Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Background: Tooth extractions can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to transient bacteremia. Diabetic individuals are more susceptible due to impaired immunity, delayed healing, and reduced infection clearance. While systemic bacteremia is well-studied, localized bacteremia from the alveolar socket remains underexplored. This study compares post-extraction bacteremia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients to improve infection risk assessment and preventive care.

Objectives: 1. Compare alveolar socket bacteremia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. 2. Assess bacteremia prevalence and severity in both groups. 3. Evaluate the impact of diabetes on post-extraction bacteremia. 4. Identify predominant bacterial species and their clinical relevance. 5. Examine associations between bacteremia, glycemic control, healing response, and infection risk.

Materials and methods: Sixty patients (30 diabetics, 30 non-diabetics) aged 30-70 from low-to-medium socioeconomic backgrounds were studied. Males predominated among diabetics, females among non-diabetics. Post-extraction socket blood was collected, cultured on blood agar, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Bacterial identification was performed using microscopic examination and confirmatory assays.

Results: Statistical analysis ( p ≤ 0.05) showed diabetics had higher Streptococcus (56.6%), Enterococcus (26.6%), Klebsiella (3.3%), and Candida (3.3%), while non-diabetics had Enterococcus (40%), Streptococcus (30%), Moraxella (16.6%), and Escherichia coli (3.3%). Staphylococcus and Pneumococcus were exclusive to diabetics.

Conclusion: Localized bacteremia may indicate systemic health risks. Further research is needed to establish clinical correlations, refine treatment protocols, and improve early intervention strategies.

Objectives: C-shaped root canal morphology presents significant challenges in endodontic treatment due to its complex anatomy. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prevalence of C-shaped canal anatomy in mandibular second premolars and examined the influence of geographic variation on prevalence rates.

Materials and methods: The study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, systematically searching five electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included cross-sectional, prospective, and observational studies on C-shaped canal prevalence in adult mandibular second premolars.

Statistical analysis: A random-effects model in RStudio software was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of C-shaped canals.

Results: The pooled prevalence based on participants was 1.31% (CI: 0.68-2.53; I² = 90%; P < 0.01). Based on the number of teeth, the prevalence was 0.96% (CI: 0.46-2.00; I² = 93%; P < 0.01), also with high heterogeneity. Geographic analysis showed the highest prevalence in South America 5.83% (CI: 0.57-40.04; I² = 95%; P < 0.01) and the lowest in Australia 0.42% (CI: 0.31-0.93).

Conclusions: The study demonstrated variability in the prevalence of C-shaped canals, with a pooled estimate of 1.31% based on participant-level data and 0.96% based on tooth-level assessment. The substantial heterogeneity observed across studies highlights the morphological diversity of root canal systems. Geographic differences were observed, with the highest prevalence in South America and the lowest in Australia. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific diagnostic vigilance.

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the microscopic effects of low-magnitude high frequency on dental implant surfaces using MG-63 cells and vertical vibration loading.

Materials and methods: 24 dental implants wrapped with collagen membranes were placed in a 12-well plate filled with MG-63 cell culture. A vibration device was constructed using 3D printing technology and employed a vertical vibration system. Three vibration cycles were utilized, including frequencies of 30 Hz, 60 Hz, and 90 Hz. Each cycle had durations of 1, 5, and 10 min/h, with a total duration of 6 h. The control group underwent no vibrational loading. After 24 h, analysis was conducted using an inverted microscope and a spectrophotometer. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression was assessed using an ALP Kit.

Results: The study yielded highly significant results ( P < 0.001). cell activity was found to be highest with 30 Hz vibration loading compared to both 60 Hz and 90 Hz ( P < 0.001). Among the various durations tested, the 30 Hz vibration with a 5-min cycle per hour, totalling 6 h, exhibited the highest cell activity. Additionally, ALP expression was most pronounced with 30 Hz vibrational loading. The cells displayed a dark green appearance surrounded by a pale green extracellular matrix.

Conclusion: The highest cell activity and ALP expression were reported with the 30 Hz vibrational loading lasting 5 min/h, over a total duration of 6 h. However, a decline in cell activity was observed with both increased duration and frequency.

Context: Desensitizing agents are commonly used to minimize dentin hypersensitivity caused by tooth whitening procedures. The objective was to evaluate the evolution of enamel colour and porosity after home-use tooth whitening with and without a desensitizing agent.

Methods: Individual trays with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents were tested with and without prior use of a desensitizing agent. Whitening efficacy was evaluated by spectrophotometer, and the enamel surface alteration was examined by scanning electron microscope. The one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to assess differences in the colour variations among the groups, independently for the middle third, cervical third, and grouped thirds. The paired t-test was used to assess the differences in colour variation between the middle third and the cervical third, independently for each of the groups.

Results: The analysis of colour variation (ΔE) showed that there was no statistical difference among the groups with or without application of a desensitizer (P > 0.05). The change in enamel morphology was proportional to the concentration of the bleaching agent. The microscopy images obtained from the groups using a desensitizer prior to the bleaching agent were similar to those of the groups in which the bleaching agent was used alone.

Conclusions: The association of home bleaching agents with a desensitizing agent did not influence the final result of the bleaching procedure.

Rationale: Ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic condition characterised by atypical development of organs derived from the embryonic ectoderm, such as teeth, nails, hair and sweat glands.

Clinical signs: The most prevalent oral manifestation is hypodontia, which involves the absence of some or all primary and permanent teeth. Consequently, individuals with this condition often require dental prosthetic interventions during their formative years.

Patient concerns: This report discusses the oral rehabilitation of a 2-year-old child affected by ectodermal dysplasia with oligodontia using a modified Groper's appliance.

Takeaway lessons: The treatment had significant effects on self-esteem, mastication, speech and facial aesthetics.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) stands out as one of the prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the oral cavity, with its aetiology linked to immune-mediated processes. Macrophages play a pivotal role in orchestrating immunological responses within the oral environment. While existing literature suggests significant involvement of macrophages in the progression and persistence of OLP, insights into their specific phenotype expression remain limited.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the expression of M1 and M2 macrophages in reticular and erosive OLP using CD64 and CD163.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 15 clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OLP, along with 15 cases of normal oral mucosa. Densities of CD64 + M1 and CD163 + M2 macrophages were assessed in the epithelial and sub-epithelial areas.

Results: A significant correlation between macrophage sub-populations in OLP was observed ( P < 0.001). Within OLP, higher densities of CD64 + M1 and CD163 + M2 macrophages were detected in sub-epithelial areas. Notably, M1 macrophage predominated over M2 macrophage sub-populations in OLP, potentially implicating them in the immunopathogenesis.

Conclusions: These findings hold importance for future investigations targeting therapeutic interventions for OLP.

Abstract: Skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents can be effectively managed using the combination of maxillary skeletal expander (MSE) and facemask (FM). An adolescent presented concerns about her lower front teeth positioned ahead of the upper front teeth, difficulty closing the lips, and dissatisfaction with the facial appearance. The patient exhibited a skeletal Class III profile, reverse overjet, a 2 mm overbite, concave facial profile, midface retrusion, mandibular prognathism, chin deviation to the right, and increased lower facial height (LFH). Management involved the use of MSE and protraction FM. After 11 months, maxillary skeletal expansion, midface augmentation, restriction of mandibular prognathism, and stable LFH were observed. Results remained stable at the 1-year follow-up. This approach effectively manages moderate skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents by promoting midface augmentation and limiting further mandibular growth, potentially eliminating the need for orthognathic surgery.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), one of the components of the human masticatory system, works in tandem with the muscles of mastication and a complex neurological network to aid efficient chewing, speech and deglutition. Therefore, knowledge of its constituent parts, like the condyle and articular eminence morphology, and its change with age or orthodontic intervention is of great significance to orthodontists for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Aim: To assess and compare the condylar axis angulation, articular eminence height (AEh) and inclination (AEI) between individuals with average, horizontal and vertical growth patterns.

Materials and methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records of 126 individuals were categorized into three groups based on their Jaraback's ratio as measured by lateral cephalometric view derived from CBCT. Groups 1, 2 and 3 comprised individuals with average, horizontal and vertical facial skeletal patterns, respectively. The Planmeca Romexis viewer software was used to assess variables in the multi-planar reformation view of CBCT in the sagittal plane.

Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were calculated as mean and standard deviation. Comparison between the groups was performed using analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. An independent sample t -test was carried out to compare between genders. The level of significance was 5% ( P < 0.05).

Results: Significant differences were found in condylar angulation, AEh and AEI in individuals with different skeletal patterns. Within males and females of each group, no statistical difference was seen in the study variables except for AEI and AEh in the horizontal facial pattern group.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries using pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, and abscess (PUFA) index in 3-to 6-year-old children.

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The sample of the study population consisted of 113 selected children who live in a low-income district of Perú. Dental Caries status was assessed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the PUFA index was used to assess the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. The normality test was applied to the numerical variables, and no normal distribution was found. Therefore, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to determine the association between the PUFA index and the sex and age of the children. A Chi-square test was also employed to assess the association between the PUFA index and dental caries. Statistical significance was inferred at P < 0.05.

Results: The prevalence of caries was 70% and the prevalence of PUFA was 21%; The PUFA prevalence of the 5-year-old children was 8.75%, the 4-year-old and 6-year-old children had a 5.25%, and the 3-year-old group, 1.75%. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of PUFA and the age group ( P = 0.6). The general PUFA index was 0.03 ± 0.07. No statistically significant association was found between the prevalence of caries ( P = 0.552) and the PUFA index ( P = 0.699). No significant association was found between the PUFA index and the gender of the children ( P = 0.203).

Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries and clinical consequences of untreated dental caries using PUFA in this study was high, however no association was found between them. Within the PUFA index, the pulpitis component had a greater presence, negatively affecting oral health, which will affect the different areas of the child's life.