Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Background: Periodontitis (PD) is linked to both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased risk of CVD is associated with lower serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted to assess the association of serum levels of nitric oxide and lipid profile components, as cardiometabolic risk factors, with PD in post-menopausal women with T2D (PMT2D).

Materials and methods: One hundred sixty PMT2D (80 with chronic PD and 80 without chronic PD) participated in this study. Chronic PD was diagnosed by the presence of ≥5 mm probing pocket depth (PPD) with ≥2 mm clinical attachment loss (CAL) affecting either greater than 30% of teeth or with no clear pattern of distribution. Serum levels of NO, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) were estimated.

Results: Mean serum level of NO in PMT2D with chronic PD was lower than in those without PD, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The mean levels of TC and TG were higher, and those of HDL-C were lower in PMT2D with PD than in those without PD; differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). There were significant negative correlations between NO levels and values of PPD and CAL and similarly were correlations of NO levels with TC and TG levels.

Conclusion: Periodontitis in PMT2D is associated with lower serum levels of NO and dyslipidemic changes that could be mediators of the increased risk of CVD in such patients.

Background: An investigation of current reproducibility trends of published dental research can offer invaluable insights concerning their clarity, comprehensiveness, and replicability.

Aim: To identify the presence of reproducibility crises in oral health research based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and to assess factors contributing to the lack of reproducibility.

Materials and methods: The content of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in leading dental journals was evaluated. Stratified random sampling was employed to select oral health journals based on the 2021 journal citation report (JCR) impact factor listing. Two researchers retrieved RCTs from the last two published issues of the selected journals and appraised them for reproducibility and associated factors.

Results: In the 32 issues of the 16 selected journals, researchers published a total of 68 RCTs. The mean Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDier) completion percentage score was 71.85 ± 14.94. Of 68 RCTs, 35 (51.5%) studies were reproducible, and 33 (48.5%) were not reproducible. Studies with a single type of intervention, cross-over designs, and statistically non-significant findings exhibited higher levels of reproducibility ( P < 0.05). Studies involving multiple types of interventions were found to be 9.09 (95% CI: 2.32-35.60) times more likely to be non-reproducible compared to studies with a single type of intervention (reference category).

Conclusion: Oral health RCTs lacked sufficient detailing, thereby decreasing their replicability.

Introduction: Incorporation of nanoparticles but to the polymers may improve the mechanical properties. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of nanoparticles reinforcement on mechanical properties of non-metallic clasp retained denture polycarbonate resin. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and the population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question was 'What is the effect of nanoparticles reinforcement on flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength, and surface hardness of polycarbonate resin?''.

Data sources: The published literatures were searched in Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct and ProQuest till 31 December 2024. Risk of bias analysis was done using Joanna Briggs Institute critical for non-randomized experimental studies and the meta-analysis was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. After applying the selection criteria, 22 in vitro studies were thoroughly assessed.

Selected studies: Published literature from eleven in-vitro studies were eligible for systematic review and three studies were eligible for meta-analysis.

Study inferences: There was an insignificant difference in surface hardness and significant difference found in flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength after nanoparticle reinforcement ( P = 0.24; MD: 1.75; 95% confidence interval -4.62-8.15; I2 = 100%, P < 0.00001), impact strength ( P = 0.06; MD: 2.22; 95% confidence interval -2.89-7.32; I2 = 99%, P < 0.00001), tensile strength ( P = 0.20; MD: 3.63; 95% confidence interval -8.85-16.11; I2 = 100%, P < 0.00001), surface roughness ( P = 0.27; MD: 1.22; 95% confidence interval -1.43-3.86; I2 = 0%, P > 0.0001).

Conclusion: The literature based evidenced showed that nanoparticle reinforcement showed changes in flexural strength, impact strength and tensile strength of polycarbonate resin.

Context: Bad breath has a prevalence of 30%, which is the main cause of visits to dentists. This study focused on the efficacy of tablets added with zinc on oral volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) versus placebo over two hours. It was planned in four parallel groups, a single-centre, single-blinded randomised-controlled trial.

Materials and methods: Eligible participants had to score VSC ≥75 parts per billion (ppb) at the basal measurement to enter. The three test tablets were different in weight and size (0.7g, 1g, 2.1g) but contained the same amount of zinc lactate (0.51 mg); the control tablet was 1 g without zinc. The OralChroma2 © device was utilised to evaluate VSC in the oral air. VSC were scored at baseline, after sucking one tablet, after 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours. Data were analysed with SPSS (version 22). Comparisons within the groups were performed using a paired T-test, and among the groups with an unpaired T-test.

Results: 120 subjects, 30 in each group, completed the trial. VSC reductions from baselines, at the end of tablet sucking, after 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours were statistically significant for the three test tablets. Comparisons between each test group and control group always showed a statistically significant difference for reductions; however, no statistical difference was reported among the test groups.

Conclusion: Tablets containing the same amount of zinc lactate can statistically significantly reduce the VSC immediately and for over 2 hours. Moreover, the reductions with the test tablets are significantly more than those with the control tablets over time.

Aim: The aim was to compare the gingival tissue response following placement of a light-cure dressing (Barricaid ® ) and a non-eugenol periodontal dressing (Coe-Pak™) after a periodontal flap procedure.

Materials and methods: A total of 14 patients with chronic generalised periodontitis requiring surgery in at least two different quadrants were enrolled for this split-mouth study. After periodontal flap surgery, Coe-Pak™ was placed in the quadrant assigned to Group I, and Barricaid ® was placed in the other quadrant assigned to Group II. Clinical parameters were recorded on day 7 and day 14. Patient comfort and pain levels were also evaluated by a questionnaire.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences in wound healing and the clinical gingival parameters between the two groups. The only significant difference was found in the plaque attached underneath the dressing, with Coe-Pak™ showing greater plaque accumulation than Barricaid ® . Seventy-five (75%) of the patients preferred Barricaid ® over Coe-Pak™, based on its appearance and taste. According to the oral and periodontal conditions, the predominant species isolated from plaque samples were followed by Gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative organisms were also found.

Conclusion: The non-eugenol dressing seemed to retain more plaque on its undersurface than the light-cure dressing. However, this did not have much influence on the healing outcome and clinical gingival parameters, which were optimal and comparable in both groups. The greater number of patients showed a preference for light-cure dressing, based on its superior aesthetics and taste.

Background: Dental caries continues to be among the most widespread diseases in the world. Pits and fissure sealants play a vital role in preventing dental caries.

Aims and objectives: To compare the retention of four different types of sealants (resin-based sealant, glass ionomer based sealant, resin-modified glass ionomer and polyacid-modified resin-based sealants) in the permanent first and second molars and premolars among children aged 6-14 years old, during the 18-month follow-up period.

Materials and methods: A double-blind randomized split-mouth trial was conducted among 20 children. Indicated teeth were selected in all the four quadrants. Computer-generated random allocation of either one of four sealants to the tooth was done. Evaluation was done at 6-month intervals for 18 months using modified Simonsen's criteria. Intergroup comparison of retention of sealants and reapplication percentage was analysed using Pearson's Chi-square test.

Results: A total of 140 teeth were sealed. At 6-month evaluation, resin-based sealants showed significantly maximum retention (90.0%) and least retention by glass ionomer sealants (6.1%). At 18-month follow-up, resin-based sealants (66.7%) showed significantly higher retention followed by polyacid-modified resin (33.3%), resin-modified glass ionomer (6.1%) and glass ionomer sealants (3.0%).

Conclusion: The retention rates of resin-based sealants were superior to that of other sealants at the end of 6 months and 18 months.

Abstract: The World Health Organization Global Oral Health Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, in November 2024 triggered positive perspectives among the dental profession actors and even stakeholders. In developing countries as Latin-America ones, the burden of non-communicable diseases remains high, and for this reason, the Bangkok Declaration might support the improvement of existing and new strategies to achieve a better oral health for current and future generations. The aim of this communication is to identify the needs, opportunities and feasibility to adopt the Bangkok Declaration in order to face oral public health challenges in developing countries.

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) and dentition status among adults in Hyderabad.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess and correlate OHL and dentition status among adult dental patients from the Outpatient Department of Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad. The survey tool consisted of four sections, which included demographic data, oral health behaviour, and 14-item Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) questionnaire and dentition status. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: The sample comprised 461 adults, among which 51.6% (238) were males and 48.4% (223) were females. The total mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score of the study population was 3.52 ± 1.6. Subjects consuming tobacco had a significantly higher mean DMFT (4.0 ± 1.8) ( P = 0.001) and missing teeth component scores (0.4 ± 0.0) ( P = 0.004). Subjects with high HeLD-14 scores had lower DMFT values; likewise, the number of decayed, missing teeth was also lower, whereas the filled component was higher on the other hand for individuals with lower HeLD-14 scores. Based on education level and socio-economic status, the total mean DMFT was higher for subjects with university degree (3.6 ± 1.6) and those who were belonging to middle class (4.7 ± 0.6) on the socio-economic scale.

Conclusion: In this study, older participants with a higher level of education having fair and poor oral hygiene had significantly higher odds of high OHL. In this study, low OHL levels directly affected the oral health status.

Background: Rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) files allow for faster preparation of root canals compared to hand files. Additionally, rotary NiTi files treated with silver ions are effective in eliminating pathogens and enhancing the biocompatibility of root canals. This data indicates that these materials could greatly reduce the likelihood of reinfection post-treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-microbial efficacy, cutting efficiency, canal shaping ability and cyclic fatigue of a nickel-titanium rotary file system coated with silver metal ions.

Materials and methods: Silver deposition was achieved using the electroplating technique. A sample of 10 mandibular first molars was weighed with a high-precision analytical balance prior to preparation. The weight differentials before and after preparation indicated debris loss, serving as a parameter for cutting efficiency. Microtomographic analyses were conducted to assess canal shaping ability. For cyclic fatigue assessment, the instruments were securely held without pressure in an acrylic block featuring a pre-formed canal and were monitored until fracture occurred.

Results: The utilisation of silver-ion-coated endodontic files resulted in a reduction of bacterial colony-forming units, enhanced cutting efficiency and preserved canal shaping ability compared to NiTi rotary files. The resistance to cyclic fatigue in silver-ion-coated NiTi files exceeded that of traditional NiTi files.

Conclusion: The integration of silver ions into NiTi rotary files confers inherent anti-microbial properties, as well as increased cutting efficiency and enhanced cyclic fatigue resistance.

Background: Although stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) have a high clinical success rate, a key reason for its clinical failure is loss of crown due to cementation failure. Therefore, the choice of cementation material has an important effect on SSC retention.

Aim: To evaluate the retention strength of SSCs luted on primary molars with glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and resin-based cement.

Materials and methods: A total of 45 freshly extracted human primary molars were prepared to receive SSCs and randomly divided into three equal groups, to receive the different luting cements: conventional glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer and resin luting cement. The teeth were then stored in artificial saliva for 24 h. The retentive strength of the crowns was determined using a specially designed Universal Testing Machine.

Statistical analysis: To compare the mean retentive strength between cements, ANOVA with post hoc test was applied.

Results: Mean retentive strength for GC GOLD Label 1 group was 230.30 ± 13.46; GC FujiCEM group was 194.78 ± 13.03; and 269.25 ± 11.28 for the GC G-CEM One group. A comparison of luting cement showed the retentive strength of GC G-CEM One cement significantly higher than the rest of the two cements ( P < 0.001). The retentive strength of GC GOLD Label 1 cement was significantly higher than GC FujiCEM cement ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Resin cement (GC G-CEM One) significantly improved crown retention when compared with RMGIC (GC FujiCem) and GIC (GC Gold label 1).