Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Abstract: The technique presents a simple yet efficient method for fabricating a mouth opening device designed to improve mouth opening functionality. The technique utilises a replicated metal rod, commonly employed for securing a polishing buff in a dental lathe. The fabrication procedure involves an impression with putty consistency of addition silicone impression material. The resultant sectioned putty template is securely fastened with an elastic band. The mouth-opening device can be made either by adding cold cure acrylic resin into the impression template or by producing a wax pattern, which is later processed with heat cure polymethylmethacrylate acrylic resins. The technique proves to be effortlessly simple and quick and readily adaptable in prosthodontic lab environments, distinguishing itself from alternative methods outlined in the literature.

Context: For the success of the definitive restoration, interim prostheses are essential to maintain function in the complex environment of the oral cavity.

Aim: The aim was to characterize the mechanical properties and the surface of interim restoration material fabricated for fixed dental prostheses using two digital methods.

Materials and methods: Specimens were fabricated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM), milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and three-dimensional (3D) printed resin. The topography, roughness, and Vickers hardness number (VHN) of polished and unpolished surfaces were evaluated. The cement film was observed with confocal microscopy. The flexural strength and maximum force at fracture of cemented molar single-unit crowns were determined.

Statistical analysis: The mean values of the groups were analyzed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test and 1-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05).

Results: In both techniques, no statistically significant differences were found in the VHN (P > 0.05); the roughness values of the unpolished surface increased significantly (P = 0.002). The topographic information showed that CAD-CAM milled PMMA and 3D printed resin had a smooth surface after polishing, and a cement film was observed on all the walls of the abutment surface. The flexural strength (P = 0.001) and the mean maximum failure load (P = 0.002) were significantly higher for CAD-CAM milled PMMA. The failure of CAD-CAM milled PMMA crowns was classified as minimal fracture; for the 3D printed resin crowns, the fracture was through the midline.

Conclusion: Both techniques provided clinically acceptable surfaces. CAD-CAM milled PMMA exhibited significantly higher failure at maximum load than 3D printed resin.

Abstract: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic ability of artificial intelligence (AI) models for predicting an endodontic radiographically inferred condition. Review was performed in accordance to PRISMA-DTA checklist and registered under PROSPERO (CRD42025631782). Databases were searched from January 2000 to December 2024 for studies comparing the diagnostic ability of AI models compared to dental specialists. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done through QUADAS (Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies)-2 tool and meta-analysis was performed in Meta-Disc 1.4 software and Review Manager 5.3 for pooled sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristics (SROCs). Five studies were included for analysis. Included studies revealed the presence of moderate to low ROB. Various AI models analysed and evaluated as an index test were artificial neural network, convolutional neural network, direct learning, and direct learning network. Meta-analysis revealed a pooled sensitivity of 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-1.00) and a pooled specificity of 0.33 (95% CI 0.03-0.81); the summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) through area under curve (AUC) was 0.54. The included AI models were trained and evaluated on radiographic data only; therefore, findings reflect diagnostic accuracy of image-based AI in detecting radiographic signs associated with endodontic disease rather than comprehensive clinical prognoses. While AI demonstrated moderate sensitivity for identifying these endodontic conditions, low specificity indicates a high false-positive rate when used as a standalone radiograph-based tool. These models may serve as adjunctive screening aids but require prospective validation that integrates clinical and treatment variables before they can be used to predict longitudinal treatment outcomes.

Background: Denture liners that are made of silicone have a tendency of being colonised by microbes because they are porous and can store moisture thus providing the optimal environment where bacteria and fungi can thrive.

Materials and methods: Sixty silicone discs (Proclinic Expert) were split into six groups (10 discs each), three of which were treated using 5% iodine and three controls in distilled water and assessed against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus salivarius and Candida albicans. Teams were randomly selected through the computer. Discs were incubated in one week in distilled water, followed by their inoculation. The standard plate count was used to determine the microbial counts (CFU/ml) after incubating the surface swabbed at 37°C and an incubation duration of 24-48 h. Triple experiments were carried out.

Results: Treatment with 5% iodine solution significantly reduced microbial colony counts for all tested organisms (P < 0.005). S. mutans decreased from 191.4 ± 3.8 to 106.2 ± 2.4 CFU/ml, L. salivarius from 175.1 ± 2.7 to 86.8 ± 1.8 CFU/ml, and C. albicans from 115.1 ± 3.9 to 50.0 ± 1.6 CFU/ml, showing the strongest antifungal effect. These results indicate that 5% iodine is highly effective in reducing microbial colonisation on silicone-based resilient liners.

Conclusion: The 5% iodine solution demonstrated good antimicrobial action in silicone-based liner contaminated with the oral pathogens in reduction of microbial load in vitro. But no evaluation was done on the effects on the physical and mechanical properties of the liners.

Introduction: Friction at the bracket-archwire interface significantly influences sliding mechanics in orthodontics. Self-ligating brackets are designed to minimize friction and improve treatment efficiency. This study compared the kinetic frictional resistance of three passive self-ligating systems-Damon, Smart Clip, and Selfy-with stainless steel archwires.

Materials and methods: A total of 160 brackets (0.022-inch slot) were tested, equally distributed into Damon (n = 40), Smart Clip (n = 40), Selfy (n = 40) and Conventional stainless steel brackets (n = 40) groups. Each was evaluated with 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires. Two brackets of each type were mounted on acrylic blocks with an interbracket distance of 8 mm. For the control group, conventional brackets were ligated using fresh elastomeric modules to ensure consistent ligation force. Tests were conducted in a dry environment using a universal testing machine, applying a 2 N tensile force over 10 mm at 1 mm/min. Kinetic frictional resistance was recorded in Newtons, using new wires for each test. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < 0.05).

Results: Damon brackets demonstrated the lowest mean kinetic friction (2.57 ± 0.31 N), followed by Smart Clip (2.89 ± 0.21 N), Selfy (2.97 ± 0.17 N), and Control group (3.08 ± 0.31). Differences among groups were significant (H = 42.35, P < 0.001). Pairwise analysis showed Damon produced significantly less friction than Smart Clip, Selfy, and Control group (P < 0.001), while no difference was observed between Smart Clip and Selfy (P = 0.094).

Conclusion: Bracket design substantially affects frictional resistance. Conventional elastomeric-ligated brackets generate the highest friction. Damon brackets generated significantly lower friction compared with Smart Clip and Selfy, which exhibited similar values. Passive self-ligating systems may therefore enhance biomechanical efficiency, though in vivo validation is warranted.

Context: There is a high prevalence of oral disease and unmet oral healthcare needs in refugee population. This study aims to correlate Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) with dentition and periodontal status among Myanmar refugees in resettlement camps in Hyderabad, Telangana.

Materials and methods: The study included Myanmar refugees aged 18 years and above who were registered under United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Refugee mandate and have refugee status card. Also, only participants who can read and understand the Burmese language and gave written consent were included. Validated Myanmar translated version of OHIP-14 was used to assess OHRQoL. Dentition and periodontal status were examined by single calibrated examiner according to WHO criteria.

Results: Caries prevalence in this group of 208 participants was found to be 64.9% with a mean DMFT of 3.59 ± 3.7. Multiple logistic regression analysis reveals that a history of dental visits had significantly higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR = 4.45; P = 0.00). Variables like age (OR = 0.30; P = 0.00), absence of gingivitis (OR = 0.11; P = 0.03) and periodontal pocket (OR = 0.32; P = 0.00) showed significantly lower odds for poor OHRQoL in this population.

Conclusions: This study concluded that compromised oral health conditions among Myanmar refugees significantly affected their OHRQoL. This study also highlights the urgent need to address oral healthcare needs of this refugee population.

Introduction: In the present day, the internet has emerged as a critical instrument in the daily routine. Nevertheless, an inordinate amount of online research and investigation regarding health-related matters may have a detrimental effect. The term 'cyberchondria' has been employed to denote an elevated level of anxiety regarding one's health status as a consequence of conducting an inordinate amount of online research.

Materials and methods: The questionnaire was disseminated to 652 undergraduate dental students from two colleges in Sri Ganganagar. The questionnaire for the Cyberchondria Severity Scale-Short Form (CSS-15) and socio-demographic information were included in the survey instrument. Microsoft Office and IBM SPSS Statistics software (Version 25, IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA) were employed to conduct data analysis. The threshold for statistical significance was established at P < 0.05.

Results: The subscales Distress ( P = 0.04), Reassurance ( P = 0.012), Mistrust ( P = 0.008), and Excessiveness ( P = <0.01) exhibited a highly statistically significant difference, with a higher mean score among intern's dental students ( R = 7.6 ± 1.9; M = 7.0 ± 1.6). Significant positive correlations were observed between higher CSS scores and gender (correlation coefficient = 0.095, P = 0.015) and having a family member with a medical illness (correlation coefficient = 0.109, P = 0.005).

Conclusion: There is an increasing concern regarding cyberchondria, which has the potential to induce anxiety and distress and has a detrimental effect on the mental health of individuals in developing countries.

Background: Mini-implants are crucial in orthodontics for absolute anchorage, allowing precise dental movements without affecting adjacent structures. Exploring alternative materials with proven biocompatibility and potential for improved clinical performance is essential. This study compares the mechanical resistance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and stainless steel mini-implants to evaluate PEEK's feasibility as an alternative.

Objectives: To compare PEEK and stainless steel for orthodontic mini-implants, focusing on maximum load resistance and suitability for temporary anchorage.

Materials and methods: Two groups of 12 mini-implants (2 mm × 8 mm) were tested: milled PEEK and stainless steel (TD Orthodontics©, Nuevo León, Mexico). Both mini-implants were inserted into porcine mandibles, sectioned placed in acrylic bases and subjected to maximum load tests using a universal testing machine. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and variances with Levene's test. Comparisons were performed using Welch's t -test (α = 0.05), with effect sizes (Hedges' g) and 95% confidence intervals reported.

Results: Stainless steel mini-implants showed a mean maximum load of 255.77 N whereas PEEK averaged 57.14 N after outlier adjustment. Welch's t -test confirmed a significant difference between groups ( P < 0.001) with a large effect size (Hedges' g = 2.31). Statistically significant differences were observed between groups, with a mean difference of 198.6 N (95% CI 126.3-271.0).

Conclusion: Although stainless steel exhibited greater load resistance, PEEK mini-implants exceeded clinically relevant orthodontic forces (50-400 g), supporting their potential as temporary anchorage devices. Further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to confirm long-term performance.

Background: Gingival recession is a mucogingival deformity affecting teeth causing dentinal hypersensitivity. Although many techniques are there for root coverage procedures, the present study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of lateral pedicle graft stabilised by using either resorbable sutures or isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive.

Materials and methods: A total of 10 systemically healthy subjects were recruited with complaints of Millers Class I and Class II gingival recession in the lower anterior. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: control group (graft stabilised with resorbable sutures) and test group (graft stabilised with isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive). Parameters such as recession height (RH), recession weight (RW), width of keratinised gingiva, width of attached gingiva, and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline 3 months post-surgery.

Results: The outcome measures were statistically significant at baseline and 3 months, but there is no significant difference between the groups. The mean reduction in RH and RW was significant at baseline to 3 months from both control and test groups.

Conclusion: Isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate showed a better intimate healing with no gaps compared to use of silk suture, and thus, it was concluded that the use of isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate reduces patient discomfort and irritation, and it is an easy and effective way in managing intra-oral wounds. Isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive results in faster initial wound healing as compared to sutures.