Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Abstract: The use of digital technologies in education play a crucial role in providing new and innovative forms of delivering education to teachers and students as well as broadening the learning process. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize existing evidence in order to evaluate the application of digitalization in undergraduate and postgraduate dental education. A literature review was completed using PubMed, SCOPUS and DOAJ search engines, following the search strategy using the PICO criteria, to identify English-language articles published between January 2013 and June 2023 that reported the use of digitalization in dental education. Following thorough research, 1721 articles were identified from e-databases. However, only 14 articles were added to this study after they were screened for eligibility. Quality assessment was performed by a checklist of important parameters using the National Institute of Health (NIH) assessment tool. Two studies focused on the knowledge regarding the utilization of digitalization in dental education, two studies examined the implementation of digitalization in dental education, two studies explored the user experience of utilizing digital dentistry, and eight studies investigated the perception and attitude towards digital dental education. The goal of incorporating digitalization in dental education should be to maximize the effectiveness of the many different digital technologies functioning together in patient care and dental education. The most significant advantage of understanding digital technology is its noteworthy benefits, which include compliance from patients, quick and prompt results and aesthetic outcomes.

Context: A survey was conducted in line with the World Dental Federation's (FDI) vision for comprehensive, evidence-based oral healthcare by 2030. The study aims to collect standardised national data on the population's oral health needs, care-seeking behaviours, and oral health-related quality of life.

Materials and methods: This analytical cross-sectional survey included dentists from urban and rural India and the patients visiting their facilities. The data were collected using the digital application developed by the FDI as a part of the Oral Health Observatory (OHO) project between December 2018 and April 2020 among patients seeking care at private oral healthcare practices. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to analyse the study data using SPSS software.

Results: Data of 1049 patients (61.01% males, 38.98% females, mean age 38.6 ± 12.1 years) were collected using the OHO app on their oral health-seeking behaviour and habits. Over 80% of the patients had periodontal disease. About 51.5% visited a dentist in the past year, with common barriers being the belief that there was nothing wrong with their teeth and the time constraints. High rates of daily sugar consumption (67%) and tobacco use (35%) were noted. Most dentists focused on curative over preventive care.

Conclusions: This survey provides essential data on India's oral health and forms an important first step in the quest of achieving universal health coverage for oral health by facilitating advocacy and aligning with FDI Vision 2030.

Background: Gold is the oldest dental restorative material, used for dental repairs for more than 4000 years, and remains an important metal included in the dental sector. In a world where nanoparticle importance has been well established and preparation of nanoparticles has become much easier, it is important to assess if these nanoparticles can be extracted from plants as well. Along with its extraction, analysis of each property of the nanoparticle is essential. Pepper and eucalyptus remain two of the most important ingredients used in ayurveda and can be easily found as a component in everyday consumption.

Aim: This study was to extract gold nanoparticles using eucalyptus and piper longum and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the derived gold nanoparticles.

Materials and methodology: Preparation of plant extract was done following which extraction of gold nanoparticles was performed. Antibacterial properties of the gold nanoparticles were tested by well diffusion method and compared against the antibacterial gold standard, antibiotic amoxicillin. After 24 hours, the zone of inhibitions was measured in millimeters and the data were compiled.

Results: The resultant green synthesized gold nanoparticles show high antibacterial activity against S. albicans, and a fair amount of antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis, which was revealed by comparing the zone of inhibition to the gold standard, amoxicillin 500 mg.

Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles were found to have good antimicrobial activity.

Introduction: Early dental visits in childhood, in addition to preventing dental problems, can also be effective in promoting the quality of life. The age of the first visit and the reasons for it vary in different countries depending on the level of education in the community, economic conditions, availability of health facilities and pattern of health services in the country. This study was conducted to understand the reasons for Iranian parents' attitude to dental visits and its relationship with social and economic indicators.

Method: The checklist was used to record the data. It consisted of 18 questions based on the reason for dental visit. Then the reasons were categorized as pain, trauma, tooth discolouration, teacher's recommendation and referral from other dental centres, using insurance coverage, bad dental habits and periodic care. Finally, the doctor's diagnosis was recorded. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and data description was used at the level of 0.05 (P value = 0.05).

Result: Pain was the most common reason for the first dental visit (49.7%) followed by discolouration and detecting and carried assessment. Occupation level of education and having an insurance package had a significant relationship with the reason for dental visits in parents.

Conclusion: The level of education and job having supplementary insurance were related to the reason for dental visits. Pain is the most common reason, and it shows that the importance of regular dental visits is not well known by parents. The reason for dental visits is under the control of socioeconomical factors.

Abstract: Surgical intervention in patients with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) leads to altered muscular activity and hinders the normal growth of the maxilla. To compare the activity of superior orbicularis oris and masticatory muscles between repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate and non-cleft individuals. A literature search was carried out on MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar databases upto January 2024 resulting in 1320 studies. Specified inclusion/exclusion criteria guided the selection of five relevant articles. Study selection, assessment of the outcome of articles, and subsequent Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment were done independently by three authors. In case of any disparity, the fourth and fifth authors were consulted. All five studies were observational cross-sectional studies. The majority of the studies reported an altered muscular activity in repaired UCLP patients compared to normal individuals, which may affect the normal growth of the maxilla. Patients with repaired UCLP show an increased muscle activity compared to non-cleft subjects, which may lead to altered masticatory efficiency in such patients.

Context/background: Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities may have compromised oral health and require oral health rehabilitation under general anaesthesia.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the changes observed in the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-14) and Family Impact scores (FIS-12) of children with severe behavioural disabilities and medically compromised conditions after oral health rehabilitation (OHR) under general anaesthesia (GA).

Materials and methods: Children with severe behavioural disabilities and medically compromised conditions were recruited, and OHR was done under GA. Teeth with fair prognosis were functionally restored, and teeth with poor prognosis were extracted after parents'/caregivers' informed consent. Pre-operative and post-operative COHIP-14 and FIS-12 questionnaires were filled out by the parents/caregivers. The pre-operative and post-operative values were compared with those of the Student t-test.

Results: All responses for the COHIP-14 and FIS -14 had shown significant (P ≤ 0.001) change after OHR under GA.

Conclusion: The oral and functional health of children with severe behavioural disabilities was improved after OHR under general anaesthesia. The family impact score was also improved in terms of activity and emotions; further financial concerns of the family were also reduced after OHR under GA.

Abstract: Primordial odontogenic tumour (POT) was added as a new entity in the recent World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. We hereby report a rare case of POT of posterior mandible. A 9-year-old male patient presented with a swelling in his left lower jaw. Histopathological examination showed myxoid connective tissue stroma and stratified epithelium without any rete peg formation resembling odontogenic epithelium. Enucleation was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was given as primordial odontogenic tumor. The clinical and histopathologic data of previously reported 25 cases along with our case will help to differentiate this new entity from other odontogenic tumours and also prevent unnecessary over-treatment.

Introduction: Trepidation towards dental procedures is commonly seen in the adult population and is one of the major reasons for avoiding dental treatments.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the anesthetic potential of anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block versus local infiltration during crown lengthening in the maxilla, using a pain assessment tool.

Materials and methods: Outpatients visiting the Department of Periodontics at Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital were selected for the study. A total of 60 patients indicated for crown lengthening, has been included in the study with the age group between 18 and 65 years, and divided into two groups: Group A (AMSA) and Group B (local infiltration).

Results: AMSA shows promising results when compared to local infiltration.

Abstract: Periodontal disease is a common condition caused by bacterial plaque that damages the supporting structures of teeth. Therefore, to manage periodontal disease, probiotic supplementation has emerged as a potential adjunct therapy. This umbrella review aims to summarize the primary findings, conclusions, and recommendations of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published on the effect of probiotics in treating periodontal disease. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken in four databases, i.e., MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms like 'Probiotic*,' 'Prebiotic*,' 'Bifidobacterium,' 'Lactobacillus,' and 'Periodontitis,' along with keywords like 'synbiotic*,' 'Systematic review*,' or Meta-analysis. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the included reviews once data were retrieved. A total of 22 systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the last decade were reviewed, and probiotics were found to have potential benefits in reducing Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and gaining Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) in individuals with periodontal disease. However, there is mixed evidence on the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing gingival inflammation (GI) and dental plaque, and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and potential health benefits of probiotics. The findings of this review suggest that probiotics as an adjunct treatment approach may have potential benefits for managing periodontal disease specially in terms of BOP, PPD, and CAL. However, they should not replace conventional treatments like scaling, root planing, and regular dental hygiene, which are essential for effective care.

Abstract: The maxillary anteriors play the most prominent role in an individual's aesthetics, speech, and majorly psychology. The impaction of maxillary anterior teeth can be a challenging orthodontic problem that can be managed by interceptive orthodontics in early mixed dentition. In this particular case report, interceptive orthodontics alone may not bring desirable results because two problems need to be dealt simultaneously, namely, intraosseous crowding and midline shift due to impaction on the affected quadrant. In the article, a novel approach is being discussed, where aesthetics of the child was compromised due to impacted rotated maxillary anteriors that were exposed using soft tissue laser and allowed to erupt by selective removal of primary and permanent first premolar teeth on the affected side alone, leading to spontaneous alignment of arch discrepancy and relative correction of midline shift. A unilateral serial extraction sequence (D-4-C) would be effective treatment of choice. This approach adds psychological benefit to the child by using soft tissue lasers and unilateral serial extraction.