Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the precision of wax patterns fabricated using traditional handmade techniques versus advanced Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, focusing on key dimensional parameters relevant to prosthetic accuracy.

Materials and methods: A total of 12 wax patterns were prepared, with six using traditional handmade methods and six using CAD/CAM technology using 3 Shape software on an extracted mandibular molar crown preparation. The nano-CT was used for the scanning the samples. The patterns were assessed for buccal thickness, buccal cement gap, occlusal thickness, occlusal cement gap, functional cusp thickness, and functional cusp cement gap using high-resolution imaging techniques. Data normality was tested and was statistically analysed.

Results: CAD/CAM-fabricated wax patterns exhibited statistically significant improvements in precision for several key parameters. Specifically, the mean occlusal thickness of CAD/CAM patterns (26 ± 2 mm) was notably reduced compared to handmade patterns (72 ± 5 mm, P < 0.01). Additionally, CAD/CAM patterns demonstrated a more consistent buccal thickness (24 ± 3 mm) compared to handmade patterns (33 ± 4 mm, P < 0.01). Cement gap measurements were comparable between both methods, indicating that fit quality is maintained across fabrication techniques.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that CAD/CAM technology offers superior precision in wax pattern fabrication compared to traditional methods, with significant reductions in dimensional variability.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of access cavity prepared through guide rail that was planned and produced by combining the optical surface scans and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images.

Methods: Forty-two extracted single rooted mandibular premolar teeth were selected. The teeth were mounted in three acrylic models, containing 14 in each model. Preoperative CBCT scans and three dimensional (3D) optical surface scans were taken for the models. A virtual drill path was planned in dentine with a help of software and access cavities were prepared according to that. Difference in mean distance and angular deviation were measured and calculated.

Results: Root canal access cavities prepared through the guide rail showed the mean angle difference of 1.69 ± 0.41° and the difference in distance between drill path and target point in the access cavity that was planned and prepared was found to be 0.74 ± 0.25 mm. Compared to the planned access cavities, the root canal access cavities produced using the guide rail had substantially smaller differences in both distance and angle deviations.

Conclusion: With the emergence of advancements like optical scans and CBCT Guided endodontics could be used as an alternative method to negotiate root canals in pulp obliterated teeth.

Abstract: Vascular neoplasms are a complex group of tumours, which can be benign, malignant, or reactive. Haemangioendothelioma is a vascular neoplasm of intermediate grade which is a borderline neoplasm. We present a case of 67-year-old male with a swelling in the left lower jaw of 1 year duration. Based on clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of haemangioendothelioma was made. The various vascular neoplasms with emphasis on haemangioendothelioma are discussed in detail.

Background: Chronic periodontitis affects 10-15% of adults, worsened by diabetes. Effective therapy reduces inflammation and bacteria, with laser therapy emerging as a promising non-surgical adjunct or standalone option. This study systematically reviews clinical papers on various lasers (low-level laser therapy [LLLT], diode, Er:YAG/Er, Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAG) as adjuncts in periodontal flap microsurgery for patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2), assessing their effects on periodontal health, glycaemic control, and safety.

Methodology: The study protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO. A search strategy was conducted across multiple databases; 13 studies were included in this systematic review. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of bias tool 2.0 (RoB 2), and RevMan 5.4 and STATA 18 software were used for quantitative assessment of the selected studies. Results : Out of the 13 studies selected, only one study showed a high risk of bias, while the other 12 showed moderate risk. In the quantitative assessment, I 2 = 77% for Plaque Index (PI) values, I 2 = 83% for Gingival Index (GI), I 2 = 84% for bleeding on probing (BOP), I 2 = 86% for clinical attachment level (CAL), and I 2 = 92% for pocket probing depth (PPD).

Conclusion: Laser adjuncts, particularly Er:YAG and LLLT/diode, enhance periodontal treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, improving clinical outcomes and inflammation. Nd:YAG lasers aid healing and inflammation regulation, but benefits are often limited, and long-term effects are unclear. Comprehensive, large-scale trials are needed to shape clinical guidelines. Clinicians should consider laser adjuncts for complex cases, balancing benefits with costs and patient needs.

Abstract: Implant planning in the premaxilla, or anterior maxilla, is challenging due to aesthetic demands and potential anatomic issues. Planning based on ridge anatomy leads to labially/buccally opening abutment channels, compromising aesthetics. Successful outcomes rely on restorative-driven planning that considers the lip drape, available soft tissue and bone quality to guide implant positioning and size. This case report describes the management of such compromised aesthetics with a prosthesis comprising screw retained framework and cementable overlay restorations.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most prevalent mucocutaneous immunological disorders affecting females. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is an association of serum estradiol levels with the occurrence of OLP in postmenopausal women and also to correlate the estradiol levels with the clinical types of OLP.

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study on patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically as OLP ( n = 50) and the controls consisted of 50 postmenopausal women randomly selected with clinically normal oral mucosa. The serum estradiol was estimated for both groups. Student's t -test was used to compare the quantitative variables.

Results: Serum estradiol of OLP patients was 13.45 ± 7.96, remarkably less than the controls, 19.49 ± 6.59 ( P ≤ 0.01). Also, estradiol was seen to decline with the severity of OLP with reticular type (15.5 pg/mL) than erosive (11.1 pg/mL) and bullous (12 pg/mL). Both the patients and controls showed a decline in levels of estradiol with the increase in the period of last menstruation. Increased prevalence of OLP in patients who underwent hysterectomy and oophorectomy than in the controls ( P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Serum estradiol in postmenopausal patients with OLP declined with increased severity of OLP type.

Aims: The aim was to comparatively evaluate the ability of Ledemix and non-setting calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments to reduce postoperative pain in teeth undergoing root canal treatment (RCT).

Materials and methods: A single-blinded, randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted at Ajman University College of Dentistry, involving 59 patients requiring RCT on maxillary and mandibular first molars. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1 received Ledermix paste, while Group 2 received non-setting calcium hydroxide paste. Treatments were performed by supervised fifth-year dental students using standardised aseptic techniques. Local anesthesia was administered, and rubber dam isolation was ensured. After access cavity preparation, root canals were instrumented using WaveOne Gold Files with sodium hypochlorite irrigation. The assigned intracanal medicament was placed, and the cavity was sealed with a temporary restoration. Pain levels were assessed preoperatively and at 4 h and 4 days postoperatively using a visual analogue scale by a blinded investigator. Clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, smoking status, medical history, and pulpal/periapical diagnoses, were recorded.

Results: Data were analysed using SPSS 28.0. T-tests were used to compare pain levels between groups, with significance set at P < 0.05. The average pain score decreased significantly from 3.95 ± 0.52 preoperatively to 1.47 ± 0.30 at 4 h and 0.42 ± 0.18 at 4 days postoperatively ( P = 0.001). Ledermix was associated with greater pain reduction at 4 h ( P = 0.004), no significant differences between groups were observed at 4 days ( P = 0.665).

Conclusion: Both medicaments effectively reduced pain, with Ledermix offering superior early relief.

Introduction: The remineralization potential of three recent remineralizing agents on white spot lesions ( WSLs ) was compared and evaluated using the Vicker's microhardness testing machine. This short study aims to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of recently introduced remineralizing agents like Curodont Protect gel, GC Tooth Mousse Plus, and Dente 91 on the surface hardness of WSLs in human teeth.

Methods and materials: Thirty single-rooted human premolars (BBDCODS/IEC/09 / 2022), extracted due to periodontal or orthodontic reasons, were chosen for this study. The teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction level. Samples were then mounted in auto-polymerization acrylic resin. All the groups were subjected to a demineralization process to induce WSLs. A post-demineralization Vicker hardness test was performed, followed by random allocation to the three groups. The three groups were namely self-assembling peptide (P11-4), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and nanohydroxyapatite. A post-remineralization Vickers hardness test was conducted to evaluate the remineralization potential of the tested agents.

Result: An analysis of variance was performed to determine the significant difference in Vickers microhardness. Self-assembling peptide (P11-4) showed the highest microhardness value.

Conclusion: Self-assembling peptide (Curodont Protect gel) was more efficient than nanohydroxyapatite (Dente-91) and CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse Plus) for the prevention of WSLs.

Aim: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental biomaterial that is used for various endodontic treatments. However, the major limitation of MTA is its hardness and retrievability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of various chemicals on micro-hardness of MTA.

Materials and methods: 200 hollow cylindrical stainless-steel molds of specified dimensions (5 mm height and 5 mm internal diameter) were made. MTA was mixed homogeneously and condensed into the molds. After the setting, MTA was exposed to three experimental groups, Group 1: back-set, Group 2: carbonic acid, and Group 3: citric acid at 1, 3, and 5 minute exposure at the end of Day 1 and 21. Then the samples were evaluated exposed to Vickers micro-hardness testing. The data were evaluated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc with P = 0.05 were used to perform multiple comparison tests.

Results: On day 1, the reduction in micro-hardness was greater in back-set when compared with carbonic acid and citric acid. At the end of Day 21, the highest mean surface micro-hardness reduction was seen with back-set at 5 min, 3 min, and 1 min intervals, respectively. However, there was no significant difference noted between the citric and carbonic acids at 1 and 3 minutes.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that back-set was found to be the most effective in reducing the micro-hardness of MTA when compared to citric and carbonic acid.