Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Introduction: Oral squamous papillomas are common lesions of the oral mucosa of squamous epithelial origin presenting as a papillary or verrucous exophytic mass. It is the fourth most common benign epithelial lesion associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. [ 1 ] It is usually seen in the age range of 30-50 years. The most common site of occurrence is the tongue and soft palate; however, other sites in the oral cavity may be affected.

Objectives: The aim of the article was to present a rare case report of juvenile squamous papilloma on the hard palate which has been treated successfully by wide local excision.

Treatment: The oral squamous papilloma was sent for histopathology after wide local excision of the lesion.

Conclusion: Oral squamous papilloma is a rare clinical entity in children. The histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation revealed the propensity of malignant transformation.

Aim: To correlate oral stereognosis ability (OSA) and denture satisfaction in complete denture patients.

Objectives: Oral stereognosis is defined as the identification of forms solely through the use of oral receptor. When a denture is being worn by the patients the level of adaptation and later the extent of satisfaction has always been an important factor in the success of the treatment. Now here in this study we shall check (1) Whether oral stereognosis tests can be used as one of the diagnostic aids in predicting patients' performance with the complete denture. (2) Difference in oral stereognosis between satisfied and dissatisfied complete denture wearers.

Materials and methods: 60 patients, 40 in Group A and 20 in Group B participated in the study. Group A were experienced denture wearers on an average of 4 years. Group B were first time denture wearers. For assessing patient's opinion about their dentures, a questionnaire was prepared. Custom made heat cure acrylic resin test forms were made to test oral stereognosis ability. Both the groups went through the oral stereognosis test and denture satisfaction questionnaire. Based on the mean scores, both the groups were divided into satisfied and dissatisfied; high and low oral stereognosis score group.

Results: Spearman's analysis showed negative correlation between oral stereognosis and satisfaction of complete denture prosthesis.

Conclusion: Results from the study is conclusive that patients who were satisfied with their dentures had low oral stereognosis score and patients who were dissatisfied with their denture had high oral stereognosis score.

Introduction: Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles have a bearing on skeletal maturation. The correlation of BMI with serum osteocalcin (OC) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) assumes even greater importance in orthodontic treatment planning for skeletal Class II jaw discrepancies. The aim of the study was thus to estimate BMI percentiles, serum OC, and IGFBP-3 and correlate it with CVM to assess the opportune pubertal growth spurt.

Materials and methods: Height and body weight were measured to the BMI percentiles of the study participants with skeletal class II malocclusion (n = 51, age 11-18 yrs). Lateral cephalometry was used for CVM staging. Blood was collected to quantitatively assess the serum OC and IGFBP-3 levels using Sandwich-ELISA.

Results: Obesity was more common in females compared to males (24% vs. 7.69%) while the reverse was true for underweight (4% vs. 15.39%). The majority of the obese participants belonged to CVM4-CVM6. Mean OC and IGFBP-3 were the highest in the obese category (71.879 ± 5.275 ng/mL, 55.541 ± 5.795 ng/mL). No statistically significant difference was observed in the mean OC and IGFBP-3 levels between males and females (64.993 ± 10.929 ng/mL vs. 58.795 ± 23.054 ng/mL, P = 0.231: 44.030 ± 12.767 ng/mL vs. 48.081 ± 10.843 ng/mL, P = 0.229).

Conclusion: The clinical relevance of serum biomarkers (OC, IGFBP-3) and their correlation with BMI percentile and CVM stages could be certainly used to assess the circumpubertal growth status. Obese and severely obese females, though they belong to the age range of 13-17 years and later CVM stages, there was a significant increase in OC and IGFBP-3 serum levels that could be used to plan orthopedic treatment.

Aim: This study aims to assess student satisfaction in their proficiency with different intraoral radiographic techniques.

Materials and methods: A Google Form survey was formulated and circulated to both fourth- and fifth-year dental students in 10 Iraqi dental schools.

Results: The analysed data reveal that most students have taken ten or fewer radiographs. Cone cuts and vertical and horizontal angulation errors were infrequent occurrences. Approximately 66% of students encountered challenges when positioning for posterior areas vertically and first premolar areas horizontally. Conversely, the anterior area proved to be less challenging. Out of 304 students, 53% expressed a reasonable level of satisfaction with their training in periapical radiography.

Conclusion: Apparently, number of taken periapical radiographs is not the only factor that influences students' satisfaction. Difficulty of implementing theoretical knowledge in the training seems to play a role in students' satisfaction in their training.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) monomer is used during the production of a wide variety of orthodontic materials such as composites, aesthetic brackets, and thermoplastic aligners; its release from incomplete polymerisation and resin degradation poses serious health risks. Hence, this study aims to assess BPA release from different aligners at various time intervals of its usage in an in vitro model.

Aim and objectives: To qualitatively and quantitatively determine BPA released from five different orthodontic aligners, at different time intervals.

Materials and methods: Five different orthodontic aligners, namely Dentcare aligner, Invisalign aligner, SD align, Smile aligner, and TAC aligners, were evaluated for BPA release by subjecting the aligners to surface abrasion, immersing in artificial saliva, and subjecting to thermal shock treatment to simulate oral environment at various time intervals (24 hours, 7 days, and 10 days) using gas-phase chromatography.

Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) were employed to describe the study results.

Result: BPA was not detected and thus could not be analysed in the present study at different time points. The other elements were identified, which were totally different from one another at each time points.

Conclusion: It is concluded that BPA was not released from the various aligners at any time intervals. The presence of other components such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), which is more or less similar to BPA in terms of inducing toxicity to the liver and other tissues, is a matter of concern and needs further research.

Background/objectives: Smile analysis is a determinant tool for the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcome. This study aimed to evaluate and compare dynamic smile before and after twin block therapy.

Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on 30 subjects in age group of 11-14 years (mean age = 12.80 ± 1.2 years). Dynamic smile was recorded by videography at two time points, that is pre- (T0) and post- (T1) twin block therapy. Measurements were made on frontal rest and smile photographs. A paired t -test was used for comparison of changes at T0 and T1. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: At full smile, significant increase was observed in upper lip length (0.97 mm), lower lip length (1.96 mm) and thickness (0.52 mm), stomion inferius to supramentale (1.96 mm), lower lip to maxillary incisor (0.70 mm), distance from upper incisal edge to inferior portion of lower lip (1.73 mm), interlabial gap (1.26 mm), soft tissue lower facial height (3.59 mm), buccal corridor ratio (0.03), smile width (2.06 mm), maxillary intercanine width (3.61 mm) and width of all visible maxillary teeth (3.65 mm) following twin block therapy. Buccal corridor showed significant decrease (1.02-1.16 mm) post-twin block appliance therapy. At rest, statistically significant increase was observed in the upper lip length (1.60 mm), lower lip length (2.99 mm) and thickness (1.28 mm), stomion inferius-supramentale (4.47 mm) and soft tissue lower facial height (3.13 mm), whereas maxillary incisor exposure (2.09 mm) and interlabial gap (2.06 mm) showed significant decrease.

Conclusions: Dynamic smile assessment revealed a significant improvement in smile aesthetics following twin block therapy.

Aim and objectives: Oral Pathology and Microbiology (OPM) is a branch of dentistry; the objectives of it have been underestimated by undergraduate (UG) dental students. Thus, the present study was formulated, which outlines the acuity of UG students toward OPM as subject and career prospects along with its gender-wise comparison.

Material and methods: An institutional close-ended questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 219 students including BDS IInd year (36), IIIrd year (42), IVth year (93) students and interns (48), aged between 19 and 24 years. The questionnaire comprised 13 questions related to students' perception of OPM as a subject along with its career practice. Data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test (P < 0.05).

Statistics and results: Among all participants, 99 (45%) were males and 120 (55%) were females. On Chi-square analysis, we found that the majority of interns (87.5%) and 41.7% of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) IV year opined that the subject was both research-oriented as well as clinical with a statistically significant difference. Additionally, students from all four years agreed with the affirmation of career opportunities at cancer centres with significant differences and increased propensity for making Oncology Fellowship programs a prerequisite in addition to Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) certification. On gender comparisons, we observed mixed types of results and inconclusive perceptions.

Conclusion: The study revealed that students of a higher grade (BDS final year and interns) possess adequate practical knowledge and scope of practice of OPM compared to the lower-grade (BDS II and III years) UG dental students with a need for workshops and seminars in the future prospectus.

Introduction: An increase in dental trauma due to seizures in epileptic patients is a serious concern. Other serious injuries are treated immediately, but dental trauma goes ignored. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to know the proportion of dental injuries and their subgroups.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 1, 1990, to April 30, 2023, to identify articles reporting dental trauma due to epilepsy. We used two measures of heterogeneity (Q and I2-statistic) to select appropriate model (fixed or random effect model) for estimating pooled proportion. We used meta-regression to identify the significant predictors affecting the proportion of interest.

Results: We included 28 articles in the final meta-analysis. The pooled proportion (prop) of dental trauma in epilepsy patients was 0.20 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.25). The categories for subgroup meta-analysis were hard tissue dental injury (prop: 0.14 (0.09, 0.20)), soft tissue dental injury (prop: 0.25 (0.18, 0.32)), both groups (prop: 0.48 (0.39, 0.57)), injury to teeth (prop: 0.14 (0.09, 0.20)), injury to tongue (prop: 0.28 (0.18, 0.37)), injury to lip (prop: 0.17 (0.10, 0.25)). gum injury (prop: 0.09 (0.05, 0.16)), injury to cheek (Prop: 0.12 (0.06, 0.18)), others (Prop: 0.61 (0.46, 0.75)), Negroid group (prop: 0.15 (0.08, 0.21)), Caucasian group (prop: 0.20 (0.12, 0.28)), and Asian group (prop: 0.24 (0.16, 0.32)).

Conclusion: The proportion of traumatic dental injuries due in patients with epilepsy was 0.20. Oral soft tissues were more affected than hard tissues (prop: 0.25 vs 0.14), and among soft tissues, tongue was most affected (prop: 0.28). Early age of epilepsy onset and high frequency of seizures also contribute to dental trauma.

Background: An impacted lower wisdom tooth is a common condition encountered in oral surgery. A horizontally impacted lower third molar is associated with more bone removal compared to mesioangular and distoangular impactions.

Objective: The goal was to minimize overall bone removal without compromising the function of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Materials and methods: Twenty-five patients, between 18 and 46 years old, participated in the study-20 females and five males. All patients attended a private clinic with the intention of having their impacted teeth removed. A portion of the buccal cortex, with specific dimensions, was removed from a position lateral to the horizontally impacted wisdom tooth. This was preserved in a sterile wet pack and refixed after tooth removal to minimize bone loss.

Results: A majority of cases involved females (80%) and males (20%). The primary assessment criterion was the viability of the buccal cortex and the presence of any associated complications. One male patient was found to have lost the buccal cortex (accounting for 4% of cases). Two patients complained of temporary paraesthesia, which resolved within 4 months.

Statistical analysis: The data were collected and compiled in Microsoft Excel. The Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data was used to analyse descriptive data. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Conclusion: The removal of a small part of the buccal cortex lateral to a horizontally impacted lower third molar is highly predictable when conducted with precision. This is particularly true when the tissue is secured properly, which can subsequently reduce the amount of bone removed.

Introduction: Periodontitis is considered as the 6th complication of diabetes. Laser therapy has been used in periodontics aiming at reducing bacteria to stimulate regeneration of tissue, and for its anti- inflammatory effect.

Aim: To compare the clinical parameters, HbA1c level in blood & Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic generalized periodontitis at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and after SRP along with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). A total of 30 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and having chronic generalized periodontitis were divided into 2 groups of 15 each. Control group was subjected to SRP only whereas the experimental group received six sessions LLLT along with SRP.

Materials and methods: The clinical parameters namely Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index, Bleeding on Probing, Probing Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Level along with HbA1c levels and TNF-α in GCF were evaluated at baseline, 3rd month and 6th month respectively. TNF-α was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: All periodontal parameters, HbA1c and TNF-α levels reduced superiorly in the experimental group as compared to control group at 3rd month interval.

Conclusions: Adjunctive use of laser therapy has effects for 3 months on the clinical parameters and TNF-α values but 6 months effects on HbA1c levels and PI in type 2 DM patients. It is obvious that these effects are dose and wavelength sensitive.