{"title":"Connecting the dots: New insights into visualising literature search","authors":"Shival Srivastav, A. Arvind, M. Gadhvi","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_533_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_533_2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pravallika Pagadala, Vinutha Shankar M S, Sumathi M E
Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones is known to produce a stress response because of its effect on hypothalamus. Mobile phones have become an integral part of our lives with increasing usage not only in terms of number of users but also increase in talk time. The present study aimed to study the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour assessment in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Twelve male SD rats of 10–12 weeks old, weighing 180–220 g, were housed and allowed to acclimatise in a room with 12:12 h light-dark cycle with ad libitum amount of food and reverse osmosis (RO) water before the start of the study. Then, rats were divided into control and RF-EMR exposed groups, and everyday feed intake and body weight were measured. At the end of the study period, blood sample was collected through retro orbital puncture for biochemical investigations. The present study showed significant increase in malondialdehyde and serum corticosterone levels and decrease feeding behaviour in rats exposed to RF-EMR in rats exposed to RF-EMR. This study proves that mobile RF-EMR causes oxidative stress and oxidative damage leading to decreased feeding behaviour in SD rats.
{"title":"Effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats","authors":"Pravallika Pagadala, Vinutha Shankar M S, Sumathi M E","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_474_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_474_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones is known to produce a stress response because of its effect on hypothalamus. Mobile phones have become an integral part of our lives with increasing usage not only in terms of number of users but also increase in talk time. The present study aimed to study the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour assessment in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twelve male SD rats of 10–12 weeks old, weighing 180–220 g, were housed and allowed to acclimatise in a room with 12:12 h light-dark cycle with ad libitum amount of food and reverse osmosis (RO) water before the start of the study. Then, rats were divided into control and RF-EMR exposed groups, and everyday feed intake and body weight were measured. At the end of the study period, blood sample was collected through retro orbital puncture for biochemical investigations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study showed significant increase in malondialdehyde and serum corticosterone levels and decrease feeding behaviour in rats exposed to RF-EMR in rats exposed to RF-EMR.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study proves that mobile RF-EMR causes oxidative stress and oxidative damage leading to decreased feeding behaviour in SD rats.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47479581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noeen Khaliq, Syed Faisal Ahmed, Shaza Geelani, F. Khaliq
This cross-sectional, anonymous and questionnaire-based study was undertaken to analyse online teaching experiences during COVID-19 lockdown in higher education from teachers’ perspectives. This was thought to help in improving long-distance education. An online survey was conducted to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from higher education teachers. Benefits identified by online teachers indicate that distance education can cater to a large group and helps the students to access educational resources. Major challenges faced were internet connectivity (78.80%), increased workloads (68.80%) and lack of personal communication with students (84%). They believed that the online mode of teaching is the only alternative for students in such an extraordinary situation. It can be valuable for additional discussions but cannot replace traditional offline teaching. Suggestions pointed toward providing internet facilities and electronic databases to students and the necessity of faculty development programmes.
{"title":"Transition to online teaching during COVID-19 pandemic: Perspective of higher education teachers from India","authors":"Noeen Khaliq, Syed Faisal Ahmed, Shaza Geelani, F. Khaliq","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_552_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_552_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This cross-sectional, anonymous and questionnaire-based study was undertaken to analyse online teaching experiences during COVID-19 lockdown in higher education from teachers’ perspectives. This was thought to help in improving long-distance education.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An online survey was conducted to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from higher education teachers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Benefits identified by online teachers indicate that distance education can cater to a large group and helps the students to access educational resources. Major challenges faced were internet connectivity (78.80%), increased workloads (68.80%) and lack of personal communication with students (84%). They believed that the online mode of teaching is the only alternative for students in such an extraordinary situation. It can be valuable for additional discussions but cannot replace traditional offline teaching.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Suggestions pointed toward providing internet facilities and electronic databases to students and the necessity of faculty development programmes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45209063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneesh Joseph, Praghalathan Kanthakumar, Elizabeth Tharion
Heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is clinically important as a predictor of mortality. In addition, HRR is an indicator of cardiac autonomic activity, since increased vagal activity and diminished sympathetic activity return the heart rate to resting conditions after exercise. The previous attempts to model HRR using polynomial, first-order and second-order modelling have produced mixed results. In this study, we hypothesised that the double-exponential fit would model the HRR more accurately than the single-exponential fit as it would capture the activity of both autonomic arms responsible for heart rate decay and investigated the outcome of these two models on the HRR data following a maximal exercise. Exponential curve fitting was done on a set of previously published data from our laboratory. The HRR data were acquired from 40 male participants (19–38 years) after a maximal treadmill exercise. The normalised HRR data from a 5-min time window from maximal heart rate were fitted using single and double-exponential curves, to obtain, respectively, the time constants Tau and, Tau 1 and Tau 2. The goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed with Chi-square values computed for each participant data set with both models. Considering that Chi-square of zero is a perfect fit, and therefore, smaller Chi-square values indicate a better fit than larger values, we computed the difference in the Chi-square values (Δχ2) between the models by subtracting the Chi-square value of the double-exponential fit from the Chi-square value of the single-exponential fit. This was based on the premise that if the calculated Δχ2 is positive, it would indicate a better fit with double-exponential than single-exponential decay model. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Comparisons were made with Student’s t-test. Data from four participants were excluded for technical reasons. The Tau of the single-exponential fit was 65.50 ± 12.13 s, while Tau 1 and Tau 2 of the double-exponential fit were 43.75 ± 18.96 s and 120.30 ± 91.32 s, respectively, the Tau 1 value being significantly lower than the Tau 2 value (P < 0.0001). Remarkably among the 36 participants, the difference in the Chi-square value was positive (127.2 ± 171.04) in 22 subjects and zero or marginally negative (−0.17 ± 0.31) in 14 subjects. Our results indicate that the double-exponential model fitted the HRR data better than the single-exponential model in almost two-thirds (61%) of our study population. In the remaining participants, the goodness-of-fit was nearly equivalent for both fits with no evidence of superior modelling with the single-exponential fit. Our data show that while the single-exponential fit is sufficient for modelling the HRR of 14 subjects, it was less efficient for fitting the data of most participants. In comparison, the double-exponential curve fit effectively modelled 100% of our study population. Given our findings, we conclude that the double-exponential
{"title":"Exponential modelling of heart rate recovery after a maximal exercise","authors":"Aneesh Joseph, Praghalathan Kanthakumar, Elizabeth Tharion","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_122_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_122_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is clinically important as a predictor of mortality. In addition, HRR is an indicator of cardiac autonomic activity, since increased vagal activity and diminished sympathetic activity return the heart rate to resting conditions after exercise. The previous attempts to model HRR using polynomial, first-order and second-order modelling have produced mixed results. In this study, we hypothesised that the double-exponential fit would model the HRR more accurately than the single-exponential fit as it would capture the activity of both autonomic arms responsible for heart rate decay and investigated the outcome of these two models on the HRR data following a maximal exercise.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Exponential curve fitting was done on a set of previously published data from our laboratory. The HRR data were acquired from 40 male participants (19–38 years) after a maximal treadmill exercise. The normalised HRR data from a 5-min time window from maximal heart rate were fitted using single and double-exponential curves, to obtain, respectively, the time constants Tau and, Tau 1 and Tau 2. The goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed with Chi-square values computed for each participant data set with both models. Considering that Chi-square of zero is a perfect fit, and therefore, smaller Chi-square values indicate a better fit than larger values, we computed the difference in the Chi-square values (Δχ2) between the models by subtracting the Chi-square value of the double-exponential fit from the Chi-square value of the single-exponential fit. This was based on the premise that if the calculated Δχ2 is positive, it would indicate a better fit with double-exponential than single-exponential decay model. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Comparisons were made with Student’s t-test.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Data from four participants were excluded for technical reasons. The Tau of the single-exponential fit was 65.50 ± 12.13 s, while Tau 1 and Tau 2 of the double-exponential fit were 43.75 ± 18.96 s and 120.30 ± 91.32 s, respectively, the Tau 1 value being significantly lower than the Tau 2 value (P < 0.0001). Remarkably among the 36 participants, the difference in the Chi-square value was positive (127.2 ± 171.04) in 22 subjects and zero or marginally negative (−0.17 ± 0.31) in 14 subjects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our results indicate that the double-exponential model fitted the HRR data better than the single-exponential model in almost two-thirds (61%) of our study population. In the remaining participants, the goodness-of-fit was nearly equivalent for both fits with no evidence of superior modelling with the single-exponential fit. Our data show that while the single-exponential fit is sufficient for modelling the HRR of 14 subjects, it was less efficient for fitting the data of most participants. In comparison, the double-exponential curve fit effectively modelled 100% of our study population. Given our findings, we conclude that the double-exponential","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44020277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prabhanjan Kulkarni, Kailas N. Chintale, M. Bhattacharya, M. Kulkarni, Shubham Chape
In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, as a respiratory tract infection causing symptoms, such as fever, chills, dry cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Despite the low mortality rate of COVID-19, patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus seem to be prone to more severe symptoms and to a higher mortality rate than others. Such patients are shown to benefit from usage of monoclonal antibodies. Casirivimab-imdevimab is a cocktail made up of two non-competing, neutralizing human immunoglobulin G1 antibodies that target the receptor binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein and block viral entry into human cells. We assessed the clinical profile and outcome of 42 patients who received the antibody cocktail. Casirivimab-imdevimab was administered to COVID-positive patients with mild severity. Forty-two patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria received casirivimab-imdevimab and were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistics were run in OpenEpi software. No adverse reactions were seen in any of the patients. Among the 42 patients, there were no deaths. Twenty-two (52.3%) patients improved, while 20 (47.6%) worsened after receiving the antibody cocktail. Out of 21 (50%) patients who did not have any comorbidity, 13 (30.9%) worsened after receiving the drug and 8 (19%) improved, while among those with comorbidities, 7 (16.6%) worsened and 14 (33.3%) improved (P < 0.05). Thirteen (30.9%) unvaccinated patients improved, while 14 (33.3%) worsened, whereas 6 (14.2%) fully vaccinated patients improved while only 2 (4.7%) worsened. Among the patients who were administered the cocktail within 5 days of onset of symptoms, 12 (28.5%) improved and 10 (23.8%) worsened, whereas among those who received the drug between 6 and 10 days of symptom onset, ten improved, and ten worsened. There was no statistically significant association between vaccination status and outcome, and infusion interval and outcome in these patients. None of the 42 patients developed any reaction to casirivimab-imdevimab. There were no deaths in the study population. About 52.3% of the patients improved and 47.6% worsened after receiving the cocktail. About 33.3% of the comorbid patients improved. There was no statistically significant association between vaccination status and outcome, and infusion interval and outcome in these patients.
{"title":"A study of outcome in COVID-19 patients receiving casirivimab-imdevimab","authors":"Prabhanjan Kulkarni, Kailas N. Chintale, M. Bhattacharya, M. Kulkarni, Shubham Chape","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_451_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_451_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, as a respiratory tract infection causing symptoms, such as fever, chills, dry cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Despite the low mortality rate of COVID-19, patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus seem to be prone to more severe symptoms and to a higher mortality rate than others. Such patients are shown to benefit from usage of monoclonal antibodies. Casirivimab-imdevimab is a cocktail made up of two non-competing, neutralizing human immunoglobulin G1 antibodies that target the receptor binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein and block viral entry into human cells. We assessed the clinical profile and outcome of 42 patients who received the antibody cocktail.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Casirivimab-imdevimab was administered to COVID-positive patients with mild severity. Forty-two patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria received casirivimab-imdevimab and were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistics were run in OpenEpi software.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000No adverse reactions were seen in any of the patients. Among the 42 patients, there were no deaths. Twenty-two (52.3%) patients improved, while 20 (47.6%) worsened after receiving the antibody cocktail. Out of 21 (50%) patients who did not have any comorbidity, 13 (30.9%) worsened after receiving the drug and 8 (19%) improved, while among those with comorbidities, 7 (16.6%) worsened and 14 (33.3%) improved (P < 0.05). Thirteen (30.9%) unvaccinated patients improved, while 14 (33.3%) worsened, whereas 6 (14.2%) fully vaccinated patients improved while only 2 (4.7%) worsened. Among the patients who were administered the cocktail within 5 days of onset of symptoms, 12 (28.5%) improved and 10 (23.8%) worsened, whereas among those who received the drug between 6 and 10 days of symptom onset, ten improved, and ten worsened. There was no statistically significant association between vaccination status and outcome, and infusion interval and outcome in these patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000None of the 42 patients developed any reaction to casirivimab-imdevimab. There were no deaths in the study population. About 52.3% of the patients improved and 47.6% worsened after receiving the cocktail. About 33.3% of the comorbid patients improved. There was no statistically significant association between vaccination status and outcome, and infusion interval and outcome in these patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indrani Basak, A. K. Tiwari, R. Prasad, R. Pandey, T. Singh, M. B. Mandal, Priyanka Bhagat
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motor impairment syndrome leading to disorders of movement and posture. Screening of electrophysiological parameters Hoffman reflex (H-reflex and nerve conduction velocities) becomes a necessary for the early detection and management of the disease. The study aimed to assess the various electrophysiological parameters of nerve conduction velocity in CP and age-matched normal children. The present cross-sectional study was performed between children suffering from CP and healthy control. A total of 27 children of 12–24 months of age of either sex were examined. Among them, six children were normal (with age match), seven were diagnosed with spastic CP and remaining 14 children were diagnosed with hypotonic CP The electrophysiological parameters were recorded in the right lower limb (posterior tibial nerve-soleus muscle) of all children. In electrophysiological parameters, H-reflex latency in secs values was significantly decreased in all CP children. The maximum amplitudes of reflexly excitable motor neurons (Hmax) (mV) and Hmax/maximum amplitude of motor response ratio in the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle were significantly increased in spastic CPas compared to control. H-reflex conduction velocity (HRCV) was significantly higher than motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in hypotonic CP children. The electrophysiological parameters were altered in spastic CP children. The electrophysiological parameters in hypotonic CP were within range, indicating they did not suppress the neuronal motor pool. However, HRCV was significantly more than MNCV in hypotonic CP, suggesting some myelination process defect/white matter injury in motor neurons. We concluded that the electrophysiological parameters of the nerve conduction study are a reliable test for the assessment of tone of muscles in children. Thus, it may help in the early initiation of the treatment and therapies in CP children.
{"title":"Nerve conduction study in young children suffering from cerebral palsy","authors":"Indrani Basak, A. K. Tiwari, R. Prasad, R. Pandey, T. Singh, M. B. Mandal, Priyanka Bhagat","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_423_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_423_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motor impairment syndrome leading to disorders of movement and posture. Screening of electrophysiological parameters Hoffman reflex (H-reflex and nerve conduction velocities) becomes a necessary for the early detection and management of the disease. The study aimed to assess the various electrophysiological parameters of nerve conduction velocity in CP and age-matched normal children.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present cross-sectional study was performed between children suffering from CP and healthy control. A total of 27 children of 12–24 months of age of either sex were examined. Among them, six children were normal (with age match), seven were diagnosed with spastic CP and remaining 14 children were diagnosed with hypotonic CP The electrophysiological parameters were recorded in the right lower limb (posterior tibial nerve-soleus muscle) of all children.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In electrophysiological parameters, H-reflex latency in secs values was significantly decreased in all CP children. The maximum amplitudes of reflexly excitable motor neurons (Hmax) (mV) and Hmax/maximum amplitude of motor response ratio in the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle were significantly increased in spastic CPas compared to control. H-reflex conduction velocity (HRCV) was significantly higher than motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in hypotonic CP children.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The electrophysiological parameters were altered in spastic CP children. The electrophysiological parameters in hypotonic CP were within range, indicating they did not suppress the neuronal motor pool. However, HRCV was significantly more than MNCV in hypotonic CP, suggesting some myelination process defect/white matter injury in motor neurons. We concluded that the electrophysiological parameters of the nerve conduction study are a reliable test for the assessment of tone of muscles in children. Thus, it may help in the early initiation of the treatment and therapies in CP children.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49195305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The need for mentoring to ensure the success of junior physiologists across the globe","authors":"S. Barman","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_336_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_336_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41289356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olufemi I. Oluranti, B. Alabi, O. Michael, A. Ojo, Ayodeji Caleb Akande
Proper cardiac function is greatly dependent on adequate supply and metabolism of energy substrates. Environmental pollutants exposure including plasticizers can trigger adverse cardiac metabolic events. This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of rutin (Rt) on dysregulated cardiac energy metabolism in plasticizer-exposed rats. Forty-two rats were randomised into seven groups (n = 6): Control (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), bisphenol A (BPA, 25 mg/kg, p.o), dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 25 mg/kg, p.o), BPA + Rt 25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg, DBP + Rt (25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg), BPA + DBP and BPA + DBP + Rt, daily for 21 days. BPA and DBP exposure increased plasma glucose, reduced insulin, and increased plasma and cardiac free fatty-acid. Cardiac glucose-6-phosphate level, hexokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities increased in DBP while BPA reduced these variables. Cardiac glucose transporter-4 expression was reduced in BPA group, while cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression increased in BPA and DBP-treated rats. However, Rt administration prevents impaired cardiac bioenergetics and glucometabolic regulation. Summarily, Rt improves BPA and DBP-impaired cardiac bioenergetics through PPARα and AMPK modulation.
{"title":"Rutin forestalls dysregulated cardiac bioenergetics in bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate-exposed rats through PPARα and AMPK modulation","authors":"Olufemi I. Oluranti, B. Alabi, O. Michael, A. Ojo, Ayodeji Caleb Akande","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_509_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_509_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Proper cardiac function is greatly dependent on adequate supply and metabolism of energy substrates. Environmental pollutants exposure including plasticizers can trigger adverse cardiac metabolic events. This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of rutin (Rt) on dysregulated cardiac energy metabolism in plasticizer-exposed rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Forty-two rats were randomised into seven groups (n = 6): Control (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), bisphenol A (BPA, 25 mg/kg, p.o), dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 25 mg/kg, p.o), BPA + Rt 25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg, DBP + Rt (25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg), BPA + DBP and BPA + DBP + Rt, daily for 21 days.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000BPA and DBP exposure increased plasma glucose, reduced insulin, and increased plasma and cardiac free fatty-acid. Cardiac glucose-6-phosphate level, hexokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities increased in DBP while BPA reduced these variables. Cardiac glucose transporter-4 expression was reduced in BPA group, while cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression increased in BPA and DBP-treated rats. However, Rt administration prevents impaired cardiac bioenergetics and glucometabolic regulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Summarily, Rt improves BPA and DBP-impaired cardiac bioenergetics through PPARα and AMPK modulation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"26 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41249627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Khadka, A. Jaryal, R. Narang, Chetan Patel, R. Pandey, K. Deepak
Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD). Modulation of cardiac autonomic tone as assessed by heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is found reduced in patients with CAD; myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and some other cardiovascular diseases. Reduced HRV has been found associated with sudden cardiac death in these CAD patients. Several patients present with anginal symptoms clinically in absence of CAD or other diseases. The status of HRV is not much clear in these patients. Thus, we aimed to assess HRV in patients with angina with and without myocardial ischemia and compare it with HRV of healthy subjects of similar age groups and follow-up patients for 1 year for cardiac/health events. The study included 61 consecutive male patients clinically presenting with angina and 30 healthy subjects. Based on Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging, patients were divided into two groups; patients with myocardial perfusion defects (MPD), (n = 33, age 54.91 ± 7.43 years) and patients with no MPD (NMPD), NMPD (n = 28, age 53.04 ± 8.50 years). Short-term HRV was assessed in all patients and subjects in resting supine position following standard protocol. All MPD and 25 NMPD patients could be followed up for 1 year for cardiac/health events. Surprisingly, the NMPD patients showed significantly reduced HRV, Standard deviation of the N-N intervals, The square root of the mean squared differences of successive N-N intervals, Percentage of the number of interval differences of successive N-N intervals greater than >50 ms divided by total number of R-R intervals, low frequency (LF) power, High Frequency (HF) power and total power as compared to both MPD patients and healthy subjects. (Total power [NMPD vs. MPD]: 610.1 [379.9–1072.8] vs. 1508.0 [748.4–2339.4] millisecond squares (ms2), P = 0.001), healthy subjects (Total power: 1414.6 [1104.6-2141.5] ms2, P = 0.001). The markers of sympathetic tone; LF (normalised unit) and LF/HF ratio were higher in NMPD patients as compared to MPD patients resulting in an altered sympathovagal balance. During a 1-year follow-up, sudden death was seen in one MPD patient (3.1%) and two NMPD patients (8%). The NMPD patients showed significantly reduced HRV as compared to both MPD patients and Healthy subjects with an altered sympathovagal balance. Sudden death was also seen in NMPD patients as MPD patients.
{"title":"Heart rate variability in patients presenting with anginal symptoms in absence of cardiac and other diseases","authors":"R. Khadka, A. Jaryal, R. Narang, Chetan Patel, R. Pandey, K. Deepak","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_569_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_569_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD). Modulation of cardiac autonomic tone as assessed by heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is found reduced in patients with CAD; myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and some other cardiovascular diseases. Reduced HRV has been found associated with sudden cardiac death in these CAD patients. Several patients present with anginal symptoms clinically in absence of CAD or other diseases. The status of HRV is not much clear in these patients. Thus, we aimed to assess HRV in patients with angina with and without myocardial ischemia and compare it with HRV of healthy subjects of similar age groups and follow-up patients for 1 year for cardiac/health events.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study included 61 consecutive male patients clinically presenting with angina and 30 healthy subjects. Based on Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging, patients were divided into two groups; patients with myocardial perfusion defects (MPD), (n = 33, age 54.91 ± 7.43 years) and patients with no MPD (NMPD), NMPD (n = 28, age 53.04 ± 8.50 years). Short-term HRV was assessed in all patients and subjects in resting supine position following standard protocol. All MPD and 25 NMPD patients could be followed up for 1 year for cardiac/health events.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Surprisingly, the NMPD patients showed significantly reduced HRV, Standard deviation of the N-N intervals, The square root of the mean squared differences of successive N-N intervals, Percentage of the number of interval differences of successive N-N intervals greater than >50 ms divided by total number of R-R intervals, low frequency (LF) power, High Frequency (HF) power and total power as compared to both MPD patients and healthy subjects. (Total power [NMPD vs. MPD]: 610.1 [379.9–1072.8] vs. 1508.0 [748.4–2339.4] millisecond squares (ms2), P = 0.001), healthy subjects (Total power: 1414.6 [1104.6-2141.5] ms2, P = 0.001). The markers of sympathetic tone; LF (normalised unit) and LF/HF ratio were higher in NMPD patients as compared to MPD patients resulting in an altered sympathovagal balance. During a 1-year follow-up, sudden death was seen in one MPD patient (3.1%) and two NMPD patients (8%).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The NMPD patients showed significantly reduced HRV as compared to both MPD patients and Healthy subjects with an altered sympathovagal balance. Sudden death was also seen in NMPD patients as MPD patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45259196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuchita Singh, Parul Sharma, Devarshi Dixit, M. B. Mandal
Capsaicin, the most pungent constituent of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is known to alter the physiological activity of the gut. Capsaicin mediates its action through a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel. The action of capsaicin on gut smooth muscle varies from segment to segment in different species. The earlier studies were carried out in adult animals only, and its status in the neonate gut, which is in a development stage, is not known. Objective: Therefore, the present study was done to assess the effect of capsaicin on the large gut of neonates. In an organ bath preparation, isometric contractions were recorded from segments of dissected rat colon and rectum. The gut segments were exposed to cumulative concentrations of capsaicin (0.01 nM–3 µM) and a capsaicin-induced contractile response was observed. TRPV1 receptor antagonist capsazepine (1 µM) and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (100 µM), were used to assess their blocking effect on capsaicin-induced contractile response. Capsaicin raised contractile tension in the colon and rectum of adult rats but not in neonate rats. In adult rats, capsazepine pre-treatment (1 µM) failed to block the capsaicin-induced response in the colon, but in the lower concentrations, it increased contractile tension in the rectum. Pre-application of L-NAME (100 µM) potentiated capsaicin-induced response in the adult rectum and neonate’s colon but had no effect in the neonate rectum and adult colon. Capsaicin with a low concentration (0.01 nM–0.01 µM) increased contractile frequency in both the colon and rectum of adult rats. However, the effect of capsaicin on frequency was abolished at higher concentrations (0.01 µM–3 µM). A capsaicin-evoked change in contractile frequency in adult rats was blocked by capsazepine and L-NAME. At lower concentrations (0.01 nM–0.01 µM), capsaicin did not show any change in frequency in the neonatal colon, while a decrease in contractile frequency was observed with the higher concentrations (0.1 µM–3 µM) of capsaicin. In neonates, capsazepine pre-treatment produced changes in frequency for both the colon and rectum. However, pre-application of L-NAME decreased frequency in the neonate rectum but not in the colon. Capsaicin-induced changes in contractile activity may or may not involve TRPV1 or the Nitric Oxide (NO) pathway, depending on the part of the large gut and developmental maturity.
{"title":"Capsaicin fails to produce changes in contractile tension in large gut of neonate rats","authors":"Shuchita Singh, Parul Sharma, Devarshi Dixit, M. B. Mandal","doi":"10.25259/ijpp_437_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_437_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Capsaicin, the most pungent constituent of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is known to alter the physiological activity of the gut. Capsaicin mediates its action through a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel. The action of capsaicin on gut smooth muscle varies from segment to segment in different species. The earlier studies were carried out in adult animals only, and its status in the neonate gut, which is in a development stage, is not known. Objective: Therefore, the present study was done to assess the effect of capsaicin on the large gut of neonates.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In an organ bath preparation, isometric contractions were recorded from segments of dissected rat colon and rectum. The gut segments were exposed to cumulative concentrations of capsaicin (0.01 nM–3 µM) and a capsaicin-induced contractile response was observed. TRPV1 receptor antagonist capsazepine (1 µM) and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (100 µM), were used to assess their blocking effect on capsaicin-induced contractile response.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Capsaicin raised contractile tension in the colon and rectum of adult rats but not in neonate rats. In adult rats, capsazepine pre-treatment (1 µM) failed to block the capsaicin-induced response in the colon, but in the lower concentrations, it increased contractile tension in the rectum. Pre-application of L-NAME (100 µM) potentiated capsaicin-induced response in the adult rectum and neonate’s colon but had no effect in the neonate rectum and adult colon. Capsaicin with a low concentration (0.01 nM–0.01 µM) increased contractile frequency in both the colon and rectum of adult rats. However, the effect of capsaicin on frequency was abolished at higher concentrations (0.01 µM–3 µM). A capsaicin-evoked change in contractile frequency in adult rats was blocked by capsazepine and L-NAME. At lower concentrations (0.01 nM–0.01 µM), capsaicin did not show any change in frequency in the neonatal colon, while a decrease in contractile frequency was observed with the higher concentrations (0.1 µM–3 µM) of capsaicin. In neonates, capsazepine pre-treatment produced changes in frequency for both the colon and rectum. However, pre-application of L-NAME decreased frequency in the neonate rectum but not in the colon.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Capsaicin-induced changes in contractile activity may or may not involve TRPV1 or the Nitric Oxide (NO) pathway, depending on the part of the large gut and developmental maturity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13367,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：