Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterised by inattentiveness, hyperkinetic behaviour, and impulsivity in childhood, leads to decreased academic performance and learning in general. Among the environmental factors, lead (Pb) in the environment is considered a crucial public health issue associated with ADHD. This study assessed the existing literature for the association of hair and urine lead levels with ADHD. The studies included in this systematic review were case-control observational and prevalence studies of a place or population. For hair Pb levels, out of 478 participants, 89 were ADHD cases and 389 controls showed a pooled effect of a standardised mean difference of 0.30 (0.03–0.57). The overall effect Z was 2.16, which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). For urine Pb levels, there were 196 ADHD cases and 423 healthy controls. The pooled effect of the standardised mean difference was 0.34 (0.13–0.56). The overall effect Z was 3.12, which was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Pb estimations can reduce the disease burden of ADHD by non-invasive methods such as in hair and urine, which have better acceptance by parents.
{"title":"A systematic review of the association between lead levels in hair and urine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","authors":"S. Sahu, Joseph John, Saurav Nayak","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_18_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_18_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterised by inattentiveness, hyperkinetic behaviour, and impulsivity in childhood, leads to decreased academic performance and learning in general. Among the environmental factors, lead (Pb) in the environment is considered a crucial public health issue associated with ADHD. This study assessed the existing literature for the association of hair and urine lead levels with ADHD. The studies included in this systematic review were case-control observational and prevalence studies of a place or population. For hair Pb levels, out of 478 participants, 89 were ADHD cases and 389 controls showed a pooled effect of a standardised mean difference of 0.30 (0.03–0.57). The overall effect Z was 2.16, which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). For urine Pb levels, there were 196 ADHD cases and 423 healthy controls. The pooled effect of the standardised mean difference was 0.34 (0.13–0.56). The overall effect Z was 3.12, which was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Pb estimations can reduce the disease burden of ADHD by non-invasive methods such as in hair and urine, which have better acceptance by parents.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139291204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to gravity and non-gravity variables, human posture influences the distribution of ventilation and perfusion. Gravity enhances the air exchange and posture has an impact on the respiratory muscles’ activity. The goal of the study was to determine the role of neuromuscular activities in respiratory muscles throughout various respiratory states and postures, as well as the degree to which two different lying positions affected the perfusion index (PI) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) level in young, healthy female adults. Thirty sedentary healthy female college students, age ranges from 18 to 25 years having no history of pulmonary or neuromuscular diseases voluntarily cooperated and participated in this study. Each participant’s diaphragm and intercostal muscles underwent surface electromyography in the supine and prone postures. The heart rate (HR), SpO2, and PI were measured. When in the supine position, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles both had greater mean root mean square and maximum voluntary contraction values, which is statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, HR, SpO2 level, and PI between supine and prone postures show negligible changes. According to this study, prone posture is advantageous to supine posture since it requires less motor unit activation for proper breathing. Contrarily, the increases in chest cavity capacity are insufficient for the healthy adult female’s calm breathing to result in an increase in SpO2 and PI.
由于重力和非重力变量的影响，人体姿势会影响通气和灌注的分布。重力增强了空气交换，而姿势则对呼吸肌的活动产生影响。本研究的目的是确定在各种呼吸状态和姿势下呼吸肌神经肌肉活动的作用，以及两种不同卧姿对年轻健康女性成年人的灌注指数（PI）和血氧饱和度（SpO2）水平的影响程度。 30 名久坐不动的健康女大学生自愿参加了这项研究，她们的年龄在 18 至 25 岁之间，没有肺部或神经肌肉疾病史。在仰卧和俯卧姿势下，对每位受试者的膈肌和肋间肌进行表面肌电图检查。测量了心率（HR）、SpO2 和 PI。 仰卧位时，膈肌和肋间肌的平均均方根值和最大自主收缩值都更大，具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。然而，仰卧位和俯卧位之间的心率、SpO2 水平和 PI 变化微乎其微。 根据这项研究，俯卧姿势比仰卧姿势更有优势，因为俯卧姿势需要较少的运动单元激活才能实现正常呼吸。相反，胸腔容量的增加不足以使健康成年女性的平静呼吸导致 SpO2 和 PI 的增加。
{"title":"Motor units involvement in diaphragm and intercostal muscles during supine and prone posture, and its relationship with oxygen saturation and perfusion index in healthy young female adults","authors":"Noor Saba, P. Chatterjee, A. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_369_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_369_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Due to gravity and non-gravity variables, human posture influences the distribution of ventilation and perfusion. Gravity enhances the air exchange and posture has an impact on the respiratory muscles’ activity. The goal of the study was to determine the role of neuromuscular activities in respiratory muscles throughout various respiratory states and postures, as well as the degree to which two different lying positions affected the perfusion index (PI) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) level in young, healthy female adults. Thirty sedentary healthy female college students, age ranges from 18 to 25 years having no history of pulmonary or neuromuscular diseases voluntarily cooperated and participated in this study. Each participant’s diaphragm and intercostal muscles underwent surface electromyography in the supine and prone postures. The heart rate (HR), SpO2, and PI were measured. When in the supine position, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles both had greater mean root mean square and maximum voluntary contraction values, which is statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, HR, SpO2 level, and PI between supine and prone postures show negligible changes. According to this study, prone posture is advantageous to supine posture since it requires less motor unit activation for proper breathing. Contrarily, the increases in chest cavity capacity are insufficient for the healthy adult female’s calm breathing to result in an increase in SpO2 and PI.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139298943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Latha Venkatesan, Poonam Joshi, C. M. Susaimuthu, L. L. Murry, K. S. Simak, Sucheta Yadav, Suman Dabas
The objectives of this study were to develop and test a teaching and learning model in clinical nursing education to integrate the key concepts of self-learning, demonstration (simulation – zone I) and preceptorship (SDP). Coronavirus disease has affected adults and a significant proportion of children globally. All nurses must know the stabilisation and management of children affected by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). A paediatric nursing emergency preparedness program for COVID-19 of 8 days duration was developed with the help of a team of 42 medical and nursing experts. The training program was conducted for 300 nurses using a SDP model with a blended learning approach. The effectiveness of the SDP model was evaluated using a one-group pre-test and post-test design in terms of change in knowledge and self-confidence of the participants. Feedback from the participants, experts and preceptors about the program and teaching methodology was obtained at the end of the training program. The mean gain in knowledge (12.57 ± 2.96 vs. 16.36 ± 4.26, P < 0.001) and self-confidence scores (84.08 ± 18.20 vs. 106.65± 9.86, P < 0.001) after the training program were statistically significant. The overall mean preceptors rating of the participants in various observed skills was 55.88 ± 15.21 with the majority of observations graded as competent. All the experts, preceptors and participants were satisfied with the training program. The SDP model using a blended learning approach was effective in improving the knowledge and self-confidence of the nurses in managing children with COVID-19. It can be used to train nurses in both technical and non-technical skills in patient care areas.
{"title":"Testing of a self-learning, demonstration, and preceptorship model on nurses for pediatric COVID-19 preparedness","authors":"Latha Venkatesan, Poonam Joshi, C. M. Susaimuthu, L. L. Murry, K. S. Simak, Sucheta Yadav, Suman Dabas","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_479_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_479_2022","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to develop and test a teaching and learning model in clinical nursing education to integrate the key concepts of self-learning, demonstration (simulation – zone I) and preceptorship (SDP). Coronavirus disease has affected adults and a significant proportion of children globally. All nurses must know the stabilisation and management of children affected by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). A paediatric nursing emergency preparedness program for COVID-19 of 8 days duration was developed with the help of a team of 42 medical and nursing experts. The training program was conducted for 300 nurses using a SDP model with a blended learning approach. The effectiveness of the SDP model was evaluated using a one-group pre-test and post-test design in terms of change in knowledge and self-confidence of the participants. Feedback from the participants, experts and preceptors about the program and teaching methodology was obtained at the end of the training program. The mean gain in knowledge (12.57 ± 2.96 vs. 16.36 ± 4.26, P < 0.001) and self-confidence scores (84.08 ± 18.20 vs. 106.65± 9.86, P < 0.001) after the training program were statistically significant. The overall mean preceptors rating of the participants in various observed skills was 55.88 ± 15.21 with the majority of observations graded as competent. All the experts, preceptors and participants were satisfied with the training program. The SDP model using a blended learning approach was effective in improving the knowledge and self-confidence of the nurses in managing children with COVID-19. It can be used to train nurses in both technical and non-technical skills in patient care areas.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139303692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aasheesh Kumar, R. Yadav, S. Venkataraman, Uma Kumar, Akanksha Singh, Kishore K. Deepak, R. Bhatia
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common neurological chronic health problem that causes widespread pain and tenderness (sensitivity to touch) throughout the body. Most often, people with this chronic illness complain of fatigue and sleep deprivation. Besides psychosomatic illness, neurological problems such as depression, anxiety, and memory loss are also reported by patients. Pain, flexibility, and range of motion in 18 FM patients were assessed before and after 20 sessions of yoga therapy. Subjective assessment of pain was done using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain catastrophising scale scores. Tender points were also localised. Objective assessment of pain was done using quantitative sensory testing of the left and right shoulder regions. Flexibility and range of motion were assessed using Schober’s and Sit and Reach tests, respectively, before and after yogic intervention. Mean VAS score, age, and body mass index of patients at baseline were 7.05 ± 0.8, age 35.1 ± 8.9 Kg/m2, and 27.8 ± 2.9 kg/m2, respectively. VAS score (3.3 ± 1.3, P < 0.05) was significantly reduced after the intervention; pain catastrophisation was also reduced in the patients after the therapy. Flexibility (Schober’s test scores) and range of motion (Sit and Reach test scores) significantly increased after 20 sessions of regular yoga therapy. Pressure pain threshold at the left shoulder and pressure pain tolerance at the right shoulder were significantly increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). Twenty sessions of yoga therapy can relieve pain and improve the flexibility and range of motion of FM patients.
{"title":"Exploring pain status and flexibility in fibromyalgia patients: Effect of 20 sessions of yoga therapy","authors":"Aasheesh Kumar, R. Yadav, S. Venkataraman, Uma Kumar, Akanksha Singh, Kishore K. Deepak, R. Bhatia","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_297_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_297_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common neurological chronic health problem that causes widespread pain and tenderness (sensitivity to touch) throughout the body. Most often, people with this chronic illness complain of fatigue and sleep deprivation. Besides psychosomatic illness, neurological problems such as depression, anxiety, and memory loss are also reported by patients. Pain, flexibility, and range of motion in 18 FM patients were assessed before and after 20 sessions of yoga therapy. Subjective assessment of pain was done using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain catastrophising scale scores. Tender points were also localised. Objective assessment of pain was done using quantitative sensory testing of the left and right shoulder regions. Flexibility and range of motion were assessed using Schober’s and Sit and Reach tests, respectively, before and after yogic intervention. Mean VAS score, age, and body mass index of patients at baseline were 7.05 ± 0.8, age 35.1 ± 8.9 Kg/m2, and 27.8 ± 2.9 kg/m2, respectively. VAS score (3.3 ± 1.3, P < 0.05) was significantly reduced after the intervention; pain catastrophisation was also reduced in the patients after the therapy. Flexibility (Schober’s test scores) and range of motion (Sit and Reach test scores) significantly increased after 20 sessions of regular yoga therapy. Pressure pain threshold at the left shoulder and pressure pain tolerance at the right shoulder were significantly increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). Twenty sessions of yoga therapy can relieve pain and improve the flexibility and range of motion of FM patients.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139298408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate single-dose oral comparative pharmacokinetics studies of ubiquinol acetate (EnQ10), ubiquinone and ubiquinol in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Oral suspension formulations of ubiquinol acetate (EnQ10), ubiquinone, and ubiquinol at 300 mg/kg body weight (equivalent dose of ubiquinone) were prepared in 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 and 15% (w/v) hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin. Six animals per group for each compound were dosed with oral suspension formulations of EnQ10, ubiquinone, and ubiquinol. Blood samples were collected at time points of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 30, and 48 h and plasma samples were analysed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analyte’s ubiquinone and ubiquinol. Results: In EnQ10 dosed animals, the plasma mean concentration maximum, Cmax (347.83 ng/mL) of ubiquinol was found to be 2.52 times higher versus ubiquinone dosed animals (137.90 ng/mL). Furthermore, in EnQ10 dosed animals, the observed plasma exposure (AUClast) (4808.94 h*ng/mL) for ubiquinol was found to be 3.96 times higher versus. Ubiquinone dosed animals (1214.42 h*ng/mL). One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was performed for the Cmax and AUClast of ubiquinol. There was a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in the Cmax and AUClast of ubiquinol in animals dosed with EnQ10 compared to the animals dosed with ubiquinone. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicated that ubiquinol acetate (EnQ10) showed better oral bioavailability compared to ubiquinone (CoQ10) when administered orally (300 mg/kg body weight equivalent dose of ubiquinone) in the male in male SD Rats.
{"title":"Evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of ubiquinol acetate, ubiquinone and ubiquinol in male Sprague-Dawley rats – A comparative study","authors":"Mohan Cheluru Umesh, Geetha Kannoth Mukundan, Srinivas Seekallu","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_484_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_484_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate single-dose oral comparative pharmacokinetics studies of ubiquinol acetate (EnQ10), ubiquinone and ubiquinol in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Oral suspension formulations of ubiquinol acetate (EnQ10), ubiquinone, and ubiquinol at 300 mg/kg body weight (equivalent dose of ubiquinone) were prepared in 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 and 15% (w/v) hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin. Six animals per group for each compound were dosed with oral suspension formulations of EnQ10, ubiquinone, and ubiquinol. Blood samples were collected at time points of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 30, and 48 h and plasma samples were analysed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analyte’s ubiquinone and ubiquinol. Results: In EnQ10 dosed animals, the plasma mean concentration maximum, Cmax (347.83 ng/mL) of ubiquinol was found to be 2.52 times higher versus ubiquinone dosed animals (137.90 ng/mL). Furthermore, in EnQ10 dosed animals, the observed plasma exposure (AUClast) (4808.94 h*ng/mL) for ubiquinol was found to be 3.96 times higher versus. Ubiquinone dosed animals (1214.42 h*ng/mL). One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was performed for the Cmax and AUClast of ubiquinol. There was a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in the Cmax and AUClast of ubiquinol in animals dosed with EnQ10 compared to the animals dosed with ubiquinone. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicated that ubiquinol acetate (EnQ10) showed better oral bioavailability compared to ubiquinone (CoQ10) when administered orally (300 mg/kg body weight equivalent dose of ubiquinone) in the male in male SD Rats.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raksha Jaipurkar, Rupak Kumar Singh, Rahul Manral, Varad V. Apte, Atul Sharma
Objectives: Long-term endurance training in elite endurance athletes (EEA) is known to affect the autonomic function by increasing the vagal tone which reflects in resting heart rate variability (HRV) but does this high resting vagal tone also affects the post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) remains unknown. Post-exercise HRR is used to prescribe and monitor athletic training. Hence, the aim was to determine HRR after maximal exercise among EEA and non-athletics healthy (NAH) populations and correlate it with resting HRV. Materials and Methods: Fifteen EEA and 15 NAH active male subjects of >18 years participated in this study. The resting HRV was measured with a continuous lead II electrocardiogram in the supine position for 10 min. The incremental exercise testing was done and post-exercise HRR data were collected. Results: In time domain analysis, average RR, median RR, root mean square of sequential deviations and percentage of successive interval difference larger than 50 ms were significantly higher, whereas the average heart rate was significantly lower in the EEA group. In the frequency domain analysis, low-frequency power–normalised units (LFnu), and low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) was significantly lower while high-frequency power––normalised units were significantly higher in the EEA group. The resting HRV indices did not correlate to HRR in both groups. Conclusion: The athletes have better adapted cardiac autonomic function as compared to the NAH group with higher resting vagal tone and better HRR. HRR did not correlate with resting HRV in either group, suggesting that parasympathetic activity causing a rapid decrease in heart rate post-exercise is independent of basal parasympathetic tone.
{"title":"Comparison of cardiac autonomic functions in elite endurance athletes and non-athletic healthy population: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Raksha Jaipurkar, Rupak Kumar Singh, Rahul Manral, Varad V. Apte, Atul Sharma","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_19_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_19_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Long-term endurance training in elite endurance athletes (EEA) is known to affect the autonomic function by increasing the vagal tone which reflects in resting heart rate variability (HRV) but does this high resting vagal tone also affects the post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) remains unknown. Post-exercise HRR is used to prescribe and monitor athletic training. Hence, the aim was to determine HRR after maximal exercise among EEA and non-athletics healthy (NAH) populations and correlate it with resting HRV. Materials and Methods: Fifteen EEA and 15 NAH active male subjects of >18 years participated in this study. The resting HRV was measured with a continuous lead II electrocardiogram in the supine position for 10 min. The incremental exercise testing was done and post-exercise HRR data were collected. Results: In time domain analysis, average RR, median RR, root mean square of sequential deviations and percentage of successive interval difference larger than 50 ms were significantly higher, whereas the average heart rate was significantly lower in the EEA group. In the frequency domain analysis, low-frequency power–normalised units (LFnu), and low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) was significantly lower while high-frequency power––normalised units were significantly higher in the EEA group. The resting HRV indices did not correlate to HRR in both groups. Conclusion: The athletes have better adapted cardiac autonomic function as compared to the NAH group with higher resting vagal tone and better HRR. HRR did not correlate with resting HRV in either group, suggesting that parasympathetic activity causing a rapid decrease in heart rate post-exercise is independent of basal parasympathetic tone.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satish G. Patil, Kasturi A. Patil, Revanasiddappa Sarashetti, Kashinath Hadimur
Objectives: Growing evidence showed involvement of vascular oxidative stress in the development of endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness and hypertension. Many clinical trials of antioxidants have proven unsuccessful in prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. There is a need of new therapies that reduce age- and hypertension associated arterial stiffness in elderly individuals. We aimed to determine if shilajit ( Asphaltum punjabianum ), a natural phytocomplex which is immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiaging, can reduce oxidative stress and improve arterial function in the elderly with hypertension. Materials and Methods: A parallel arm, open-label randomised controlled study was conducted on 60 elderly patients with hypertension. Study-group participants received shilajit (500 mg-twice/day for 30 days) with antihypertensives while control-group participants received only antihypertensive therapy. Oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and endothelial function markers were assessed at baseline and after 30 days of treatment. Results: Between-group analysis showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress markers: Malondialdehyde ( P < 0.001) and oxidised-low-density lipoproteins ( P = 0.015); and increase in total antioxidant capacity ( P = 0.002), superoxide dismutase ( P < 0.001) and reduced glutathione ( P < 0.001) with complementary therapy of shilajit. There was no change in the markers of arterial stiffness and endothelial function. Conclusion: These findings suggest that shilajit may be of value as a natural antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress in elderly hypertension patients.
{"title":"Effect of purified Shilajit (<i>Asphaltum punjabianum</i>) on oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and endothelial function in elderly with hypertension: A randomised controlled study","authors":"Satish G. Patil, Kasturi A. Patil, Revanasiddappa Sarashetti, Kashinath Hadimur","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_447_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_447_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Growing evidence showed involvement of vascular oxidative stress in the development of endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness and hypertension. Many clinical trials of antioxidants have proven unsuccessful in prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. There is a need of new therapies that reduce age- and hypertension associated arterial stiffness in elderly individuals. We aimed to determine if shilajit ( Asphaltum punjabianum ), a natural phytocomplex which is immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiaging, can reduce oxidative stress and improve arterial function in the elderly with hypertension. Materials and Methods: A parallel arm, open-label randomised controlled study was conducted on 60 elderly patients with hypertension. Study-group participants received shilajit (500 mg-twice/day for 30 days) with antihypertensives while control-group participants received only antihypertensive therapy. Oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and endothelial function markers were assessed at baseline and after 30 days of treatment. Results: Between-group analysis showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress markers: Malondialdehyde ( P < 0.001) and oxidised-low-density lipoproteins ( P = 0.015); and increase in total antioxidant capacity ( P = 0.002), superoxide dismutase ( P < 0.001) and reduced glutathione ( P < 0.001) with complementary therapy of shilajit. There was no change in the markers of arterial stiffness and endothelial function. Conclusion: These findings suggest that shilajit may be of value as a natural antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress in elderly hypertension patients.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) has been the bane of peri-and post-menopausal women, but is now increasingly incident in adolescent/young adult (AYA) females. Pari-passu , there has been a >1000% increase in consumption of fructose as a caloric sweetener in soft drinks, whose top consumers are AYAs. The link between fructose consumption and mammary gland (MG) carcinogenesis is not well-established and the same is investigated and compared against known carcinogens such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and electromagnetic radiations from mobile phone (EMF-MP). Materials and Methods: Weaned female Wistar rats were randomly grouped as normal control (NOR), fructose control (FRC), DMBA control (DMC), and exposure control (EXC). For 8 weeks, the NOR was provided chow and water, ad libitum , while FRC, DMC, and EXC additionally received 15% fructose drinking solution, ad libitum , DMBA (20 mg/Kg, p.o; at weaning) and EMF-MP (Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM]), 2 h/day daily), respectively. At the end of the study, the groups were compared for the biomarkers of insulin resistance (IR), carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, liver function, cardiometabolic function, oxidative stress, and MG carcinogenesis. Results: The serum markers of MG carcinogenesis (CA 15–3), IR (homeostasis model assessment-IR, area under the curve – oral glucose tolerance test), and liver and cardiometabolic function (serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase and homocysteine) were significantly raised (P < 0.05) in FRC versus NOR. The metabolic homeostasis (leptin, ghrelin, triglyceride-Glucose index, glucose-6-phosphatase, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and glycogen) and detoxifying ability (free-radical scavenging activity [%] and superoxide dismutase) in FRC were not different from DMC, or EXC. Conclusion: The development of early indicators of MG carcinogenesis due to unhindered fructose drinking by AYA female rats is akin to exposure to DMBA or EMF-MPs that evidence the propensity of the former.
{"title":"Derangement of metabolic homeostasis, detoxifying ability and CA 15-3 in young adult female rats by fructose (15%) drinking is akin to known carcinogens: A missed fiend?","authors":"Arshvir Kaur, Chandra Prakash Prasad, Sandeep Mathur, Rajani Mathur","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_22_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_22_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) has been the bane of peri-and post-menopausal women, but is now increasingly incident in adolescent/young adult (AYA) females. Pari-passu , there has been a >1000% increase in consumption of fructose as a caloric sweetener in soft drinks, whose top consumers are AYAs. The link between fructose consumption and mammary gland (MG) carcinogenesis is not well-established and the same is investigated and compared against known carcinogens such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and electromagnetic radiations from mobile phone (EMF-MP). Materials and Methods: Weaned female Wistar rats were randomly grouped as normal control (NOR), fructose control (FRC), DMBA control (DMC), and exposure control (EXC). For 8 weeks, the NOR was provided chow and water, ad libitum , while FRC, DMC, and EXC additionally received 15% fructose drinking solution, ad libitum , DMBA (20 mg/Kg, p.o; at weaning) and EMF-MP (Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM]), 2 h/day daily), respectively. At the end of the study, the groups were compared for the biomarkers of insulin resistance (IR), carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, liver function, cardiometabolic function, oxidative stress, and MG carcinogenesis. Results: The serum markers of MG carcinogenesis (CA 15–3), IR (homeostasis model assessment-IR, area under the curve – oral glucose tolerance test), and liver and cardiometabolic function (serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase and homocysteine) were significantly raised (P < 0.05) in FRC versus NOR. The metabolic homeostasis (leptin, ghrelin, triglyceride-Glucose index, glucose-6-phosphatase, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and glycogen) and detoxifying ability (free-radical scavenging activity [%] and superoxide dismutase) in FRC were not different from DMC, or EXC. Conclusion: The development of early indicators of MG carcinogenesis due to unhindered fructose drinking by AYA female rats is akin to exposure to DMBA or EMF-MPs that evidence the propensity of the former.","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical teaching for physiology educators","authors":"Kusal K. Das, Robert G. Carroll","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_344_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_344_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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