Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Context: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects large segment of population worldwide.

Aim: To evaluate the detailed relationship between carious status of primary molars and permanent first molars among 8.5-10 years old children.

Methods and materials: Two-hundred and seven children were included in this cross-sectional study. The permanent incisors were fully erupted, the primary canines had no caries experience, and premolars were not erupted. The dentition status of the primary molars and permanent first molars was examined according to the World Health Organization criteria.

Statistical analysis used: Pearson correlation, independent sample t-test, and linear and logistic regression analysis were used. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results: The mean (standard deviation) of decay, missing and filled teeth/surface for primary molars and permanent first molar (dmfs&dmft/DMFS&DMFT) were 4.12 (2.53), 8.40 (7.43), 0.77 (1.16) and 1.01 (1.81), respectively. Weak and medium correlations were found between d-component and D-component (r < 0.5), though statistically significant (P value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a relationship between the number of primary molars caries and the presence of caries on the permanent first molar located in the same side and jaw of these primary molars and those located in the opposite side and jaw of the primary molars.

Conclusion: Nearly one-fifth of the caries on the permanent molars might be attributed to caries on the primary molars among 8.5-10 years-old children. The odds ratio of developing caries on the permanent first molars was 1.5 for children with primary molars caries in comparison to children with no primary caries.

Abstract: Oligodontia is a severe type of tooth agenesis involving six or more congenitally missing teeth, excluding the third molars. It is a rare condition and has a low prevalence in deciduous dentition. It can occur either as a part of syndromes or as a separate entity. This is a rare case report of a 3-year-old child with congenitally missing bilateral anterior and posterior deciduous teeth and its aesthetic and functional rehabilitation using a fixed appliance known as modified Hollywood bridge. In this appliance, molars are banded and acrylic teeth were secured to the stainless steel palatal wire with the help of heat cure acrylic resin. Modified Hollywood bridge provides a reasonable treatment option for the replacement of the missing deciduous teeth in children. It is more suitable for younger paediatric patients and also for physically or mentally handicapped patients.

Background: India launched the National Oral Health Program (NOHP) in the year 2014-15 to support the states for improved oral healthcare delivery and reduce the burden of oral diseases. The toll-free Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) with contact number 1800112032, was initiated to deliver oral health-related information to users and guide them for proper treatment on World Oral Health Day on 20th March 2017. There is scarcity of data regarding the utility and perception of users about IVRS. This study will try to underpin the factors, which can be useful in further improvement in the helpline operation.

Aims: To assess the perception of patients regarding the use of the existing IVRS helpline under NOHP for oral health-related information.

Methods and material: The present cross-sectional nonclinical dental survey was carried out among 980 adults aged 18 years and above visiting SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha.

Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics with proportions were calculated and Chi-square was computed, P < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical inferences.

Results: None of the participants were aware of the existence of the toll-free helpline number of NOHP. A significantly higher proportion of female participants responded that IVRS was useful in getting unassisted oral health-related information (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: The services of IVRS remains underutilised by the general population due to lack of awareness regarding its existence. The IVRS helpline can be readily accessed for information regarding common oral diseases, immediate home-based care and when to approach for professional help for the common oral health issues.

Background and aim: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is one of the most important facial muscle disorders comprising signs and symptoms including pain during function, tenderness in the muscles of mastication and restricted jaw movement. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and combination therapy of LLLT and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of myofascial pain with or without other TMD (temporomandibular disorders).

Materials and methods: Forty patients with MPDS were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received LLLT (BiolaseTM; GA-Al-As; 940 nm) in 12 sessions. Group 2 received a combination of LLLT with the drug Aceclofenac 200 mg till the end of the 12th session. Following each session and after two months, the pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, clicking sound and jaw deviation were evaluated in both groups. Data were collected and analysed using the independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test (a = 0.05).

Results: Both group 1 and group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain and a significant increase in mouth opening, which was faster in group 2 compared to group 1.

Conclusion: Both LLLT and a combination of LLLT and drug therapy are effective in the management of myofascial pain. LLLT + pharmacotherapy combination is more efficient at improving pain and mouth opening.

Abstract: To determine the outcome of full pulpotomy in management of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis when 2.5% versus other concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used to achieve haemostasis. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov for English language articles until July 2021. Randomised clinical trials and cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies where full pulpotomy was performed to manage mature permanent molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis and no periapical radiolucency were included. Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used for quality assessment. The success rate for full pulpotomy was documented. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42020177214). Out of 861 studies, four were considered for data analysis. Three studies were single-arm prospective trials on pulpotomy, while one was a randomised control trial comparing pulpotomy and root canal treatment. A combined success rate of 93% from 117 teeth was reported from three studies using 2.5% NaOCl as a haemostatic agent. One study used 5% NaOCl and reported a success rate of 100% (n = 6 teeth). The certainty of evidence substantiated by the GRADE approach was of low quality. Overall quality assessment revealed a considerable risk of bias in three studies. Irrespective of the NaOCl concentration, the success rate of pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis was high. No study compared the different concentrations of NaOCl as a haemostatic agent. Further, randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the effect of NaOCl concentration for haemostasis on the outcome of pulpotomy.

Introduction: The physical and chemical properties of calcium silicate cement might be affected due to exposure to acidic or alkaline conditions during clinical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acidic and alkaline environments on the surface morphology of biodentine (BD) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (wMTA).

Materials and method: Disc-shaped specimens of BD (n = 30) and wMTA (n = 30) were prepared in a metal mould and wrapped in pieces of gauze. They were divided into three sub-groups according to the storage media: group A, soaked in sterile distilled water at a pH of 7.0; group B, exposed to butyric acid buffered at pH 4.0; and group C, exposed to calcium hydroxide solution buffered at pH 12.0. The specimens were incubated for 7 days at 37°C, followed by examination under scanning electron microscopy at 1000x and 5000x magnification to characterise the microstructural morphology.

Results: Definite changes were seen in the microstructure of BD and wMTA on exposure to acidic and alkaline pH. The microstructure of wMTA tends to exhibit reduced cohesion when exposed to an acidic environment, especially when compared to an alkaline pH. Acidic pH exerts a milder influence on the morphological structure of BD when contrasted with its effects on wMTA.

Conclusion: Biodentine may emerge as a more prudent choice than wMTA for utilisation in inflamed periapical regions.

Introduction: Properly adapted complete denture bases will have adequate retention to the underlying oral mucosa. With technological advancement, there are various techniques of fabrication of complete dentures. There are studies regarding the marginal adaptation of conventional and CAD-CAM denture bases, but there is not enough research comparing the marginal adaptation and polymerisation shrinkage of conventional and 3D printed complete denture bases.

Study setting and design: In vitro study using stereomicroscopy to determine the marginal discrepancy between the denture base and the cast.

Materials and methods: Twelve gypsum casts were taken and divided into conventional and 3D-printed groups. Conventional denture bases were fabricated by adapting wax of 2 mm thickness which was subsequently processed whereas 3D printed bases were designed and the standard tessellation language (STL) files were used to print the denture bases. Three points were marked at the mid-palatal line and on both maxillary tuberosities. Digital images were then captured at the marked regions and were used to measure the maximum gap between the cast and denture base at the marked regions. Data were analysed using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA.

Results: Conventional dentures had a significantly lesser marginal discrepancy than 3D printed dentures (P = 0.000). The left maxillary tuberosity showed the highest marginal discrepancy, significantly different from mid-palatal and right tuberosity sites.

Conclusion: Conventional dentures perform better than their counterparts in terms of adaptation. This accurate adaptation is vital for the retention of the complete denture.

Introduction: With increasing prevalence of dental erosion, this study explores the protective role of traditional fluoride-based products and newer formulations on eroded enamel.

Aims: To assess the protective effectiveness of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on human enamel against erosion using surface microhardness (SMH) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses.

Materials and methods: Ten extracted human third molars were sectioned to obtain 40 enamel sections and randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: G1 (Sound Enamel), G2 (Erosive Challenge), G3 (CPP-ACPF + Erosive Challenge), and G4 (NaF + Erosive Challenge). All samples were subjected to Vicker's SMH analysis, while changes in surface morphology and elemental composition were validated in few representative samples using FTIR and SEM, respectively.

Statistical analysis: Paired samples test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey HSD test were performed using SPSS software version 23 setting P value < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: The mean SMH1 values for the experimental groups G3 and G4 were significantly higher (426.58VHN and 455.83VHN) when compared to G1 (P = 0.000) and G2 (P = 0.000). In SEM analysis, G2 showed eroded honeycomb appearance compared to the smooth homogenous surface of G1, while both G3 and G4 showed deposition of some precipitates. FTIR analysis revealed that in G3 and G4, a characteristic peak of phosphate vibrations between 528 and 823 cm-1 and carbonate bands at 845-932 cm-1 was observed.

Conclusions: Both CPP-ACPF and NaF demonstrated a protective effect on enamel against erosive challenge by an orange juice-based beverage.

Background: Candidalysin has been isolated initially from a pathogenic human fungus. The extent of cell elongation 1 ( ECE1 ) gene codes for candidalysin of Candida albicans (C. albicans) . This toxin is most important for epithelial immune activation, invasiveness and infection of the oral mucosa.

Aim: This study is aimed at detecting the ECE 1 gene in C. albicans isolates from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).

Methods and material: A total of 60 C. albicans isolates from OSCC (n = 23), OPMDs (n = 23) and healthy subjects (n = 14) were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of ECE 1 gene. A high prevalence of the ECE 1 gene was observed among the C . albicans isolates from OSCC and OPMD compared to the isolates from healthy subjects. Statistical significance was observed for both OSCC and OPMD groups compared to the healthy group.

Results and conclusion: The results suggest the significant role of candidalysin in oral oncogenesis. The high odds and risk ratio specify a strong association between candidalysin and these conditions. Screening this gene in a large number of isolates would further reinforce their role in oncogenesis. Future studies in characterizing their virulence on normal cell lines would clarify the importance of candidalysin in promoting oncogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) protocol in a hospital-based setting in India.

Methods: A total of 160 children, 3-6 years old children reporting with dental caries to a hospital-based setting were recruited. Risk-based management of dental caries was conducted and followed for one year as per the modified ICCMS protocol. The feasibility of the ICCMS protocol was evaluated based on treatment outcomes including symptom reduction, patient compliance, and time taken in risk assessment. Qualitative outcomes were assessed using a paired t -test, whereas the Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed the change in quantitative variables from baseline to one year.

Results: A one-year follow-up assessment was completed for 139 children. Majority of children (101 = 72.7%) had high caries risk, while (38 = 27.3%) had moderate risk. A significant improvement was observed in terms of reduction in patient symptoms such as reducing the number of active caries, maintaining sound teeth, and maintaining restored teeth ( P < 0.05). The time taken for risk assessment was also significantly reduced (mean difference 1.99 ± 3.37 min) at one-year recall.

Conclusion: The ICCMS protocol for caries management is feasible in terms of systematic symptom reduction in both moderate and high dental caries risk patients.