Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Abstract: Skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents can be effectively managed using the combination of maxillary skeletal expander (MSE) and facemask (FM). An adolescent presented concerns about her lower front teeth positioned ahead of the upper front teeth, difficulty closing the lips, and dissatisfaction with the facial appearance. The patient exhibited a skeletal Class III profile, reverse overjet, a 2 mm overbite, concave facial profile, midface retrusion, mandibular prognathism, chin deviation to the right, and increased lower facial height (LFH). Management involved the use of MSE and protraction FM. After 11 months, maxillary skeletal expansion, midface augmentation, restriction of mandibular prognathism, and stable LFH were observed. Results remained stable at the 1-year follow-up. This approach effectively manages moderate skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents by promoting midface augmentation and limiting further mandibular growth, potentially eliminating the need for orthognathic surgery.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), one of the components of the human masticatory system, works in tandem with the muscles of mastication and a complex neurological network to aid efficient chewing, speech and deglutition. Therefore, knowledge of its constituent parts, like the condyle and articular eminence morphology, and its change with age or orthodontic intervention is of great significance to orthodontists for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Aim: To assess and compare the condylar axis angulation, articular eminence height (AEh) and inclination (AEI) between individuals with average, horizontal and vertical growth patterns.

Materials and methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records of 126 individuals were categorized into three groups based on their Jaraback's ratio as measured by lateral cephalometric view derived from CBCT. Groups 1, 2 and 3 comprised individuals with average, horizontal and vertical facial skeletal patterns, respectively. The Planmeca Romexis viewer software was used to assess variables in the multi-planar reformation view of CBCT in the sagittal plane.

Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were calculated as mean and standard deviation. Comparison between the groups was performed using analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. An independent sample t -test was carried out to compare between genders. The level of significance was 5% ( P < 0.05).

Results: Significant differences were found in condylar angulation, AEh and AEI in individuals with different skeletal patterns. Within males and females of each group, no statistical difference was seen in the study variables except for AEI and AEh in the horizontal facial pattern group.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries using pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, and abscess (PUFA) index in 3-to 6-year-old children.

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The sample of the study population consisted of 113 selected children who live in a low-income district of Perú. Dental Caries status was assessed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the PUFA index was used to assess the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. The normality test was applied to the numerical variables, and no normal distribution was found. Therefore, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to determine the association between the PUFA index and the sex and age of the children. A Chi-square test was also employed to assess the association between the PUFA index and dental caries. Statistical significance was inferred at P < 0.05.

Results: The prevalence of caries was 70% and the prevalence of PUFA was 21%; The PUFA prevalence of the 5-year-old children was 8.75%, the 4-year-old and 6-year-old children had a 5.25%, and the 3-year-old group, 1.75%. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of PUFA and the age group ( P = 0.6). The general PUFA index was 0.03 ± 0.07. No statistically significant association was found between the prevalence of caries ( P = 0.552) and the PUFA index ( P = 0.699). No significant association was found between the PUFA index and the gender of the children ( P = 0.203).

Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries and clinical consequences of untreated dental caries using PUFA in this study was high, however no association was found between them. Within the PUFA index, the pulpitis component had a greater presence, negatively affecting oral health, which will affect the different areas of the child's life.

Background: This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on the quantity of local anesthesia required for asymptomatic patients.

Methods: A total of 154 participants were included and split into smoking and nonsmoking groups. Medically healthy asymptomatic patients attending Ajman University dental clinics were considered. Experienced dentists conducted examinations, diagnoses, and local anesthesia administration. Demographic details, age, smoking type, and intensity were collected. The smoking group was further classified based on the daily duration of smoking for shisha and vaping, as well as the number of cigarettes for conventional smoking. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 28.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp)).

Results: No statistically significant difference observed in the administered amount of local anesthesia concerning the variables examined: age, gender, tooth treated, and dental procedure performed ( P = 0.204). Neither the type nor the quantity of smoking exhibited a notable impact on the quantity of local anesthesia administered to asymptomatic patients ( P = 0.307, 0.959), respectively.

Conclusion: Although smoking type and quantity did not significantly affect anesthesia, the findings underscore the importance of considering various factors influencing treatment outcomes. Recognizing smoking's potential impact, it is crucial for dentists to educate patients about its harmful effects on dental and general health.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different designs of endodontic access cavities and instrument taper on fracture resistance.

Methods: Fifty-six extracted maxillary premolars were divided into three groups. In Group I (Negative control), the samples were left intact. In Group II, traditional cavities were prepared and in Group III truss cavities were prepared. Groups II and III were further subdivided into Subgroup A (no instrumentation), Subgroup B (instrumentation with variable taper files), and Subgroup C (instrumentation with constant taper files) followed by obturation. All samples were restored with composite restoration and subjected to compressive forces using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results: This showed a significant difference in fracture resistance between Group I and all the experimental groups. A significant difference between Group II A and III A was found. Statistically significant results were obtained II A and II B and II A and II C; III A and IIIB and III A and IIIC. No significant difference was observed in fracture resistance between groups II B and II C and III B and III C.

Conclusion: Ultraconservative cavities showed preservation of biomechanical integrity of the tooth and conservation of fracture strength in comparison with traditional cavities before instrumentation. Instrumentation of ultraconservative and traditional cavities further decreases the fracture resistance of the tooth. However, the type of taper seemed to have minimal effect on the structural and biomechanical integrity of the tooth.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the application of silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide on the microhardness and shear bond strength of composite resin complex to enamel and dentin.

Material and method: Extracted premolars were processed and sectioned to expose flat enamel and dentin surfaces. Group 1 was the Enamel group and Group 2 was the Dentin group which were further categorized into sound and demineralized subgroups, with and without SDF+KI application. The samples were then mounted in self-curing acrylic resin and composite buttons were built over the flat surfaces of each subgroup. Half of the total samples were subjected to shear bond strength using a Universal testing machine and another half was subjected to microhardness testing using Vickers microhardness testing machine. Inter-subgroup comparison among enamel and dentin samples for microhardness and shear bond strength was carried out using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's analysis. The level of significance was predetermined at ≤0.05.

Results: The groups with SDF+KI application showed an increase in the shear bond strength while improved microhardness of the enamel and dentin samples was observed. There was a statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength values and microhardness among the subgroups of enamel and dentin ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The application of SDF+KI improved the shear bond strength of the resin composite and enhanced the microhardness of the enamel and dentin.

Context: Conservative management of discoloration involves bleaching efficacy. Research suggests that addition of sweet potato and grape seed extract to the bleaching agent has enhanced efficacy with less or no deleterious effects on enamel.

Aim: Evaluate the efficacy of combining sweet potato and grape seed extracts with 10% and 35% hydrogen peroxide on bleaching of enamel and assess their post-bleaching effects on enamel surface.

Materials and methods: 60 artificially stained incisors were divided into group 1 - 35% H 2 O 2 and group 2 - 10% H 2 O 2 . Further subdivide into sub-group A - H 2 O 2 ; sub-group B - H 2 O 2 and sweet potato extract; subgroup C - H 2 O 2 , sweet potato extract and grape seed extract. Pre- and post-CIEL*a*b* values were obtained, ΔE was calculated, and surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Statistical analysis: Intragroup and intergroup comparison were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U -test with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results: The mean ΔE values of group 1B (81.09 ± 0.6) and 2B (79.70 ± 1.7) were significantly higher than those of groups 1A (71.47 ± 2.0), 2A (67.10 ± 0.4), 1C (77.87 ± 1.4) and 2C (68.03 ± 2.4), respectively. The SEM images of groups 1C and 2C showed lesser surface irregularities and morphological alterations in enamel.

Conclusion: The addition of sweet potato extract and grape seed extract mixture to hydrogen peroxide resulted in the restoration of the natural tooth colour and decreased the effects of bleaching on the enamel morphology.

Background and objective: An intricate relationship exists between neurotransmitters and catecholamines, particularly dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, within human tooth pulp. This study aimed to explain the role of catecholamines in primary teeth with inflamed and non-inflamed pulp.

Methods: A rigorous selection process was employed, with 20 children aged 6 to 8 carefully categorised into healthy and inflamed pulp groups following ethical clearance and parental consent. Teeth were extracted within 5 minutes, and pulp tissue was obtained. A systematic clinical examination and radiographic evaluation were conducted to identify teeth with profound carious lesions indicative of irreversible pulp changes. Teeth that positively responded to cold and heat tests were included in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) uses an ultraviolet detector for chromatographic separation and catecholamine detection at 280 nm. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations were calculated based on peak areas from HPLC graphs and compared with established standard curves. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0, applying independent t -tests and Mann-Whitney U tests for inter-group comparisons.

Results: Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations in inflamed pulp were significantly higher than in healthy pulp. No statistically significant differences in catecholamine concentrations were observed between boys and girls.

Conclusion: The significantly elevated levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in inflamed pulp compared to healthy pulp suggest a potential role of these catecholamines in the inflammatory process of dental pulp. This study not only contributes to understanding the biochemical changes in dental pulp under inflammatory conditions but also underscores the need for further research to fully comprehend the implications of these findings.

Context: Tobacco is a major public health problem. Low Socio Economic Status (SES) populations face greater barriers to quitting smoking that can be directly or indirectly linked to the experience of living in a low socioeconomic environment. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the barriers to tobacco cessation in rural areas of the Ghaziabad district.

Material and methods: A total of 250 participants were included in the sample. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables, tobacco use, and the barriers they face in tobacco cessation.

Results: The majority of the participants (45%) indulged in smokeless tobacco (chewers). Most participants had used tobacco for over 10-15 years (32.3%). The majority of the people did not know that tobacco cessation services existed in hospitals and dental offices (77.7%).

Conclusion: There were many barriers to tobacco cessation in rural areas of the Ghaziabad district. Hence, concerted efforts and tailored strategies can help individuals in rural areas quit smoking.

Background: Accurate impressions of implants are required for transferring position of implants to master cast so no additional stresses are placed on the implants through final restorations. Various impression materials, types of trays and their combinations have been described for the clinicians to choose from.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the commonly employed impression technique to another recommended technique, for multiple splinted implants.

Materials and methods: This in vitro , comparative, experimental study consisted of 10 master casts prepared by 10 secondary impressions which were made by 2 different impression techniques i.e., polyvinyl siloxane with open stock tray and polyether with an open custom tray, which are routinely used by clinicians in daily practice. The inter-implant distance was measured by the coordinate measuring machine. Data was collected and analyzed statistically to obtain the result.

Results: The values of coordinates that were significant (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 1 and 4, and 2 and 4) were selected to measure the accuracy of the material used for the impression and tray type employed. The accuracy of the impressions was analyzed by using Scheffé's method. Mostly non-significant differences were observed between the centroids using the two techniques.

Conclusion: The results suggested that both polyether and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials have nearly equally precise dimensional accuracy and are comparable to each other. Although not statistically significant, polyvinyl siloxane showed slightly higher accuracy than polyether. Both the trays used with their respective impression materials provided clinically acceptable results and hence may be used interchangeably.