The influence of the autonomic nervous system on the heart can be quantified by assessing changes in the heart rate variability (HRV) during orthostatic challenge and exercise. However, the combination of oscillatory lower body negative pressure (oLBNP) and isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) on HRV has not been previously investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of (oLBNP) at sympathetic (0.1 Hz) and parasympathetic (0.25 Hz) frequencies and IHE at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on HRV in normal healthy individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 18 healthy male subjects. Beat-to-beat blood pressure, lead-II electrocardiogram, and oLBNP chamber pressure were recorded continuously during oLBNP at 0.1 and 0.25 Hz for 3 min each and IHE at 30% of MVC (for 4 min) along with oLBNP at 0.1 or 0.25 Hz (oLBNP was added in last 3 min) each followed by HRV analysis. The oLBNP at 0.25 Hz reduced the root mean square of successive inter-beat (RR) interval differences significantly as compared to baseline values and came to normal during the recovery phase (P = 0.008). The absolute power of the high-frequency band (HF power), Poincaré plot standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1), and percentage of successive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) were also reduced significantly during oLBNP at 0.25 Hz and when IHE at 30% of MVC (IHE) was added to oLBNP at 0.25 Hz as compared to baseline (P < 0.05). oLBNP and IHE could be used as a non-invasive haemodynamic stressor to assess the neurocardiac axis and its mechanism of action during orthostatic stresses.
{"title":"Effect of oscillatory lower body negative pressure and isometric handgrip exercise on cardioautonomic tone of healthy individuals","authors":"Gagan K. Banodhe, H. Sharma, Kishore K. Deepak","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_553_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_553_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The influence of the autonomic nervous system on the heart can be quantified by assessing changes in the heart rate variability (HRV) during orthostatic challenge and exercise. However, the combination of oscillatory lower body negative pressure (oLBNP) and isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) on HRV has not been previously investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of (oLBNP) at sympathetic (0.1 Hz) and parasympathetic (0.25 Hz) frequencies and IHE at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on HRV in normal healthy individuals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We conducted a cross-sectional study on 18 healthy male subjects. Beat-to-beat blood pressure, lead-II electrocardiogram, and oLBNP chamber pressure were recorded continuously during oLBNP at 0.1 and 0.25 Hz for 3 min each and IHE at 30% of MVC (for 4 min) along with oLBNP at 0.1 or 0.25 Hz (oLBNP was added in last 3 min) each followed by HRV analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The oLBNP at 0.25 Hz reduced the root mean square of successive inter-beat (RR) interval differences significantly as compared to baseline values and came to normal during the recovery phase (P = 0.008). The absolute power of the high-frequency band (HF power), Poincaré plot standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1), and percentage of successive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) were also reduced significantly during oLBNP at 0.25 Hz and when IHE at 30% of MVC (IHE) was added to oLBNP at 0.25 Hz as compared to baseline (P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000oLBNP and IHE could be used as a non-invasive haemodynamic stressor to assess the neurocardiac axis and its mechanism of action during orthostatic stresses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"79 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonam Yadav, N. K. Nirmal, Hemant Gupta, Placheril J. John
In this study, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized through the sol-gel approach, characterized using X-ray diffraction and examined for their potential to induce acute neurotoxicity in rats. The average particle size was confirmed to be 110 ± 5 nm through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. An intraperitoneal injection of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of SNPs was administered twice over 24 h to rats, followed by autopsies 24 h later. Brain regions (cerebellum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum) were analyzed for changes in antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione-s-transferase [GST], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione reductase [GR] and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] levels) and neurotransmitter concentrations (acetylcholinestrase [AChE], dopamine, serotonin and nor-epinephrine). The activity of SOD, CAT and GST increased significantly in the high dose group, specifically in the hippocampus and corpus striatum. No significant change in GR activity was observed in any dose group. Significant alterations were observed in neurotransmitter concentrations in hippocampus and corpus striatum in rats treated with high dose. Overall, the outcomes derived from our research suggest that SNPs lead to dose-dependent oxidative harm and neurotoxic effects in different regions of brain.
{"title":"Silica nanoparticles: Chemical synthesis and acute neurotoxic study in Wistar rat","authors":"Sonam Yadav, N. K. Nirmal, Hemant Gupta, Placheril J. John","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_139_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_139_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this study, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized through the sol-gel approach, characterized using X-ray diffraction and examined for their potential to induce acute neurotoxicity in rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The average particle size was confirmed to be 110 ± 5 nm through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. An intraperitoneal injection of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of SNPs was administered twice over 24 h to rats, followed by autopsies 24 h later. Brain regions (cerebellum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum) were analyzed for changes in antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione-s-transferase [GST], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione reductase [GR] and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] levels) and neurotransmitter concentrations (acetylcholinestrase [AChE], dopamine, serotonin and nor-epinephrine).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The activity of SOD, CAT and GST increased significantly in the high dose group, specifically in the hippocampus and corpus striatum. No significant change in GR activity was observed in any dose group. Significant alterations were observed in neurotransmitter concentrations in hippocampus and corpus striatum in rats treated with high dose.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, the outcomes derived from our research suggest that SNPs lead to dose-dependent oxidative harm and neurotoxic effects in different regions of brain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as age-associated histological changes and adiposity in muscles that impair muscle function. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia suggested hand grip strength (HGS) and gait speed for screening sarcopenia. Troponin is a putative biomarker of muscle health. The study aims to evaluate Trop T, HGS, and waist circumference (WC) as markers of sarcopenic obesity in postmenopausal women. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy postmenopausal women. Anthropometric measurements, HGS, and gait speed were documented. Postmenopausal women were identified as sarcopenic obesity with the following criteria: (a) The cut-points for weak handgrip strength (kg) for women as <18 in Asians (b) WC ≥85 cm in women. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein (LDLc), and high sensitive troponin T levels were estimated in the automated biochemistry analyser. About 33% sarcopenic obesity was observed in postmenopausal women aged 56 to 60 years. WC (93 cm) and body mass index (29.64) were increased in sarcopenic obese. Decreased HGS (9.44 kg) and increased gait speed (13.62 s) were observed in sarcopenic obese as compared to non-sarcopenic obese women. Increased troponin T (0.068 ng/mL), small dense LDLc (mmol/L), LDLc, non-HDLc, and decreased HDLc were observed in sarcopenic obese postmenopausal women. Receiver’s operating characteristic curve: sensitivity of waist circumference, HGS, gait, and troponin T were 97% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.76), 83% (AUC 0.84), 82% (AUC 0.76) and 67% (AUC 0.77), respectively. Measurement of waist circumference, hand grip strength, and gait are diagnostic tools of sarcopenic obesity that divulges the quality of postmenopausal life.
{"title":"Trop T, hand grip strength and waist circumference as markers of sarcopenic obesity in postmenopausal women: An analytical cross-sectional study","authors":"Sheetal Sarangi, Arul Senghor K. A., V. V. M","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_510_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_510_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Sarcopenic obesity is defined as age-associated histological changes and adiposity in muscles that impair muscle function. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia suggested hand grip strength (HGS) and gait speed for screening sarcopenia. Troponin is a putative biomarker of muscle health. The study aims to evaluate Trop T, HGS, and waist circumference (WC) as markers of sarcopenic obesity in postmenopausal women.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy postmenopausal women. Anthropometric measurements, HGS, and gait speed were documented. Postmenopausal women were identified as sarcopenic obesity with the following criteria: (a) The cut-points for weak handgrip strength (kg) for women as <18 in Asians (b) WC ≥85 cm in women. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein (LDLc), and high sensitive troponin T levels were estimated in the automated biochemistry analyser.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000About 33% sarcopenic obesity was observed in postmenopausal women aged 56 to 60 years. WC (93 cm) and body mass index (29.64) were increased in sarcopenic obese. Decreased HGS (9.44 kg) and increased gait speed (13.62 s) were observed in sarcopenic obese as compared to non-sarcopenic obese women. Increased troponin T (0.068 ng/mL), small dense LDLc (mmol/L), LDLc, non-HDLc, and decreased HDLc were observed in sarcopenic obese postmenopausal women. Receiver’s operating characteristic curve: sensitivity of waist circumference, HGS, gait, and troponin T were 97% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.76), 83% (AUC 0.84), 82% (AUC 0.76) and 67% (AUC 0.77), respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Measurement of waist circumference, hand grip strength, and gait are diagnostic tools of sarcopenic obesity that divulges the quality of postmenopausal life.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forced shift to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic posed several challenges to Indian nursing education, especially with a complex subject like physiology. The objective of the study was to assess the apprehensions, expectations, and challenges perceived by nursing students and physiology faculty about the online mode of learning physiology, to evaluate the utility of reinforcement measures during the constraints of the pandemic, and to compare the online, offline, and blended modes. First-year nursing students (n = 100) underwent online and blended modes of physiology learning, with added reinforcement measures, during the pandemic. Beginning, mid, and end of course feedback was taken from students on the expectations and perceptions of the online mode. Feedback was obtained from students and faculty to understand the strengths and challenges of both modes. Quantitative data of student feedback were analysed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. Thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data. Objective measures of student performance were compared using unpaired t-tests. Online learning was perceived to be more difficult than anticipated by students. ‘Comfort’ in learning and ‘time management’ were the major strengths, while ‘reduced internet connectivity,’ ‘lack of interactions’ and ‘health issues’ were the biggest challenges expressed by students and faculty. The planned reinforcement measures were ‘sometimes’ helpful in revising and improving students’ confidence. The final summative assessment scores of students showed a better performance compared to the preceding academic batch. Students and faculty expressed some advantages and several disadvantages of online learning. They preferred offline or well-designed blended learning. The reinforcement measures seemed to aid student learning. The objective measures of assessment showed that students adapted well to the online mode. A model for blended learning for 1st-year nursing education, that utilises the advantages of both modes of learning, has been proposed, which requires further validation.
{"title":"Online physiology teaching for nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic – strengths, challenges and reinforcement measures","authors":"Savitha D, Susan Kumar, Taniya Anto","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_304_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_304_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The forced shift to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic posed several challenges to Indian nursing education, especially with a complex subject like physiology. The objective of the study was to assess the apprehensions, expectations, and challenges perceived by nursing students and physiology faculty about the online mode of learning physiology, to evaluate the utility of reinforcement measures during the constraints of the pandemic, and to compare the online, offline, and blended modes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000First-year nursing students (n = 100) underwent online and blended modes of physiology learning, with added reinforcement measures, during the pandemic. Beginning, mid, and end of course feedback was taken from students on the expectations and perceptions of the online mode. Feedback was obtained from students and faculty to understand the strengths and challenges of both modes. Quantitative data of student feedback were analysed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. Thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data. Objective measures of student performance were compared using unpaired t-tests.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Online learning was perceived to be more difficult than anticipated by students. ‘Comfort’ in learning and ‘time management’ were the major strengths, while ‘reduced internet connectivity,’ ‘lack of interactions’ and ‘health issues’ were the biggest challenges expressed by students and faculty. The planned reinforcement measures were ‘sometimes’ helpful in revising and improving students’ confidence. The final summative assessment scores of students showed a better performance compared to the preceding academic batch.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Students and faculty expressed some advantages and several disadvantages of online learning. They preferred offline or well-designed blended learning. The reinforcement measures seemed to aid student learning. The objective measures of assessment showed that students adapted well to the online mode. A model for blended learning for 1st-year nursing education, that utilises the advantages of both modes of learning, has been proposed, which requires further validation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"102 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pankhita Ghai, Dipti Magan, J. Aneja, Himanshu Sharma, Aarthi Choudhary
The understanding of the relationship between alcohol-related neuropathology, cognitive impairment, and various factors such as alcohol consumption, thiamine levels, and age vulnerability is still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of alcohol dependence on cognitive performance in middle-aged men with psycho-biochemical evidence. A cross-sectional pilot study with a comparison group including 82 right-handed participants with and without alcohol dependence (n = 41 each). Alcohol dependence was diagnosed clinically by the International Classification of Disease Tenth Edition along with the use of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) and cognitive screening tests, that is, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The serum levels of thiamine (Vitamin B1) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MoCA scores, MMSE scores, and serum thiamine levels were significantly low for alcohol-dependent men (1509.43 ± 898.63 pmol/L) versus non-alcohol-dependent men (1862.81 ± 741.30 pmol/L; P = 0.021). The cognitive sub-domains including orientation, execution, calculation, visuoconstructional skills, and recall functions were also significantly (P < 0.05) affected for the alcohol-dependent patients when compared to non-alcohol-dependent men. Serum thiamine levels showed a positive (P < 0.05) correlation with MoCA scores whereas serum thiamine levels showed a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation with AUDIT scores. Based on the significant positive association between serum thiamine levels with MoCA scores; therefore, both may be used as a screening tool for the early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence.
{"title":"Effect of alcohol-dependence on cognitive performance in middle-aged men: Preliminary results","authors":"Pankhita Ghai, Dipti Magan, J. Aneja, Himanshu Sharma, Aarthi Choudhary","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_96_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_96_2023","url":null,"abstract":"The understanding of the relationship between alcohol-related neuropathology, cognitive impairment, and various factors such as alcohol consumption, thiamine levels, and age vulnerability is still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of alcohol dependence on cognitive performance in middle-aged men with psycho-biochemical evidence. A cross-sectional pilot study with a comparison group including 82 right-handed participants with and without alcohol dependence (n = 41 each). Alcohol dependence was diagnosed clinically by the International Classification of Disease Tenth Edition along with the use of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) and cognitive screening tests, that is, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The serum levels of thiamine (Vitamin B1) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MoCA scores, MMSE scores, and serum thiamine levels were significantly low for alcohol-dependent men (1509.43 ± 898.63 pmol/L) versus non-alcohol-dependent men (1862.81 ± 741.30 pmol/L; P = 0.021). The cognitive sub-domains including orientation, execution, calculation, visuoconstructional skills, and recall functions were also significantly (P < 0.05) affected for the alcohol-dependent patients when compared to non-alcohol-dependent men. Serum thiamine levels showed a positive (P < 0.05) correlation with MoCA scores whereas serum thiamine levels showed a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation with AUDIT scores. Based on the significant positive association between serum thiamine levels with MoCA scores; therefore, both may be used as a screening tool for the early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Curcumin has a protective role in endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) production in animal models of different diseases; however, the role of curcumin on aortic reactivity in rats placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether oral curcumin phytosome supplementation can reduce adiposity and enhance endothelial function. Rats were assigned to one of three groups: normal diet (ND), HFD for 20 weeks, and HFD supplemented with curcumin phytosome (HFD + Curcumin). Anthropometric measures were recorded weekly for the three groups, until the end of the feeding regimen. After 20 weeks of feeding on HFD, myographic investigations were conducted on thoracic aortic rings dissected from HFD and HFD + Curcumin rats. The response to high potassium chloride (KCl), incremental doses of phenylephrine (Phe) before and after L-NAME treatment, acetylcholine (ACh), or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), was evaluated. ACh-induced relaxation was also assessed in HFD + Curcumin rats, after preincubation with chromium III-mesoporhyrin. HFD rats exhibited increased adiposity measures, some of which were negatively correlated with vasorelaxation response to ACh. HFD + Curcumin rats had reduced anthropometric measures, compared to HFD rats. Aortic rings from HFD and HFD + Curcumin rats exhibited comparable contractile responses to KCl and Phe. The difference in contractile response to Phe before and after L-NAME incubation was greater for HFD + Curcumin rats. ACh induced greater vasorelaxant responses in HFD + Curcumin rats. There was no group difference in the relaxant response to SNP. In HD + Curcumin rats, chromium III mesoporphyrin significantly reduced ACh-induced relaxations. Oral curcumin phytosome supplementation could reduce adiposity in rats placed on an HFD and may have enhanced basal and stimulated NO release from the endothelium, and heme oxygenase-1 may partly mediate this curcumin protective role. This study provides evidence that this curcumin formulation, taken as a daily supplement, may be effective in providing some protection against adiposity-associated adverse cardiovascular disorders.
姜黄素在不同疾病的动物模型中对内皮功能和一氧化氮（NO）的产生具有保护作用；然而，姜黄素对高脂饮食（HFD）大鼠主动脉反应性的作用仍不清楚。本研究旨在确定口服姜黄素植物胶囊是否能减少脂肪并增强内皮功能。 研究人员将大鼠分为三组：正常饮食组（ND）、连续 20 周高脂肪饮食组（HFD）和补充姜黄素植物胶囊的高脂肪饮食组（HFD + 姜黄素）。每周记录三组动物的人体测量数据，直至喂养方案结束。喂食高纤维食物20周后，对从高纤维食物组和高纤维食物组+姜黄素组大鼠身上剖开的胸主动脉环进行肌电图检查。评估了大鼠对高氯化钾（KCl）、L-NAME 处理前后递增剂量的苯肾上腺素（Phe）、乙酰胆碱（ACh）或硝普钠（SNP）的反应。在使用铬Ⅲ-甲氧苄啶预孵育后，还评估了乙酰胆碱（ACh）诱导的 HFD + 姜黄素大鼠的松弛作用。 高脂饮食大鼠的脂肪含量增加，其中一些指标与血管对 ACh 的舒张反应呈负相关。与高脂饮食大鼠相比，高脂饮食+姜黄素大鼠的人体测量指标有所下降。高脂饮食大鼠和高脂饮食+姜黄素大鼠的主动脉环对氯化钾和Phe的收缩反应相当。HFD +姜黄素大鼠在L-NAME孵育前后对Phe的收缩反应差异更大。ACh 在 HFD + 姜黄素大鼠中诱导了更大的血管舒张反应。对 SNP 的松弛反应没有组间差异。在 HD + 姜黄素大鼠中，铬 III 间卟啉能显著降低 ACh 诱导的松弛反应。 口服姜黄素植物胶囊可减少高脂饮食大鼠的脂肪含量，并可能增强内皮的基础和刺激性 NO 释放，而血红素加氧酶-1 可能部分介导了姜黄素的这种保护作用。这项研究提供的证据表明，姜黄素制剂作为一种日常补充剂，可有效防止与脂肪相关的不良心血管疾病。
{"title":"Oral curcumin phytosome supplementation improves anthropometric measures of adiposity and enhances endothelial function in rats on a high-fat-diet regimen","authors":"R. A. Razzak, Mohammad Nadir Khan, A. Marwani","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_537_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_537_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin has a protective role in endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) production in animal models of different diseases; however, the role of curcumin on aortic reactivity in rats placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether oral curcumin phytosome supplementation can reduce adiposity and enhance endothelial function. Rats were assigned to one of three groups: normal diet (ND), HFD for 20 weeks, and HFD supplemented with curcumin phytosome (HFD + Curcumin). Anthropometric measures were recorded weekly for the three groups, until the end of the feeding regimen. After 20 weeks of feeding on HFD, myographic investigations were conducted on thoracic aortic rings dissected from HFD and HFD + Curcumin rats. The response to high potassium chloride (KCl), incremental doses of phenylephrine (Phe) before and after L-NAME treatment, acetylcholine (ACh), or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), was evaluated. ACh-induced relaxation was also assessed in HFD + Curcumin rats, after preincubation with chromium III-mesoporhyrin. HFD rats exhibited increased adiposity measures, some of which were negatively correlated with vasorelaxation response to ACh. HFD + Curcumin rats had reduced anthropometric measures, compared to HFD rats. Aortic rings from HFD and HFD + Curcumin rats exhibited comparable contractile responses to KCl and Phe. The difference in contractile response to Phe before and after L-NAME incubation was greater for HFD + Curcumin rats. ACh induced greater vasorelaxant responses in HFD + Curcumin rats. There was no group difference in the relaxant response to SNP. In HD + Curcumin rats, chromium III mesoporphyrin significantly reduced ACh-induced relaxations. Oral curcumin phytosome supplementation could reduce adiposity in rats placed on an HFD and may have enhanced basal and stimulated NO release from the endothelium, and heme oxygenase-1 may partly mediate this curcumin protective role. This study provides evidence that this curcumin formulation, taken as a daily supplement, may be effective in providing some protection against adiposity-associated adverse cardiovascular disorders.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Newmei, M. P. Reddy, D. Dass, Vivek Singh, Swarup Naik, G. Bhaumik
Our primary objective is to observe whether acclimatisation is elicited by the intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) protocol. For this, we have utilised performance in a 6-min walk test (6MWT) as a tool to assess physiological responses to high altitude (HA) both in control and IHE-exposed groups, respectively. The study was a prospective cohort study conducted on Indian army volunteers (n = 57) and they were divided into two groups, a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). At the sea level, a baseline study was carried out on barometric pressure. IHE was performed at sea level in the normobaric hypoxia chamber (low fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], at normal barometric pressure, 740 mmHg), in which the FiO2 of the chamber was artificially decreased using O2-filtering membranes. The oxygen percentage was constantly maintained at 12%-13%. After recording the baseline, the subjects were exposed to a normobaric hypoxia chamber at 12%-13% FiO2 (altitude – equivalent to 4350 m Approx). Heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were recorded with a battery-operated portable BP monitor (OMRON) at both locations. A finger pulse oximeter probe was set on the right index finger to measure the resting oxygen saturation (SpO2) level (Model MU 300). Incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) was scored with the help of the standard Lake Louise questionnaire (LLS). Total LLS scores more than >3 (range 0–15) were considered AMS. EG individuals that went through IHE performed better at 6MWT at Stage I (P = 0.03). EG also had better SpO2, levels as compared to CG (P = 0.00) at Stage II (P = 0.03). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the Borg’s Scale between CG and EG. The Delta SpO2 of EG was better as compared to CG in all stages, albeit not significant (P = 0.07). There was a significant difference between IHE and CG groups, and CG was at an increased risk for lower SpO2 (8.00 [1.21–52.60], P = 0.03). The findings elucidate the benefits of IHE in rapid acclimatisation, and it contributed to better distance covered as shown by 6MWT as well and reduces hypoxic incidents in HA.
{"title":"Intermittent hypoxia exposure at sea level improves functional capacity (6MWT) at high altitude","authors":"M. Newmei, M. P. Reddy, D. Dass, Vivek Singh, Swarup Naik, G. Bhaumik","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_579_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_579_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Our primary objective is to observe whether acclimatisation is elicited by the intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) protocol. For this, we have utilised performance in a 6-min walk test (6MWT) as a tool to assess physiological responses to high altitude (HA) both in control and IHE-exposed groups, respectively. The study was a prospective cohort study conducted on Indian army volunteers (n = 57) and they were divided into two groups, a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). At the sea level, a baseline study was carried out on barometric pressure. IHE was performed at sea level in the normobaric hypoxia chamber (low fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], at normal barometric pressure, 740 mmHg), in which the FiO2 of the chamber was artificially decreased using O2-filtering membranes. The oxygen percentage was constantly maintained at 12%-13%. After recording the baseline, the subjects were exposed to a normobaric hypoxia chamber at 12%-13% FiO2 (altitude – equivalent to 4350 m Approx). Heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were recorded with a battery-operated portable BP monitor (OMRON) at both locations. A finger pulse oximeter probe was set on the right index finger to measure the resting oxygen saturation (SpO2) level (Model MU 300). Incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) was scored with the help of the standard Lake Louise questionnaire (LLS). Total LLS scores more than >3 (range 0–15) were considered AMS. EG individuals that went through IHE performed better at 6MWT at Stage I (P = 0.03). EG also had better SpO2, levels as compared to CG (P = 0.00) at Stage II (P = 0.03). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the Borg’s Scale between CG and EG. The Delta SpO2 of EG was better as compared to CG in all stages, albeit not significant (P = 0.07). There was a significant difference between IHE and CG groups, and CG was at an increased risk for lower SpO2 (8.00 [1.21–52.60], P = 0.03). The findings elucidate the benefits of IHE in rapid acclimatisation, and it contributed to better distance covered as shown by 6MWT as well and reduces hypoxic incidents in HA.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subham Samantaray, Prabhu Natesan, Rajalakshmi Rajasegaran, G. Gaur, B. Dubashi
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment is a gruesome outcome of chemotherapy among breast cancer survivors. Electroencephalogram (EEG) power measurement is a known sensitive neurophysiologic correlate of cancer treatment-related cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study was to assess the changes in specific quantitative EEG markers of cognition among breast cancer patients before, immediately, and three months after chemotherapy. Twenty-three women planning to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer underwent EEG assessment before, immediately, and three months after chemotherapy. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. Post hoc pairwise comparison was done with Bonferroni correction to determine the pair in which the difference existed. A significant increase in resting state EEG total power was observed (P = 0.012) after chemotherapy in the frontal area. The relative alpha power (RAP) significantly decreased with chemotherapy (P = 0.039), with post hoc pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction revealing the significant decline to be present immediately after chemotherapy (P = 0.036) only over the posterior channels. Furthermore, the alpha-to-theta ratio (ATR) over posterior areas decreased (P = 0.012) both after completion of chemotherapy (P = 0.039) as well as three months after chemotherapy (P = 0.048). However, similar changes were not observed over frontal areas. Chemotherapy induces enhanced frontal power with a coincidental decline in RAP and ATR in the posterior areas.
{"title":"Curative intent chemotherapy-induced alterations in specific qEEG markers of cognition in patients with breast cancer","authors":"Subham Samantaray, Prabhu Natesan, Rajalakshmi Rajasegaran, G. Gaur, B. Dubashi","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_465_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_465_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment is a gruesome outcome of chemotherapy among breast cancer survivors. Electroencephalogram (EEG) power measurement is a known sensitive neurophysiologic correlate of cancer treatment-related cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study was to assess the changes in specific quantitative EEG markers of cognition among breast cancer patients before, immediately, and three months after chemotherapy. Twenty-three women planning to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer underwent EEG assessment before, immediately, and three months after chemotherapy. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. Post hoc pairwise comparison was done with Bonferroni correction to determine the pair in which the difference existed. A significant increase in resting state EEG total power was observed (P = 0.012) after chemotherapy in the frontal area. The relative alpha power (RAP) significantly decreased with chemotherapy (P = 0.039), with post hoc pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction revealing the significant decline to be present immediately after chemotherapy (P = 0.036) only over the posterior channels. Furthermore, the alpha-to-theta ratio (ATR) over posterior areas decreased (P = 0.012) both after completion of chemotherapy (P = 0.039) as well as three months after chemotherapy (P = 0.048). However, similar changes were not observed over frontal areas. Chemotherapy induces enhanced frontal power with a coincidental decline in RAP and ATR in the posterior areas.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"35 S144","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuchita Singh, M. B. Mandal, Devarshi Dixit, Parul Sharma
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is abundantly present in the gut of mammals. The extent to which it contributes to the contraction of the neonatal gut requires further investigation. This study aimed to assess the effect of 5-HT on the contractions of the large intestine in newborn albino rats. The colon and rectum samples were collected from neonatal and adult albino rats for analysis. Further, in an organ bath, isometric contractions of these isolated gut segments were recorded, in vitro, using a force transducer and a computerised chart recorder, with and without 5-HT in different groups. The 5-HT-induced contractions were also recorded in gut segments pre-treated with various antagonists. 5-HT (0.01–10 μM) caused a significantly (P < 0.05) greater contractile response (g/g wet tissue) in neonate rats as compared to adults. The response was greater in the rectum as compared to the colon in both neonates and adults. In neonate rats, ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, could not block the 5-HT-induced large gut contractions, while, in adult rats, it significantly blocked the 5-HT-evoked gut contractility. Methysergide, a 5-HT1/2/5-7 antagonist, blocked the response in both the adult and neonate rectum. The 5-HT-evoked response is mediated through 5-HT3 receptor subtypes in adults but not in neonate colon and rectum, indicating possible changes in the distribution of 5-HT receptors in the colon and rectum during development. Furthermore, atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic blocker) and hexamethonium (a ganglion blocker) could not affect the 5-HT-evoked responses in the neonate or adult rats’ colons or rectum. The effect of 5-HT did not appear to involve cholinergic or enteric ganglionic elements.
{"title":"5-hydroxytryptamine-evoked contractile activity of large gut in neonatal albino rats","authors":"Shuchita Singh, M. B. Mandal, Devarshi Dixit, Parul Sharma","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_519_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_519_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is abundantly present in the gut of mammals. The extent to which it contributes to the contraction of the neonatal gut requires further investigation. This study aimed to assess the effect of 5-HT on the contractions of the large intestine in newborn albino rats. The colon and rectum samples were collected from neonatal and adult albino rats for analysis. Further, in an organ bath, isometric contractions of these isolated gut segments were recorded, in vitro, using a force transducer and a computerised chart recorder, with and without 5-HT in different groups. The 5-HT-induced contractions were also recorded in gut segments pre-treated with various antagonists. 5-HT (0.01–10 μM) caused a significantly (P < 0.05) greater contractile response (g/g wet tissue) in neonate rats as compared to adults. The response was greater in the rectum as compared to the colon in both neonates and adults. In neonate rats, ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, could not block the 5-HT-induced large gut contractions, while, in adult rats, it significantly blocked the 5-HT-evoked gut contractility. Methysergide, a 5-HT1/2/5-7 antagonist, blocked the response in both the adult and neonate rectum. The 5-HT-evoked response is mediated through 5-HT3 receptor subtypes in adults but not in neonate colon and rectum, indicating possible changes in the distribution of 5-HT receptors in the colon and rectum during development. Furthermore, atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic blocker) and hexamethonium (a ganglion blocker) could not affect the 5-HT-evoked responses in the neonate or adult rats’ colons or rectum. The effect of 5-HT did not appear to involve cholinergic or enteric ganglionic elements.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quantity, quantity, and timing of basic sciences teaching in the context of clinical learning have been a debatable issue for a long time. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the teaching framework of basic sciences in undergraduate medical education. The publications were collected through online searches according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three reviewers analysed the data and arrived at a conclusion to select 90 publications. These publications were analysed thoroughly to classify them into ten categories of basic sciences teaching frameworks. Content analysis of these publications was done for comparison across publications. The reviewer’s rate of agreement for their conclusions varied between 89 and 94% for different phases of analysis. The most common category was ‘Integration’ (29%), followed by ‘Problem-based/Case base learning’ (18%) and ‘Mixed-methods approach’ (14%). The strategies being used in basic sciences teaching were mostly learner centred (68.9%). The review of basic sciences teaching frameworks in our study indicates that various frameworks of basic sciences teaching are being used in various medical schools throughout the world. The pattern of these frameworks can contribute to effective policy-making for improving basic sciences teaching.
{"title":"Teaching framework of basic sciences in medical curriculum: A literature review","authors":"D. K. Badyal","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_266_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_266_2023","url":null,"abstract":"The quantity, quantity, and timing of basic sciences teaching in the context of clinical learning have been a debatable issue for a long time. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the teaching framework of basic sciences in undergraduate medical education. The publications were collected through online searches according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three reviewers analysed the data and arrived at a conclusion to select 90 publications. These publications were analysed thoroughly to classify them into ten categories of basic sciences teaching frameworks. Content analysis of these publications was done for comparison across publications. The reviewer’s rate of agreement for their conclusions varied between 89 and 94% for different phases of analysis. The most common category was ‘Integration’ (29%), followed by ‘Problem-based/Case base learning’ (18%) and ‘Mixed-methods approach’ (14%). The strategies being used in basic sciences teaching were mostly learner centred (68.9%). The review of basic sciences teaching frameworks in our study indicates that various frameworks of basic sciences teaching are being used in various medical schools throughout the world. The pattern of these frameworks can contribute to effective policy-making for improving basic sciences teaching.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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