Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Abstract: The technique presents a simple yet efficient method for fabricating a mouth opening device designed to improve mouth opening functionality. The technique utilises a replicated metal rod, commonly employed for securing a polishing buff in a dental lathe. The fabrication procedure involves an impression with putty consistency of addition silicone impression material. The resultant sectioned putty template is securely fastened with an elastic band. The mouth-opening device can be made either by adding cold cure acrylic resin into the impression template or by producing a wax pattern, which is later processed with heat cure polymethylmethacrylate acrylic resins. The technique proves to be effortlessly simple and quick and readily adaptable in prosthodontic lab environments, distinguishing itself from alternative methods outlined in the literature.

Context: There is a high prevalence of oral disease and unmet oral healthcare needs in refugee population. This study aims to correlate Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) with dentition and periodontal status among Myanmar refugees in resettlement camps in Hyderabad, Telangana.

Materials and methods: The study included Myanmar refugees aged 18 years and above who were registered under United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Refugee mandate and have refugee status card. Also, only participants who can read and understand the Burmese language and gave written consent were included. Validated Myanmar translated version of OHIP-14 was used to assess OHRQoL. Dentition and periodontal status were examined by single calibrated examiner according to WHO criteria.

Results: Caries prevalence in this group of 208 participants was found to be 64.9% with a mean DMFT of 3.59 ± 3.7. Multiple logistic regression analysis reveals that a history of dental visits had significantly higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR = 4.45; P = 0.00). Variables like age (OR = 0.30; P = 0.00), absence of gingivitis (OR = 0.11; P = 0.03) and periodontal pocket (OR = 0.32; P = 0.00) showed significantly lower odds for poor OHRQoL in this population.

Conclusions: This study concluded that compromised oral health conditions among Myanmar refugees significantly affected their OHRQoL. This study also highlights the urgent need to address oral healthcare needs of this refugee population.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare chairside clinical time and acceptance of prefabricated and conventional band and loop space maintainers in children with premature loss of primary molars.

Methods: Sixty children aged 4-8 years with premature loss of primary first or second molars requiring a space maintainer were randomized into two groups: group 1, conventional band and loop space maintainer (CBLSM), and group 2, prefabricated band and loop space maintainer (PBLSM). The clinical evaluation for patient acceptance was carried out at six months follow-up using a five-point Likert scale. Patient comfort during clinical procedure, chairside clinical time, space loss, gingival index and plaque index were also recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results: After six months, both space maintainers were well accepted by the children, showing no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). In group 1, 40% of children, and in group 2, 46.6% of them showed mild discomfort measured using the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale, while the others were comfortable during the clinical procedure. The mean chairside clinical time required was 14.12 ± 3.90 and 19.96 ± 5.55 min for group 1 and group 2, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). The plaque index, the gingival index and space loss after six months had no statistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusion: The CBLSM and PBLSM were comparable in terms of patient acceptance, comfort during clinical procedure and space loss after six months. However, the mean chairside clinical time required was significantly higher in PBLSM group.

Abstract: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic ability of artificial intelligence (AI) models for predicting an endodontic radiographically inferred condition. Review was performed in accordance to PRISMA-DTA checklist and registered under PROSPERO (CRD42025631782). Databases were searched from January 2000 to December 2024 for studies comparing the diagnostic ability of AI models compared to dental specialists. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done through QUADAS (Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies)-2 tool and meta-analysis was performed in Meta-Disc 1.4 software and Review Manager 5.3 for pooled sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristics (SROCs). Five studies were included for analysis. Included studies revealed the presence of moderate to low ROB. Various AI models analysed and evaluated as an index test were artificial neural network, convolutional neural network, direct learning, and direct learning network. Meta-analysis revealed a pooled sensitivity of 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-1.00) and a pooled specificity of 0.33 (95% CI 0.03-0.81); the summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) through area under curve (AUC) was 0.54. The included AI models were trained and evaluated on radiographic data only; therefore, findings reflect diagnostic accuracy of image-based AI in detecting radiographic signs associated with endodontic disease rather than comprehensive clinical prognoses. While AI demonstrated moderate sensitivity for identifying these endodontic conditions, low specificity indicates a high false-positive rate when used as a standalone radiograph-based tool. These models may serve as adjunctive screening aids but require prospective validation that integrates clinical and treatment variables before they can be used to predict longitudinal treatment outcomes.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive disorder characterised by reduced mouth opening (MO) and a risk of malignant transformation. Despite numerous non-surgical interventions, sustained functional improvement remains elusive. This study introduces a cost-effectiveness analysis framework to compare various OSF treatments, addressing a critical knowledge gap.

Materials and methods: Data from a previously published network meta-analysis (NMA) comprising 72 studies (N = 5268 patients) were analysed. Cost/millimeter of MO improvement (cost/mm) and cost/millimeter/week (cost/mm/week) were calculated. Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was computed against placebo and multivitamins. P ≤0.05 considered significant.

Results: The median cost/mm was INR 1906.57, ranging from INR 403.35 (ultrasound + exercise) to INR 10,368.36 (steroids + exercise). Cost/mm/week ranged from INR 59.97 (topical steroids) to INR 2292.83 (steroids + exercise). Kruskal-Wallis tests showed significant differences in cost/mm (P = 0.002) and cost/mm/week (P = 0.004). ICER analysis identified steroid with or with spreading factor (SSF) + exercise as the most cost-effective (-4918.38 INR/placebo, -2365.78 INR/multivitamins), while SSF + placebo was least cost-effective (ICER: 8540.79 INR/placebo, 8382.25 INR/multivitamins).

Discussion and conclusion: This study presents the first cost-effectiveness analysis of non-surgical OSF treatments, revealing substantial economic variations across interventions. Ultrasound with exercise and SSF + exercise was the most cost-efficient, supporting the integration of multimodal non-pharmacological therapies into OSF management. Conversely, nutraceutical products (NPs) demonstrated inconsistent cost-effectiveness, with systemic NPs outperforming topical applications. Given the economic burden and limited efficacy of some treatments, these findings emphasise the need for evidence-based, cost-conscious decision-making. The cost/mm and cost/mm/week metrics provide a novel perspective, facilitating better resource allocation in OSF care.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most prevalent mucocutaneous immunological disorders affecting females. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is an association of serum estradiol levels with the occurrence of OLP in postmenopausal women and also to correlate the estradiol levels with the clinical types of OLP.

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study on patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically as OLP ( n = 50) and the controls consisted of 50 postmenopausal women randomly selected with clinically normal oral mucosa. The serum estradiol was estimated for both groups. Student's t -test was used to compare the quantitative variables.

Results: Serum estradiol of OLP patients was 13.45 ± 7.96, remarkably less than the controls, 19.49 ± 6.59 ( P ≤ 0.01). Also, estradiol was seen to decline with the severity of OLP with reticular type (15.5 pg/mL) than erosive (11.1 pg/mL) and bullous (12 pg/mL). Both the patients and controls showed a decline in levels of estradiol with the increase in the period of last menstruation. Increased prevalence of OLP in patients who underwent hysterectomy and oophorectomy than in the controls ( P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Serum estradiol in postmenopausal patients with OLP declined with increased severity of OLP type.

Aims: The aim was to comparatively evaluate the ability of Ledemix and non-setting calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments to reduce postoperative pain in teeth undergoing root canal treatment (RCT).

Materials and methods: A single-blinded, randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted at Ajman University College of Dentistry, involving 59 patients requiring RCT on maxillary and mandibular first molars. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1 received Ledermix paste, while Group 2 received non-setting calcium hydroxide paste. Treatments were performed by supervised fifth-year dental students using standardised aseptic techniques. Local anesthesia was administered, and rubber dam isolation was ensured. After access cavity preparation, root canals were instrumented using WaveOne Gold Files with sodium hypochlorite irrigation. The assigned intracanal medicament was placed, and the cavity was sealed with a temporary restoration. Pain levels were assessed preoperatively and at 4 h and 4 days postoperatively using a visual analogue scale by a blinded investigator. Clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, smoking status, medical history, and pulpal/periapical diagnoses, were recorded.

Results: Data were analysed using SPSS 28.0. T-tests were used to compare pain levels between groups, with significance set at P < 0.05. The average pain score decreased significantly from 3.95 ± 0.52 preoperatively to 1.47 ± 0.30 at 4 h and 0.42 ± 0.18 at 4 days postoperatively ( P = 0.001). Ledermix was associated with greater pain reduction at 4 h ( P = 0.004), no significant differences between groups were observed at 4 days ( P = 0.665).

Conclusion: Both medicaments effectively reduced pain, with Ledermix offering superior early relief.

Introduction: The remineralization potential of three recent remineralizing agents on white spot lesions ( WSLs ) was compared and evaluated using the Vicker's microhardness testing machine. This short study aims to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of recently introduced remineralizing agents like Curodont Protect gel, GC Tooth Mousse Plus, and Dente 91 on the surface hardness of WSLs in human teeth.

Methods and materials: Thirty single-rooted human premolars (BBDCODS/IEC/09 / 2022), extracted due to periodontal or orthodontic reasons, were chosen for this study. The teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction level. Samples were then mounted in auto-polymerization acrylic resin. All the groups were subjected to a demineralization process to induce WSLs. A post-demineralization Vicker hardness test was performed, followed by random allocation to the three groups. The three groups were namely self-assembling peptide (P11-4), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and nanohydroxyapatite. A post-remineralization Vickers hardness test was conducted to evaluate the remineralization potential of the tested agents.

Result: An analysis of variance was performed to determine the significant difference in Vickers microhardness. Self-assembling peptide (P11-4) showed the highest microhardness value.

Conclusion: Self-assembling peptide (Curodont Protect gel) was more efficient than nanohydroxyapatite (Dente-91) and CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse Plus) for the prevention of WSLs.

Aim: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental biomaterial that is used for various endodontic treatments. However, the major limitation of MTA is its hardness and retrievability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of various chemicals on micro-hardness of MTA.

Materials and methods: 200 hollow cylindrical stainless-steel molds of specified dimensions (5 mm height and 5 mm internal diameter) were made. MTA was mixed homogeneously and condensed into the molds. After the setting, MTA was exposed to three experimental groups, Group 1: back-set, Group 2: carbonic acid, and Group 3: citric acid at 1, 3, and 5 minute exposure at the end of Day 1 and 21. Then the samples were evaluated exposed to Vickers micro-hardness testing. The data were evaluated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc with P = 0.05 were used to perform multiple comparison tests.

Results: On day 1, the reduction in micro-hardness was greater in back-set when compared with carbonic acid and citric acid. At the end of Day 21, the highest mean surface micro-hardness reduction was seen with back-set at 5 min, 3 min, and 1 min intervals, respectively. However, there was no significant difference noted between the citric and carbonic acids at 1 and 3 minutes.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that back-set was found to be the most effective in reducing the micro-hardness of MTA when compared to citric and carbonic acid.