Micro and macrovasculopathy are common complications of undertreated or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. One of the underlying factors of macrovasculopathy is arterial stiffness, which may lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Understandably, diabetic micro and macrovasculopathy affect vital functions, which may affect the well-being of the individual. However, few studies have attempted to determine arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and lipid profile separately in South Asian population and examined its associations with T2DM. Moreover, there is a need to understand the mechanistic links among cardiovascular risk factors. This forms the basis of the present study. T2DM patients of 53–62 years and age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were recruited in the cross-sectional and observational study (n = 30 each, eight women). Anthropometric measurements, physiological parameters such as resting heart rate, peripheral blood pressure (PBP), central blood pressure (CBP), augmentation index% (AIx%), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and lead II ECG for analysis of heart rate variability parameters were recorded after obtaining the consent of the study participants. The lipid profile and fasting blood glucose were also analysed. Peripheral systolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P = 0.05) in T2DM patients. Dyslipidaemia was evident in T2DM patients. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was also significantly higher in T2DM patients. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between AIx% with PBP and CBP as well as between AIP index and central systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. AIP index was found to be negatively associated with HF (nu). Serum TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and AIP index have emerged as significant independent predictors of T2DM vasculopathy by multiple regression analysis. In the present study, atherogenic dyslipidaemia was observed in T2DM patients in combination with increased serum levels of TG, VLDL-C and decreased serum levels of HDL-C. Moreover, AIP index, a predictor cardiovascular risk, was found to be significantly higher in T2DM patients. Dyslipidaemia was found to be associated with dysregulation of autonomic nervous system in those patients. A positive association between noninvasive, surrogate markers of arterial stiffness with PBP and CBP indicates that enhanced arterial stiffness may elevate systemic arterial pressure. Therefore, early screening of T2DM patients for the estimation of serum lipid profile, arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic neuropathy may be performed to unravel diabetic vasculopathy.
{"title":"A correlation study of arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic neuropathy and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"M. Kar, N. Priyadarsini, Kishore Behera","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_339_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_339_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Micro and macrovasculopathy are common complications of undertreated or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. One of the underlying factors of macrovasculopathy is arterial stiffness, which may lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Understandably, diabetic micro and macrovasculopathy affect vital functions, which may affect the well-being of the individual. However, few studies have attempted to determine arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and lipid profile separately in South Asian population and examined its associations with T2DM. Moreover, there is a need to understand the mechanistic links among cardiovascular risk factors. This forms the basis of the present study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000T2DM patients of 53–62 years and age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were recruited in the cross-sectional and observational study (n = 30 each, eight women). Anthropometric measurements, physiological parameters such as resting heart rate, peripheral blood pressure (PBP), central blood pressure (CBP), augmentation index% (AIx%), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and lead II ECG for analysis of heart rate variability parameters were recorded after obtaining the consent of the study participants. The lipid profile and fasting blood glucose were also analysed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Peripheral systolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P = 0.05) in T2DM patients. Dyslipidaemia was evident in T2DM patients. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was also significantly higher in T2DM patients. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between AIx% with PBP and CBP as well as between AIP index and central systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. AIP index was found to be negatively associated with HF (nu). Serum TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and AIP index have emerged as significant independent predictors of T2DM vasculopathy by multiple regression analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present study, atherogenic dyslipidaemia was observed in T2DM patients in combination with increased serum levels of TG, VLDL-C and decreased serum levels of HDL-C. Moreover, AIP index, a predictor cardiovascular risk, was found to be significantly higher in T2DM patients. Dyslipidaemia was found to be associated with dysregulation of autonomic nervous system in those patients. A positive association between noninvasive, surrogate markers of arterial stiffness with PBP and CBP indicates that enhanced arterial stiffness may elevate systemic arterial pressure. Therefore, early screening of T2DM patients for the estimation of serum lipid profile, arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic neuropathy may be performed to unravel diabetic vasculopathy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trait emotional intelligence (TEI) is a key personality construct by which an individual recognizes, understands, expresses and regulates emotions in self and others to adapt to environments or achieve one’s goals. TEI skills are modifiable and have a potential to significantly influence psychological health (PH) of a person. The aims of current work were to evaluate relationship between TEI and PH of medical students and to explore the incremental validity of TEI to predict psychological distress beyond sociodemographic and educational factors in them. One hundred and thirty-two medical students (mean age 18.02 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. TEI and PH were assessed using TEI questionnaire short form (TEIQue-sf) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine if scores on TEIQue-sf added significantly to the prediction of psychological symptoms in medical students. There was a significant negative association (r = −0.57, P < 0.001) between TEIQue-sf and DASS-21 scores. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for sociodemographic and educational variables, TEIQue-sf scores explained a statistically significant increment of variance (P < 0.001) in DASS-21 scores. TEI emerged as best predictor of psychological distress of medical students followed by educational factors. However, sociodemographic profile as an attribute failed to demonstrate significant capacity to predict PH of our participants. Our results indicate that TEI is a robust and unique predictor of better PH and plays a positive role in promoting psychological well-being.
特质情商(TEI)是个体识别、理解、表达和调节自我和他人情绪以适应环境或实现目标的关键人格结构。TEI技能是可以改变的，有可能显著影响一个人的心理健康(PH)。本研究旨在探讨医学生TEI与PH的关系，并探讨TEI在预测医学生心理困扰方面的增量效度。132名医学生(平均年龄18.02岁)参与本横断面研究。采用TEI问卷简表(TEIQue-sf)和抑郁、焦虑和压力量表(DASS-21)分别评估TEI和PH。采用分层多元回归分析确定TEIQue-sf评分是否对医学生心理症状有显著预测作用。TEIQue-sf与DASS-21评分呈显著负相关(r = - 0.57, P < 0.001)。分层回归分析显示，在控制了社会人口统计学和教育变量后，TEIQue-sf分数解释了DASS-21分数方差的统计学显著增加(P < 0.001)。TEI是医学生心理困扰的最佳预测因子，其次是教育因素。然而，社会人口特征作为一种属性未能证明预测参与者PH的显著能力。我们的研究结果表明，TEI是一个强大的和独特的预测更好的PH，并在促进心理健康方面发挥积极作用。
{"title":"Trait emotional intelligence as predictor of psychological health in undergraduate medical students: A hierarchical multiple regression approach","authors":"Preeti Jain, P. Jain","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_145_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_145_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Trait emotional intelligence (TEI) is a key personality construct by which an individual recognizes, understands, expresses and regulates emotions in self and others to adapt to environments or achieve one’s goals. TEI skills are modifiable and have a potential to significantly influence psychological health (PH) of a person. The aims of current work were to evaluate relationship between TEI and PH of medical students and to explore the incremental validity of TEI to predict psychological distress beyond sociodemographic and educational factors in them.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000One hundred and thirty-two medical students (mean age 18.02 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. TEI and PH were assessed using TEI questionnaire short form (TEIQue-sf) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine if scores on TEIQue-sf added significantly to the prediction of psychological symptoms in medical students.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There was a significant negative association (r = −0.57, P < 0.001) between TEIQue-sf and DASS-21 scores. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for sociodemographic and educational variables, TEIQue-sf scores explained a statistically significant increment of variance (P < 0.001) in DASS-21 scores. TEI emerged as best predictor of psychological distress of medical students followed by educational factors. However, sociodemographic profile as an attribute failed to demonstrate significant capacity to predict PH of our participants.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our results indicate that TEI is a robust and unique predictor of better PH and plays a positive role in promoting psychological well-being.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69543796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Web-based learning is becoming a newly accepted standard in education, more so with COVID-19 pandemic. To use technology to redesign learning experiences, a blend of synchronous and asynchronous approaches was used wherein the routine lectures through MS Teams (synchronous) were integrated with an online learning management system (LMS), ‘Moodle’ (modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment) based, four-quadrant approach (asynchronous). We aimed to determine the student’s engagement, performance and perception of the new online LMS. All 170 students of the 1st year MBBS of batch 2020 were enrolled in the course. A module was developed for teaching ‘Physiology of Vision’ with this blended approach. Along with routine online lectures through Microsoft Teams, supplementary materials in the form of multimedia presentations and additional links to useful websites were provided through online LMS. The online activity of students was recorded and assessments were done. A feedback form was filled out by students at the end of the course. A significant positive correlation of examination scores with individual student’s activity logs and significantly better scores in top Moodle users along with significantly higher marks in Moodle-based modules than in other modules confirmed the value of Moodle in improving student performance. Overall feedback from students was clearly in favour of implementing Moodle as a complementary tool to traditional teaching. Moodle improved the quality of learning. It developed interest and motivation among students and has a positive impact on academic outcomes.
{"title":"Implementation of the online learning management system ‘Moodle’ as a blended approach to online teaching","authors":"Shilpi Goyal, F. Khaliq, N. Vaney","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_208_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_208_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Web-based learning is becoming a newly accepted standard in education, more so with COVID-19 pandemic. To use technology to redesign learning experiences, a blend of synchronous and asynchronous approaches was used wherein the routine lectures through MS Teams (synchronous) were integrated with an online learning management system (LMS), ‘Moodle’ (modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment) based, four-quadrant approach (asynchronous). We aimed to determine the student’s engagement, performance and perception of the new online LMS.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All 170 students of the 1st year MBBS of batch 2020 were enrolled in the course. A module was developed for teaching ‘Physiology of Vision’ with this blended approach. Along with routine online lectures through Microsoft Teams, supplementary materials in the form of multimedia presentations and additional links to useful websites were provided through online LMS. The online activity of students was recorded and assessments were done. A feedback form was filled out by students at the end of the course.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A significant positive correlation of examination scores with individual student’s activity logs and significantly better scores in top Moodle users along with significantly higher marks in Moodle-based modules than in other modules confirmed the value of Moodle in improving student performance. Overall feedback from students was clearly in favour of implementing Moodle as a complementary tool to traditional teaching.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Moodle improved the quality of learning. It developed interest and motivation among students and has a positive impact on academic outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Soeda, Mizue Kinoshita, Yoshiko Fujieda, K. Takahama
Centrally-acting antitussives with inhibitory effects on G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels have been shown to also inhibit methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice. In this study, we examined if cloperastine, which is the most potent inhibitor of the GIRK channels among antitussives, is sensitive to the expression levels of GIRK channels in the brain of methamphetamine-treated mice. The brain tissues have been removed and the total RNA has been extracted from tissues. The mRNA levels were evaluated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The concentration levels of the mRNA of GIRK channels within the ventral midbrain of methamphetamine-treated mice increased as compared with that in control and cloperastine reduced an upregulation in GIRK2, one of the subunits of the GIRK channels, by the injection of methamphetamine. These findings suggest that cloperastine might ameliorate hyperactivity by inhibiting the GIRK channels in the brain.
{"title":"Effects of cloperastine, a non-narcotic antitussive, on the expression of GIRK channels in the brain of methamphetamine-induced hyperactive mice","authors":"F. Soeda, Mizue Kinoshita, Yoshiko Fujieda, K. Takahama","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_337_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_337_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Centrally-acting antitussives with inhibitory effects on G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels have been shown to also inhibit methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice. In this study, we examined if cloperastine, which is the most potent inhibitor of the GIRK channels among antitussives, is sensitive to the expression levels of GIRK channels in the brain of methamphetamine-treated mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The brain tissues have been removed and the total RNA has been extracted from tissues. The mRNA levels were evaluated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The concentration levels of the mRNA of GIRK channels within the ventral midbrain of methamphetamine-treated mice increased as compared with that in control and cloperastine reduced an upregulation in GIRK2, one of the subunits of the GIRK channels, by the injection of methamphetamine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings suggest that cloperastine might ameliorate hyperactivity by inhibiting the GIRK channels in the brain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45641660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Gahlot, Sahil Kumar, S. Garg, S. Chawla, B. Kalra
Diabetic dyslipidaemia (DD) is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated or normal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Statins and anti-diabetic medication are coprescribed for optimal control. The objective of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of Saroglitazar 4-mg and Fenofibrate 200 mg in combination with low dose Atorvastatin (10 mg) in patients with DD. Run-in period of 4 weeks for life-style and diet modification followed by 12 weeks of treatment with saroglitazar or fenofibrate and low dose of atorvastatin was followed. Primary outcome of this study was an absolute change in serum triglyceride level at baseline and end of treatment period (12 weeks). Secondary outcome was changed from baseline lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at the end of treatment period. Safety assessment was also done during the duration of study. Forty patients of DD were randomly divided into two groups. One group received Saroglitazar 4 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Patients in second group received Fenofibrate 200 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Improvement in deranged lipid levels in both the groups was observed and this difference in improvement statistically was not found to be significant. We also observed that Saroglitazar significantly improves glycaemic profile by decreasing fasting blood sugar levels and HbA1c (P = 0.01, P < 0.01). Adverse events reported during this study were mild and none of the patients reported serious adverse events. Saroglitazar could be a potential drug to control both hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in patients with DD.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Saroglitazar and Fenofibrate in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidaemia: A pilot study","authors":"R. Gahlot, Sahil Kumar, S. Garg, S. Chawla, B. Kalra","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_257_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_257_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diabetic dyslipidaemia (DD) is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated or normal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Statins and anti-diabetic medication are coprescribed for optimal control.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of Saroglitazar 4-mg and Fenofibrate 200 mg in combination with low dose Atorvastatin (10 mg) in patients with DD. Run-in period of 4 weeks for life-style and diet modification followed by 12 weeks of treatment with saroglitazar or fenofibrate and low dose of atorvastatin was followed. Primary outcome of this study was an absolute change in serum triglyceride level at baseline and end of treatment period (12 weeks). Secondary outcome was changed from baseline lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at the end of treatment period. Safety assessment was also done during the duration of study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Forty patients of DD were randomly divided into two groups. One group received Saroglitazar 4 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Patients in second group received Fenofibrate 200 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Improvement in deranged lipid levels in both the groups was observed and this difference in improvement statistically was not found to be significant. We also observed that Saroglitazar significantly improves glycaemic profile by decreasing fasting blood sugar levels and HbA1c (P = 0.01, P < 0.01). Adverse events reported during this study were mild and none of the patients reported serious adverse events.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Saroglitazar could be a potential drug to control both hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in patients with DD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice among the lay public regarding storage and disposal of unused and expired medicines. This was an observational, cross-sectional, single-centre and questionnaire-based survey. After obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval, the study was conducted using a pre-validated structured questionnaire distributed among the lay public visiting a tertiary care hospital located in an urban metropolitan city. Four hundred of 720 individuals visiting the tertiary care hospital participated in the survey. The results revealed that 75% had never referred to any sources to get the correct information about the proper and safe disposal of medicines and had no knowledge regarding the same. About 12.75% of study participants reported that they were educated regarding the disposal of medicines by their treating physicians (RR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.51–0.99]) when compared with the other sources of information (18%) with statistically significant contribution made by the physicians (p<0.05). About 67% of the public stored their medicines at room temperature. Majority (83.75%) of the study participants reported that they disposed unused and expired drugs in the dustbin. Only 42.5% of the public knew the detrimental effect of improper drug disposal on human health and our ecosystem. In addition, 80% (320/400) of the participants confirmed that, given the option, they would prefer to return the unused or expired drugs to the pharmacy shops from where the medicines were purchased. There is a need to educate drug consumers/general public about safe and proper disposal of unused/ expired medicines. Health-care professionals, governments and policymakers should offer training to educate the general public about Indian regulations for safe disposal of unused/expired medicines.
{"title":"A cross-sectional survey to assess the drug disposal practices of unused and expired medicines among lay public visiting a tertiary care hospital in an urban metropolis","authors":"R. Munshi, Alisha S. Dhiman, M. Maurya","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_486_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_486_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice among the lay public regarding storage and disposal of unused and expired medicines.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This was an observational, cross-sectional, single-centre and questionnaire-based survey. After obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval, the study was conducted using a pre-validated structured questionnaire distributed among the lay public visiting a tertiary care hospital located in an urban metropolitan city.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Four hundred of 720 individuals visiting the tertiary care hospital participated in the survey. The results revealed that 75% had never referred to any sources to get the correct information about the proper and safe disposal of medicines and had no knowledge regarding the same. About 12.75% of study participants reported that they were educated regarding the disposal of medicines by their treating physicians (RR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.51–0.99]) when compared with the other sources of information (18%) with statistically significant contribution made by the physicians (p<0.05). About 67% of the public stored their medicines at room temperature. Majority (83.75%) of the study participants reported that they disposed unused and expired drugs in the dustbin. Only 42.5% of the public knew the detrimental effect of improper drug disposal on human health and our ecosystem. In addition, 80% (320/400) of the participants confirmed that, given the option, they would prefer to return the unused or expired drugs to the pharmacy shops from where the medicines were purchased.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There is a need to educate drug consumers/general public about safe and proper disposal of unused/ expired medicines. Health-care professionals, governments and policymakers should offer training to educate the general public about Indian regulations for safe disposal of unused/expired medicines.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46691019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obituary on Taketoshi Ono","authors":"H. Mallick, H. Nishijo","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_124_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_124_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48564100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bela M Agarwal, Shrutika Parab, Oshin Amberkar, R. Mullerpatan
Inactivity in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) results in low physical fitness, cardiopulmonary endurance and poor quality of life. Sports participation is known to enhance physical fitness. Therefore, the present study evaluated effect of a structured, 12-week MGM Sports Intervention for Sports Intervention Program for SCI (SPISI) on physical fitness and throw-ball performance in individuals with SCI. The study was conducted at MGM School of Physiotherapy and Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation centre in Navi Mumbai, India. Following ethical approval, 15 individuals with SCI (80% males and 20% females mean age 33.1 ± 7.2 years) were recruited. Upper-extremity explosive power (medicine-ball-throw), agility (t-test), cardiorespiratory endurance (incremental shuttle wheelchair propulsion test) and ball-throwing capacity (maximal-pass test) were evaluated pre- and post-12-week sports intervention programme (SPISI). The protocol involved strength training of upper extremity training at 50% 1 repetition maximum and participation in throw-ball sport. Following training, increase in upper extremity explosive power (11%), cardiopulmonary endurance (5%), agility (8%) and ball-throwing capacity in distance (7%) (P < 0.05) was observed. The large effect size was observed for sports performance (maximal-pass test distance-Cohen’s d 1.261), moderate for cardiorespiratory endurance (incremental wheelchair propulsion test distance Cohen’s d 0.517) and upper extremity explosive power (medicine-ball throw distance 0.593). Increment in all outcome variables was greater than minimal clinically important difference. Sports intervention programme (SPISI) for 12 weeks brought about minimal clinically important difference in upper-extremity explosive power, agility, cardiorespiratory endurance and sport-specific performance and should be included as an integral component of rehabilitation of individuals with SCI.
脊髓损伤（SCI）患者的不活动导致身体素质低、心肺耐力低和生活质量差。众所周知，参加体育运动可以增强体质。因此，本研究评估了为期12周的结构性MGM运动干预SCI运动干预计划（SPISI）对SCI患者身体素质和投球表现的影响。该研究在印度孟买纳维的MGM物理治疗学院和脊髓损伤康复中心进行。在伦理批准后，招募了15名SCI患者（80%为男性，20%为女性，平均年龄33.1±7.2岁）。在12周前和12周后的运动干预计划（SPISI）中评估上肢爆发力（药球投掷）、敏捷性（t检验）、心肺耐力（递增穿梭轮椅推进试验）和投球能力（最大传球试验）。该方案包括上肢力量训练，最大重复次数为50%，并参与投球运动。训练后，上肢爆发力（11%）、心肺耐力（5%）、灵活性（8%）和远距离投球能力（7%）均有所提高（P<0.05）。运动成绩（最大传球测试距离Cohen’s d 1.261）、心肺耐力（轮椅推进测试距离Cohen's d 0.517）和上肢爆发力（药球投掷距离0.593）的效应大小较大。所有结果变量的增量均大于最小临床重要差异。为期12周的运动干预计划（SPISI）在上肢爆发力、灵活性、心肺耐力和运动专项表现方面产生了最小的临床重要差异，应作为SCI患者康复的一个组成部分。
{"title":"Effect of 12-week sports intervention programme on physical fitness and sports performance in individuals with spinal cord injury","authors":"Bela M Agarwal, Shrutika Parab, Oshin Amberkar, R. Mullerpatan","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_332_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_332_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Inactivity in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) results in low physical fitness, cardiopulmonary endurance and poor quality of life. Sports participation is known to enhance physical fitness. Therefore, the present study evaluated effect of a structured, 12-week MGM Sports Intervention for Sports Intervention Program for SCI (SPISI) on physical fitness and throw-ball performance in individuals with SCI.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was conducted at MGM School of Physiotherapy and Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation centre in Navi Mumbai, India. Following ethical approval, 15 individuals with SCI (80% males and 20% females mean age 33.1 ± 7.2 years) were recruited. Upper-extremity explosive power (medicine-ball-throw), agility (t-test), cardiorespiratory endurance (incremental shuttle wheelchair propulsion test) and ball-throwing capacity (maximal-pass test) were evaluated pre- and post-12-week sports intervention programme (SPISI). The protocol involved strength training of upper extremity training at 50% 1 repetition maximum and participation in throw-ball sport.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Following training, increase in upper extremity explosive power (11%), cardiopulmonary endurance (5%), agility (8%) and ball-throwing capacity in distance (7%) (P < 0.05) was observed. The large effect size was observed for sports performance (maximal-pass test distance-Cohen’s d 1.261), moderate for cardiorespiratory endurance (incremental wheelchair propulsion test distance Cohen’s d 0.517) and upper extremity explosive power (medicine-ball throw distance 0.593). Increment in all outcome variables was greater than minimal clinically important difference.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Sports intervention programme (SPISI) for 12 weeks brought about minimal clinically important difference in upper-extremity explosive power, agility, cardiorespiratory endurance and sport-specific performance and should be included as an integral component of rehabilitation of individuals with SCI.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48214229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machines to make manuscripts? Artificial intelligence - A boon or bane?","authors":"T. Velpandian","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_133_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_133_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is characterised by hyperglycaemia, altered lipids, carbohydrates and protein metabolism, and in the long-term, with eye, kidney, cardiovascular and neurological complications. Poor wound healing is one of the major complications faced by diabetes mellitus patients. Angiogenesis is critical for tissue regeneration and wound healing. Impaired angiogenesis may lead to poor blood flow to the wound and hence delayed wound healing. Hence, it is important to find an antidote to speed up wound healing. Hence, this study focuses on the proangiogenic potential of bromelain in the caudal fin regeneration of diabetic zebrafish. Zebrafish were divided into control, Diabetic and Diabetic + Bromelain treated groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced using multiple doses of streptozotocin (350 mg/kg b.w./i.p.) on days 1, 3, 5, 12 and 19. Glucose levels were estimated on day 21 to confirm the induction of diabetes mellitus, and then, the caudal fin was amputated. After the amputation of the caudal fin, bromelain was administered orally at a dosage of 40 mg/kg b.w. on every alternate day for 15 days. Body weight, blood glucose level, total area and percentage of fin regeneration were observed on day 36. Images were compared and areas of regeneration were analysed with the help of Image J software. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests was used to analyse the data. A significant increase in the blood glucose level was observed in the diabetic group compared with control. A significant decrease in the percentage of tail regeneration and area of regeneration was observed in diabetic fishes compared to the control. Bromelain treatment has significantly increased the percentage and area of regeneration and significantly decreased the blood glucose level in the treatment group compared with the control. The study confirms that bromelain can promote tissue regeneration; hence, it can be used to improve wound healing, which is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Enhancement of caudal fin regeneration in diabetic zebrafish: An insight into proangiogenic potential of bromelain","authors":"Rajeshwari Parasuraman, Sathya Narayanan Govindarajulu","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_90_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_90_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is characterised by hyperglycaemia, altered lipids, carbohydrates and protein metabolism, and in the long-term, with eye, kidney, cardiovascular and neurological complications. Poor wound healing is one of the major complications faced by diabetes mellitus patients. Angiogenesis is critical for tissue regeneration and wound healing. Impaired angiogenesis may lead to poor blood flow to the wound and hence delayed wound healing. Hence, it is important to find an antidote to speed up wound healing. Hence, this study focuses on the proangiogenic potential of bromelain in the caudal fin regeneration of diabetic zebrafish.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Zebrafish were divided into control, Diabetic and Diabetic + Bromelain treated groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced using multiple doses of streptozotocin (350 mg/kg b.w./i.p.) on days 1, 3, 5, 12 and 19. Glucose levels were estimated on day 21 to confirm the induction of diabetes mellitus, and then, the caudal fin was amputated. After the amputation of the caudal fin, bromelain was administered orally at a dosage of 40 mg/kg b.w. on every alternate day for 15 days. Body weight, blood glucose level, total area and percentage of fin regeneration were observed on day 36. Images were compared and areas of regeneration were analysed with the help of Image J software. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests was used to analyse the data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A significant increase in the blood glucose level was observed in the diabetic group compared with control. A significant decrease in the percentage of tail regeneration and area of regeneration was observed in diabetic fishes compared to the control. Bromelain treatment has significantly increased the percentage and area of regeneration and significantly decreased the blood glucose level in the treatment group compared with the control.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study confirms that bromelain can promote tissue regeneration; hence, it can be used to improve wound healing, which is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48300405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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