Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is associated with habitual use of areca nut. Several nonsurgical interventions for OSF have been used, with increasing predilection to try plant-based products. The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of nutraceutical products (NPs) and other classes of nonsurgical interventions in OSF management using the network meta-analysis (NMA) approach. After registering with PROSPERO, the present study systematically searched for relevant studies in databases. PICO framework was used to identify studies relevant to evaluate the effectiveness of NPs and other classes of interventions. Standard NMA tools were used to assess the quality of the included studies and perform analysis. A total of 51 studies were included for final analysis with 53 trials. The primary outcome of identified studies was the mean difference (MD) in mouth opening (MO) expressed as mean (95% confidence interval). There were 16 interventions including placebo involving 3850 patients. The highest MD is 10.14 (4.38-15.89) with steroids with/without spreading factor (SSF) with ultrasonography (USG), followed by 9.87 (2.96-16.78) with SSF and NP-systemic and USG application, while the least is 1.43 (-4.31 to 7.18) SSF (8.04%). The probability of placebo being the most effective intervention in MO is the highest (93.91%), followed by exercise (81.50%), as evidenced by Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) and litmus rank-o-gram. This NMA results, within its limitation, showed that several NP outcomes are statistically superior to placebo in improving the MO, but as a class of drugs, none of the classes exhibited supremacy over others, especially to placebo. The result of this NMA indicates that none of classes of non-surgical treatment, especially NPs, have no distinct advantage in mitigation MO in OSF treatment.

Introduction: Universities have been providing dental education to dental students through their affiliated dental colleges in India. Currently, there are several literature available pertaining to the academic performance of dental students in various universities. But unfortunately, there has been no literature available pertaining to the knowledge of dental students about the various facilities available, functioning of the university, research funding opportunities, etc., in universities across the globe. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge about Kerala University of Health Sciences (KUHS) among undergraduate dental students in Kerala.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among undergraduate dental students of 26 dental colleges in Kerala. A total of 526 students participated in the study. A closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to first-year, second-year, third-year and final-year students and interns through Google Forms. The data were computed and analysed.

Results: Among the study participants, 90.5% of the participants knew that KUHS is a state government university. The study showed that only 52.5% of the study participants knew that the Chancellor is the head of KUHS. The present study revealed that 29.7% of the study participants did not know that there is an online question bank in the KUHS website.

Conclusion: This study shows that the majority of the students (81.7%) displayed fair knowledge about Kerala University of Health Sciences. Knowledge about the university will enable students to effectively utilize its resources for their benefit and career advancement.

Background: Periodontitis (PD) is linked to both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased risk of CVD is associated with lower serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted to assess the association of serum levels of nitric oxide and lipid profile components, as cardiometabolic risk factors, with PD in post-menopausal women with T2D (PMT2D).

Materials and methods: One hundred sixty PMT2D (80 with chronic PD and 80 without chronic PD) participated in this study. Chronic PD was diagnosed by the presence of ≥5 mm probing pocket depth (PPD) with ≥2 mm clinical attachment loss (CAL) affecting either greater than 30% of teeth or with no clear pattern of distribution. Serum levels of NO, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) were estimated.

Results: Mean serum level of NO in PMT2D with chronic PD was lower than in those without PD, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The mean levels of TC and TG were higher, and those of HDL-C were lower in PMT2D with PD than in those without PD; differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). There were significant negative correlations between NO levels and values of PPD and CAL and similarly were correlations of NO levels with TC and TG levels.

Conclusion: Periodontitis in PMT2D is associated with lower serum levels of NO and dyslipidemic changes that could be mediators of the increased risk of CVD in such patients.

Background: An investigation of current reproducibility trends of published dental research can offer invaluable insights concerning their clarity, comprehensiveness, and replicability.

Aim: To identify the presence of reproducibility crises in oral health research based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and to assess factors contributing to the lack of reproducibility.

Materials and methods: The content of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in leading dental journals was evaluated. Stratified random sampling was employed to select oral health journals based on the 2021 journal citation report (JCR) impact factor listing. Two researchers retrieved RCTs from the last two published issues of the selected journals and appraised them for reproducibility and associated factors.

Results: In the 32 issues of the 16 selected journals, researchers published a total of 68 RCTs. The mean Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDier) completion percentage score was 71.85 ± 14.94. Of 68 RCTs, 35 (51.5%) studies were reproducible, and 33 (48.5%) were not reproducible. Studies with a single type of intervention, cross-over designs, and statistically non-significant findings exhibited higher levels of reproducibility ( P < 0.05). Studies involving multiple types of interventions were found to be 9.09 (95% CI: 2.32-35.60) times more likely to be non-reproducible compared to studies with a single type of intervention (reference category).

Conclusion: Oral health RCTs lacked sufficient detailing, thereby decreasing their replicability.

Introduction: Incorporation of nanoparticles but to the polymers may improve the mechanical properties. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of nanoparticles reinforcement on mechanical properties of non-metallic clasp retained denture polycarbonate resin. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and the population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question was 'What is the effect of nanoparticles reinforcement on flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength, and surface hardness of polycarbonate resin?''.

Data sources: The published literatures were searched in Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct and ProQuest till 31 December 2024. Risk of bias analysis was done using Joanna Briggs Institute critical for non-randomized experimental studies and the meta-analysis was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. After applying the selection criteria, 22 in vitro studies were thoroughly assessed.

Selected studies: Published literature from eleven in-vitro studies were eligible for systematic review and three studies were eligible for meta-analysis.

Study inferences: There was an insignificant difference in surface hardness and significant difference found in flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength after nanoparticle reinforcement ( P = 0.24; MD: 1.75; 95% confidence interval -4.62-8.15; I2 = 100%, P < 0.00001), impact strength ( P = 0.06; MD: 2.22; 95% confidence interval -2.89-7.32; I2 = 99%, P < 0.00001), tensile strength ( P = 0.20; MD: 3.63; 95% confidence interval -8.85-16.11; I2 = 100%, P < 0.00001), surface roughness ( P = 0.27; MD: 1.22; 95% confidence interval -1.43-3.86; I2 = 0%, P > 0.0001).

Conclusion: The literature based evidenced showed that nanoparticle reinforcement showed changes in flexural strength, impact strength and tensile strength of polycarbonate resin.

Context: Bad breath has a prevalence of 30%, which is the main cause of visits to dentists. This study focused on the efficacy of tablets added with zinc on oral volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) versus placebo over two hours. It was planned in four parallel groups, a single-centre, single-blinded randomised-controlled trial.

Materials and methods: Eligible participants had to score VSC ≥75 parts per billion (ppb) at the basal measurement to enter. The three test tablets were different in weight and size (0.7g, 1g, 2.1g) but contained the same amount of zinc lactate (0.51 mg); the control tablet was 1 g without zinc. The OralChroma2 © device was utilised to evaluate VSC in the oral air. VSC were scored at baseline, after sucking one tablet, after 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours. Data were analysed with SPSS (version 22). Comparisons within the groups were performed using a paired T-test, and among the groups with an unpaired T-test.

Results: 120 subjects, 30 in each group, completed the trial. VSC reductions from baselines, at the end of tablet sucking, after 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours were statistically significant for the three test tablets. Comparisons between each test group and control group always showed a statistically significant difference for reductions; however, no statistical difference was reported among the test groups.

Conclusion: Tablets containing the same amount of zinc lactate can statistically significantly reduce the VSC immediately and for over 2 hours. Moreover, the reductions with the test tablets are significantly more than those with the control tablets over time.

Aim: The aim was to compare the gingival tissue response following placement of a light-cure dressing (Barricaid ® ) and a non-eugenol periodontal dressing (Coe-Pak™) after a periodontal flap procedure.

Materials and methods: A total of 14 patients with chronic generalised periodontitis requiring surgery in at least two different quadrants were enrolled for this split-mouth study. After periodontal flap surgery, Coe-Pak™ was placed in the quadrant assigned to Group I, and Barricaid ® was placed in the other quadrant assigned to Group II. Clinical parameters were recorded on day 7 and day 14. Patient comfort and pain levels were also evaluated by a questionnaire.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences in wound healing and the clinical gingival parameters between the two groups. The only significant difference was found in the plaque attached underneath the dressing, with Coe-Pak™ showing greater plaque accumulation than Barricaid ® . Seventy-five (75%) of the patients preferred Barricaid ® over Coe-Pak™, based on its appearance and taste. According to the oral and periodontal conditions, the predominant species isolated from plaque samples were followed by Gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative organisms were also found.

Conclusion: The non-eugenol dressing seemed to retain more plaque on its undersurface than the light-cure dressing. However, this did not have much influence on the healing outcome and clinical gingival parameters, which were optimal and comparable in both groups. The greater number of patients showed a preference for light-cure dressing, based on its superior aesthetics and taste.

Background: Dental caries continues to be among the most widespread diseases in the world. Pits and fissure sealants play a vital role in preventing dental caries.

Aims and objectives: To compare the retention of four different types of sealants (resin-based sealant, glass ionomer based sealant, resin-modified glass ionomer and polyacid-modified resin-based sealants) in the permanent first and second molars and premolars among children aged 6-14 years old, during the 18-month follow-up period.

Materials and methods: A double-blind randomized split-mouth trial was conducted among 20 children. Indicated teeth were selected in all the four quadrants. Computer-generated random allocation of either one of four sealants to the tooth was done. Evaluation was done at 6-month intervals for 18 months using modified Simonsen's criteria. Intergroup comparison of retention of sealants and reapplication percentage was analysed using Pearson's Chi-square test.

Results: A total of 140 teeth were sealed. At 6-month evaluation, resin-based sealants showed significantly maximum retention (90.0%) and least retention by glass ionomer sealants (6.1%). At 18-month follow-up, resin-based sealants (66.7%) showed significantly higher retention followed by polyacid-modified resin (33.3%), resin-modified glass ionomer (6.1%) and glass ionomer sealants (3.0%).

Conclusion: The retention rates of resin-based sealants were superior to that of other sealants at the end of 6 months and 18 months.

Abstract: The World Health Organization Global Oral Health Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, in November 2024 triggered positive perspectives among the dental profession actors and even stakeholders. In developing countries as Latin-America ones, the burden of non-communicable diseases remains high, and for this reason, the Bangkok Declaration might support the improvement of existing and new strategies to achieve a better oral health for current and future generations. The aim of this communication is to identify the needs, opportunities and feasibility to adopt the Bangkok Declaration in order to face oral public health challenges in developing countries.

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) and dentition status among adults in Hyderabad.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess and correlate OHL and dentition status among adult dental patients from the Outpatient Department of Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad. The survey tool consisted of four sections, which included demographic data, oral health behaviour, and 14-item Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) questionnaire and dentition status. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: The sample comprised 461 adults, among which 51.6% (238) were males and 48.4% (223) were females. The total mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score of the study population was 3.52 ± 1.6. Subjects consuming tobacco had a significantly higher mean DMFT (4.0 ± 1.8) ( P = 0.001) and missing teeth component scores (0.4 ± 0.0) ( P = 0.004). Subjects with high HeLD-14 scores had lower DMFT values; likewise, the number of decayed, missing teeth was also lower, whereas the filled component was higher on the other hand for individuals with lower HeLD-14 scores. Based on education level and socio-economic status, the total mean DMFT was higher for subjects with university degree (3.6 ± 1.6) and those who were belonging to middle class (4.7 ± 0.6) on the socio-economic scale.

Conclusion: In this study, older participants with a higher level of education having fair and poor oral hygiene had significantly higher odds of high OHL. In this study, low OHL levels directly affected the oral health status.