Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Background/objectives: Smile analysis is a determinant tool for the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcome. This study aimed to evaluate and compare dynamic smile before and after twin block therapy.

Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on 30 subjects in age group of 11-14 years (mean age = 12.80 ± 1.2 years). Dynamic smile was recorded by videography at two time points, that is pre- (T0) and post- (T1) twin block therapy. Measurements were made on frontal rest and smile photographs. A paired t -test was used for comparison of changes at T0 and T1. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: At full smile, significant increase was observed in upper lip length (0.97 mm), lower lip length (1.96 mm) and thickness (0.52 mm), stomion inferius to supramentale (1.96 mm), lower lip to maxillary incisor (0.70 mm), distance from upper incisal edge to inferior portion of lower lip (1.73 mm), interlabial gap (1.26 mm), soft tissue lower facial height (3.59 mm), buccal corridor ratio (0.03), smile width (2.06 mm), maxillary intercanine width (3.61 mm) and width of all visible maxillary teeth (3.65 mm) following twin block therapy. Buccal corridor showed significant decrease (1.02-1.16 mm) post-twin block appliance therapy. At rest, statistically significant increase was observed in the upper lip length (1.60 mm), lower lip length (2.99 mm) and thickness (1.28 mm), stomion inferius-supramentale (4.47 mm) and soft tissue lower facial height (3.13 mm), whereas maxillary incisor exposure (2.09 mm) and interlabial gap (2.06 mm) showed significant decrease.

Conclusions: Dynamic smile assessment revealed a significant improvement in smile aesthetics following twin block therapy.

Aim and objectives: Oral Pathology and Microbiology (OPM) is a branch of dentistry; the objectives of it have been underestimated by undergraduate (UG) dental students. Thus, the present study was formulated, which outlines the acuity of UG students toward OPM as subject and career prospects along with its gender-wise comparison.

Material and methods: An institutional close-ended questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 219 students including BDS IInd year (36), IIIrd year (42), IVth year (93) students and interns (48), aged between 19 and 24 years. The questionnaire comprised 13 questions related to students' perception of OPM as a subject along with its career practice. Data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test (P < 0.05).

Statistics and results: Among all participants, 99 (45%) were males and 120 (55%) were females. On Chi-square analysis, we found that the majority of interns (87.5%) and 41.7% of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) IV year opined that the subject was both research-oriented as well as clinical with a statistically significant difference. Additionally, students from all four years agreed with the affirmation of career opportunities at cancer centres with significant differences and increased propensity for making Oncology Fellowship programs a prerequisite in addition to Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) certification. On gender comparisons, we observed mixed types of results and inconclusive perceptions.

Conclusion: The study revealed that students of a higher grade (BDS final year and interns) possess adequate practical knowledge and scope of practice of OPM compared to the lower-grade (BDS II and III years) UG dental students with a need for workshops and seminars in the future prospectus.

Introduction: An increase in dental trauma due to seizures in epileptic patients is a serious concern. Other serious injuries are treated immediately, but dental trauma goes ignored. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to know the proportion of dental injuries and their subgroups.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 1, 1990, to April 30, 2023, to identify articles reporting dental trauma due to epilepsy. We used two measures of heterogeneity (Q and I2-statistic) to select appropriate model (fixed or random effect model) for estimating pooled proportion. We used meta-regression to identify the significant predictors affecting the proportion of interest.

Results: We included 28 articles in the final meta-analysis. The pooled proportion (prop) of dental trauma in epilepsy patients was 0.20 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.25). The categories for subgroup meta-analysis were hard tissue dental injury (prop: 0.14 (0.09, 0.20)), soft tissue dental injury (prop: 0.25 (0.18, 0.32)), both groups (prop: 0.48 (0.39, 0.57)), injury to teeth (prop: 0.14 (0.09, 0.20)), injury to tongue (prop: 0.28 (0.18, 0.37)), injury to lip (prop: 0.17 (0.10, 0.25)). gum injury (prop: 0.09 (0.05, 0.16)), injury to cheek (Prop: 0.12 (0.06, 0.18)), others (Prop: 0.61 (0.46, 0.75)), Negroid group (prop: 0.15 (0.08, 0.21)), Caucasian group (prop: 0.20 (0.12, 0.28)), and Asian group (prop: 0.24 (0.16, 0.32)).

Conclusion: The proportion of traumatic dental injuries due in patients with epilepsy was 0.20. Oral soft tissues were more affected than hard tissues (prop: 0.25 vs 0.14), and among soft tissues, tongue was most affected (prop: 0.28). Early age of epilepsy onset and high frequency of seizures also contribute to dental trauma.

Background: An impacted lower wisdom tooth is a common condition encountered in oral surgery. A horizontally impacted lower third molar is associated with more bone removal compared to mesioangular and distoangular impactions.

Objective: The goal was to minimize overall bone removal without compromising the function of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Materials and methods: Twenty-five patients, between 18 and 46 years old, participated in the study-20 females and five males. All patients attended a private clinic with the intention of having their impacted teeth removed. A portion of the buccal cortex, with specific dimensions, was removed from a position lateral to the horizontally impacted wisdom tooth. This was preserved in a sterile wet pack and refixed after tooth removal to minimize bone loss.

Results: A majority of cases involved females (80%) and males (20%). The primary assessment criterion was the viability of the buccal cortex and the presence of any associated complications. One male patient was found to have lost the buccal cortex (accounting for 4% of cases). Two patients complained of temporary paraesthesia, which resolved within 4 months.

Statistical analysis: The data were collected and compiled in Microsoft Excel. The Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data was used to analyse descriptive data. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Conclusion: The removal of a small part of the buccal cortex lateral to a horizontally impacted lower third molar is highly predictable when conducted with precision. This is particularly true when the tissue is secured properly, which can subsequently reduce the amount of bone removed.

Introduction: Periodontitis is considered as the 6th complication of diabetes. Laser therapy has been used in periodontics aiming at reducing bacteria to stimulate regeneration of tissue, and for its anti- inflammatory effect.

Aim: To compare the clinical parameters, HbA1c level in blood & Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic generalized periodontitis at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and after SRP along with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). A total of 30 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and having chronic generalized periodontitis were divided into 2 groups of 15 each. Control group was subjected to SRP only whereas the experimental group received six sessions LLLT along with SRP.

Materials and methods: The clinical parameters namely Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index, Bleeding on Probing, Probing Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Level along with HbA1c levels and TNF-α in GCF were evaluated at baseline, 3rd month and 6th month respectively. TNF-α was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: All periodontal parameters, HbA1c and TNF-α levels reduced superiorly in the experimental group as compared to control group at 3rd month interval.

Conclusions: Adjunctive use of laser therapy has effects for 3 months on the clinical parameters and TNF-α values but 6 months effects on HbA1c levels and PI in type 2 DM patients. It is obvious that these effects are dose and wavelength sensitive.

Introduction: Age estimation is a critical aspect of forensic science, with various methods employed, including skeletal development, dental maturation, and anthropometric measurements. Cervical vertebrae maturation is a reliable biological marker of skeletal maturity, and its use in combination with other techniques can enhance accuracy in age estimation.

Aim: This study aimed to categorize individuals as under or over 18 years of age by evaluating cervical vertebrae and permanent molar maturation in the Dakshina Kannada population.

Materials and methods: A total of 132 individuals were categorized into two groups: under 18 years and over 18 years. Data were collected using orthopantomograms (OPG) and lateral cephalograms (LC). Cervical vertebral age was determined using the McNamara and Franchi technique, while dental age was assessed using Nolla's method.

Results: Age was significantly associated with the shape, inferior border, and stage of cervical vertebrae, as confirmed by Pearson's Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that combining skeletal and dental maturity indices improved the accuracy of age classification.

Conclusion: Cervical vertebrae maturation, in conjunction with dental age estimation, serves as a reliable method for accurately determining age, particularly for distinguishing individuals over and under 18 years. The analysis revealed no significant difference in correlation between males and females, Additionally, the findings indicate that cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) can provide a rough estimate of age, demonstrating its potential utility in age prediction with reasonable accuracy.

Background: Developing methodological approaches and instrumentation in psychological research is critical since the variables and constructs in the field are diverse and must be assessed with appropriate instruments. Each instrument produced or altered must undergo content validation. The content validation method involves a readability test to determine whether the questions or items accurately represent the assessed constructs or variables.

Aim: This study aimed to illustrate the steps involved in content translation, adaptation, and validation of Mindful Attention Instruction Script (MAIS) as a novel behavior management technique during local anesthesia procedures in children 9-12 years old exhibiting dental fear and anxiety.

Methods: MAIS was subjected to various steps to assess its content validity which included, obtaining consensus from the panel of experts, back translation of the script by a subject matter expert, adaptation of the MAIS, preliminary pilot testing for the target group, and conducting content validation.

Results: MAIS achieved a satisfactory content validity score of 0.9 and interrater agreement of 0.8.

Conclusion: This study showed acceptable levels of validity in the Kannada and Hindi translated versions, illustrating a valid and reliable tool to be used for the evaluation of MAIS that applies to the Indian population.

Aim: To evaluate the color-retaining ability of three different esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry with the use of commonly consumed health drinks and beverages.

Materials and method: 180 discs were made using three different restorative materials with each group (Group A) GC Gold Label Type IX GIC, (Group B) Voco Ionolux RMGIC, and (Group C) Shofu Beautifil II GIOMER containing 60 discs per group. Four types of commonly consumed drinks were taken as immersion media, which included Complan Health Drink, Coca-Cola aerated beverage, Cavin's milkshake, and Bisleri mineral water (control). Each disc of restorative material were immersed in the staining solution of commonly consumed drinks at three different frequencies for 15 days. Color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer at pre-immersion and post-immersion levels.

Results: Change in color was evaluated and a comparison was done between the groups. There was a highly significant difference ( P < 0.005) in the color-retaining ability of Shofu Beautifil II GIOMER restorative material followed by GC Gold Label Type IX GIC and Voco Ionolux RMGIC against all immersion media.

Conclusion: The color-retaining ability of the esthetic restorative materials on immersion in various beverages and health drinks depends not only on different immersion media but also on different frequencies of consumption. Shofu Beautifil II GIOMER restorative material showed the most color retention.