The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classifies “anorexia nervosa” as a mental disorder, yet individuals with anorexia often characterize it as an identity. The author describes the identity of being an anorectic and compares it with what it takes to have anorexia in the diagnostic sense. This furthers the existing scholarship on anorexia and identity, most notably by revealing a disconnect between being an anorectic and having anorexia: Some individuals inhabit the identity of being an anorectic but do not have anorexia because they do not have a significantly low body weight. The author explores whether expanding the diagnostic criteria for anorexia would be beneficial for anorectics by examining the implications of classifying the identitive phenomenon of being an anorectic in terms of a medical concept of mental disorder. In the short term, the answer depends on whether being an anorectic calls for interventions that require a diagnosis. Either way, it would be beneficial to develop nonmedical frameworks for understanding anorexia that facilitate interventions that do not require a diagnosis. Understanding being an anorectic as an identity lays the scaffolding for a nonmedical way of conceptualizing anorexia that illuminates innovative approaches to assisting anorectics.
{"title":"Being an Anorectic versus Having Anorexia: Should the DSM Diagnostic Criteria Be Modified?","authors":"Melayna Schiff","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-2023-1417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-2023-1417","url":null,"abstract":"The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classifies “anorexia nervosa” as a mental disorder, yet individuals with anorexia often characterize it as an identity. The author describes the identity of being an anorectic and compares it with what it takes to have anorexia in the diagnostic sense. This furthers the existing scholarship on anorexia and identity, most notably by revealing a disconnect between being an anorectic and having anorexia: Some individuals inhabit the identity of being an anorectic but do not have anorexia because they do not have a significantly low body weight. The author explores whether expanding the diagnostic criteria for anorexia would be beneficial for anorectics by examining the implications of classifying the identitive phenomenon of being an anorectic in terms of a medical concept of mental disorder. In the short term, the answer depends on whether being an anorectic calls for interventions that require a diagnosis. Either way, it would be beneficial to develop nonmedical frameworks for understanding anorexia that facilitate interventions that do not require a diagnosis. Understanding being an anorectic as an identity lays the scaffolding for a nonmedical way of conceptualizing anorexia that illuminates innovative approaches to assisting anorectics.","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"55 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:At healthcare facilities worldwide, women during childbirth undergo medical procedures they haven't consented to and experience mistreatment and disrespect. This phenomenon is recognized as obstetric violence (OV), a distinct form of gender violence. The resulting trauma carries both immediate and long-term implications, making it vital to address for promoting women's health. OV is partly shaped by a narrow, paternalistic conception of vulnerability. A flawed conception of the vulnerability of pregnant women and fetuses has opened the door to medical control and coercion during childbirth. In this paper we examine what role notions of vulnerability play in perpetuating OV and consider recent attitudinal shifts in research ethics as a model for addressing it.
{"title":"Obstetric Violence and Vulnerability: A Bioethical Approach","authors":"Corinne Berzon, Sara Cohen Shabot","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-16.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-16.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:At healthcare facilities worldwide, women during childbirth undergo medical procedures they haven't consented to and experience mistreatment and disrespect. This phenomenon is recognized as obstetric violence (OV), a distinct form of gender violence. The resulting trauma carries both immediate and long-term implications, making it vital to address for promoting women's health. OV is partly shaped by a narrow, paternalistic conception of vulnerability. A flawed conception of the vulnerability of pregnant women and fetuses has opened the door to medical control and coercion during childbirth. In this paper we examine what role notions of vulnerability play in perpetuating OV and consider recent attitudinal shifts in research ethics as a model for addressing it.","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"9 1","pages":"52 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85138020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosing Desire: Biopolitics and Femininity into the Twenty-First Century by Alyson K. Spurgas (review)","authors":"Theodora K. Hurley","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"28 1","pages":"232 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72861494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Healthism and ableism intertwine through an imperative of normalcy and the ensuing devaluing of those who fail to meet societally dominant norms and expectations around "normal" health. This paper tracks the effect of that imperative of normalcy through current research into gut microbiome therapies, using therapies targeting fatness and autism as examples. The complexity of the gut microbiome ought to encourage us to rethink our conception of ourselves and our embeddedness in the world; instead, the microbiome is transformed into one more tool for controlling unruly bodies and minds.
{"title":"The Gut Microbiome and the Imperative of Normalcy","authors":"J. Dryden","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Healthism and ableism intertwine through an imperative of normalcy and the ensuing devaluing of those who fail to meet societally dominant norms and expectations around \"normal\" health. This paper tracks the effect of that imperative of normalcy through current research into gut microbiome therapies, using therapies targeting fatness and autism as examples. The complexity of the gut microbiome ought to encourage us to rethink our conception of ourselves and our embeddedness in the world; instead, the microbiome is transformed into one more tool for controlling unruly bodies and minds.","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"80 1","pages":"131 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86478442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Unconsented pelvic exams under anesthesia are assaults cloaked in defense of healthcare education. Preemptive linguistic qualifiers "presumed" or "implied" attempt to justify such violations with flippancy toward their oxymoronic implications: to suggest a priori that consent can be assumed undermines its otherwise standalone social, ethical, and medico-legal reverence. In this paper I conceptualize "medical sexual assault" and argue that presumed consent for intimate exams exemplifies its definition. By bluntly describing pelvic exams as "penetration," this work aims to reify the intimate reality of the clinical label "pelvic exam" and to call attention to cisheteronormative and androcentric assumptions involved in its practice. Additionally, this scholarship seeks to create a foundation toward broader work in conceptualizing clinical rape culture. Given recent national survey data indicating a surprising frequency of unconsented intimate exams, detailed language as to their problematics is necessary for ongoing legal and ethical efforts. Explicit consent for intimate exams must be the standard of care for conscious and unconscious patients.
{"title":"Presumed Consent for Pelvic Exams Under Anesthesia Is Medical Sexual Assault","authors":"S. Tillman","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Unconsented pelvic exams under anesthesia are assaults cloaked in defense of healthcare education. Preemptive linguistic qualifiers \"presumed\" or \"implied\" attempt to justify such violations with flippancy toward their oxymoronic implications: to suggest a priori that consent can be assumed undermines its otherwise standalone social, ethical, and medico-legal reverence. In this paper I conceptualize \"medical sexual assault\" and argue that presumed consent for intimate exams exemplifies its definition. By bluntly describing pelvic exams as \"penetration,\" this work aims to reify the intimate reality of the clinical label \"pelvic exam\" and to call attention to cisheteronormative and androcentric assumptions involved in its practice. Additionally, this scholarship seeks to create a foundation toward broader work in conceptualizing clinical rape culture. Given recent national survey data indicating a surprising frequency of unconsented intimate exams, detailed language as to their problematics is necessary for ongoing legal and ethical efforts. Explicit consent for intimate exams must be the standard of care for conscious and unconscious patients.","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In this paper, I consider how trust affects the decisions of men who have sex with men (MSM) around using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as HIV prevention in their sexual and romantic relationships, and how the use of PrEP affects their relationships with healthcare providers. MSM have to trust their sexual and romantic partners as well as their healthcare providers for PrEP to be successful as a relatively new HIV prevention strategy. This trust includes both interpersonal trust and institutional trust and it is complicated by different kinds of relationship dynamics and the history of prejudice against MSM in healthcare institutions.
{"title":"Creating the Conditions for Trust Around PrEP as HIV Prevention: The Relationships of MSM with Sexual and Romantic Partners and Healthcare Providers","authors":"Michael Montess","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-16.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-16.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this paper, I consider how trust affects the decisions of men who have sex with men (MSM) around using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as HIV prevention in their sexual and romantic relationships, and how the use of PrEP affects their relationships with healthcare providers. MSM have to trust their sexual and romantic partners as well as their healthcare providers for PrEP to be successful as a relatively new HIV prevention strategy. This trust includes both interpersonal trust and institutional trust and it is complicated by different kinds of relationship dynamics and the history of prejudice against MSM in healthcare institutions.","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"20 1","pages":"102 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90985513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A) Accounts for the importance of genetic knowledge to many donor-conceived people (and many people generally), but B) Does not attribute too much significance to genetic knowledge, and C) Recognizes societal forces that shape, not always in salutary ways, people’s interest in genetic knowledge, but D) Does not thereby undermine the significance of people’s interest in having genetic knowledge, while also E) Putting gamete donors on the hook for being available to their genetic offspring, but without F) Attributing parental responsibility to gamete donors.
{"title":"Walking a Tightrope: Responding to Roth, Brandt, Russell, and Skow","authors":"Daniel Groll","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"A) Accounts for the importance of genetic knowledge to many donor-conceived people (and many people generally), but B) Does not attribute too much significance to genetic knowledge, and C) Recognizes societal forces that shape, not always in salutary ways, people’s interest in genetic knowledge, but D) Does not thereby undermine the significance of people’s interest in having genetic knowledge, while also E) Putting gamete donors on the hook for being available to their genetic offspring, but without F) Attributing parental responsibility to gamete donors.","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"29 1","pages":"214 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83522351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Groll on Bionormativity and the Value of Genetic Knowledge","authors":"Bradford Skow","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"102 1","pages":"182 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79369909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The experience of chronic pain can disrupt an understanding of oneself in terms of ability and possibility. In response, the pain sufferer needs an understanding conversation partner to help reinterpret their sense of self. Yet women in pain often encounter neglect, disbelief, or worse in today's medical institutions. They may end up seeking the authoritative pronouncement of a diagnosis rather than a partner in recovery. We must develop new language and new relationships within the medical field for helping women in pain renegotiate their self-understanding and reinvigorate their engagement with the world and others through dialogue and play.
{"title":"Interpreting Pain: On Women's Embodiment and Dialogical Self-Understanding","authors":"K. Davis","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-16.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-16.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The experience of chronic pain can disrupt an understanding of oneself in terms of ability and possibility. In response, the pain sufferer needs an understanding conversation partner to help reinterpret their sense of self. Yet women in pain often encounter neglect, disbelief, or worse in today's medical institutions. They may end up seeking the authoritative pronouncement of a diagnosis rather than a partner in recovery. We must develop new language and new relationships within the medical field for helping women in pain renegotiate their self-understanding and reinvigorate their engagement with the world and others through dialogue and play.","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"64 1","pages":"34 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80976972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Being the Right Kind of Parent: Conceiving People","authors":"Camisha Russell","doi":"10.3138/ijfab-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13383,"journal":{"name":"IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"193 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78856016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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