Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Context: Different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and cetrimide have varied effects on the mechanical properties of endodontically treated teeth.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of root dentin after exposure to different endodontic irrigating solutions.

Methods and materials: A novel endodontic irrigant was formulated by mixing freshly prepared 3% NaOCl with 1% hyaluronic acid gel in a 3:1 ratio. Forty-eight root dentin beams (12 × 2 × 1 mm) and 24 mid-root dentin discs were obtained from freshly extracted maxillary canines. The dentin beams and discs were divided into six groups ( n = 8, n = 4, respectively) and exposed to irrigating solutions: Group 1: 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, Group 2: 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA with 0.2% cetrimide, Group 3: 3% NaOCl and17% EDTA, Group 4: 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA with 0.2% cetrimide, Group 5: 0.9% normal saline and Group 6: 3% NaOCl with 1% hyaluronic acid and 17% EDTA. Next, they were subjected to flexural tests. The Knoop Microhardness test was performed on the dentin discs before and after exposure to the irrigant. One-way ANOVA, paired t -test, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc test were used to analyse the results at P < 0.05.

Results: All experimental groups exhibited reduced flexural strength compared with normal saline (group 5). Group 2 had a significantly reduced flexural strength, with a mean value of 106.43 MPa, compared with Group 5 ( P = 0.018).

Conclusions: Root dentin exposed to the novel endodontic irrigant had similar flexural strength and microhardness as root dentin exposed to other irrigants.

Introduction: Menopause affects the oral cavity along with various hormonal changes; for example, the level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increases, whereas the level of estrogen and progesterone decreases. High bone turnover in post-menopausal women is primarily caused due to the increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Thus, finding an association between FSH, ALP, and chronic periodontitis is essential, which will aid in early diagnosis and treatment planning.

Materials and methods: Sixty post-menopausal females in the age group of 45-57 years visiting the Department of Periodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, were selected. The subjects were assigned in each group based on the periodontal parameters; that is, group I consisted of 30 post-menopausal females without chronic periodontitis and group II consisted of 30 post-menopausal females with chronic periodontitis. Serum FSH and ALP levels were evaluated, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results: The result showed that age did not differ significantly between groups I and II. Although serum FSH levels were high for both groups I and II, it was however not statistically significant. Serum ALP levels were significantly raised in both the groups and were statistically significant (P = 0.001). The periodontal parameters like gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss were recorded.

Conclusion: A causal relationship between FSH and periodontitis could not be established. However, ALP is shown to be increased in post-menopausal women with chronic periodontitis. ALP is an intracellular enzyme produced by many cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and white blood cells. When periodontal tissue is destroyed, secretion of this enzyme actively increases and hence can be related with disease severity. Thus, it could be used as a reliable diagnostic marker for periodontal disease in post-menopausal women.

Background: Marginal adaptation plays a critical role in the clinical success of ceramic inlays, and several factors, including the type and composition of luting cement, can influence the marginal fit and overall integrity of restorations.

Aim of the study: This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying composite luting cement compositions on the marginal adaptation of Cerec inlays.

Materials and methods: A total of 40 healthy maxillary first premolars were used, divided into three groups according to the type of cement: Group A (3M U200), Group B (BISCEM), and Group C (Riva GIC), with eight teeth in each group. The null hypothesis stated that the type of cement would not affect the marginal adaptation of the ceramic systems.

Results: One-way ANOVA analysis (F = 104.577; P = 0.000) revealed that the vertical marginal discrepancy (VMD) was significantly influenced by the type of cement and the phases of manufacturing and cementation. Group B (BISCEM) showed the lowest mean marginal discrepancy at 81.69875 μm. All tested groups exhibited VMD values within clinically acceptable ranges. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to analyse the influence of cement space thickness on crown retention and to determine statistically significant differences between the groups.

Conclusion: The type of luting cement significantly affects vertical marginal adaptation due to differences in viscosity, film thickness, and interaction with water, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate cement materials to ensure optimal marginal fit of ceramic restorations.

Background and objectives: Dental intrusion often constitutes an integral part of orthodontic treatment in order to improve sagittal and vertical incisor relationships and consequently, the gingival line, and restore the aesthetics of smiling. The use of mini-implants as skeletal anchorage has seen a dramatic compliance from patients, who would otherwise have not preferred to undergo a surgical option. A prospective clinical study was conducted to evaluate the dental, skeletal and soft tissue effects of intrusion and retraction of maxillary anterior teeth using three mini-implants.

Methods and material: Twenty-two patients seeking orthodontic treatment requiring intrusion and retraction of maxillary anterior teeth as part of treatment were selected as study samples. After initial levelling and alignment, mini-implants were placed into the alveolar bone between the roots of the maxillary first molar and second premolar on either side and one into the alveolar bone between the roots of the maxillary central incisors. A total of 22 parameters were evaluated from the lateral cephalograms, taken before initiation of retraction and intrusion and immediately after complete space closure and intrusion.

Statistical analysis: A paired t -test was used to compare the changes.

Results and conclusion: Mini-implants provide absolute anchorage in both horizontal and vertical planes, bringing about significant dental, skeletal and soft tissue changes, and absolute intrusion and retraction of maxillary anterior teeth can be achieved without significant changes in incisor angulation.

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is associated with habitual use of areca nut. Several nonsurgical interventions for OSF have been used, with increasing predilection to try plant-based products. The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of nutraceutical products (NPs) and other classes of nonsurgical interventions in OSF management using the network meta-analysis (NMA) approach. After registering with PROSPERO, the present study systematically searched for relevant studies in databases. PICO framework was used to identify studies relevant to evaluate the effectiveness of NPs and other classes of interventions. Standard NMA tools were used to assess the quality of the included studies and perform analysis. A total of 51 studies were included for final analysis with 53 trials. The primary outcome of identified studies was the mean difference (MD) in mouth opening (MO) expressed as mean (95% confidence interval). There were 16 interventions including placebo involving 3850 patients. The highest MD is 10.14 (4.38-15.89) with steroids with/without spreading factor (SSF) with ultrasonography (USG), followed by 9.87 (2.96-16.78) with SSF and NP-systemic and USG application, while the least is 1.43 (-4.31 to 7.18) SSF (8.04%). The probability of placebo being the most effective intervention in MO is the highest (93.91%), followed by exercise (81.50%), as evidenced by Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) and litmus rank-o-gram. This NMA results, within its limitation, showed that several NP outcomes are statistically superior to placebo in improving the MO, but as a class of drugs, none of the classes exhibited supremacy over others, especially to placebo. The result of this NMA indicates that none of classes of non-surgical treatment, especially NPs, have no distinct advantage in mitigation MO in OSF treatment.

Introduction: Universities have been providing dental education to dental students through their affiliated dental colleges in India. Currently, there are several literature available pertaining to the academic performance of dental students in various universities. But unfortunately, there has been no literature available pertaining to the knowledge of dental students about the various facilities available, functioning of the university, research funding opportunities, etc., in universities across the globe. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge about Kerala University of Health Sciences (KUHS) among undergraduate dental students in Kerala.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among undergraduate dental students of 26 dental colleges in Kerala. A total of 526 students participated in the study. A closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to first-year, second-year, third-year and final-year students and interns through Google Forms. The data were computed and analysed.

Results: Among the study participants, 90.5% of the participants knew that KUHS is a state government university. The study showed that only 52.5% of the study participants knew that the Chancellor is the head of KUHS. The present study revealed that 29.7% of the study participants did not know that there is an online question bank in the KUHS website.

Conclusion: This study shows that the majority of the students (81.7%) displayed fair knowledge about Kerala University of Health Sciences. Knowledge about the university will enable students to effectively utilize its resources for their benefit and career advancement.

Background: Periodontitis (PD) is linked to both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased risk of CVD is associated with lower serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted to assess the association of serum levels of nitric oxide and lipid profile components, as cardiometabolic risk factors, with PD in post-menopausal women with T2D (PMT2D).

Materials and methods: One hundred sixty PMT2D (80 with chronic PD and 80 without chronic PD) participated in this study. Chronic PD was diagnosed by the presence of ≥5 mm probing pocket depth (PPD) with ≥2 mm clinical attachment loss (CAL) affecting either greater than 30% of teeth or with no clear pattern of distribution. Serum levels of NO, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) were estimated.

Results: Mean serum level of NO in PMT2D with chronic PD was lower than in those without PD, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The mean levels of TC and TG were higher, and those of HDL-C were lower in PMT2D with PD than in those without PD; differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). There were significant negative correlations between NO levels and values of PPD and CAL and similarly were correlations of NO levels with TC and TG levels.

Conclusion: Periodontitis in PMT2D is associated with lower serum levels of NO and dyslipidemic changes that could be mediators of the increased risk of CVD in such patients.

Background: An investigation of current reproducibility trends of published dental research can offer invaluable insights concerning their clarity, comprehensiveness, and replicability.

Aim: To identify the presence of reproducibility crises in oral health research based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and to assess factors contributing to the lack of reproducibility.

Materials and methods: The content of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in leading dental journals was evaluated. Stratified random sampling was employed to select oral health journals based on the 2021 journal citation report (JCR) impact factor listing. Two researchers retrieved RCTs from the last two published issues of the selected journals and appraised them for reproducibility and associated factors.

Results: In the 32 issues of the 16 selected journals, researchers published a total of 68 RCTs. The mean Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDier) completion percentage score was 71.85 ± 14.94. Of 68 RCTs, 35 (51.5%) studies were reproducible, and 33 (48.5%) were not reproducible. Studies with a single type of intervention, cross-over designs, and statistically non-significant findings exhibited higher levels of reproducibility ( P < 0.05). Studies involving multiple types of interventions were found to be 9.09 (95% CI: 2.32-35.60) times more likely to be non-reproducible compared to studies with a single type of intervention (reference category).

Conclusion: Oral health RCTs lacked sufficient detailing, thereby decreasing their replicability.

Introduction: Incorporation of nanoparticles but to the polymers may improve the mechanical properties. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of nanoparticles reinforcement on mechanical properties of non-metallic clasp retained denture polycarbonate resin. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and the population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question was 'What is the effect of nanoparticles reinforcement on flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength, and surface hardness of polycarbonate resin?''.

Data sources: The published literatures were searched in Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct and ProQuest till 31 December 2024. Risk of bias analysis was done using Joanna Briggs Institute critical for non-randomized experimental studies and the meta-analysis was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. After applying the selection criteria, 22 in vitro studies were thoroughly assessed.

Selected studies: Published literature from eleven in-vitro studies were eligible for systematic review and three studies were eligible for meta-analysis.

Study inferences: There was an insignificant difference in surface hardness and significant difference found in flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength after nanoparticle reinforcement ( P = 0.24; MD: 1.75; 95% confidence interval -4.62-8.15; I2 = 100%, P < 0.00001), impact strength ( P = 0.06; MD: 2.22; 95% confidence interval -2.89-7.32; I2 = 99%, P < 0.00001), tensile strength ( P = 0.20; MD: 3.63; 95% confidence interval -8.85-16.11; I2 = 100%, P < 0.00001), surface roughness ( P = 0.27; MD: 1.22; 95% confidence interval -1.43-3.86; I2 = 0%, P > 0.0001).

Conclusion: The literature based evidenced showed that nanoparticle reinforcement showed changes in flexural strength, impact strength and tensile strength of polycarbonate resin.