Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the rate and quality of maturation of the mineral component of impacted teeth 38 and 48 and a fragment of the human lower jaw with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in different periods of postnatal ontogenesis.

Methods and material: The study involved 102 males (76 with CTD and 26 without CTD), divided into age groups: 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years. For medical reasons, teeth 38 and 48 were removed from each patient, as well as a fragment of the alveolar part of the lower jaw in the projection of teeth 38 and 48 measuring 0.5 × 0.5 cm. The odontological parameters, the mineral density of the enamel and the lower jaw, the length and width of the enamel prisms, the spatial organisation of collagen fibrils and the dimensions of the bone plates of the lower jaw were determined.

Results: A decrease in optical density was observed at the age of 41-50 and 51-60 years with dysplasia, which indicated a decrease in mineral density and the presence of total areas of hypomineralisation relative to the age of 31-40 years. In the age groups of 41-50 and 51-60 years, pronounced sclerosis and deformation of the delimiting elements were observed at the border of the connective tissue structures and the periosteum. At the age of 31-40 years, the level of stratification of the bone plates was local; after 40 years, it was generalised.

Conclusions: Progressive osteoporosis of the lower jaw and incomplete amelogenesis are obstacles to the correct and harmonious eruption of the lower 'wisdom' teeth after 30 years.

Background: The evaluation of genetic markers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and their connection to tooth movement can be helpful.

Aim: The objective of this research is to assess the relationship involving leptin levels and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Study setting and design: Thirty individuals reporting to the Department of Orthodontics participated in an observational prospective study.

Material and method: Thirty orthodontic patients (15 male and 15 female) were included in the current study. The association of leptin concentration (GCF) was measured before and after orthodontic force was applied to move the mesially impacted canine distally (tooth movement distance on dental cast).

Statistical analysis: With the help of SPSS software version 21, the data were statistically examined using the " t " test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni correction in Chicago. The average degree of tooth movement was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and it was connected to the average leptin levels.

Results: Average leptin levels in GCF elevated from baseline (T0, 285.315 picograms/micro litre) to 1 h after force application (T1, 384.683 pg/μL), then raised to a maximum at after 24 h (T2, 927.64 pg/μL), and decreased to the least amount after 15 days (T3, 29.26 pg/μL) and another time increase after two months (242.31 pg/μL). The degree of OTM was significantly correlated with the levels of leptin.

Conclusion: While OTM was occurring, a biphasic fluctuation in the leptin level was noted. The amount of tooth movement was significantly correlated with the GCF leptin level.

Background: The combination of the coronally positioned flap with connective tissue grafting in treating gingival recession defects has been shown to demonstrate the highest success rate.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency between autologous fibrin glue (AFG) and conventional absorbable sutures in the treatment of marginal tissue recessions using connective tissue grafts (CTGs) and the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique.

Methods: Twenty Miller's class I and II recession sites in maxillary or mandibular areas in chronic periodontitis patients were treated as group I (test): CTG + CAF + AFG; and group II (control): CTG + CAF with conventional absorbable sutures. Clinical parameters in both groups were recorded at baseline (t0) and six months (t1) postoperatively in terms of gingival recession height (RH), root coverage esthetic score (RCES), visual analogue scale (VAS), and healing index (HI).

Results: The RH, RCES, VAS, and HI were significantly reduced at the end of six months compared to baseline ( P < 0.005) in both groups; however, there was no statistical difference between the groups, indicating the equivalent efficacy of AFG and conventional sutures in healing.

Conclusion: All the treated sites were found to have appreciable root coverage with satisfactory post-operative healing. Hence, it may be suggested that both AFG and absorbable sutures are equally efficient in post-surgical soft tissue healing.

Context: Restoration fractures and displacement are the two main causes of failure after the rehabilitation of severely worn primary anterior teeth.

Aims: Compare the effect of three post types on the fracture and push-out bond strength.

Methods and materials: Sixty undamaged maxillary anterior primary teeth were allocated into three groups according to post type: (I) Tetric N Ceram composite post, (II) prefabricated glass fiber post, and (III) high viscous glass ionomer post. Each group was further subdivided into two sub-groups depending on the test used: fracture resistance test and push-out bond strength test. The all specimens were mounted in acrylic resin blocks and tested using a universal testing machine. The fracture and failure mode were determined by a stereomicroscope inspection of all the specimens. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni post hoc test ( P < 0.05).

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between fracture resistance and push-out bond strength values for the experimental groups ( P < 0.05). The most significant fracture resistance value was in Group II and core/post fracture (restorable fracture) was the most obvious fracture in the three groups with the highest percentage in Group I. The most significant push-out bond strength value was in Group I and adhesive failure between dentin and luting cement/post was the most common type in the groups.

Conclusions: The fracture resistance and push-out bond strength were affected by the type of post ( P = 0.000). Prefabricated glass fiber posts showed the highest fracture resistance in this study. However, Tetric N Ceram composite posts had the most restorable fracture. Tetric N Ceram composite posts had the highest bond strength with adhesive failure mode.

Introduction: Dental implants are used in dentistry to replace teeth, restore function and improve the quality of life for patients. Osseointegration is critical for the success of dental implants. Implant surface modification can enhance osseointegration. Gold nanoparticles have emerged as a promising coating material for dental implants owing to their unique physicochemical properties. We aimed to review published literature to assess the effect of gold nanoparticle coating in increasing osseointegration of dental implants.

Data collection: A database search yielded a total of 14 articles between January 2011 till December 2021, of which nine articles were excluded and five studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported improved osseointegration outcomes with gold nanoparticle coating compared to uncoated controls.

Results: The most reported osseointegration outcomes were bone-implant contact, removal torque (RTQ) and histological analysis of bone formation around the implant. Mean RTQ values for coated implants ranged from 6.7 to 52.8 Ncm, compared to 3.7-40.8 Ncm for uncoated controls. The histological analysis showed greater bone formation and density around the coated implants compared to uncoated implants. Gold nanoparticle coating appears to have a positive effect on osseointegration. The results of included studies suggest that gold nanoparticle-coated implants promote greater bone-implant contact (BIC), RTQ and bone formation around the coated implant than the uncoated implant.

Conclusion: With increasing usage of dental implants, the most prevailing concern among clinicians remains to be peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis is observed despite the biocompatibility and osseointegration properties of titanium. Surface coatings with antimicrobial effectiveness can help in preventing the onset of peri-implantitis and bone loss, while increasing BIC.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of various antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.

Materials and methods: Labial enamel surfaces of 90 extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into five groups based on the antioxidant used as follows: Group I ( n = 20): Bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel for 10 min, without the use of an antioxidant; Group II ( n = 20): Bleaching followed by the use of 10% sodium ascorbate solution; Group III ( n = 20): Bleaching followed by the use of 5% grape seed extract solution; Group IV ( n =20): Bleaching followed by the use of 5% pine bark extract solution; and Group V ( n =20): Control group in which no bleaching was done. Groups I-IV were further subdivided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each, whether the antioxidant application and composite build-up was done immediately (subgroup A) or after 2 weeks of postbleaching (subgroup B). Shear bond strength of the specimens was tested under a universal testing machine.

Results: One-way analysis of variance followed by Mann-Tukey posthoc multiple comparison test was used to analyse the data. The level of significance was established at P < 0.05.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the use of antioxidants effectively reversed the compromised bond strength of bleached enamel. Among the antioxidants, 5% pine bark extract application after bleaching showed better bond strength.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of G-CEM, a fluoride-releasing cement, on the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) and their severity around orthodontic brackets.

Methods and materials: This case-control study was conducted by reviewing 140 dental records of fixed orthodontic patients presenting to an orthodontic clinic. The patients were assigned to two groups ( n = 70). In group 1, Transbond XT resin cement, and in group 2, G-CEM had been used for bracket bonding. The frequency and severity of WSLs in each group were evaluated by assessing the available post-treatment photographs of patients and notes left by their orthodontist in their records in this regard. The number of teeth with WSLs in each patient was recorded, and the severity of lesions was categorised by Gorelick's analysis.

Statistical analysis: Comparisons were made using independent t -test, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test (alpha = 0.05).

Results: In both the maxilla and mandible, the prevalence of WSLs was significantly higher in the Transbond XT group than in the G-CEM group ( P = 0.01). The difference in frequency of WSLs between the maxilla and mandible was not significant within each group ( P > 0.05). Tooth #22 had the highest frequency of WSLs (11.4%) in the Transbond XT group, while teeth #12 and #36 had the highest frequency of WSLs (2.9%) in the G-CEM group. The difference in frequency of WSLs was not significant between males and females ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Bracket bonding with G-CEM fluoride-releasing cement significantly reduced the development of WSLs around orthodontic brackets.

Context: Long-term color stability of composite resins is one of the most important factors influencing the clinical longevity of aesthetic restorations.

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of novel reduced steps and gold standard multiple steps polishing systems of two composite resins; a nano-filled (Filtek Z350XT) versus a supra-nanofill (Palfique LX5) on their color stability after submitting to thermocycling with common beverages.

Materials and methods: Sixty disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from both composite resins ( n = 30). From each material, ten specimens acted as the control group (Mylar strip), ten specimens were polished with Sof-Lex Diamond spirals, and ten were polished with Super-Snap X-Treme discs. All the specimens were thermocycled with staining solutions. Color was measured by a spectrophotometer before and after thermocycling and color difference (ΔE*) was calculated.

Statistical analysis used: One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post-hoc test and independent t -test ( α = 0.05) were used.

Results: A significantly highest color change was recorded for both control subgroups ( P < 0.05), and the Sof-Lex Diamond spiral showed significantly the lowest color change ( P < 0.05). Both the control and Sof-Lex Diamond spiral subgroups of Palfique LX5 produced significantly lower color change compared with subgroups of Filtek Z350 ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Sof-Lex Diamond spiral polishing system provided the least color difference for both composites, while there was no significant difference between the materials when the Super-Snap X-Treme polishing system was used.

Abstract: A 31-year-old male with a history of right zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture presented with aesthetic concerns, continuous tearing, and double vision. The patient had undergone multiple surgeries post accident, resulting in an asymmetrical cheek bulge, persistent diplopia, and epiphora. Investigations revealed abnormal placement of an orbital mesh and damage to the lacrimal sac. A surgical plan was devised to remove the plates, reposition the muscles, secure the floor, correct the epiphora, and provide the desired aesthetics. The surgery involved removal of the mesh and a long plate, refracturing of the zygoma, approximation and securing of the fractured zygoma with plates, and creation of an osteum on the lateral wall of the nose. Post-operatively, the patient's healing was uneventful and he was satisfied with the outcome. This case underscores the importance of a proper surgical technique and patient-centered care in managing complex facial fractures.

Background: Root canal retreatment aims to eliminate or substantially reduce the microbial load from the root canal and removal of previous root filling materials is the primary goal of nonsurgical retreatment.

Aim: To comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of ProTaper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, and Hedstrom files along with Gates Glidden (GG) Drill by using a stereomicroscope for the detection of remaining gutta-percha after root canal retreatment using a stereomicroscope.

Materials and methods: Forty-five test samples were divided into three experimental groups (15 samples each), such as Group A-ProTaper retreatment files; Group B-Mtwo retreatment files; Group C-Hedstrom files along with Gates Glidden Drill. After routine endodontic treatment in the test samples, gutta-percha was removed from the test samples as per the division of different retreatment file systems. Further, test samples were divided longitudinally and were evaluated under the stereomicroscope. Stereomicroscopic images were captured and analysed under Image Analyser Software-Image J.

Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA test was used for comparison of gutta-percha removal between the groups and Tukey's post hoc test was used for pairwise comparisons.

Results: The least remaining filling material was seen in specimens retreated with the ProTaper universal system. The highest remaining filling material was seen in specimens retreated with Hedstrom file with Gates Glidden Drill.

Conclusion: All experimental test techniques left gutta-percha remnants within the root canal. ProTaper universal rotary retreatment system proved to be an efficient method of removing gutta-percha and left relatively less volume in comparison with other test systems.