Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Background: During pregnancy, an interim increase in estrogen and progesterone levels is found responsible for the enhanced frequency and intensity of gingival inflammation. The risk of various complications such as an increase in preterm low birth weight and preeclampsia raises a serious concern about the knowledge and awareness of pregnant women regarding periodontal health.

Aim: To evaluate periodontal status and assess knowledge and awareness of poor oral health and its effect among pregnant women.

Materials and methods: A total of 240 pregnant women underwent a questionnaire and observational evaluation. Socioeconomic demographic data based on the revised Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale, age, gender, and medical & dental history were recorded using structural proforma. The Community Periodontal Index and Treatment Need (CPITN) index was used to evaluate the periodontal status of pregnant women in different trimesters.

Result: A statistically significant association was observed between the CPITN score and trimesters. Out of 50 subjects with a CPITN score of 2, 46.0% were in the third trimester. On the evaluation of 240 subjects, 63.3% visited the dentist when a problem arose and 57.5% used interdental aids. Also, 45.4% of pregnant women encountered oral health problems during pregnancy. Furthermore, 81.3% of pregnant women were unaware of the adverse effects of poor oral health on a growing fetus.

Conclusion: In the current study, it has been discovered that only a small percentage of pregnant women are conscious of their periodontal health and that their beliefs vary depending on their degree of education. When compared to the first trimester, the patients in the third trimester have impaired periodontal conditions.

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is associated with habitual use of areca nut. Several nonsurgical interventions for OSF have been used, with increasing predilection to try plant-based products. The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of nutraceutical products (NPs) and other classes of nonsurgical interventions in OSF management using the network meta-analysis (NMA) approach. After registering with PROSPERO, the present study systematically searched for relevant studies in databases. PICO framework was used to identify studies relevant to evaluate the effectiveness of NPs and other classes of interventions. Standard NMA tools were used to assess the quality of the included studies and perform analysis. A total of 51 studies were included for final analysis with 53 trials. The primary outcome of identified studies was the mean difference (MD) in mouth opening (MO) expressed as mean (95% confidence interval). There were 16 interventions including placebo involving 3850 patients. The highest MD is 10.14 (4.38-15.89) with steroids with/without spreading factor (SSF) with ultrasonography (USG), followed by 9.87 (2.96-16.78) with SSF and NP-systemic and USG application, while the least is 1.43 (-4.31 to 7.18) SSF (8.04%). The probability of placebo being the most effective intervention in MO is the highest (93.91%), followed by exercise (81.50%), as evidenced by Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) and litmus rank-o-gram. This NMA results, within its limitation, showed that several NP outcomes are statistically superior to placebo in improving the MO, but as a class of drugs, none of the classes exhibited supremacy over others, especially to placebo. The result of this NMA indicates that none of classes of non-surgical treatment, especially NPs, have no distinct advantage in mitigation MO in OSF treatment.

Abstract: Periodontal disease is a common condition caused by bacterial plaque that damages the supporting structures of teeth. Therefore, to manage periodontal disease, probiotic supplementation has emerged as a potential adjunct therapy. This umbrella review aims to summarize the primary findings, conclusions, and recommendations of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published on the effect of probiotics in treating periodontal disease. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken in four databases, i.e., MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms like 'Probiotic*,' 'Prebiotic*,' 'Bifidobacterium,' 'Lactobacillus,' and 'Periodontitis,' along with keywords like 'synbiotic*,' 'Systematic review*,' or Meta-analysis. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the included reviews once data were retrieved. A total of 22 systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the last decade were reviewed, and probiotics were found to have potential benefits in reducing Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and gaining Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) in individuals with periodontal disease. However, there is mixed evidence on the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing gingival inflammation (GI) and dental plaque, and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and potential health benefits of probiotics. The findings of this review suggest that probiotics as an adjunct treatment approach may have potential benefits for managing periodontal disease specially in terms of BOP, PPD, and CAL. However, they should not replace conventional treatments like scaling, root planing, and regular dental hygiene, which are essential for effective care.

Abstract: The maxillary anteriors play the most prominent role in an individual's aesthetics, speech, and majorly psychology. The impaction of maxillary anterior teeth can be a challenging orthodontic problem that can be managed by interceptive orthodontics in early mixed dentition. In this particular case report, interceptive orthodontics alone may not bring desirable results because two problems need to be dealt simultaneously, namely, intraosseous crowding and midline shift due to impaction on the affected quadrant. In the article, a novel approach is being discussed, where aesthetics of the child was compromised due to impacted rotated maxillary anteriors that were exposed using soft tissue laser and allowed to erupt by selective removal of primary and permanent first premolar teeth on the affected side alone, leading to spontaneous alignment of arch discrepancy and relative correction of midline shift. A unilateral serial extraction sequence (D-4-C) would be effective treatment of choice. This approach adds psychological benefit to the child by using soft tissue lasers and unilateral serial extraction.

Context: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects large segment of population worldwide.

Aim: To evaluate the detailed relationship between carious status of primary molars and permanent first molars among 8.5-10 years old children.

Methods and materials: Two-hundred and seven children were included in this cross-sectional study. The permanent incisors were fully erupted, the primary canines had no caries experience, and premolars were not erupted. The dentition status of the primary molars and permanent first molars was examined according to the World Health Organization criteria.

Statistical analysis used: Pearson correlation, independent sample t-test, and linear and logistic regression analysis were used. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results: The mean (standard deviation) of decay, missing and filled teeth/surface for primary molars and permanent first molar (dmfs&dmft/DMFS&DMFT) were 4.12 (2.53), 8.40 (7.43), 0.77 (1.16) and 1.01 (1.81), respectively. Weak and medium correlations were found between d-component and D-component (r < 0.5), though statistically significant (P value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a relationship between the number of primary molars caries and the presence of caries on the permanent first molar located in the same side and jaw of these primary molars and those located in the opposite side and jaw of the primary molars.

Conclusion: Nearly one-fifth of the caries on the permanent molars might be attributed to caries on the primary molars among 8.5-10 years-old children. The odds ratio of developing caries on the permanent first molars was 1.5 for children with primary molars caries in comparison to children with no primary caries.

Abstract: Oligodontia is a severe type of tooth agenesis involving six or more congenitally missing teeth, excluding the third molars. It is a rare condition and has a low prevalence in deciduous dentition. It can occur either as a part of syndromes or as a separate entity. This is a rare case report of a 3-year-old child with congenitally missing bilateral anterior and posterior deciduous teeth and its aesthetic and functional rehabilitation using a fixed appliance known as modified Hollywood bridge. In this appliance, molars are banded and acrylic teeth were secured to the stainless steel palatal wire with the help of heat cure acrylic resin. Modified Hollywood bridge provides a reasonable treatment option for the replacement of the missing deciduous teeth in children. It is more suitable for younger paediatric patients and also for physically or mentally handicapped patients.

Background: India launched the National Oral Health Program (NOHP) in the year 2014-15 to support the states for improved oral healthcare delivery and reduce the burden of oral diseases. The toll-free Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) with contact number 1800112032, was initiated to deliver oral health-related information to users and guide them for proper treatment on World Oral Health Day on 20th March 2017. There is scarcity of data regarding the utility and perception of users about IVRS. This study will try to underpin the factors, which can be useful in further improvement in the helpline operation.

Aims: To assess the perception of patients regarding the use of the existing IVRS helpline under NOHP for oral health-related information.

Methods and material: The present cross-sectional nonclinical dental survey was carried out among 980 adults aged 18 years and above visiting SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha.

Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics with proportions were calculated and Chi-square was computed, P < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical inferences.

Results: None of the participants were aware of the existence of the toll-free helpline number of NOHP. A significantly higher proportion of female participants responded that IVRS was useful in getting unassisted oral health-related information (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: The services of IVRS remains underutilised by the general population due to lack of awareness regarding its existence. The IVRS helpline can be readily accessed for information regarding common oral diseases, immediate home-based care and when to approach for professional help for the common oral health issues.

Background and aim: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is one of the most important facial muscle disorders comprising signs and symptoms including pain during function, tenderness in the muscles of mastication and restricted jaw movement. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and combination therapy of LLLT and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of myofascial pain with or without other TMD (temporomandibular disorders).

Materials and methods: Forty patients with MPDS were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received LLLT (BiolaseTM; GA-Al-As; 940 nm) in 12 sessions. Group 2 received a combination of LLLT with the drug Aceclofenac 200 mg till the end of the 12th session. Following each session and after two months, the pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, clicking sound and jaw deviation were evaluated in both groups. Data were collected and analysed using the independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test (a = 0.05).

Results: Both group 1 and group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain and a significant increase in mouth opening, which was faster in group 2 compared to group 1.

Conclusion: Both LLLT and a combination of LLLT and drug therapy are effective in the management of myofascial pain. LLLT + pharmacotherapy combination is more efficient at improving pain and mouth opening.

Abstract: To determine the outcome of full pulpotomy in management of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis when 2.5% versus other concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used to achieve haemostasis. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov for English language articles until July 2021. Randomised clinical trials and cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies where full pulpotomy was performed to manage mature permanent molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis and no periapical radiolucency were included. Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used for quality assessment. The success rate for full pulpotomy was documented. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42020177214). Out of 861 studies, four were considered for data analysis. Three studies were single-arm prospective trials on pulpotomy, while one was a randomised control trial comparing pulpotomy and root canal treatment. A combined success rate of 93% from 117 teeth was reported from three studies using 2.5% NaOCl as a haemostatic agent. One study used 5% NaOCl and reported a success rate of 100% (n = 6 teeth). The certainty of evidence substantiated by the GRADE approach was of low quality. Overall quality assessment revealed a considerable risk of bias in three studies. Irrespective of the NaOCl concentration, the success rate of pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis was high. No study compared the different concentrations of NaOCl as a haemostatic agent. Further, randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the effect of NaOCl concentration for haemostasis on the outcome of pulpotomy.

Introduction: The physical and chemical properties of calcium silicate cement might be affected due to exposure to acidic or alkaline conditions during clinical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acidic and alkaline environments on the surface morphology of biodentine (BD) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (wMTA).

Materials and method: Disc-shaped specimens of BD (n = 30) and wMTA (n = 30) were prepared in a metal mould and wrapped in pieces of gauze. They were divided into three sub-groups according to the storage media: group A, soaked in sterile distilled water at a pH of 7.0; group B, exposed to butyric acid buffered at pH 4.0; and group C, exposed to calcium hydroxide solution buffered at pH 12.0. The specimens were incubated for 7 days at 37°C, followed by examination under scanning electron microscopy at 1000x and 5000x magnification to characterise the microstructural morphology.

Results: Definite changes were seen in the microstructure of BD and wMTA on exposure to acidic and alkaline pH. The microstructure of wMTA tends to exhibit reduced cohesion when exposed to an acidic environment, especially when compared to an alkaline pH. Acidic pH exerts a milder influence on the morphological structure of BD when contrasted with its effects on wMTA.

Conclusion: Biodentine may emerge as a more prudent choice than wMTA for utilisation in inflamed periapical regions.