Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Background: This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on the quantity of local anesthesia required for asymptomatic patients.

Methods: A total of 154 participants were included and split into smoking and nonsmoking groups. Medically healthy asymptomatic patients attending Ajman University dental clinics were considered. Experienced dentists conducted examinations, diagnoses, and local anesthesia administration. Demographic details, age, smoking type, and intensity were collected. The smoking group was further classified based on the daily duration of smoking for shisha and vaping, as well as the number of cigarettes for conventional smoking. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 28.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp)).

Results: No statistically significant difference observed in the administered amount of local anesthesia concerning the variables examined: age, gender, tooth treated, and dental procedure performed ( P = 0.204). Neither the type nor the quantity of smoking exhibited a notable impact on the quantity of local anesthesia administered to asymptomatic patients ( P = 0.307, 0.959), respectively.

Conclusion: Although smoking type and quantity did not significantly affect anesthesia, the findings underscore the importance of considering various factors influencing treatment outcomes. Recognizing smoking's potential impact, it is crucial for dentists to educate patients about its harmful effects on dental and general health.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different designs of endodontic access cavities and instrument taper on fracture resistance.

Methods: Fifty-six extracted maxillary premolars were divided into three groups. In Group I (Negative control), the samples were left intact. In Group II, traditional cavities were prepared and in Group III truss cavities were prepared. Groups II and III were further subdivided into Subgroup A (no instrumentation), Subgroup B (instrumentation with variable taper files), and Subgroup C (instrumentation with constant taper files) followed by obturation. All samples were restored with composite restoration and subjected to compressive forces using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results: This showed a significant difference in fracture resistance between Group I and all the experimental groups. A significant difference between Group II A and III A was found. Statistically significant results were obtained II A and II B and II A and II C; III A and IIIB and III A and IIIC. No significant difference was observed in fracture resistance between groups II B and II C and III B and III C.

Conclusion: Ultraconservative cavities showed preservation of biomechanical integrity of the tooth and conservation of fracture strength in comparison with traditional cavities before instrumentation. Instrumentation of ultraconservative and traditional cavities further decreases the fracture resistance of the tooth. However, the type of taper seemed to have minimal effect on the structural and biomechanical integrity of the tooth.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the application of silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide on the microhardness and shear bond strength of composite resin complex to enamel and dentin.

Material and method: Extracted premolars were processed and sectioned to expose flat enamel and dentin surfaces. Group 1 was the Enamel group and Group 2 was the Dentin group which were further categorized into sound and demineralized subgroups, with and without SDF+KI application. The samples were then mounted in self-curing acrylic resin and composite buttons were built over the flat surfaces of each subgroup. Half of the total samples were subjected to shear bond strength using a Universal testing machine and another half was subjected to microhardness testing using Vickers microhardness testing machine. Inter-subgroup comparison among enamel and dentin samples for microhardness and shear bond strength was carried out using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's analysis. The level of significance was predetermined at ≤0.05.

Results: The groups with SDF+KI application showed an increase in the shear bond strength while improved microhardness of the enamel and dentin samples was observed. There was a statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength values and microhardness among the subgroups of enamel and dentin ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The application of SDF+KI improved the shear bond strength of the resin composite and enhanced the microhardness of the enamel and dentin.

Context: Conservative management of discoloration involves bleaching efficacy. Research suggests that addition of sweet potato and grape seed extract to the bleaching agent has enhanced efficacy with less or no deleterious effects on enamel.

Aim: Evaluate the efficacy of combining sweet potato and grape seed extracts with 10% and 35% hydrogen peroxide on bleaching of enamel and assess their post-bleaching effects on enamel surface.

Materials and methods: 60 artificially stained incisors were divided into group 1 - 35% H 2 O 2 and group 2 - 10% H 2 O 2 . Further subdivide into sub-group A - H 2 O 2 ; sub-group B - H 2 O 2 and sweet potato extract; subgroup C - H 2 O 2 , sweet potato extract and grape seed extract. Pre- and post-CIEL*a*b* values were obtained, ΔE was calculated, and surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Statistical analysis: Intragroup and intergroup comparison were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U -test with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results: The mean ΔE values of group 1B (81.09 ± 0.6) and 2B (79.70 ± 1.7) were significantly higher than those of groups 1A (71.47 ± 2.0), 2A (67.10 ± 0.4), 1C (77.87 ± 1.4) and 2C (68.03 ± 2.4), respectively. The SEM images of groups 1C and 2C showed lesser surface irregularities and morphological alterations in enamel.

Conclusion: The addition of sweet potato extract and grape seed extract mixture to hydrogen peroxide resulted in the restoration of the natural tooth colour and decreased the effects of bleaching on the enamel morphology.

Background and objective: An intricate relationship exists between neurotransmitters and catecholamines, particularly dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, within human tooth pulp. This study aimed to explain the role of catecholamines in primary teeth with inflamed and non-inflamed pulp.

Methods: A rigorous selection process was employed, with 20 children aged 6 to 8 carefully categorised into healthy and inflamed pulp groups following ethical clearance and parental consent. Teeth were extracted within 5 minutes, and pulp tissue was obtained. A systematic clinical examination and radiographic evaluation were conducted to identify teeth with profound carious lesions indicative of irreversible pulp changes. Teeth that positively responded to cold and heat tests were included in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) uses an ultraviolet detector for chromatographic separation and catecholamine detection at 280 nm. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations were calculated based on peak areas from HPLC graphs and compared with established standard curves. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0, applying independent t -tests and Mann-Whitney U tests for inter-group comparisons.

Results: Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations in inflamed pulp were significantly higher than in healthy pulp. No statistically significant differences in catecholamine concentrations were observed between boys and girls.

Conclusion: The significantly elevated levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in inflamed pulp compared to healthy pulp suggest a potential role of these catecholamines in the inflammatory process of dental pulp. This study not only contributes to understanding the biochemical changes in dental pulp under inflammatory conditions but also underscores the need for further research to fully comprehend the implications of these findings.

Context: Tobacco is a major public health problem. Low Socio Economic Status (SES) populations face greater barriers to quitting smoking that can be directly or indirectly linked to the experience of living in a low socioeconomic environment. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the barriers to tobacco cessation in rural areas of the Ghaziabad district.

Material and methods: A total of 250 participants were included in the sample. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables, tobacco use, and the barriers they face in tobacco cessation.

Results: The majority of the participants (45%) indulged in smokeless tobacco (chewers). Most participants had used tobacco for over 10-15 years (32.3%). The majority of the people did not know that tobacco cessation services existed in hospitals and dental offices (77.7%).

Conclusion: There were many barriers to tobacco cessation in rural areas of the Ghaziabad district. Hence, concerted efforts and tailored strategies can help individuals in rural areas quit smoking.

Background: Accurate impressions of implants are required for transferring position of implants to master cast so no additional stresses are placed on the implants through final restorations. Various impression materials, types of trays and their combinations have been described for the clinicians to choose from.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the commonly employed impression technique to another recommended technique, for multiple splinted implants.

Materials and methods: This in vitro , comparative, experimental study consisted of 10 master casts prepared by 10 secondary impressions which were made by 2 different impression techniques i.e., polyvinyl siloxane with open stock tray and polyether with an open custom tray, which are routinely used by clinicians in daily practice. The inter-implant distance was measured by the coordinate measuring machine. Data was collected and analyzed statistically to obtain the result.

Results: The values of coordinates that were significant (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 1 and 4, and 2 and 4) were selected to measure the accuracy of the material used for the impression and tray type employed. The accuracy of the impressions was analyzed by using Scheffé's method. Mostly non-significant differences were observed between the centroids using the two techniques.

Conclusion: The results suggested that both polyether and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials have nearly equally precise dimensional accuracy and are comparable to each other. Although not statistically significant, polyvinyl siloxane showed slightly higher accuracy than polyether. Both the trays used with their respective impression materials provided clinically acceptable results and hence may be used interchangeably.

Introduction: Sex hormones play an important role in the health of women's periodontal structures throughout their lives. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, such as hormonal therapy or the use of oral contraceptives; women, in particular, experience hormonal fluctuation. It is quite undeniable that periodontal symptoms emerge when these steroid hormones are out of equilibrium.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire was conducted, including 462 women within the age range of 18-35 years. Twenty four questions on the subject of periodontal changes associated with menstruation were included in the questionnaire and the responses were recorded. The data collected were tabulated in an Excel sheet and was statistically analyzed.

Results: Descriptive analysis was used to assess participants' knowledge and awareness. It was found that 50% of the participants were unaware of the gingival and periodontal changes related to menstruation. The findings suggest that the awareness among 25-30 years was higher. The results also show that the alteration in the color of the gingiva and bleeding from the gingiva shows an insignificant change during menstruation ( P = 0.837, P = 0.875), whereas a statistically significant difference was seen in the texture of the gingiva, ulceration of gingiva, pain, and burning sensation in the periodontal tissue during menstruation ( P = 0.001).

Conclusion: There is a huge gap in awareness of periodontal changes and menstruation. Creating awareness and spreading knowledge about this relationship will help to prevent periodontal disease at an early stage in women.

Background: The antimicrobial activity was assessed on the basis of the zone of inhibition at different concentrations of strontium doped nano hydroxyapatite and comparing the same with that of Ampicillin.

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of Strontium doped nano hydroxyapatite (Sr-nHAp) when used as remineralizing agent and the property was compared with the similar effects of Ampicillin.

Methods and material: To focus on the antibacterial properties of Sr-nHAp, bacterial culture was performed in a specialized medium and the antibacterial effectiveness was compared with that of the antimicrobial effect of Ampicillin. The pathogenic culture of Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) were grown in Brain Heart Infusion media for 24 h at 37°C. Two separate culture plates were assigned for S.mutans and E. coli , each were incorporated with different concentrations of Sr-nHAp and Ampicillin (1 mg/mL). The zone of inhibition around the area inoculated with Sr-nHAp in both S.mutans and E. coli culture plates were assessed and compared with that of Ampicillin.

Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results and conclusions: The results of the study proved that there is significant difference in zone of inhibition at 10%, 20% and 30% of Sr-nHAp ( P < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of Sr-nHAp improves as the concentration increases. It was concluded that 30% Sr-nHAp has shown antimicrobial activity similar to Ampicillin against both S. mutans and E-Coli.