的小鼠的髓过氧化物酶活性和通透性。在接受 MSCBMP2 治疗的 ALI 小鼠中,诱导型一氧化氮合酶水平降低,而总谷胱甘肽水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性则通过抑制磷酸化 STAT1 而进一步提高。用 MSCBMP2 处理 ALI 小鼠后,IDO1 蛋白水平升高,表明 Treg 细胞增加,CD4+ 细胞中的 Foxp3+CD25+ Treg 进一步增加。在间充质干细胞和 RAW264.7 细胞的共培养试验中,MSCBMP2 进一步诱导了 IDO1 的蛋白水平。此外,IL-10 的细胞因子释放增强,而 IL-6 和 TNF-α 则进一步受到抑制。总之,这些研究结果表明,MSCBMP2 具有治疗潜力,可通过促进 Treg 细胞减少呼吸系统疾病的大规模炎症。
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引用次数: 0
Intranasal Immunization With Nanoparticles Containing an Orientia tsutsugamushi Protein Vaccine Candidate and a Polysorbitol Transporter Adjuvant Enhances Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. 用含有恙虫病候选蛋白疫苗和聚山梨醇转运体佐剂的纳米颗粒进行鼻内免疫可增强体液和细胞免疫反应。
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-15 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e47
Cheol Gyun Kim, Won Kyong Kim, Narae Kim, Young Jin Pyung, Da-Jeong Park, Jeong-Cheol Lee, Chong-Su Cho, Hyuk Chu, Cheol-Heui Yun

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease, is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Despite many attempts to develop a protective strategy, an effective preventive vaccine has not been developed. The identification of appropriate Ags that cover diverse antigenic strains and provide long-lasting immunity is a fundamental challenge in the development of a scrub typhus vaccine. We investigated whether this limitation could be overcome by harnessing the nanoparticle-forming polysorbitol transporter (PST) for an O. tsutsugamushi vaccine strategy. Two target proteins, 56-kDa type-specific Ag (TSA56) and surface cell Ag A (ScaA) were used as vaccine candidates. PST formed stable nano-size complexes with TSA56 (TSA56-PST) and ScaA (ScaA-PST); neither exhibited cytotoxicity. The formation of Ag-specific IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgA in mice was enhanced by intranasal vaccination with TSA56-PST or ScaA-PST. The vaccines containing PST induced Ag-specific proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the vaccines containing PST improved the mouse survival against O. tsutsugamushi infection. Collectively, the present study indicated that PST could enhance both Ag-specific humoral immunity and T cell response, which are essential to effectively confer protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi infection. These findings suggest that PST has potential for use in an intranasal vaccination strategy.

恙虫病是一种螨媒传染病,由恙虫病原虫(Orientia tsutsugamushi)引起。尽管人们多次尝试开发保护性策略,但仍未研制出有效的预防性疫苗。在开发恙虫病疫苗的过程中,一个基本的挑战是如何确定适当的抗原,以覆盖不同的抗原菌株并提供持久的免疫力。我们研究了利用纳米颗粒形成的多聚山梨醇转运体(PST)来开发恙虫疫苗是否能克服这一限制。两种目标蛋白,56-kDa 型特异性 Ag(TSA56)和表面细胞 Ag A(ScaA)被用作候选疫苗。PST 与 TSA56(TSA56-PST)和 ScaA(ScaA-PST)形成稳定的纳米级复合物;两者均不表现细胞毒性。通过鼻内接种 TSA56-PST 或 ScaA-PST 可增强小鼠体内 Ag 特异性 IgG2a、IgG2b 和 IgA 的形成。含有 PST 的疫苗可诱导 Ag 特异性 CD8+ 和 CD4+ T 细胞增殖。此外,含有 PST 的疫苗提高了小鼠在恙虫感染中的存活率。总之,本研究表明,PST 可增强恙虫特异性体液免疫和 T 细胞应答,而这两种免疫对于有效抵抗恙虫感染至关重要。这些研究结果表明,PST 有潜力用于鼻内疫苗接种策略。
{"title":"Intranasal Immunization With Nanoparticles Containing an <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> Protein Vaccine Candidate and a Polysorbitol Transporter Adjuvant Enhances Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses.","authors":"Cheol Gyun Kim, Won Kyong Kim, Narae Kim, Young Jin Pyung, Da-Jeong Park, Jeong-Cheol Lee, Chong-Su Cho, Hyuk Chu, Cheol-Heui Yun","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e47","DOIUrl":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease, is caused by <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i>. Despite many attempts to develop a protective strategy, an effective preventive vaccine has not been developed. The identification of appropriate Ags that cover diverse antigenic strains and provide long-lasting immunity is a fundamental challenge in the development of a scrub typhus vaccine. We investigated whether this limitation could be overcome by harnessing the nanoparticle-forming polysorbitol transporter (PST) for an <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> vaccine strategy. Two target proteins, 56-kDa type-specific Ag (TSA56) and surface cell Ag A (ScaA) were used as vaccine candidates. PST formed stable nano-size complexes with TSA56 (TSA56-PST) and ScaA (ScaA-PST); neither exhibited cytotoxicity. The formation of Ag-specific IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgA in mice was enhanced by intranasal vaccination with TSA56-PST or ScaA-PST. The vaccines containing PST induced Ag-specific proliferation of CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Furthermore, the vaccines containing PST improved the mouse survival against <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> infection. Collectively, the present study indicated that PST could enhance both Ag-specific humoral immunity and T cell response, which are essential to effectively confer protective immunity against <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> infection. These findings suggest that PST has potential for use in an intranasal vaccination strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IL-17 Imbalance Promotes the Pyroptosis in Immune-Mediated Liver Injury Through STAT3-IFI16 Axis. IL-17失衡通过STAT3-IFI16轴促进免疫介导的肝损伤中的脓毒症
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-11 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e46
Wenfang Xu, Yanan Wang, Changzhong Jin, Weiyang Zhang, Jiangnan Chen, Xuefang Chen, Junli Gao, Junshun Gao, Hong Wang

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) affects all age group and occurs mainly in women. Pyroptosis is a novel programmed cell death featured with cell bursting and release of proinflammatory cytokines. A deeper understanding of AIH pathogenesis will contribute to novel therapy for AIH patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-17 in immune-mediated liver injury. The levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA, and mRNA levels of STAT3 and IFN gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) were detected by PCR. Expressions of STAT3, IFI16, gasdermin D and cleaved caspase-1 were measured by western-blotting. Immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy were applied to evaluate liver histopathological changes of the treated mice. Our results showed that the levels of IFI16 was increased in hepatocytes treated with IL-17 protein, and further elevated after STAT3-overexpressed (STAT3-OE) lentivirus treatment. The levels of IFI16 were reduced in hepatocytes treated with IL-17 neutralizing Ab (nAb), but were significantly increased after STAT3-OE treatment. Pyroptosis was observed in hepatocytes treated with IL-17 protein, and further cell damage was observed after STAT3-OE lentivirus treatment. Liver damage was alleviated in mice treated with IL-17 nAb, however sever damage was experienced after STAT3-OE lentivirus treatment. A binding interaction between IFI16 and STAT3 was detected in IL-17 treated hepatocytes. Glutathione transaminase activity was enhanced in concanavalin A-induced AIH mice compared to the control group (p<0.01). IL-17 plays an important role in activating STAT3 and up-regulating IFI16, which may promote the pyroptosis in AIH-related liver injury through STAT3-IFI16 axis.

自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)影响所有年龄组的人群,主要发生在女性身上。裂解病是一种新型的程序性细胞死亡,其特点是细胞破裂并释放促炎细胞因子。深入了解 AIH 的发病机制将有助于为 AIH 患者提供新疗法。在此,我们旨在研究 IL-17 在免疫介导的肝损伤中的作用。我们用酶联免疫吸附法测定了细胞因子的水平,并用 PCR 法检测了 STAT3 和 IFN γ 诱导蛋白 16(IFI16)的 mRNA 水平。西式印迹法测定了 STAT3、IFI16、gasdermin D 和裂解的 caspase-1 的表达。免疫组化染色和透射电子显微镜用于评估受试小鼠肝脏的组织病理学变化。结果表明,IL-17蛋白处理的肝细胞中IFI16水平升高,STAT3-OE慢病毒处理的肝细胞中IFI16水平进一步升高。用 IL-17 中和抗体(nAb)处理肝细胞后,IFI16 水平降低,但 STAT3-OE 处理后,IFI16 水平显著升高。在用 IL-17 蛋白处理的肝细胞中观察到了脓毒症,STAT3-OE 慢病毒处理后观察到了进一步的细胞损伤。用 IL-17 nAb 处理的小鼠肝损伤有所缓解,但 STAT3-OE 慢病毒处理后则出现了严重损伤。在经 IL-17 处理的肝细胞中检测到了 IFI16 与 STAT3 之间的结合相互作用。与对照组相比,谷胱甘肽转氨酶活性在金刚烷胺 A 诱导的 AIH 小鼠中有所提高(p
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引用次数: 0
Promising Therapeutic Effects of Embryonic Stem Cells-Origin Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis Models: Immunomodulatory and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms. 胚胎干细胞来源间充质干细胞在实验性肺纤维化模型中的治疗效果令人期待:免疫调节和抗凋亡机制。
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-11 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e45
Hanna Lee, Ok-Yi Jeong, Hee Jin Park, Sung-Lim Lee, Eun-Yeong Bok, Mingyo Kim, Young Sun Suh, Yun-Hong Cheon, Hyun-Ok Kim, Suhee Kim, Sung Hak Chun, Jung Min Park, Young Jin Lee, Sang-Il Lee

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) involves persistent inflammation and fibrosis, leading to respiratory failure and even death. Adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show potential in ILD therapeutics but obtaining an adequate quantity of cells for drug application is difficult. Daewoong Pharmaceutical's MSCs (DW-MSCs) derived from embryonic stem cells sustain a high proliferative capacity following long-term culture and expansion. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of DW-MSCs in experimental mouse models of ILD. DW-MSCs were expanded up to 12 passages for in vivo application in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and collagen-induced connective tissue disease-ILD mouse models. We assessed lung inflammation and fibrosis, lung tissue immune cells, fibrosis-related gene/protein expression, apoptosis and mitochondrial function of alveolar epithelial cells, and mitochondrial transfer ability. Intravenous administration of DW-MSCs consistently improved lung fibrosis and reduced inflammatory and fibrotic markers expression in both models across various disease stages. The therapeutic effect of DW-MSCs was comparable to that following daily oral administration of nintedanib or pirfenidone. Mechanistically, DW-MSCs exhibited immunomodulatory effects by reducing the number of B cells during the early phase and increasing the ratio of Tregs to Th17 cells during the late phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, DW-MSCs exhibited anti-apoptotic effects, increased cell viability, and improved mitochondrial respiration in alveolar epithelial cells by transferring their mitochondria to alveolar epithelial cells. Our findings indicate the strong potential of DW-MSCs in the treatment of ILD owing to their high efficacy and immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

间质性肺病(ILD)包括持续性炎症和纤维化,导致呼吸衰竭甚至死亡。成人组织来源的间充质干细胞(MSCs)在 ILD 治疗中显示出潜力,但要获得足够数量的细胞用于药物应用却很困难。大元制药公司的间充质干细胞(DW-MSCs)来源于胚胎干细胞,经过长期培养和扩增后可维持较高的增殖能力。本研究旨在探讨 DW-间充质干细胞在小鼠 ILD 实验模型中的治疗潜力。DW-间充质干细胞在体内扩增到12个传代,用于博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化和胶原诱导的结缔组织病-ILD小鼠模型。我们评估了肺部炎症和纤维化、肺组织免疫细胞、纤维化相关基因/蛋白表达、肺泡上皮细胞凋亡和线粒体功能以及线粒体转移能力。静脉注射DW-间充质干细胞可持续改善肺纤维化,并降低两种模型在不同疾病阶段的炎症和纤维化标志物表达。DW-间充质干细胞的治疗效果与每日口服宁替达尼或吡非尼酮相当。从机理上讲,DW-间充质干细胞具有免疫调节作用,在博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化早期阶段减少了B细胞的数量,在晚期阶段增加了Tregs和Th17细胞的比例。此外,DW-间充质干细胞还表现出抗凋亡作用,提高了细胞活力,并通过将其线粒体转移到肺泡上皮细胞而改善了肺泡上皮细胞的线粒体呼吸。我们的研究结果表明,DW-间充质干细胞因其高效的免疫调节和抗凋亡作用,在治疗 ILD 方面具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing the Benefits and Drawbacks of Stem Cell Therapy Based on the Cell Origin or Manipulation Process: Addressing Immunogenicity. 根据细胞来源或操作过程比较干细胞疗法的利弊:解决免疫原性问题。
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-23 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e44
Sung-Ho Chang, Chung Gyu Park

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating autoimmune diseases and managing various conditions, such as engraftment of allogeneic islets. Additionally, autologous and HLA-matched allogeneic MSCs can aid in the engraftment of human allogeneic kidneys with or without low doses of tacrolimus, respectively. However, HLA alloantigens are problematic because cell therapy uses more HLA-mismatched allogeneic cells than autologous for convenience and standardization. In particular, HLA-mismatched MSCs showed increased Ag-specific T/B cells and reduced viability faster than HLA-matched MSCs. In CRISPR/Cas9-based cell therapy, Cas9 induce T cell activation in the recipient's immune system. Interestingly, despite their immunogenicity being limited to the cells with foreign Ags, the accumulation of HLA alloantigen-sensitized T/B cells may lead to allograft rejection, suggesting that alloantigens may have a greater scope of adverse effects than foreign Ags. To avoid alloantigen recognition, the β2-microglobulin knockout (B2MKO) system, eliminating class-I MHC, was able to avoid rejection by alloreactive CD8 T cells compared to controls. Moreover, universal donor cells in which both B2M and Class II MHC transactivator (CIITA) were knocked out was more effective in avoiding immune rejection than single KO. However, B2MKO and CIITA KO system remain to be controlled and validated for adverse effects such as the development of tumorigenicity due to deficient Ag recognition by CD8 T and CD4 T cells, respectively. Overall, better HLA-matching or depletion of HLA alloantigens prior to cell therapy can reduce repetitive transplantation through the long-term survival of allogeneic cell therapy, which may be especially important for patients seeking allogeneic transplantation.

间充质干细胞(MSCs)可有效治疗自身免疫性疾病和控制各种病症,如异体胰岛移植。此外,自体间充质干细胞和HLA匹配的异体间充质干细胞可分别在使用或不使用低剂量他克莫司的情况下帮助人类异体肾脏的移植。然而,HLA 同种抗原是个问题,因为细胞疗法为了方便和标准化,使用的 HLA 不匹配异体细胞多于自体细胞。特别是,HLA不匹配的间充质干细胞比HLA匹配的间充质干细胞显示出更多的Ag特异性T/B细胞和更快的活力下降。在基于CRISPR/Cas9的细胞疗法中,Cas9能诱导受体免疫系统中的T细胞活化。有趣的是,尽管其免疫原性仅限于具有外来抗原的细胞,但HLA同种抗原致敏的T/B细胞的积累可能会导致异体移植排斥反应,这表明同种抗原可能比外来抗原具有更大的不良影响范围。为了避免同种抗原识别,β2-微球蛋白基因敲除(B2MKO)系统消除了I类MHC,与对照组相比,能避免异体反应性CD8 T细胞的排斥反应。此外,同时敲除 B2M 和 II 类 MHC 转座子(CIITA)的通用供体细胞比单一敲除更能有效避免免疫排斥反应。然而,B2MKO 和 CIITA KO 系统仍有待控制和验证其不良影响,如由于 CD8 T 细胞和 CD4 T 细胞对 Ag 的识别能力不足而分别导致肿瘤的发生。总之,在细胞治疗前进行更好的HLA配型或清除HLA同种抗原可通过异体细胞治疗的长期存活减少重复移植,这对寻求异体细胞移植的患者尤为重要。
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引用次数: 0
Low Neutralizing Activities to the Omicron Subvariants BN.1 and XBB.1.5 of Sera From the Individuals Vaccinated With a BA.4/5-Containing Bivalent mRNA Vaccine. 接种了含 BA.4/5 的二价 mRNA 疫苗的个体血清对 Omicron 亚变体 BN.1 和 XBB.1.5 的中和活性较低。
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-13 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e43
Eliel Nham, Jineui Kim, Jungmin Lee, Heedo Park, Jeonghun Kim, Sohyun Lee, Jaeuk Choi, Kyung Taek Kim, Jin Gu Yoon, Soon Young Hwang, Joon Young Song, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Man-Seong Park, Ji Yun Noh

The continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has provided insights for updating current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. We examined the neutralizing activity of Abs induced by a BA.4/5-containing bivalent mRNA vaccine against Omicron subvariants BN.1 and XBB.1.5. We recruited 40 individuals who had received a monovalent COVID-19 booster dose after a primary series of COVID-19 vaccinations and will be vaccinated with a BA.4/5-containing bivalent vaccine. Sera were collected before vaccination, one month after, and three months after a bivalent booster. Neutralizing Ab (nAb) titers were measured against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants BA.5, BN.1, and XBB.1.5. BA.4/5-containing bivalent vaccination significantly boosted nAb levels against both ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants. Participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher nAb titers against all examined strains than the infection-naïve group. NAb titers against BN.1 and XBB.1.5 were lower than those against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and BA.5 strains. These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations specifically targeting emerging Omicron subvariants, such as XBB.1.5, may be required to ensure better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in high-risk groups.

严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)变种的不断出现为更新目前的2019年冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)疫苗提供了启示。我们研究了由含 BA.4/5 的二价 mRNA 疫苗诱导的抗体对 Omicron 亚变体 BN.1 和 XBB.1.5 的中和活性。我们招募了 40 人,他们在接种 COVID-19 初次系列疫苗后接种了单价 COVID-19 加强剂,并将接种含 BA.4/5 的二价疫苗。分别在接种前、接种后一个月和二价加强剂接种后三个月采集血清。测定了针对 SARS-CoV-2 祖先和 Omicron 亚变体 BA.5、BN.1 和 XBB.1.5 的中和抗体 (nAb) 滴度。接种含 BA.4/5 的二价疫苗可显著提高针对 SARS-CoV-2 祖先和 Omicron 亚变种的 nAb 水平。与未感染组相比,有 SARS-CoV-2 感染史的参与者对所有受检毒株的 nAb 滴度都更高。BN.1和XBB.1.5的NAb滴度低于SARS-CoV-2祖先株和BA.5株。这些结果表明,可能需要专门针对新出现的 Omicron 亚变异株(如 XBB.1.5)接种 COVID-19 疫苗,以确保更好地预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染,尤其是在高危人群中。
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引用次数: 0
NADPH Oxidase 4-mediated Alveolar Macrophage Recruitment to Lung Attenuates Neutrophilic Inflammation in Staphylococcus aureus Infection. NADPH氧化酶4介导的肺泡巨噬细胞向肺的募集减轻了金黄色葡萄球菌感染中的中性粒细胞炎症。
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-27 eCollection Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e42
Seunghan Han, Sungmin Moon, Youn Wook Chung, Ji-Hwan Ryu

When the lungs are infected with bacteria, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are recruited to the site and play a crucial role in protecting the host by reducing excessive lung inflammation. However, the regulatory mechanisms that trigger the recruitment of AMs to lung alveoli during an infection are still not fully understood. In this study, we identified a critical role for NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the recruitment of AMs during Staphylococcus aureus lung infection. We found that NOX4 knockout (KO) mice showed decreased recruitment of AMs and increased lung neutrophils and injury in response to S. aureus infection compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, the burden of S. aureus in the lungs was not different between NOX4 KO and WT mice. Furthermore, we observed that depletion of AMs in WT mice during S. aureus infection increased the number of neutrophils and lung injury to a similar level as that observed in NOX4 KO mice. Additionally, we found that expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) in NOX4 KO mice-derived lung endothelial cells was lower than that in WT mice-derived endothelial cells. Therefore, we conclude that NOX4 plays a crucial role in inducing the recruitment of AMs by controlling ICAM1 expression in lung endothelial cells, which is responsible for resolving lung inflammation during acute S. aureus infection.

当肺部被细菌感染时,肺泡巨噬细胞(AMs)被招募到该部位,并通过减少过度的肺部炎症在保护宿主方面发挥关键作用。然而,在感染期间触发am向肺泡募集的调控机制仍不完全清楚。在这项研究中,我们确定了NADPH氧化酶4 (NOX4)在金黄色葡萄球菌肺部感染期间募集AMs中的关键作用。我们发现,与野生型(WT)小鼠相比,NOX4敲除(KO)小鼠对金黄色葡萄球菌感染的反应减少了AMs的募集,增加了肺中性粒细胞和损伤。有趣的是,NOX4 KO和WT小鼠的肺部金黄色葡萄球菌负荷没有差异。此外,我们观察到,在金黄色葡萄球菌感染期间,WT小鼠中AMs的消耗使中性粒细胞数量和肺损伤增加到与NOX4 KO小鼠相似的水平。此外,我们发现NOX4 KO小鼠来源的肺内皮细胞中细胞间粘附分子-1 (ICAM1)的表达低于WT小鼠来源的内皮细胞。因此,我们得出结论,NOX4通过控制肺内皮细胞中ICAM1的表达,在诱导AMs募集中起着至关重要的作用,而ICAM1在急性金黄色葡萄球菌感染期间负责解决肺部炎症。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of CD4 T Cell Help in CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Function During Chronic Infection and Cancer. CD4 T细胞在慢性感染和癌症中帮助CD8 T细胞分化和功能的作用
IF 6 4区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-23 eCollection Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e41
Paytsar Topchyan, Siying Lin, Weiguo Cui

CD4 and CD8 T cells are key players in the immune response against both pathogenic infections and cancer. CD4 T cells provide help to CD8 T cells via multiple mechanisms, including licensing dendritic cells (DCs), co-stimulation, and cytokine production. During acute infection and vaccination, CD4 T cell help is important for the development of CD8 T cell memory. However, during chronic viral infection and cancer, CD4 helper T cells are critical for the sustained effector CD8 T cell response, through a variety of mechanisms. In this review, we focus on T cell responses in conditions of chronic Ag stimulation, such as chronic viral infection and cancer. In particular, we address the significant role of CD4 T cell help in promoting effector CD8 T cell responses, emerging techniques that can be utilized to further our understanding of how these interactions may take place in the context of tertiary lymphoid structures, and how this key information can be harnessed for therapeutic utility against cancer.

CD4和CD8 T细胞在对抗致病性感染和癌症的免疫反应中起着关键作用。CD4 T细胞通过多种机制为CD8 T细胞提供帮助,包括授权树突状细胞(dc)、共刺激和细胞因子的产生。在急性感染和疫苗接种期间,CD4 T细胞帮助CD8 T细胞记忆的发展是重要的。然而,在慢性病毒感染和癌症期间,CD4辅助性T细胞通过多种机制对持续的CD8 T细胞效应反应至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们主要关注慢性Ag刺激条件下T细胞的反应,如慢性病毒感染和癌症。特别是,我们解决了CD4 T细胞在促进效应CD8 T细胞反应中的重要作用,新兴的技术可以用来进一步了解这些相互作用如何在三级淋巴结构的背景下发生,以及如何利用这些关键信息来治疗癌症。
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引用次数: 1
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Immune Network
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