The recursive expansion of International Economics and multiplier effect of economic variables and other factors on the economics of countries leads us to revise some economic topics. One of the most important of these topics is National Income of countries. It is obvious that the 4 sector equilibrium income determination model is not more accurate and responding especially when we are designing Fiscal and Monetary policies or when we are budgeting. That is, I decided to design models containing more than 4 sectors. First, I begin with a 5 sector model, one more sector that is Multinational Economic sector.The Multinational Economic Sector:Definition: First, we must separate multinational economic sector from Import & Export sector. Here, Multinational economics is an external economics sector excluding Import & Export which contains Capital Outflows and Inflows, Country’s share in International Technology and Science, Exchange Rate, Portion for Investments made by foreign companies in national economic and portion for Investments made by national companies abroad, Sociopolitical Risks, Credit rank of country, Forex, International and multinational Sanctions, Country’s share in joint international investments. We content with these items and do arrange a function for Net Income arising from these items. Then, we add the Net Income Multinational Economics up with 4 sector Model in order to get the equilibrium income and interest rate. The final model would be as follows:Y=C+ I+ G +(X-M)+ (ME) Or Y=C +I +G+ (X-M)+ (ME)NI Or Other Calculated formsRelated Topics and Issues: Would appear on Main Full paper version.
{"title":"Five Sector Equilibrium Income Determination Model [Demand Side Equation] Part One/Multinational Economic Sector","authors":"Nader Fatehi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2366288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2366288","url":null,"abstract":"The recursive expansion of International Economics and multiplier effect of economic variables and other factors on the economics of countries leads us to revise some economic topics. One of the most important of these topics is National Income of countries. It is obvious that the 4 sector equilibrium income determination model is not more accurate and responding especially when we are designing Fiscal and Monetary policies or when we are budgeting. That is, I decided to design models containing more than 4 sectors. First, I begin with a 5 sector model, one more sector that is Multinational Economic sector.The Multinational Economic Sector:Definition: First, we must separate multinational economic sector from Import & Export sector. Here, Multinational economics is an external economics sector excluding Import & Export which contains Capital Outflows and Inflows, Country’s share in International Technology and Science, Exchange Rate, Portion for Investments made by foreign companies in national economic and portion for Investments made by national companies abroad, Sociopolitical Risks, Credit rank of country, Forex, International and multinational Sanctions, Country’s share in joint international investments. We content with these items and do arrange a function for Net Income arising from these items. Then, we add the Net Income Multinational Economics up with 4 sector Model in order to get the equilibrium income and interest rate. The final model would be as follows:Y=C+ I+ G +(X-M)+ (ME) Or Y=C +I +G+ (X-M)+ (ME)NI Or Other Calculated formsRelated Topics and Issues: Would appear on Main Full paper version.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129953409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current article examines the trade balance of Greece in the Euro era, in general, and in particular within the Member States of the Euro Zone (EZ). It was found that in the Euro-era, the Greek trade balance has deteriorated in general and particularly within the Member States of the EZ, while losses in competitiveness of the Greek economy have been observed. The structure of production and foreign trade affect the trade deficit and competitiveness of the Greek economy. Moreover, the more rapid rates of inflation in Greece, compared with its trading partners, led to a revaluation of the real exchange rate in the country, affecting its export performance.
{"title":"The Trade Balance of Greece in the Euro Era","authors":"Giorgos Magoulios, S. Athianos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2358050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2358050","url":null,"abstract":"The current article examines the trade balance of Greece in the Euro era, in general, and in particular within the Member States of the Euro Zone (EZ). It was found that in the Euro-era, the Greek trade balance has deteriorated in general and particularly within the Member States of the EZ, while losses in competitiveness of the Greek economy have been observed. The structure of production and foreign trade affect the trade deficit and competitiveness of the Greek economy. Moreover, the more rapid rates of inflation in Greece, compared with its trading partners, led to a revaluation of the real exchange rate in the country, affecting its export performance.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124766649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of social reasoning is at the core of understanding how to manage social networks. Since interpersonal relations are composed of multiple factors with different nature (i.e., structural and social factors), we explore their influence on the strategizing processes in social networks. We formalize interpersonal relations using the methods of structural and social analysis. As a part of the research, we develop the soft-ware application for the numerical visualization of the social network functioning based on the proposed mechanism.
{"title":"The Multifactor Model of the Agent's Power in Social Networks","authors":"I. Belik, H. Hexmoor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2345311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2345311","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of social reasoning is at the core of understanding how to manage social networks. Since interpersonal relations are composed of multiple factors with different nature (i.e., structural and social factors), we explore their influence on the strategizing processes in social networks. We formalize interpersonal relations using the methods of structural and social analysis. As a part of the research, we develop the soft-ware application for the numerical visualization of the social network functioning based on the proposed mechanism.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125226667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of conducting this study is to establish the role of technology in growth of Islamic banking. The role of technology in enhancing advancement of several industries has dominated several study topics. In the Islamic banking, this topic calls for various explorations from several angles. For the Islamic banking industry, change is the key driving force in the financial world. This changes mainly bases on swift developments in the technology. From this research, several proposals emerge to guide the Islamic banking industry towards maximizing from technological advances. The key proposals focus on critical success elements that are; competitions, retention of Islamic customer base, increasing the employee’s expertise on the emerging technology and enhancing accessibility of advanced technology. These success factors are broad. However, this study recognizes the likelihood of availability of additional elements that are equally significant. This study employs interpretive approach based on several case studies. Technology and Islamic banking is a new relationship that has received limited study. Therefore, research emphasizes on the need for exploratory research that will shed more light on this emerging issue. Also, the area lacks main developed projects. This disqualifies the likelihood of going ahead to conduct a single, but more comprehensive ethnographic research. This means that although every research needs to strike a balance between extensiveness and complexity, the nature of study in this area emphasize that extensiveness using case studies may shed more light.
{"title":"Islamic Banking Growth: Role of Technology","authors":"Ismail Ahmed","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2304314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2304314","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of conducting this study is to establish the role of technology in growth of Islamic banking. The role of technology in enhancing advancement of several industries has dominated several study topics. In the Islamic banking, this topic calls for various explorations from several angles. For the Islamic banking industry, change is the key driving force in the financial world. This changes mainly bases on swift developments in the technology. From this research, several proposals emerge to guide the Islamic banking industry towards maximizing from technological advances. The key proposals focus on critical success elements that are; competitions, retention of Islamic customer base, increasing the employee’s expertise on the emerging technology and enhancing accessibility of advanced technology. These success factors are broad. However, this study recognizes the likelihood of availability of additional elements that are equally significant. This study employs interpretive approach based on several case studies. Technology and Islamic banking is a new relationship that has received limited study. Therefore, research emphasizes on the need for exploratory research that will shed more light on this emerging issue. Also, the area lacks main developed projects. This disqualifies the likelihood of going ahead to conduct a single, but more comprehensive ethnographic research. This means that although every research needs to strike a balance between extensiveness and complexity, the nature of study in this area emphasize that extensiveness using case studies may shed more light.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124400570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What drives the observed tendency of new FDI, other things equal, to be attracted to locations where many other foreign investors are located? One explanation in the literature on FDI location is that expected bene ts from agglomeration externalities make rms want to locate in agglomerated regions. Alternatively, potential investors get information about conditions in a host from rms in their own business network that already have experience from that country. We study how Norwegian FDI location choice depends on previous Norwegian presence, using information about institutional quality to separate the impact of information sharing from agglomeration externalities. The impact of previous Norwegian investors is larger in countries with low institutional quality. We interpret this as consistent with the presence of information sharing among Norwegian investors.
{"title":"Guided Through the 'Red Tape'? Information Sharing and Foreign Direct Investment","authors":"Ragnhild Balsvik, Line Tøndel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2220181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2220181","url":null,"abstract":"What drives the observed tendency of new FDI, other things equal, to be attracted to locations where many other foreign investors are located? One explanation in the literature on FDI location is that expected bene ts from agglomeration externalities make rms want to locate in agglomerated regions. Alternatively, potential investors get information about conditions in a host from rms in their own business network that already have experience from that country. We study how Norwegian FDI location choice depends on previous Norwegian presence, using information about institutional quality to separate the impact of information sharing from agglomeration externalities. The impact of previous Norwegian investors is larger in countries with low institutional quality. We interpret this as consistent with the presence of information sharing among Norwegian investors.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123599544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Standard ways of measuring real income are known to be inconsistent with consumer preferences. We provide preference-consistent estimates of real income, based on the income-specific price indices that are consistent with nonhomothetic preferences. We find that existing measures, such as Geary, GEKS and GAIA, create systematic biases: the poorer is a country, the more its income is overestimated by these measures. Consequently, international income inequality is underestimated by the same measures.
{"title":"Global Income Inequality and Cost-of-Living Adjustment: The Geary-Allen World Accounts","authors":"Ingvild Almås, Erik Ø. Sørensen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2169891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2169891","url":null,"abstract":"Standard ways of measuring real income are known to be inconsistent with consumer preferences. We provide preference-consistent estimates of real income, based on the income-specific price indices that are consistent with nonhomothetic preferences. We find that existing measures, such as Geary, GEKS and GAIA, create systematic biases: the poorer is a country, the more its income is overestimated by these measures. Consequently, international income inequality is underestimated by the same measures.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"58 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129519708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Education and particularly the higher education have the task not only to react to the quasi globalization trends, but rather to play a role in the development of desirable future society, leading to qualitative changes designed to preserve the identity of diverse communities and tolerance based on communication knowledge and understanding the interests of each participant in this process. Without claiming to discuss in a general register this topic (although very broad in its essence), I just tried to achieve a brief scan of the bidirectional impact of globalization - internationalization (whether as understood in the literature – Americanization, Europeanization, homogenization, diversification) it has in higher education. Of course, the approach was focused mainly on the effects of the opportunities of internationalization of global education they have or should have on higher education and research in Romania. This paper reviews the international realities of higher education for three important poles of the global space: U.S.A., Asia-Pacific and Europe until the beginning of the current financial crisis. Imagining a correspondance between the general profile of each region and the name of concepts of ludic space, I associated a certain notion (Monopoly, Dominoes and Puzzle) to each of the mentioned regions, arguing that associations by illustrating the most significant aspects of the transformations that flows globalization have forced regional systems analyzed. Considerations about the U.S. as a magnet for resources, China and the miracle of the structural reform of higher education, performance lessons that Japan offers to the world, the domino effect of novelty almost envied (Bologna process with all the innovation system) and traditional values (Humboldtian construction) in Europe, provides a summary of opinions and research of existing literature overflow. In this first part of the paper, analyzes are focused on the first two regions: USA and Asia-Pacific.
{"title":"Mundus Academicus – Arhitectura și Adaptarea La Fluxurile Globalizării (I) (Mundus Academicus: Architecture and Adaptation to Globalization Flows (I))","authors":"Constantin I. Hălăngescu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2154464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2154464","url":null,"abstract":"Education and particularly the higher education have the task not only to react to the quasi globalization trends, but rather to play a role in the development of desirable future society, leading to qualitative changes designed to preserve the identity of diverse communities and tolerance based on communication knowledge and understanding the interests of each participant in this process. Without claiming to discuss in a general register this topic (although very broad in its essence), I just tried to achieve a brief scan of the bidirectional impact of globalization - internationalization (whether as understood in the literature – Americanization, Europeanization, homogenization, diversification) it has in higher education. Of course, the approach was focused mainly on the effects of the opportunities of internationalization of global education they have or should have on higher education and research in Romania. This paper reviews the international realities of higher education for three important poles of the global space: U.S.A., Asia-Pacific and Europe until the beginning of the current financial crisis. Imagining a correspondance between the general profile of each region and the name of concepts of ludic space, I associated a certain notion (Monopoly, Dominoes and Puzzle) to each of the mentioned regions, arguing that associations by illustrating the most significant aspects of the transformations that flows globalization have forced regional systems analyzed. Considerations about the U.S. as a magnet for resources, China and the miracle of the structural reform of higher education, performance lessons that Japan offers to the world, the domino effect of novelty almost envied (Bologna process with all the innovation system) and traditional values (Humboldtian construction) in Europe, provides a summary of opinions and research of existing literature overflow. In this first part of the paper, analyzes are focused on the first two regions: USA and Asia-Pacific.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125232632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farrell and Shapiro proposed a simple test of the possible upward pricing pressure (UPP) following a merger. They showed that the test may give false negatives, that is, indicate that a merger may not give an UPP, while a more comprehensive test would indicate the opposite. We show that their test applied to a case with asymmetric firms may give false positives.
{"title":"A Note on Upward Pricing Pressure: The Possibility of False Positives","authors":"L. Mathiesen, Øivind A. Nilsen, Lars Sørgard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2071173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2071173","url":null,"abstract":"Farrell and Shapiro proposed a simple test of the possible upward pricing pressure (UPP) following a merger. They showed that the test may give false negatives, that is, indicate that a merger may not give an UPP, while a more comprehensive test would indicate the opposite. We show that their test applied to a case with asymmetric firms may give false positives.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127876832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In commercial fisheries, stock collapse is an intrinsic problem caused by overexploitation or due to pure stochasticity. To analyze the risk of stock collapse, we apply a relatively simple Monte Carlo approach which can capture complex stock dynamics. We use an economic model with downward sloping demand and stock dependent costs. First, we derive an optimal exploitation policy as a feedback control rule and analyze the effects of stochasticity. We observe that the stochastic solution is more conservative compared to the deterministic solution at low level of stochasticity. For moderate level of stochasticity, a more myopic exploitation is optimal at small stock and conservative at large stock level. For relatively high stochasticity, one should be myopic in exploitation. Then, we simulate the system forward in time with the optimal solution. In simulated paths, some stock recovered while others collapsed. From the simulation approach, we estimate the probability of stock collapse and characterize the long term stable region.
{"title":"Analyzing Risk of Stock Collapse in a Fishery Under Stochastic Profit Maximization","authors":"Diwakar Poudel, L. Sandal, S. Kvamsdal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2049784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2049784","url":null,"abstract":"In commercial fisheries, stock collapse is an intrinsic problem caused by overexploitation or due to pure stochasticity. To analyze the risk of stock collapse, we apply a relatively simple Monte Carlo approach which can capture complex stock dynamics. We use an economic model with downward sloping demand and stock dependent costs. First, we derive an optimal exploitation policy as a feedback control rule and analyze the effects of stochasticity. We observe that the stochastic solution is more conservative compared to the deterministic solution at low level of stochasticity. For moderate level of stochasticity, a more myopic exploitation is optimal at small stock and conservative at large stock level. For relatively high stochasticity, one should be myopic in exploitation. Then, we simulate the system forward in time with the optimal solution. In simulated paths, some stock recovered while others collapsed. From the simulation approach, we estimate the probability of stock collapse and characterize the long term stable region.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116679381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Cappelen, Knut Nygaard, Erik Ø. Sørensen, Bertil Tungodden
The debate between Engelmann and Strobel (2004, 2006) and Fehr, Naef, and Schmidt (2006) highlights the important question of the extent to which lab experiments on student populations can serve to identify the motivational forces present in society at large. We address this question by comparing the lab behavior of a student group and a non-student group, where the non-student group on all observable factors is almost identical to the representative adult population in Norway. All participants take part in exactly the same lab experiment. Our study shows that students may not be informative of the role of social preferences in the broader population. We nd that the representative participants differ fundamentally from students both in their level of selfishness and in the relative importance assigned to different moral motives. It is also interesting to note that while we do not find any substantial gender differences among the students, males and females in the representative group differ fundamentally in their moral motivation.
Engelmann and Strobel(2004, 2006)和Fehr, Naef and Schmidt(2006)之间的争论突出了一个重要的问题，即在多大程度上，对学生群体的实验室实验可以用来识别整个社会中存在的动机力量。我们通过比较学生组和非学生组的实验室行为来解决这个问题，其中非学生组在所有可观察因素上几乎与挪威代表性成年人口相同。所有参与者都参加了完全相同的实验室实验。我们的研究表明，学生可能无法了解社会偏好在更广泛的人群中所起的作用。我们发现，具有代表性的参与者与学生在自私程度和对不同道德动机的相对重要性方面存在根本差异。同样有趣的是，虽然我们没有发现学生之间存在任何实质性的性别差异，但代表性群体中的男性和女性在道德动机方面存在根本差异。
{"title":"Efficiency, Equality and Reciprocity in Social Preferences: A Comparison of Students and a Representative Population.","authors":"A. Cappelen, Knut Nygaard, Erik Ø. Sørensen, Bertil Tungodden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1708144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1708144","url":null,"abstract":"The debate between Engelmann and Strobel (2004, 2006) and Fehr, Naef, and Schmidt (2006) highlights the important question of the extent to which lab experiments on student populations can serve to identify the motivational forces present in society at large. We address this question by comparing the lab behavior of a student group and a non-student group, where the non-student group on all observable factors is almost identical to the representative adult population in Norway. All participants take part in exactly the same lab experiment. Our study shows that students may not be informative of the role of social preferences in the broader population. We nd that the representative participants differ fundamentally from students both in their level of selfishness and in the relative importance assigned to different moral motives. It is also interesting to note that while we do not find any substantial gender differences among the students, males and females in the representative group differ fundamentally in their moral motivation.","PeriodicalId":133518,"journal":{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131238037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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