Background: Indian agriculture continues to be a gamble with monsoon, Direct seeded rice (DSR) can prove to be a promising method technically and economically, which is an achievable alternative to transplanted rice. On the other hand, the soil has become dilapidated of late due to ill-agricultural practices. Therefore, soil fertility and productivity restoration are in dire need, which can be done through integrated nutrient management. Methods: The investigation was conducted to assess the impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield performance of direct seeded rice in dyrtrudepts of Nagaland at the experimental farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS), Medziphema Campus, Nagaland University, during kharif season of 2019 and 2020. A randomized Block Design with three replications and twelve treatments was applied for the trial. Result: Application of 100% RDF + 2 t FYM ha-1 + PSB (T5) significantly increased the growth parameters, yield attributes, and yield of direct seeded rice which was at parity with T4 (100% RDF + 2 t FYM ha-1) in both the years of cultivation. Therefore, the integrated use of nutrients favored the growth and yield characteristics of direct-seeded rice.
背景：印度农业仍然是一场与季风有关的赌博，直播水稻（DSR）在技术和经济上都是一种很有前途的方法，是移植水稻的一种可行替代品。另一方面，由于不良的农业做法，土壤近来变得破旧不堪。因此，迫切需要通过综合养分管理来恢复土壤肥力和生产力。方法：在2019年和2020年的哈里夫季节，在那加兰大学梅兹切马校区农业科学学院（SAS）的实验农场，进行了一项调查，以评估综合营养管理对那加兰地区旱地直播水稻生长和产量表现的影响。试验采用随机分组设计，包括三次重复和十二次治疗。结果：施用100%RDF+2t FYM ha-1+PSB（T5）显著提高了直播水稻的生长参数、产量属性和产量，在两个栽培年份中与T4（100%RDF+2 t FYM ha-1）持平。因此，养分的综合利用有利于直播水稻的生长和产量特性。
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield Performance of Direct Seeded Rice in Dystrudepts of Nagaland","authors":"Avini-e Nakhro, Pankaj Singh, Yabi Gadi, Kaiho Achumi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6086","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indian agriculture continues to be a gamble with monsoon, Direct seeded rice (DSR) can prove to be a promising method technically and economically, which is an achievable alternative to transplanted rice. On the other hand, the soil has become dilapidated of late due to ill-agricultural practices. Therefore, soil fertility and productivity restoration are in dire need, which can be done through integrated nutrient management. Methods: The investigation was conducted to assess the impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield performance of direct seeded rice in dyrtrudepts of Nagaland at the experimental farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS), Medziphema Campus, Nagaland University, during kharif season of 2019 and 2020. A randomized Block Design with three replications and twelve treatments was applied for the trial. Result: Application of 100% RDF + 2 t FYM ha-1 + PSB (T5) significantly increased the growth parameters, yield attributes, and yield of direct seeded rice which was at parity with T4 (100% RDF + 2 t FYM ha-1) in both the years of cultivation. Therefore, the integrated use of nutrients favored the growth and yield characteristics of direct-seeded rice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48071160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The study aimed to identify the sustainability of soil fertility and social-economic factors for major rice cropping and offer suggestions for sustainable rice cropping. Methods: The kite sustainability assessment is a multi-objective assessment method based on standardized scoring formulas built on land assessment criteria with limiting factors. It used the AHP method to determine how different critical factors affect whether a place is good for growing rice. The soil fertility, economics, and social factors were also significant in determining whether or not rice could grow there and how well it might do. Results: The soil fertility status of the two main rice cropping in the study area has low pH, high organic matter content, high cation exchange capacity, and high clay content. Besides, the soil has a good water-holding capacity, high total N content, and average total P content. Utilizing the AHP method, it was determined that soil fertility, economic, and social factors were the second-most significant factors in determining the suitability of land for agriculture as well as the possibility and performance of rice. While the double-rice cropping model is only sustainable regarding fertility, the triple-rice cropping model achieves the sustainability goal of economic, social, and soil fertility indicators. Two rice cropping seasons, lWS-mSA (double rice) and mWS-eSA-eAW (triple rice), achieve a balanced level in all indicators of level 2 of soil fertility. Therefore, in both models, a system that reaches a sustainable level exists. Even so, the lWS-mSA cropping season could be less harmful to the environment than the mWS-eSA-eAW season in terms of the environmental group.
{"title":"Soil Sustainability Assessment for Rice Cropping Recommendations: A Case Study in An Giang Province, Vietnam","authors":"P. Vu, V. Minh","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-776","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study aimed to identify the sustainability of soil fertility and social-economic factors for major rice cropping and offer suggestions for sustainable rice cropping. Methods: The kite sustainability assessment is a multi-objective assessment method based on standardized scoring formulas built on land assessment criteria with limiting factors. It used the AHP method to determine how different critical factors affect whether a place is good for growing rice. The soil fertility, economics, and social factors were also significant in determining whether or not rice could grow there and how well it might do. Results: The soil fertility status of the two main rice cropping in the study area has low pH, high organic matter content, high cation exchange capacity, and high clay content. Besides, the soil has a good water-holding capacity, high total N content, and average total P content. Utilizing the AHP method, it was determined that soil fertility, economic, and social factors were the second-most significant factors in determining the suitability of land for agriculture as well as the possibility and performance of rice. While the double-rice cropping model is only sustainable regarding fertility, the triple-rice cropping model achieves the sustainability goal of economic, social, and soil fertility indicators. Two rice cropping seasons, lWS-mSA (double rice) and mWS-eSA-eAW (triple rice), achieve a balanced level in all indicators of level 2 of soil fertility. Therefore, in both models, a system that reaches a sustainable level exists. Even so, the lWS-mSA cropping season could be less harmful to the environment than the mWS-eSA-eAW season in terms of the environmental group.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46361850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. P. Reddy, V. Anbanandan, B. S. Kumar, K. Saravanan
Background: In contrast to field crops, quality is often more essential than yield in vegetable crops. As a result, this research began with the objective of assessing the diversity and novelty of okra genotypes. Methods: A field investigation was carried out at Sivapuri Village, Chidambaram, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India, in the summer of 2020-2021. To match with distinctiveness, uniformity and stability, qualitative data for 18 characters were collected based on vegetative and reproductive characters. Result: Results obtained in this study revealed a high level of variability among the genotypes for the majority of the qualitative traits, except for plant growth habit, branching position, leaf blade colour between veins, fruit type and seed size. The fruit-related characters exhibited a large diversity in the genotypes studied. Mature fruit colour was obtained with 8.3% of yellowish green, 23.3% of green and 68.4% of dark green fruits recorded for genotypes. Based on genetic variation, the ultimate objective of vegetable breeding programmes is to generate new varieties exhibiting elite combinations of many desired qualitative attributes in okra using traditional breeding procedures.
{"title":"Qualitative and Phenotyping Characterization among Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Genotypes","authors":"J. P. Reddy, V. Anbanandan, B. S. Kumar, K. Saravanan","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-5987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-5987","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In contrast to field crops, quality is often more essential than yield in vegetable crops. As a result, this research began with the objective of assessing the diversity and novelty of okra genotypes. Methods: A field investigation was carried out at Sivapuri Village, Chidambaram, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India, in the summer of 2020-2021. To match with distinctiveness, uniformity and stability, qualitative data for 18 characters were collected based on vegetative and reproductive characters. Result: Results obtained in this study revealed a high level of variability among the genotypes for the majority of the qualitative traits, except for plant growth habit, branching position, leaf blade colour between veins, fruit type and seed size. The fruit-related characters exhibited a large diversity in the genotypes studied. Mature fruit colour was obtained with 8.3% of yellowish green, 23.3% of green and 68.4% of dark green fruits recorded for genotypes. Based on genetic variation, the ultimate objective of vegetable breeding programmes is to generate new varieties exhibiting elite combinations of many desired qualitative attributes in okra using traditional breeding procedures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sangothari, S. Radhamani, P. Janaki, V. Ravichandran, M. Gnanachitra, N. Thavaprakaash
Background: In rice belts, cultivation of rice under aerobic conditions provides an alternative way to reduce the enormous amounts of water usage, by using 50 percent of the water when compared to traditional cultivation. However, micronutrient deficiencies are more common in aerobic rice during its early stages of growth. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to be efficient in mobilizing the nutrients under aerobic situations. Methods: The field experiment was conducted in Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of thirteen treatments which includes different recommended doses of VAM 50, 62.5 and 75kg ha-1 along with different combinations of foliar application of 0.5% urea, 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4. Result: The study revealed that combined application of 150 % of recommended dose of VAM and foliar application of 0.5% urea + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 1% FeSO4 at 25 and 45 DAS significantly increased the VAM colonization area, photosynthetic pigments and growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root weight, root growth, leaf area index and yield attributes and it was found to be a better optionin rice cultivation to overcome the micronutrient deficiencies in its earlier stages under aerobic conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Soil Applied Arbuscular mycorrhiza Along with Foliar Nutrition of Nitrogen, Iron and Zinc on, Mycorrhizal Colonization, Physiological Parameters, Growth and Yield of Rice under Aerobic Condition","authors":"A. Sangothari, S. Radhamani, P. Janaki, V. Ravichandran, M. Gnanachitra, N. Thavaprakaash","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6095","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In rice belts, cultivation of rice under aerobic conditions provides an alternative way to reduce the enormous amounts of water usage, by using 50 percent of the water when compared to traditional cultivation. However, micronutrient deficiencies are more common in aerobic rice during its early stages of growth. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to be efficient in mobilizing the nutrients under aerobic situations. Methods: The field experiment was conducted in Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of thirteen treatments which includes different recommended doses of VAM 50, 62.5 and 75kg ha-1 along with different combinations of foliar application of 0.5% urea, 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4. Result: The study revealed that combined application of 150 % of recommended dose of VAM and foliar application of 0.5% urea + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 1% FeSO4 at 25 and 45 DAS significantly increased the VAM colonization area, photosynthetic pigments and growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root weight, root growth, leaf area index and yield attributes and it was found to be a better optionin rice cultivation to overcome the micronutrient deficiencies in its earlier stages under aerobic conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neelam Solanki, Gourav Chouhan, Preeti Soni, G. S. Shekhawat, G. Singh, S. Parihar
Background: Spirulina is a multicellular, filamentous cyanobacterium, belonging to the Phormidiaceae family which appears as blue-green filaments composed of cylindrical cells arranged in unbranched helicoidal trichomes. It contains a wide spectrum of nutrients that include proteins with all essential amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, pigments, carotenoids and super antioxidants apart from trace elements. Methods: The aim of the present study is to optimize the growth of cyanobacterium i.e., Spirulina platensis in selected media such as Zarrouk’s modified medium, Zarrouk’s medium, BG11 medium and F-2 medium. The growth analyses were recognized after 30 days. The temperature was maintained at 30±2°C under 12:12 hour light-dark cycles, light illuminated (4500 lux). Result: The maximum biomass of 0.641 gm/ml was achieved in Zarrouk’s modified medium. The inoculation of S. platensis in the F-2 medium showed the least growth of alga. The maximum concentration of phycocyanin content (0.19 mg/ml) and total carotenoid contents (5.99 µg/ml) were observed in Zarrouk’s modified medium followed by Zarrouk’s medium (0.12 mg/ml and 5.51 µg/ml) and minimum amounts were observed in F-2 medium (0.08 mg/ml and 3.08 µg/ml). According to the results, this study concluded that the growth and biomass of Spirulina with significant cell count and higher pigment proteins can be enhanced by using the naturally modified medium.
{"title":"Evaluation of Nutrient Dependent Growth of Spirulina platensis for Pigment-proteins Production","authors":"Neelam Solanki, Gourav Chouhan, Preeti Soni, G. S. Shekhawat, G. Singh, S. Parihar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6082","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spirulina is a multicellular, filamentous cyanobacterium, belonging to the Phormidiaceae family which appears as blue-green filaments composed of cylindrical cells arranged in unbranched helicoidal trichomes. It contains a wide spectrum of nutrients that include proteins with all essential amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, pigments, carotenoids and super antioxidants apart from trace elements. Methods: The aim of the present study is to optimize the growth of cyanobacterium i.e., Spirulina platensis in selected media such as Zarrouk’s modified medium, Zarrouk’s medium, BG11 medium and F-2 medium. The growth analyses were recognized after 30 days. The temperature was maintained at 30±2°C under 12:12 hour light-dark cycles, light illuminated (4500 lux). Result: The maximum biomass of 0.641 gm/ml was achieved in Zarrouk’s modified medium. The inoculation of S. platensis in the F-2 medium showed the least growth of alga. The maximum concentration of phycocyanin content (0.19 mg/ml) and total carotenoid contents (5.99 µg/ml) were observed in Zarrouk’s modified medium followed by Zarrouk’s medium (0.12 mg/ml and 5.51 µg/ml) and minimum amounts were observed in F-2 medium (0.08 mg/ml and 3.08 µg/ml). According to the results, this study concluded that the growth and biomass of Spirulina with significant cell count and higher pigment proteins can be enhanced by using the naturally modified medium.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Soil pH is determined using a variety of methods. The key differences among them are the electrolytes and soil-to-suspension ratios. However, an optimal procedure tailored to a particular soil is required. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effects of electrolytes and soil-to-suspension ratios on soil pH and to optimise pH measurement methods for acidic-coarsely textured soil. Methods: Varied standard electrolytes (water, 0.01 M CaCl2 and 1 M KCl) and soil-to-suspension ratios (1:1, 1:2.5 and 1:5 w/v) were used to measure the pH of thirty samples of acidic-coarsest textured soil. Result: Soil pH values were observed in the following order: water greater than 0.01 M CaCl2 greater than 1 M KCI. Higher soil pHs were a result of higher suspension volumes. The most optimal pH measurement method for an acidic-coarsely textured soil was obtained from the 1:2.5 soil-to-suspension ratio of 1 M KCl, which held the highest R2 (0.850), as well as the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) (0.010), indicating the most precise method. An alternative method suitable for a cost-saving laboratory was the 1:1 soil-to-suspension ratio of 0.01 M CaCl2, which owned R2 of 0.766 and RMSE of 0.013, as its pH measurement was similar to those under the most optimal method.
背景:土壤pH值的测定方法多种多样。它们之间的关键区别在于电解质和土壤与悬浮液的比率。然而，需要一种适合特定土壤的最佳程序。因此，本研究旨在评估电解质和土壤悬浮比对土壤pH的影响，并优化酸性粗糙土壤的pH测量方法。方法:采用不同的标准电解质(水、0.01 M CaCl2和1 M KCl)和土悬液比(1:1、1:2.5和1:5 w/v)测量30个酸性最粗质地土壤样品的pH值。结果:土壤pH值依次为:水> 0.01 M CaCl2 > 1 M KCI。较高的土壤ph值是悬浮体积增大的结果。对于酸性粗质土壤，以1 M KCl的土悬比1:2.5为最佳pH测量方法，其R2最高(0.850)，均方根误差(RMSE)最低(0.010)，是最精确的测量方法。另一种适合节省实验室成本的方法是1:1土悬比0.01 M CaCl2，由于其pH值与最优方法相似，其R2为0.766,RMSE为0.013。
{"title":"Effects of Electrolytes and Soil-to-suspension Ratios on pH in Acidic-coarse Textured Soil","authors":"S. Butnan, P. Sriraj, B. Toomsan","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-785","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil pH is determined using a variety of methods. The key differences among them are the electrolytes and soil-to-suspension ratios. However, an optimal procedure tailored to a particular soil is required. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effects of electrolytes and soil-to-suspension ratios on soil pH and to optimise pH measurement methods for acidic-coarsely textured soil. Methods: Varied standard electrolytes (water, 0.01 M CaCl2 and 1 M KCl) and soil-to-suspension ratios (1:1, 1:2.5 and 1:5 w/v) were used to measure the pH of thirty samples of acidic-coarsest textured soil. Result: Soil pH values were observed in the following order: water greater than 0.01 M CaCl2 greater than 1 M KCI. Higher soil pHs were a result of higher suspension volumes. The most optimal pH measurement method for an acidic-coarsely textured soil was obtained from the 1:2.5 soil-to-suspension ratio of 1 M KCl, which held the highest R2 (0.850), as well as the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) (0.010), indicating the most precise method. An alternative method suitable for a cost-saving laboratory was the 1:1 soil-to-suspension ratio of 0.01 M CaCl2, which owned R2 of 0.766 and RMSE of 0.013, as its pH measurement was similar to those under the most optimal method.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48917047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Kerala flood in 2018 and 2019 had reduced the yield in many agricultural plots of Attapadi, Kerala, India. The scope of the study was to identify the potential native plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from the post flood-affected sites to rejuvenate the nutrient depleted soils. Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of agricultural microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Kerala during 2020-2022. Bacteria were isolated from post flood-affected agricultural soils of Attapadi in Palakkad district of Kerala, India. Three morphologically distinct isolates were screened for cellulase, laccase and dehydrogenase to select the best bacterial isolate that could produce the multifunctional enzymes for rejuvenation of flood-affected soils. The isolate were also screened for plant growth promotion traits such as; indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilizing ability, nitrogen fixing ability and potassium solubilizing ability. Result: The most promising isolate was identified as Ignatzschineria cameli, which was found to be a high indole acetic acid producer along with phosphate and potassium solubilizing ability and revealed as the first report of PGPR from post flood-affected soils of Kerala.
{"title":"Ignatzschineria cameli Strain KAUPDF7-A First Report on Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the Post-flood Affected Soils of Kerala","authors":"A. Haseena, K. Gopal","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kerala flood in 2018 and 2019 had reduced the yield in many agricultural plots of Attapadi, Kerala, India. The scope of the study was to identify the potential native plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from the post flood-affected sites to rejuvenate the nutrient depleted soils. Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of agricultural microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Kerala during 2020-2022. Bacteria were isolated from post flood-affected agricultural soils of Attapadi in Palakkad district of Kerala, India. Three morphologically distinct isolates were screened for cellulase, laccase and dehydrogenase to select the best bacterial isolate that could produce the multifunctional enzymes for rejuvenation of flood-affected soils. The isolate were also screened for plant growth promotion traits such as; indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilizing ability, nitrogen fixing ability and potassium solubilizing ability. Result: The most promising isolate was identified as Ignatzschineria cameli, which was found to be a high indole acetic acid producer along with phosphate and potassium solubilizing ability and revealed as the first report of PGPR from post flood-affected soils of Kerala.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Centella asiatica L. is a traditional medicinal plant popular in several Asian countries. The cultivation of this herb is facing the problem of overuse of chemical fertilizers and quality deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic and non-organic fertilizer on growth, yield and phytochemical content of centella. Methods: The set-up was performed in the field from June to November 2021. The treatments were: no fertilizer (control); inorganic fertilizer (the famer’s recommended rate; 150 kg N ha-1:50 kg P ha-1: 50 kg K ha-1); organic compost (10 tones ha-1); inorganic fertilizer (a half of recommendation rate; 75 kg N ha-1:25 kg P ha-1: 25 kg K ha-1);organic compost (5 tones ha-1) plus inorganic fertilizer (a half of recommendation rate; 100 kg N ha-1:25 kg P ha-1: 25 kg K ha-1). Result: The application of fertilizer increased the plant growth, biomass production and total chlorophyll content of centella. Nonetheless, the high amount of inorganic fertilizer led to a reduction in the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in centella leaf. The combination of organic compost and inorganic fertilizer produced maximum growth and increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
背景:积雪草(Centella asiatica L.)是流行于亚洲多个国家的传统药用植物。中药栽培面临着化肥过量使用和质量恶化的问题。本试验旨在探讨有机肥和非有机肥对积雪草生长、产量和植物化学成分的影响。方法:于2021年6月~ 11月在野外进行设置。处理为:不施肥(对照);无机肥料(农户推荐用量;150 kg N hm -1∶50 kg P hm -1∶50 kg K hm -1);有机堆肥(10吨/公顷);无机肥料(推荐率的一半;75 kg N hm -1∶25 kg P hm -1∶25 kg K hm -1);有机堆肥(5吨hm -1)加无机肥料(推荐量的一半;100 kg N hm -1∶25 kg P hm -1∶25 kg K hm -1)。结果:施肥对积雪草植株生长、生物量产量和叶绿素含量均有促进作用。然而，高浓度无机肥导致积雪草叶片植物化学成分含量和抗氧化活性降低。有机堆肥与无机肥配施能最大限度地提高植株的总酚含量和抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Centella asiatica L. in Response to Organic and Chemical Fertilizer","authors":"T. T. Duc, H. Hoang","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-780","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Centella asiatica L. is a traditional medicinal plant popular in several Asian countries. The cultivation of this herb is facing the problem of overuse of chemical fertilizers and quality deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic and non-organic fertilizer on growth, yield and phytochemical content of centella. Methods: The set-up was performed in the field from June to November 2021. The treatments were: no fertilizer (control); inorganic fertilizer (the famer’s recommended rate; 150 kg N ha-1:50 kg P ha-1: 50 kg K ha-1); organic compost (10 tones ha-1); inorganic fertilizer (a half of recommendation rate; 75 kg N ha-1:25 kg P ha-1: 25 kg K ha-1);organic compost (5 tones ha-1) plus inorganic fertilizer (a half of recommendation rate; 100 kg N ha-1:25 kg P ha-1: 25 kg K ha-1). Result: The application of fertilizer increased the plant growth, biomass production and total chlorophyll content of centella. Nonetheless, the high amount of inorganic fertilizer led to a reduction in the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in centella leaf. The combination of organic compost and inorganic fertilizer produced maximum growth and increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42119160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varsha D. Savanth, B. Gowrishankar, K. Roopa, Seema J. Patel
Background: Bacillus pumilus grows on different substrates and produces Endo-1, 4-β-xylanase (EXase) which degrades the hemicellulose and produces xylooligosaccharides. EXase found applications in paper, pulp and in food industries. The objective of this study is to investigate the compositional effect of lignocellulosic biomass as substrate for the production of EXase by Bacillus pumilus. Methods: The EXase production depends on the composition of substrate (agro-industrial residue), Bacillus pumilus, media composition and performance of fermentation method. Thus, we have evaluated the effect of composition on the production of EXase. The higher content of hemicellulose of substrate indulges EXase production. Moreover, ICP-MS, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and SEM analyses confirmed that significant alternation of substrate structure by Bacillus pumilus due to the EXase actions. Result: Based on the results of the hydrolytic enzyme activation and characterization studies suggested that Bacillus pumilus produced EXase highest for sugarcane bagasse 1190 U/mg by degrading the sugarcane bagasse as a low-cost carbon sources and effective media composition (Minimal Salt Yeast Extract Nutrient Medium) for nitrogen source, also with the presence of metal ions such as Cu++, Fe++, Mn++ for increased the production of EXase.
{"title":"Effect of Agro-industrial Residue Composition on the Production of Endo-1, 4-β-Xylanase by Bacillus pumilus","authors":"Varsha D. Savanth, B. Gowrishankar, K. Roopa, Seema J. Patel","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6076","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacillus pumilus grows on different substrates and produces Endo-1, 4-β-xylanase (EXase) which degrades the hemicellulose and produces xylooligosaccharides. EXase found applications in paper, pulp and in food industries. The objective of this study is to investigate the compositional effect of lignocellulosic biomass as substrate for the production of EXase by Bacillus pumilus. Methods: The EXase production depends on the composition of substrate (agro-industrial residue), Bacillus pumilus, media composition and performance of fermentation method. Thus, we have evaluated the effect of composition on the production of EXase. The higher content of hemicellulose of substrate indulges EXase production. Moreover, ICP-MS, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and SEM analyses confirmed that significant alternation of substrate structure by Bacillus pumilus due to the EXase actions. Result: Based on the results of the hydrolytic enzyme activation and characterization studies suggested that Bacillus pumilus produced EXase highest for sugarcane bagasse 1190 U/mg by degrading the sugarcane bagasse as a low-cost carbon sources and effective media composition (Minimal Salt Yeast Extract Nutrient Medium) for nitrogen source, also with the presence of metal ions such as Cu++, Fe++, Mn++ for increased the production of EXase.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Water is one of the factors limiting rice cultivation on raindrop land. The provision of mycorrhizae can help the absorption of water in the soil solum deeper. Besides, it can also save the use of nitrogen and phosphor fertilizers in water-choked conditions. This research aimed to optimize dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth in rainfed lowland rice applied mycorrhizae. Methods: This research was carried out from April to July 2019 in rainfed lowland rice with entisol in Demangan, Sambi, Boyolali, Center Java, Indonesia The research method was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, i.e., 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha-1. The second factor was the dosage of phosphorus fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, i.e., 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg ha-1. Result: The results showed that fertilizer dosage of nitrogen of 90 kg ha-1 and phosphorus of 50 kg ha-1 increased the leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), and crop growth rate (CGR). The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can improve the Situ Bagendit variety’s physiological character better than without fertilizer. Rice cultivation in rainfed lowland rice applied mycorrhizae should use nitrogen of 90 kg ha-1 and phosphorus of 50 kg ha-1.
背景：水是限制雨滴地水稻种植的因素之一。菌根的提供可以帮助土壤深层吸收水分。此外，在缺水条件下，它还可以节省氮磷肥料的使用。本研究旨在优化氮磷肥料用量对施用菌根的旱地水稻生长的影响。方法：本研究于2019年4月至7月在印度尼西亚爪哇岛中部的德曼甘、桑比、博约拉利等地的旱地低地水稻上进行。研究方法为随机完全区组设计（RCBD），三次重复。第一个因素是氮肥的用量，它由四个水平组成，即0、45、90和135 kg ha-1。第二个因素是磷肥的用量，它由四个水平组成，即0、25、50和75 kg ha-1。结果：施用90 kg ha-1氮和50 kg ha-1磷可提高作物叶面积指数（LAI）、叶面积持续时间（LAD）、净同化率（NAR）和生长速率（CGR）。施氮、磷肥能较好地改善司徒巴根地品种的生理特性。施用菌根的旱地低地水稻栽培应使用90 kg ha-1的氮和50 kg ha-1。
{"title":"Growth Analysis of Situ Bagendit Variety in Rainfed Lowland Rice Applied Mycorrhizae with Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Entisol","authors":"A. Aziez, Soelistijono ., S. Priyadi, Haryuni .","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-778","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Water is one of the factors limiting rice cultivation on raindrop land. The provision of mycorrhizae can help the absorption of water in the soil solum deeper. Besides, it can also save the use of nitrogen and phosphor fertilizers in water-choked conditions. This research aimed to optimize dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth in rainfed lowland rice applied mycorrhizae. Methods: This research was carried out from April to July 2019 in rainfed lowland rice with entisol in Demangan, Sambi, Boyolali, Center Java, Indonesia The research method was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, i.e., 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha-1. The second factor was the dosage of phosphorus fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, i.e., 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg ha-1. Result: The results showed that fertilizer dosage of nitrogen of 90 kg ha-1 and phosphorus of 50 kg ha-1 increased the leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), and crop growth rate (CGR). The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can improve the Situ Bagendit variety’s physiological character better than without fertilizer. Rice cultivation in rainfed lowland rice applied mycorrhizae should use nitrogen of 90 kg ha-1 and phosphorus of 50 kg ha-1.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49625949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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