Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Context: Tobacco is a major public health problem. Low Socio Economic Status (SES) populations face greater barriers to quitting smoking that can be directly or indirectly linked to the experience of living in a low socioeconomic environment. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the barriers to tobacco cessation in rural areas of the Ghaziabad district.

Material and methods: A total of 250 participants were included in the sample. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables, tobacco use, and the barriers they face in tobacco cessation.

Results: The majority of the participants (45%) indulged in smokeless tobacco (chewers). Most participants had used tobacco for over 10-15 years (32.3%). The majority of the people did not know that tobacco cessation services existed in hospitals and dental offices (77.7%).

Conclusion: There were many barriers to tobacco cessation in rural areas of the Ghaziabad district. Hence, concerted efforts and tailored strategies can help individuals in rural areas quit smoking.

Background: Accurate impressions of implants are required for transferring position of implants to master cast so no additional stresses are placed on the implants through final restorations. Various impression materials, types of trays and their combinations have been described for the clinicians to choose from.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the commonly employed impression technique to another recommended technique, for multiple splinted implants.

Materials and methods: This in vitro , comparative, experimental study consisted of 10 master casts prepared by 10 secondary impressions which were made by 2 different impression techniques i.e., polyvinyl siloxane with open stock tray and polyether with an open custom tray, which are routinely used by clinicians in daily practice. The inter-implant distance was measured by the coordinate measuring machine. Data was collected and analyzed statistically to obtain the result.

Results: The values of coordinates that were significant (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 1 and 4, and 2 and 4) were selected to measure the accuracy of the material used for the impression and tray type employed. The accuracy of the impressions was analyzed by using Scheffé's method. Mostly non-significant differences were observed between the centroids using the two techniques.

Conclusion: The results suggested that both polyether and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials have nearly equally precise dimensional accuracy and are comparable to each other. Although not statistically significant, polyvinyl siloxane showed slightly higher accuracy than polyether. Both the trays used with their respective impression materials provided clinically acceptable results and hence may be used interchangeably.

Introduction: Sex hormones play an important role in the health of women's periodontal structures throughout their lives. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, such as hormonal therapy or the use of oral contraceptives; women, in particular, experience hormonal fluctuation. It is quite undeniable that periodontal symptoms emerge when these steroid hormones are out of equilibrium.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire was conducted, including 462 women within the age range of 18-35 years. Twenty four questions on the subject of periodontal changes associated with menstruation were included in the questionnaire and the responses were recorded. The data collected were tabulated in an Excel sheet and was statistically analyzed.

Results: Descriptive analysis was used to assess participants' knowledge and awareness. It was found that 50% of the participants were unaware of the gingival and periodontal changes related to menstruation. The findings suggest that the awareness among 25-30 years was higher. The results also show that the alteration in the color of the gingiva and bleeding from the gingiva shows an insignificant change during menstruation ( P = 0.837, P = 0.875), whereas a statistically significant difference was seen in the texture of the gingiva, ulceration of gingiva, pain, and burning sensation in the periodontal tissue during menstruation ( P = 0.001).

Conclusion: There is a huge gap in awareness of periodontal changes and menstruation. Creating awareness and spreading knowledge about this relationship will help to prevent periodontal disease at an early stage in women.

Background: The antimicrobial activity was assessed on the basis of the zone of inhibition at different concentrations of strontium doped nano hydroxyapatite and comparing the same with that of Ampicillin.

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of Strontium doped nano hydroxyapatite (Sr-nHAp) when used as remineralizing agent and the property was compared with the similar effects of Ampicillin.

Methods and material: To focus on the antibacterial properties of Sr-nHAp, bacterial culture was performed in a specialized medium and the antibacterial effectiveness was compared with that of the antimicrobial effect of Ampicillin. The pathogenic culture of Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) were grown in Brain Heart Infusion media for 24 h at 37°C. Two separate culture plates were assigned for S.mutans and E. coli , each were incorporated with different concentrations of Sr-nHAp and Ampicillin (1 mg/mL). The zone of inhibition around the area inoculated with Sr-nHAp in both S.mutans and E. coli culture plates were assessed and compared with that of Ampicillin.

Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results and conclusions: The results of the study proved that there is significant difference in zone of inhibition at 10%, 20% and 30% of Sr-nHAp ( P < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of Sr-nHAp improves as the concentration increases. It was concluded that 30% Sr-nHAp has shown antimicrobial activity similar to Ampicillin against both S. mutans and E-Coli.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether gender, religion, and socio-economic position (SEP) intersect to structure social inequalities in oral health among adults in Hyderabad.

Material and methods: Demographic details and SEP (based on poverty income ratio) were obtained. Clinical oral examination was assessed for untreated dental caries, bleeding gums, periodontal status, loss of attachment, and edentulism using WHO proforma 2013 among 264 study participants.

Results: Clear inequalities in the four oral conditions were observed according to SEP. The odds of having each oral condition were lower among higher SEP groups. By Religion, Christians have 2.3 times higher odds of having untreated caries. Christians and Muslims have higher odds ( P = 0.02) for bleeding gums compared to Hindus. In addition to that, males showed lower odds of having bleeding gums than their female counterparts. Finally, oral conditions were more prevalent in older age groups compared to younger age group participants.

Conclusion: This study concluded that there is an acceptable intersection between demographic characteristics in predicting the untreated oral health condition.

Abstract: Malocclusion is a global public dental health problem with higher prevalence and treatment needs. However, there is a perplexing literature regarding early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition stage. '2 × 4 orthodontic appliances' have been highlighted in the literature as versatile appliances for the effective correction of various malocclusions in children. However, dental clinicians and researchers should also have updated knowledge about the negative aspects of '2 × 4 orthodontic appliances', which are reported in the exiting literature. Hence, this systematic review aimed to find out the evidence about the adverse effects/complications of 2 × 4 orthodontic appliance therapy in mixed dentition phase of paediatric patients by extensively exploring and critically appraising the pertinent literature. This systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Its protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Literature was searched comprehensively in six databases and also manually. After the screening of the records (n = 1234) as per the eligibility criteria, finally, nine (n = 5) articles were included and critically analysed using different Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Eligible studies including Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (n = 1), non-RCT (n = 2), retrospective study (n = 1), case-report (n = 1) published from 1999 to 2023 in which 82 patients with mean-age of 10-year, mostly with pseudo class-III malocclusion, anterior cross-bite and crowding treated using 2 x 4 appliance were found. The literature-based evidence related to the adverse effects of 2 × 4 orthodontic appliances was found to be inadequate in quantity, but majority was of high quality (low risk of bias). However, various negative aspects/complications of this particular fixed orthodontic therapy were reported by the included primary studies.

Introduction: An increase in the incidence of postoperative sensitivity following composite restorations has become an everyday clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of a self-etching adhesive in combination with a dentin desensitizer (Gluma desensitizer), to a self-etching adhesive only, in preventing post-composite sensitivity immediately and over 30 days following a single topical application.

Materials and methods: This clinical trial included 112 patients (206 teeth), who were randomized to receive self-etching adhesive in combination with Gluma desensitizer or a self-etching adhesive only. The included teeth were tested for tactile, air blast and cold stimuli, following which patients were asked to rate their sensitivity on an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The subjects were then assessed for post-composite sensitivity immediately after, as well as 1 week and 1 month following the treatment. Descriptive statistics were compared using t-test and Chi-square test. Intergroup comparisons of change in NRS scores to various stimuli were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: The baseline comparison of NRS scores to air, water and tactile stimuli did not reveal any statistically significant differences. The change in NRS scores post air blast, 1 week and 1 month, after the treatment for sensitivity, was observed to be significantly higher in the Gluma group compared to self-etching adhesive (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: Subjects belonging to the Gluma desensitizer group reported a statistically significant reduction in postoperative sensitivity to air blast stimuli, following composite restoration, at both 1 week and 1 month follow-up.

Background: The goal of effective primary tooth infection treatment is to keep the child healthy. The need to find the optimum root canal paste, however, was driven by the complex morphology of primary root canals and the desire for shorter therapy sessions.

Aims: To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic success of zinc oxide eugenol, Zinc oxide-Propolis, and endoflas as obturating materials in the pulpectomy of primary teeth at 3, 6 and 9 months of follow-up.

Materials and methods: Pulpectomy of 60 nonvital primary molars was accomplished in 50 children aged 4-9 years. Teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups of 20 molars according to the type of root canal filling material. Pulpectomy was performed in a single or multiple visits depending on the condition of the tooth, and a stainless-steel crown was used for final restoration. Clinical and radiographic results were evaluated double-blindly at baseline (1 week), and at 3, 6 and 9 months, while radiographic results were evaluated at baseline (1 week), and at 6 and 9 months. Data were analysed using the Chi-square/Fisher's exact test, and the P value was set at 0.05.

Results: Endoflas and a mixture of zinc oxide powder with Propolis showed promising results (100%), whereas zinc oxide eugenol showed a lower success rate than the other two materials (85%).

Conclusions: Endoflas and a combination of zinc oxide powder with Propolis can be a promising material as an alternative to Zinc Oxide Eugenol for obturation in primary teeth.

Introduction: Developmental dental anomalies are variations from expected clinical appearance, shape, size, color, contour, number, eruption pattern, and degree of tooth development. Early diagnosis of such anomalies helps formulate a treatment plan and provide optimal dental care.

Materials and method: Present study was a retrospective study designed to identify and analyze non-syndromic developmental dental anomalies amongst children and adolescents aged 9 to ≤19 years of Indian origin belonging to both genders who reported for orthodontic treatment. The data were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistics; Pearson's Chi-square test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used.

Results: In 1017 subjects (559 male, 458 female), a total of 569 individuals (277 male, 292 female) and 853 teeth had anomalies. The most common anomalies in the study sample were impacted with teeth (24.5%), dilaceration (10.4%), and hypodontia (6.8%). The maxillary canine was the most commonly involved in any form of anomaly. Approximately, 32.54% (n = 331) of subjects showed only one tooth anomaly, 26.74% (n = 272) of participants showed anomalies in two teeth, whereas 7.6% (n = 77) of patients showed anomalies in three or more teeth.

Conclusion: Most commonly observed anomaly in the present study was impacted teeth (24.5%). The maxillary canine was the most commonly involved tooth in any form of anomaly.