Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Introduction: Maxillofacial skeleton is the most vulnerable site for trauma due to its prominence. The aim of our study was to analyse the cause and pattern of maxillofacial injuries & to correlate the aetiology and pattern of facial injury.

Materials and methods: This prospective study includes 304 patients with facial trauma, who reported to our institute within a time span of 2 years. Data were collected on basis of sociodemographic status plus additional data obtained on type of injury, aetiology, location and status of the victim.

Result: The most frequent cause of maxillofacial trauma (MFT) was fall (43.3%) followed by RTA (34.2%) and assault (15.1%). In upper 3rd face region frontal bone fracture was prevalent with 1.3%, while in the midface, zygomatic complex (ZMC) fracture (3.9%) and in lower 3rd part of face, mandible fracture (42.8%) and dentoalveolar fracture (30.2%). Mandible was the most prevalent site for trauma. Although fall was the main aetiological factor in our study, midfacial injuries were mainly due to assault and RTA. Combination of mandibular fracture and soft tissue injury were mainly seen in RTA and injury due to fall. Conservative management was mainly employed for treatment with 46.1% followed by ORIF with 36.2%.

Conclusion: Changing trend in aetiology of MFT was noted. Furthermore, study should be conducted for better understanding, and to carry out preventive measure for the same.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal defects using hand Hedstrom files, XP-Shaper, TruNatomy, and Reciproc Blue file systems when used for oval shaped root canals.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five extracted human mandibular premolars with single root and oval canals were selected for the study. Twenty-one teeth were unprepared (control), and the remaining teeth were divided into the prepared groups (n = 21), that is, Group H-Files, Group XP-Shaper, Group TruNatomy, and Group Reciproc Blue. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth by using a diamond-coated disk with water cooling, leaving root segments approximately 16 mm in length. Each group was prepared according to the above file system. Then all roots were sectioned perpendicular to their long axes at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a diamond-coated disk under a continuous water stream. Each specimen was then checked for the presence of dentinal defects/microcracks.

Result: The XP-Endo shaper group had the lowest number of defects (01/21 roots) 4.7%; TN (04/21) 19%, H-Files (04/21) 19%, and RC Blue (05/21) 23.8% had the highest incidence of defects. However, no significant difference was detected among these groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files and hand files may create microcracks in the radicular dentine, whereas the XP-Shaper file system produces minimal or less cracks compared to other tested rotary file systems and H-file instrumentation.

Introduction: Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) raise a considerable restorative challenge for the dentist in bonding, as adhesion is not as strong and predictable as enamel bonding. A critical factor for restorative success is the selection of restorative material. Clinicians have tried many restorative materials and techniques to obtain the best performance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome of a Giomer and Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restoration in NCCL using united states public health service (USPHS) criteria at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.

Materials and method: Patients from age 25 - 50 years having non-carious cervical lesions on both the sides and requiring restorations were screened. 20 patients were selected and further divided into 2 groups using simple random sampling technique. Group A- Beautifil II restoration using G-Premio bond (n = 10) and Group B- Ketac N100 restoration (n = 10). Restorations were done according to manufacturer's instructions and consequently evaluated at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months using the USPHS criteria for marginal discolouration, marginal integrity, surface texture, colour match, gross fracture and post-operative sensitivity.

Results: Giomer restorations showed better results than RMGIC. There was decrease in alpha ratings in both the study groups i.e., Giomer and RMGIC from 6 to 12 months.

Discussion: The overall findings suggest that both Giomer and RMGIC gave satisfactory clinical results when used to restore non-carious cervical lesions. Both the materials can successfully be used since there was no statistically significant difference in the clinical outcome.

Objective: Gender determination is pivotal in establishing a biological profile of human remains, where fragments of the skull persist with unidentifiable dental arch data. Owing to the resistance and stability against external factors such as trauma and fractures, radiological assessment of the frontal sinus can be a useful indicator for sexual dimorphism. Keeping this in mind, a study was designed to analyse the efficacy of morphometric assessment of the frontal sinus for gender determination in the North Indian population.

Materials and method: A total of 300 (150 males and 150 females) lateral cephalograms of the age >20 years were retrieved. The frontal sinus index (ratio of maximum height to depth), area, and perimeter of the same were calculated using Adobe Photoshop software. The results obtained were further subjected to statistical analysis.

Result and conclusion: The study yielded an accuracy rate of 75.3% for sex differentiation. The frontal sinus perimeter was a novel parameter which was utilised as a variable in the obtained discriminant equation for sex differentiation. Thus, this cost-effective technique might be useful as an adjunct to assess sexual dimorphism.

Introduction: Ossifying fibromas are rare, non-aggressive benign tumours of the bone, commonly involving the posterior mandible in middle-aged individuals with a female predilection.

Findings: Clinical manifestations include asymptomatic expansion of the mandible with infrequent maxillary lesions, pain, malocclusion, and compromised quality of life including aesthetic perception. Owing to multiplicity of features, tendency of recurrence, and possibility of malignant transformation, the diagnosis, treatment, and post-operative management of ossifying fibroma are always a challenge.

Takeaway lessons: Study aims to report a clinical case of extensive swelling involving the coronoid process and condyle on the right side to crossing the mid-line of the mandible with compromised functions and aesthetics. The article describes the clinical, histopathological, and radiological features of the case. The possible treatment and challenges encountered are discussed.

Background: Realistic and tailored dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. An appropriate diet analysis forms the basis for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing a meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, very few tools are available for clinicians to assess children's diet relating to caries risk. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child's diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in the prevention of dental caries.

Methods: Multi-disciplinary teams with a sample study population were involved in the initial structuring of Diet's Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index. To obtain cut-off values for cariogenicity of diet, a study was carried out with a sample of 774 children correlating diet diary with caries status. For statistics, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied.

Results: ROC curve of 22.5 were plotted for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95, respectively.

Conclusions: The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet's Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child's diet objectively to guide the professional to achieve a logical diet modification.

Aim: To estimate the working length of teeth using conventional tactile technique, radiovisiography technique, Apex locator, and confirmation of working length by cone beam computed tomography technique.

Materials and methods: Forty patients with the age group between 20 and 50 years with irreversible pulpitis were included in this study. After taking a preoperative radiograph, the procedure was started. The cavity wall buildup was done using composite in the cases needed and then rubber dam application was done. The working length of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canal was taken using cone beam computed tomography and this was considered as the standard value. Then using tactile method, length of the canal was measured using radiovisiographic software followed by apexlocator.

Result: The Apex locator has showed best result as compared to tactile and radiovisiography.

Conclusion: Apex locator values were closest to cone beam computed tomography working length measurement values and electronic apexlocator can be used efficiently as an alternative method for working length determination. The quality of various techniques according to ranks of working length determination was found to be Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) > Apexloc > Radiovisiography (RVG) > Tactile. Thus, Apex locator can be used as an alternative to cone beam computed tomography for working length determination.

Introduction: The need to perform restorations with a natural appearance is one of the most challenging aspects of dentistry, and reproducing the colour of natural teeth in restorations is a clinical challenge due to the complex optical characteristics of dentition. Various procedures have been advocated in the literature to correct dental anomalies, particularly in the aesthetic region, such as tooth discoloration due to fluorosis or dentition spacing due to changes in tooth shape, such as peg laterals.

Clinical applications: Veneer are one of the most commonly used treatment modalities in such cases. As the use of ceramics necessitates the use of more opaque restorative materials or different thickness, obtaining adequate results in terms of the final colour of the restoration becomes increasingly difficult. The purpose of this study is to present a clinical case of smile rehabilitation in the anterior region with facets made of lithium disilicate, with the goal of achieving colour uniformity and demonstrating the benefits and achieving smile aesthetics.

Takeaway lessons: Technological advancement such as intraoral scanner for impression making have significant improved the success of prosthesis. This case report presents conservative and aesthetic procedure in the management of closing the space in maxillary anterior region using lithium disilicate laminate veneers with trios software.

Aim: This study aimed to estimate and correlate the serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of caspase-3 and milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) in healthy, gingivitis and generalised chronic periodontitis subjects.

Materials and methods: A total of 24 subjects were selected and divided into three groups. After recording the periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (MGI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)), the serum and GCF samples were collected and the levels of caspase-3 and MFG-E8 were estimated using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).

Results: The mean values of PI, MGI, PD and CALs were significantly higher in group III when compared to group II and group I. The mean value of serum and GCF caspase-3 increased with increasing disease severity, whereas the mean serum and GCF values of MFG-E8 decreased with increasing severity of disease. Spearman's correlation showed a strong positive correlation between the serum and GCF levels of caspase-3 and periodontal parameters, whereas serum and GCF levels of MFG-E8 showed a strong negative correlation with the periodontal parameters.

Conclusion: The findings of this study are suggestive that the serum and GCF levels of caspase-3 and MFG-E8 could serve as a potential biomarker for the role of apoptosis in periodontal disease. However, further studies are required to explore the mechanism and understand the relationship between these apoptotic markers and periodontitis.