Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Aims: To investigate how Cosmesil M-511 HTV maxillofacial silicone elastomer's tear, hardness, and colour are affected by the addition of nanoscale silicone dioxide (SiO 2 ) and cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) filler.

Materials and methods: Nano SiO 2 and CeO 2 were added to the silicone base in concentrations of 5% by weight. Silicone with 0% nanofiller served as a control. The tear test was conducted according to ISO 34-1. A visual colour-measuring test was conducted According to ASTM D1535.

Statistical analysis used: ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. There was a significantly substantial increase in tear strength in all nano SiO 2 concentration groups.

Results: Among the other groups, the 5% group displayed the highest mean values. According to spectrophotometric data, the material's translucency was significantly reduced with all nanofiller concentrations; however, this reduction could also be seen visually as a little intensification of colour.

Conclusions: Mechanical properties like tear and hardness of M-511 silicone are greatly improved when reinforced with 5% nano SiO 2 ; however, there is a little visible colour shift.

Objective: To analyse the facial proportions of the Indian population belonging to the Tibeto-Burman population from Northeast India.

Materials and methods: An anthropometric cross-sectional cohort study was conducted on Indian population enrolling subjects belonging to the Tibeto-Burman population from Northeast India with same racial descent and residing in India. This study evaluated 90 subjects for facial anthropometric data. Subjects belonging to the age group of 18 to 25 years, healthy subjects with normal body mass index, subjects with the well-balanced face and subjects with Class I occlusal relationship with near normal dental arches based on the British Standards Institute's incisor classification were included. Subjects with known developmental or acquired facial abnormalities and subjects with either Class II or Class III occlusal relationship or with dental crowding or spacing were excluded. Both linear and angular measurements were taken to determine the morphologic characteristics of the maxillofacial complex.

Results: Sexual dimorphism was noted with the men exhibiting a greater and wider dimension than their counterparts. The populace revealed a flatter facial profile with reduced nasal projection and increased malar prominence. The intercanthal distance, width of the palpebral fissure and the frontonasal angle were lesser than the Caucasian race. When compared to Caucasian race, they showed smaller lower facial height, width of mouth, nasal bridge inclination, Naso-labial angle, length of nose, columella length, intercanthal distance, and chin throat angle.

Conclusion: The facial proportions of the Tibeto-Burman population from Northeast India exhibited significant variances in certain parameters from that of the Caucasian race.

Abstract: Despite significant advancements in dental care, edentulism remains the persistent challenge, particularly in cases of severe alveolar ridge resorption. Traditional treatment modalities, such as bone grafting and endosseous implants, are often associated with complications, prolonged rehabilitation periods, and patient dissatisfaction. The aim of this study is to introduce a novel technique for managing patients with severely resorbed ridges. This case report presents a 64-year-old edentulous female with severe jawbone atrophy, successfully treated using custom subperiosteal implants (SPIs) fabricated with advanced additive manufacturing techniques. The SPIs, designed based on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, provided stable prosthetic support without the need for invasive bone grafting. The patient's treatment plan, included the placement of custom implants, implant-retained overdentures, and a 2-year follow-up, which revealed satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes with no complications. Advancements in SPI design, particularly the use of selective laser melting and finite element analysis, have significantly improved clinical outcomes and reduced the incidence of complications. This case highlights custom SPIs as a viable, minimally invasive alternative for the management of severely resorbed jaws, yielding satisfactory clinical results.

Background: Chemical root surface conditioning has been introduced to detoxify, decontaminate, and demineralise the root surfaces affected by periodontitis, thereby removing the smear layer and exposing the collagenous matrix of dentin and cementum. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel and 24% EDTA gel as root conditioning agents on instrumented root surfaces of periodontally involved teeth using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and methods: In the present study, periodontally affected single-rooted teeth were selected. With a Gracey curette (5/6), root planing of root surfaces was done. A total of 30 samples were obtained from the cervical two-thirds of the root using hard tissue microtome. The samples were divided into three groups: GROUP - A: only scaling and root planing (SRP), GROUP - B: SRP + 24% EDTA, GROUP - C: SRP + 0.2% hyaluronic acid. The respective conditioning agents were applied on the specimens by the passive burnishing technique with a cotton pellet for 3 minutes. The samples were examined using an SEM. The results obtained were recorded and statistically analysed.

Results: The results revealed that the root conditioning agents used in this study were effective in removing the smear layer and increasing the total number and diameter of the dentinal tubules. Among them, 24% EDTA was more effective than 0.2% hyaluronic acid ( P value < 0.05 - statistically significant).

Conclusion: The use of root conditioning agents increased the number of dentinal tubules opening. The efficacy of 24% EDTA seems to be higher than that of 0.2% hyaluronic acid.

Background: Dental stem cells from pulp tissue have their important application in regenerative dentistry. The research on potential use of dental stem cells has been progressing exponentially, and hence, the skills and knowledge in this area amongst the dental and biotechnology professionals are of utmost significance. The study aimed to determine the level of awareness, knowledge, and opinion on the dental pulp stem cells and their application in regenerative dentistry amongst dentists and biotechnology professionals.

Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based survey. A questionnaire prepared in Google form was distributed to 170 potential participants, which included 77 dental and 82 biotechnology professionals. The responses of 159 participants (93.5%) were received.

Results: There was a significant difference in the opinion regarding dental tissue as a source of stem cells between dentists and biotechnology professionals ( P < 0.001). More biotechnologists were aware of the availability of stem cell banking in India than dentists. Nearly 55% opine that stems cells from pulp have their greatest application in restoring the tooth.

Conclusion: There was adequate awareness about the dental stem cells amongst the professionals, and they were optimistic about their potential application. There is a lacuna in the knowledge regarding its application in systemic diseases and banking. Hence, there is a need to include the topic of stem cells in dental and biotechnology curriculum.

Introduction: Chronic protracted mandibular dislocation (CPMD) in elderly patients poses unique treatment challenges due to age-related anatomical changes. This report details the successful management of bilateral CPMD in a geriatric patient.

Case report: A 69-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of inability to close her mouth following bilateral TMJ dislocation. Examination and imaging revealed thinning of the glenoid fossa and zygomatic root, along with pneumatization. Previous forceful reductions under general anesthesia had failed.

Intervention: A custom titanium modified bent L miniplate was surgically placed to act as a mechanical stop, preventing excessive anterior condylar translation while preserving hinge movement.

Outcomes: At follow-up, the patient reported no further dislocations, significant pain reduction, and improved mastication and speech. Postoperative mouth opening increased from 12 mm to 34 mm.

Conclusion: The custom miniplate technique offers a promising solution for managing chronic TMJ dislocations in elderly patients with compromised bone quality, providing mechanical stability without intra-articular intervention.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of bite force within arches in natural dentition.

Methodology: A cohort of (number) participants with intact permanent dentition was recruited for this cross-sectional study. T-Scan technology, a dynamic occlusal analysis system, was employed to record and analyse bite force distribution during various functional tasks such as chewing and biting. The data collection process involved obtaining real-time digital recordings of occlusal contacts and pressures within the natural dentition.

Results: One-way ANOVA was performed as it was found that there is a significant difference in the values on both sides. Tukey's post hoc test for multiple pairwise comparison was performed, and it was found that there is no significant difference between the first and second premolars. There is also no significant difference between the first and second molars on both sides.

Conclusion: The first molar exhibited maximum bite force distribution. However, it is not statistically significant compared to the second molar. Molars showed more bite force distribution compared to premolars.

Background: Tooth extractions can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to transient bacteremia. Diabetic individuals are more susceptible due to impaired immunity, delayed healing, and reduced infection clearance. While systemic bacteremia is well-studied, localized bacteremia from the alveolar socket remains underexplored. This study compares post-extraction bacteremia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients to improve infection risk assessment and preventive care.

Objectives: 1. Compare alveolar socket bacteremia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. 2. Assess bacteremia prevalence and severity in both groups. 3. Evaluate the impact of diabetes on post-extraction bacteremia. 4. Identify predominant bacterial species and their clinical relevance. 5. Examine associations between bacteremia, glycemic control, healing response, and infection risk.

Materials and methods: Sixty patients (30 diabetics, 30 non-diabetics) aged 30-70 from low-to-medium socioeconomic backgrounds were studied. Males predominated among diabetics, females among non-diabetics. Post-extraction socket blood was collected, cultured on blood agar, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Bacterial identification was performed using microscopic examination and confirmatory assays.

Results: Statistical analysis ( p ≤ 0.05) showed diabetics had higher Streptococcus (56.6%), Enterococcus (26.6%), Klebsiella (3.3%), and Candida (3.3%), while non-diabetics had Enterococcus (40%), Streptococcus (30%), Moraxella (16.6%), and Escherichia coli (3.3%). Staphylococcus and Pneumococcus were exclusive to diabetics.

Conclusion: Localized bacteremia may indicate systemic health risks. Further research is needed to establish clinical correlations, refine treatment protocols, and improve early intervention strategies.

Objectives: C-shaped root canal morphology presents significant challenges in endodontic treatment due to its complex anatomy. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prevalence of C-shaped canal anatomy in mandibular second premolars and examined the influence of geographic variation on prevalence rates.

Materials and methods: The study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, systematically searching five electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included cross-sectional, prospective, and observational studies on C-shaped canal prevalence in adult mandibular second premolars.

Statistical analysis: A random-effects model in RStudio software was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of C-shaped canals.

Results: The pooled prevalence based on participants was 1.31% (CI: 0.68-2.53; I² = 90%; P < 0.01). Based on the number of teeth, the prevalence was 0.96% (CI: 0.46-2.00; I² = 93%; P < 0.01), also with high heterogeneity. Geographic analysis showed the highest prevalence in South America 5.83% (CI: 0.57-40.04; I² = 95%; P < 0.01) and the lowest in Australia 0.42% (CI: 0.31-0.93).

Conclusions: The study demonstrated variability in the prevalence of C-shaped canals, with a pooled estimate of 1.31% based on participant-level data and 0.96% based on tooth-level assessment. The substantial heterogeneity observed across studies highlights the morphological diversity of root canal systems. Geographic differences were observed, with the highest prevalence in South America and the lowest in Australia. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific diagnostic vigilance.