Doris Akua Dzimega, G. Amenorpe, K. Danso, S. Amiteye, W. Elegba, Prince Buertey Kpentey, C. Akama
Background: Colchicine acts as a polyploidy inducer but at high concentrations, it causes high cell mortality. To improve the efficiency of colchicine polyploidization in cassava, leaf lobes colchicine-sensitivity tests were carried out and LD50 determined at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25g/l colchicine concentrations in the varieties Ankrah, Dagati, Tomfa and Tuaka. Methods: Colchicine treated leaf lobes were regenerated into callus on either 8 mg/l 2, 4-D or Picloram. The calli were subsequently regenerated into somatic embryos by NAA. LD50 of 0.09, 0.11, 0.13 and 0.09 mg/L colchicine concentration were determined for Ankrah, Dagati, Tomfa and Tuaka respectively in 2, 4-D. Similarly, LD50 of 0.12, 0.10, 0.14 and 0.10 mg/L were respectively obtained in Picloram. Result: In 2, 4-D, Ankrah and Tuaka were more sensitive to colchicine than Dagati and Tomfa whereas in picloram, Dagati and Tuaka showed more sensitivity. Callus proliferation differed significantly among varieties and influenced by the concentration of colchicine.
{"title":"Colchicine-sensitivity Test in Cassava Leaf Lobes and its Effect on Callus and Somatic Embryo Formation","authors":"Doris Akua Dzimega, G. Amenorpe, K. Danso, S. Amiteye, W. Elegba, Prince Buertey Kpentey, C. Akama","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-775","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colchicine acts as a polyploidy inducer but at high concentrations, it causes high cell mortality. To improve the efficiency of colchicine polyploidization in cassava, leaf lobes colchicine-sensitivity tests were carried out and LD50 determined at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25g/l colchicine concentrations in the varieties Ankrah, Dagati, Tomfa and Tuaka. Methods: Colchicine treated leaf lobes were regenerated into callus on either 8 mg/l 2, 4-D or Picloram. The calli were subsequently regenerated into somatic embryos by NAA. LD50 of 0.09, 0.11, 0.13 and 0.09 mg/L colchicine concentration were determined for Ankrah, Dagati, Tomfa and Tuaka respectively in 2, 4-D. Similarly, LD50 of 0.12, 0.10, 0.14 and 0.10 mg/L were respectively obtained in Picloram. Result: In 2, 4-D, Ankrah and Tuaka were more sensitive to colchicine than Dagati and Tomfa whereas in picloram, Dagati and Tuaka showed more sensitivity. Callus proliferation differed significantly among varieties and influenced by the concentration of colchicine.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49196639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In the present quantitative and qualitative study, to compare the new variety of naked barley with other cereals (durum wheat, commun wheat, coated barley). Regarding the richness in phytonutrients including mainly flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins condensed in a hydroponic culture. Methods: The experiment was conducted in Laboratory of life sciences and techniques, Souk Ahras University in Algeria during 2019-2022. The antioxidant power was tested according to the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results obtained from the quantitative study of methanolic extracts show that varieties rich in tannins and flavonoids have a significant antioxidant activity than a variety rich only in total polyphenols. Qualitative studies based on HPLC of these compounds allow us to visualize phenolic traces of our extracts, this analysis showed that our extracts mainly contain flavonoids of the flavone and flavonol type, potentially interesting for their biological properties. Result: The results reported the existence of a very highly significant difference (P less than 0.001) between IC50 of the new variety Chaiir Ennabi (Naked Barley) compared to ascorbic acid, which shows a lower antioxidant activity of this variety.Barley variety Barbarous (coated barley) had the highest antioxidant activities and the highest contents of phenolic compounds.
{"title":"Phytochemical Characterization of Hydroponic Naked Barley, Analysis of Antioxidant Potential","authors":"Bechiri Romayssa, Belahcene Nabiha, Zenati Noureddine","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-768","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the present quantitative and qualitative study, to compare the new variety of naked barley with other cereals (durum wheat, commun wheat, coated barley). Regarding the richness in phytonutrients including mainly flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins condensed in a hydroponic culture. Methods: The experiment was conducted in Laboratory of life sciences and techniques, Souk Ahras University in Algeria during 2019-2022. The antioxidant power was tested according to the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results obtained from the quantitative study of methanolic extracts show that varieties rich in tannins and flavonoids have a significant antioxidant activity than a variety rich only in total polyphenols. Qualitative studies based on HPLC of these compounds allow us to visualize phenolic traces of our extracts, this analysis showed that our extracts mainly contain flavonoids of the flavone and flavonol type, potentially interesting for their biological properties. Result: The results reported the existence of a very highly significant difference (P less than 0.001) between IC50 of the new variety Chaiir Ennabi (Naked Barley) compared to ascorbic acid, which shows a lower antioxidant activity of this variety.Barley variety Barbarous (coated barley) had the highest antioxidant activities and the highest contents of phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48328468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benmoussa Kouache, Zakia Kaci, M. Brada, M. Fauconnier
Background: The aim of the present work was to study the chemical composition and evaluate the insecticidal activity of Thymus algeriensis Boiss and Reut. essential oil (TAEO) against Aphis fabae Scopoli is a polyphafous which desap many cultivated plants, under shelter and in the open field. Methods: The extraction of essential oil from the aerial parts of T. algeriensis was performed by hydro-distillation (yield: 2.7% w/w). The extracted essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and by gas chromatography (GC). Result: From this essential oil 22 compounds representing 92.27% of the oil were identified. The main constituents were carvacrol (61.5%), g-terpinene (8.81%) and p-cymene (10.83%). The experiment was carried out in random blocks (05), to study the behavior of Aphis fabae and its host, namely Vicia fabae. Thus, twenty-five bean plants infested with black aphids were chosen and distributed at random. The plants were treated by spraying at different doses of (HETA) (control, acetone; 0.1; 0.05 and 0.01%). The results obtained showed that TAEO at 0.1% results in a decrease of infestation rate of A. fabae, leading a mortality rate of 75.51%.The results of the treatment carried out at the beginning of spring are very promising; oil could thus be used as bio-insecticide.
{"title":"Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Thymus algeriensis Boiss and Reut. Essential Oil against Aphis fabae Scopoli1763","authors":"Benmoussa Kouache, Zakia Kaci, M. Brada, M. Fauconnier","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-783","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the present work was to study the chemical composition and evaluate the insecticidal activity of Thymus algeriensis Boiss and Reut. essential oil (TAEO) against Aphis fabae Scopoli is a polyphafous which desap many cultivated plants, under shelter and in the open field. Methods: The extraction of essential oil from the aerial parts of T. algeriensis was performed by hydro-distillation (yield: 2.7% w/w). The extracted essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and by gas chromatography (GC). Result: From this essential oil 22 compounds representing 92.27% of the oil were identified. The main constituents were carvacrol (61.5%), g-terpinene (8.81%) and p-cymene (10.83%). The experiment was carried out in random blocks (05), to study the behavior of Aphis fabae and its host, namely Vicia fabae. Thus, twenty-five bean plants infested with black aphids were chosen and distributed at random. The plants were treated by spraying at different doses of (HETA) (control, acetone; 0.1; 0.05 and 0.01%). The results obtained showed that TAEO at 0.1% results in a decrease of infestation rate of A. fabae, leading a mortality rate of 75.51%.The results of the treatment carried out at the beginning of spring are very promising; oil could thus be used as bio-insecticide.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43899086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Alternaria leaf spot caused by two species namely Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata is an important foliar disease of cotton. Conidial morphology showed that most of the isolates in the study belonged to A. macrospora. Molecular confirmation is necessary to strengthen the identification of species in Alternaria. Genetic diversity study of Alternaria isolates using ISSR and hyper variable SSR primers will provide variation and grouping among the isolates collected from major areas of South Zone of India. Present study was conducted to identify Alternaria isolates at species level using molecular methods (species specific primers) and genetic diversity analysis using ITS, SSR and ISSR primers. Methods: Reported species-specific primers such as AmF and AmR as well as AaF2 and AaF3 were used for Alternaria species identification. ITS region was amplified through ITS1 and ITS4 and sequences were used for identification and clustering of isolates. Thirteen hyper variable SSR primers specific to Alternaria were designed based on the sequences retrieved from NCBI and used for diversity study. Six different ISSR primers were also used for genetic diversity study. Result: Reported species-specific primers found not suitable to identify A. macrospora and A. alternata at species level. Two SSR primers were found to be effective in showing variability among the isolates. Six clusters were formed at 71 percent genetic dissimilarity among 15 isolates of Alternaria through ISSR primers. Five clusters were formed in ITS sequence’s diversity analysis. Blasting of ITS sequences of 15 selected isolates at NCBI showed that all belong to A. alternata. This was due to absence or presence of very few sequences of A. macrospora in NCBI database itself. Further house-keeping genes like Alt a1, Plasma membrane ATPase, GAPDH and TEF -1 α sequence analysis will be useful for confirmation of A. macrospora at species level.
{"title":"Molecular Identification and Genetic Diversity of Alternaria Isolates Causing Leaf Spot Disease in Cotton from Major Cotton Growing Areas of South Zone of India","authors":"A. S. Kumar, D. Raghavendra","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alternaria leaf spot caused by two species namely Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata is an important foliar disease of cotton. Conidial morphology showed that most of the isolates in the study belonged to A. macrospora. Molecular confirmation is necessary to strengthen the identification of species in Alternaria. Genetic diversity study of Alternaria isolates using ISSR and hyper variable SSR primers will provide variation and grouping among the isolates collected from major areas of South Zone of India. Present study was conducted to identify Alternaria isolates at species level using molecular methods (species specific primers) and genetic diversity analysis using ITS, SSR and ISSR primers. Methods: Reported species-specific primers such as AmF and AmR as well as AaF2 and AaF3 were used for Alternaria species identification. ITS region was amplified through ITS1 and ITS4 and sequences were used for identification and clustering of isolates. Thirteen hyper variable SSR primers specific to Alternaria were designed based on the sequences retrieved from NCBI and used for diversity study. Six different ISSR primers were also used for genetic diversity study. Result: Reported species-specific primers found not suitable to identify A. macrospora and A. alternata at species level. Two SSR primers were found to be effective in showing variability among the isolates. Six clusters were formed at 71 percent genetic dissimilarity among 15 isolates of Alternaria through ISSR primers. Five clusters were formed in ITS sequence’s diversity analysis. Blasting of ITS sequences of 15 selected isolates at NCBI showed that all belong to A. alternata. This was due to absence or presence of very few sequences of A. macrospora in NCBI database itself. Further house-keeping genes like Alt a1, Plasma membrane ATPase, GAPDH and TEF -1 α sequence analysis will be useful for confirmation of A. macrospora at species level.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44371496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Droughts during the growing season are becoming increasingly common due to climate change and global warming. The study’s goal study was to assess the adaptation mechanisms of C. coggygria Scop. under simulated water deficit conditions using indicators characterized changes in the leaf stomatal apparatus and photosynthesizing system. Methods: The influence of osmotic polyethylene glycol 6000 on the research object C. coggygria regenerants was studied in vitro. Such indicators as morphological changes, pigment content, stomatal density and size and stomatal slit size were quantified. Result: Due to the influence of osmotic stress, there was a pigment content increase in the leaf plate on osmotic media. Stomatal density raised by 27.0-29.8% in explant cells cultivated on PEG 4.0-6.0%. Under the osmotic influence, there was a drop in the stomatal cells’ area and shape and the ratio of stomatal length to width in the regenerant leaves decreased from 1.5 to 1.0-1.1. These results indicate the adaptation of C. coggygria regenerants to stress caused by an artificial drought in vitro. The changes’ identification in the stomatal apparatus and the C. coggygria pigment ratio will accelerate the selective screening of drought-resistant plants for use in protective forestry.Background: Droughts during the growing season are becoming increasingly common due to climate change and global warming. The study’s goal study was to assess the adaptation mechanisms of C. coggygria Scop. under simulated water deficit conditions using indicators characterized changes in the leaf stomatal apparatus and photosynthesizing system.
{"title":"Screening Smoke Tree (Cotinus coggygria Scop.) on Osmotic Stress using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 in vitro","authors":"O. Zholobova, I. Mogilevskaya, S.V. Melnik","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-781","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Droughts during the growing season are becoming increasingly common due to climate change and global warming. The study’s goal study was to assess the adaptation mechanisms of C. coggygria Scop. under simulated water deficit conditions using indicators characterized changes in the leaf stomatal apparatus and photosynthesizing system. Methods: The influence of osmotic polyethylene glycol 6000 on the research object C. coggygria regenerants was studied in vitro. Such indicators as morphological changes, pigment content, stomatal density and size and stomatal slit size were quantified. Result: Due to the influence of osmotic stress, there was a pigment content increase in the leaf plate on osmotic media. Stomatal density raised by 27.0-29.8% in explant cells cultivated on PEG 4.0-6.0%. Under the osmotic influence, there was a drop in the stomatal cells’ area and shape and the ratio of stomatal length to width in the regenerant leaves decreased from 1.5 to 1.0-1.1. These results indicate the adaptation of C. coggygria regenerants to stress caused by an artificial drought in vitro. The changes’ identification in the stomatal apparatus and the C. coggygria pigment ratio will accelerate the selective screening of drought-resistant plants for use in protective forestry.Background: Droughts during the growing season are becoming increasingly common due to climate change and global warming. The study’s goal study was to assess the adaptation mechanisms of C. coggygria Scop. under simulated water deficit conditions using indicators characterized changes in the leaf stomatal apparatus and photosynthesizing system.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41477112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shankar, S. N. Meera, S. Arunkumar, R.V.T. Balazzii Naaik, K. Sumalini, V. Ravindernaik
Background: Rice is a major cereal crop and a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Frontline demonstrations on rice with improved rice varieties, production and protection technologies were organized to increase crop productivity and profitability of farmers. Methods: Frontline demonstrations (FLD) on rice with recently released short-duration varieties, RNR 15048 and KNM 118 and proven technologies in crop production and crop protection were conducted on farmer’s fields by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kampasagar, PJTSAU, Nalgonda, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017-2019. Result: Higher mean yield (6314.0 kg ha-1) was obtained in improved varieties RNR 15048 and KNM 118 with the latest agro-technologies such as seed treatment with carbendazim @ 1g lt-1 of water, seed rate @ 62.5 kg ha-1, application of carbofuran 3G in rice nursery, recommended dose of fertilizers in the main field, need-based plant protection practices such as formation of alleyways, installation of pheromone traps at 25 DAT, application of carbofuran 3G @ 25 kg ha-1, spraying of Pymetrozine @ 250 g ha-1 to control brown plant hopper in rice against the local check MTU 1010 (5823.0 kg ha-1) in the farmers’ practice and on an average 8.3% superiority was observed over the farmer’s practice. Yield contributing traits like plant height (85.3 cm), number of tillers m-2 (343.3), effective tillers m-2 (319.0), panicle length (21.0 cm) and straw yield (4904.3 kg ha-1) were maximum in improved practice against the farmers’ practice, except test weight (24.7 g). Improved practices resulted in higher gross returns (Rs. 1, 10, 890 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 61,675 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1:2.3) than the farmer’s practice.
背景:水稻是一种主要的谷类作物，是世界上一半以上人口的主食。组织开展水稻改良品种、生产和保护技术的一线示范，提高作物产量和农民收益。方法:在2017-2019年的丰收季节，Krishi Vigyan Kendra、Kampasagar、PJTSAU、Nalgonda、Telangana等地对最近发布的短周期品种RNR 15048和KNM 118以及作物生产和作物保护方面的成熟技术进行了一线示范(FLD)。结果:改良品种RNR 15048和KNM 118通过最新的农业技术获得了更高的平均产量(6314.0 kg hm -1)，这些技术包括:多菌灵(1g l -1水)处理种子，种子率(62.5 kg hm -1)，在水稻苗圃中施用第三代呋喃，在主田施用推荐剂量的肥料，基于需求的植物保护措施，如形成小巷，在25 DAT安装信息素诱杀器，施用第三代呋喃(25 kg hm -1)，在农民的做法中，喷洒250 g hm -1吡蚜酮防治水稻褐飞虱，与当地检查MTU 1010 (5823.0 kg hm -1)相比，平均优于农民的做法8.3%。除试验重(24.7 g)外，改良做法的株高(85.3 cm)、分蘖数(343.3 cm)、有效分蘖数(319.0 cm)、穗长(21.0 cm)和秸秆产量(4904.3 kg hm -1)对产量的贡献最大。改良做法的总收益(1、10、890 hm -1)、净收益(61675 hm -1)和B: C比(1:2.3)均高于农民做法。
{"title":"Assessment of Frontline Demonstration on Rice Production in Telangana","authors":"M. Shankar, S. N. Meera, S. Arunkumar, R.V.T. Balazzii Naaik, K. Sumalini, V. Ravindernaik","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice is a major cereal crop and a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Frontline demonstrations on rice with improved rice varieties, production and protection technologies were organized to increase crop productivity and profitability of farmers. Methods: Frontline demonstrations (FLD) on rice with recently released short-duration varieties, RNR 15048 and KNM 118 and proven technologies in crop production and crop protection were conducted on farmer’s fields by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kampasagar, PJTSAU, Nalgonda, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017-2019. Result: Higher mean yield (6314.0 kg ha-1) was obtained in improved varieties RNR 15048 and KNM 118 with the latest agro-technologies such as seed treatment with carbendazim @ 1g lt-1 of water, seed rate @ 62.5 kg ha-1, application of carbofuran 3G in rice nursery, recommended dose of fertilizers in the main field, need-based plant protection practices such as formation of alleyways, installation of pheromone traps at 25 DAT, application of carbofuran 3G @ 25 kg ha-1, spraying of Pymetrozine @ 250 g ha-1 to control brown plant hopper in rice against the local check MTU 1010 (5823.0 kg ha-1) in the farmers’ practice and on an average 8.3% superiority was observed over the farmer’s practice. Yield contributing traits like plant height (85.3 cm), number of tillers m-2 (343.3), effective tillers m-2 (319.0), panicle length (21.0 cm) and straw yield (4904.3 kg ha-1) were maximum in improved practice against the farmers’ practice, except test weight (24.7 g). Improved practices resulted in higher gross returns (Rs. 1, 10, 890 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 61,675 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1:2.3) than the farmer’s practice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43292403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sarkar, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Anita Jaswal, Pritha Ghosh
Background: Mustard is an oil seed crop and most oilseed crops are cross pollinated. A substantial increase in seed production requires adequate pollination. Rapeseed and mustard are both self-pollinated and cross-pollinated plants. Brown sarson is a cross pollinated crop whose seed production is reliant on honeybees and wild insect pollinators. Methods: All parameters were carefully monitored during 2019-2021 crop growing year. Mustard blooming crop was visited by 12 insect species from 4 orders and 7 families. Hymenopterans were the most common visitors followed by others. Temperature and sunshine increased honeybee foraging, while relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall declined the same. Result: In this present investigation, amongst the various attractant used for attracting pollinators jaggery solution 10 per cent and sugar solution 10 per cent were found superior to attract the maximum number of bees on crop and recorded highest yield and more oil and protein content in the seeds as compared to other treatments.
{"title":"A Sustainable Approach to Improve the Mustard (Brassica juncea) Yield and Quality Parameters by Bees Visitation in the Regions of Punjab-India","authors":"S. Sarkar, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Anita Jaswal, Pritha Ghosh","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mustard is an oil seed crop and most oilseed crops are cross pollinated. A substantial increase in seed production requires adequate pollination. Rapeseed and mustard are both self-pollinated and cross-pollinated plants. Brown sarson is a cross pollinated crop whose seed production is reliant on honeybees and wild insect pollinators. Methods: All parameters were carefully monitored during 2019-2021 crop growing year. Mustard blooming crop was visited by 12 insect species from 4 orders and 7 families. Hymenopterans were the most common visitors followed by others. Temperature and sunshine increased honeybee foraging, while relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall declined the same. Result: In this present investigation, amongst the various attractant used for attracting pollinators jaggery solution 10 per cent and sugar solution 10 per cent were found superior to attract the maximum number of bees on crop and recorded highest yield and more oil and protein content in the seeds as compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49415804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. D. Alabi, G. D. Arthur, R. Coopoosamy, K. Naidoo, S. T. Mbanjwa, L.P. Tshapha
Background: The influence of inorganic fertilizer has posed considerable challenges on increasing food production worldwide. A careful plan is required to increase the yield and quality of crops. A profound knowledge on the use of organic manure involvement in plant growth and development could be beneficial for food production. The use of acceptable inorganic and different concentrations of vermicompost has been used in an attempt to enhance crop growth and development with the aim of increasing food production. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of vermicompost tea concentrate extracted from cow manure and grass cutting on physiological responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).Vegetative growth and yield of tomato was stimulated by mineralization of organic waste coupled with the mesophilic action of earthworm. Vermicompost is a by-product of earthworm tissues. It is a nutrient source rich in essential components for plant growth and development. Methods: An investigation was conducted in pot media under exposed natural conditions from August 2020 to November 2020 at Mangosuthu University of Technology. In this experiment, the growth of tomato plants were subjected to different vermicompost concentrations and amended with NPK fertilizer were studied. Sandy loam soil of about 5 kg were weighted into pot media (2.0mheight, 2.3m diameter). The experiment was set up in a completely randomized block design consisting of five treatments with five replicates per treatment. Treatments included: Positive control (PC), 5%VCL+NPK, 10% VCL+NPK, 20%VCL+NPK and the inorganic (NPK). Result: revealed that there were significant differences at (P less than 0.01) among the treatments with respect to plant height and number of leaves from week three to week eight. Similar trends were found with 5% VCL+NPK, 10% VCL+NPK, 20% VCL+NPK and the NPK treatments. This may be due to phytohormone release from earthworm tissue. Tomato flower inflorescence was significant at (P less than 0.01). Tomato fruit, different components at harvest which were, weight wet and dry weight were higher with NPK treated at (P less than 0.01) than the 5% VCL+NPK, 10% VCL+NPK. Root length in 20% concentration was considerably higher than the other treatments. The results showed that minimum supplementation with inorganic fertiliser may be necessary with vermicompost leachate in order to successfully grow crops in nutrient deficient soil.
{"title":"Vermicompost Leachate a Viable Bio-stimulant for Tomato Growth and Yield (Solanum lycopersicum)","authors":"O. D. Alabi, G. D. Arthur, R. Coopoosamy, K. Naidoo, S. T. Mbanjwa, L.P. Tshapha","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-750","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The influence of inorganic fertilizer has posed considerable challenges on increasing food production worldwide. A careful plan is required to increase the yield and quality of crops. A profound knowledge on the use of organic manure involvement in plant growth and development could be beneficial for food production. The use of acceptable inorganic and different concentrations of vermicompost has been used in an attempt to enhance crop growth and development with the aim of increasing food production. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of vermicompost tea concentrate extracted from cow manure and grass cutting on physiological responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).Vegetative growth and yield of tomato was stimulated by mineralization of organic waste coupled with the mesophilic action of earthworm. Vermicompost is a by-product of earthworm tissues. It is a nutrient source rich in essential components for plant growth and development. Methods: An investigation was conducted in pot media under exposed natural conditions from August 2020 to November 2020 at Mangosuthu University of Technology. In this experiment, the growth of tomato plants were subjected to different vermicompost concentrations and amended with NPK fertilizer were studied. Sandy loam soil of about 5 kg were weighted into pot media (2.0mheight, 2.3m diameter). The experiment was set up in a completely randomized block design consisting of five treatments with five replicates per treatment. Treatments included: Positive control (PC), 5%VCL+NPK, 10% VCL+NPK, 20%VCL+NPK and the inorganic (NPK). Result: revealed that there were significant differences at (P less than 0.01) among the treatments with respect to plant height and number of leaves from week three to week eight. Similar trends were found with 5% VCL+NPK, 10% VCL+NPK, 20% VCL+NPK and the NPK treatments. This may be due to phytohormone release from earthworm tissue. Tomato flower inflorescence was significant at (P less than 0.01). Tomato fruit, different components at harvest which were, weight wet and dry weight were higher with NPK treated at (P less than 0.01) than the 5% VCL+NPK, 10% VCL+NPK. Root length in 20% concentration was considerably higher than the other treatments. The results showed that minimum supplementation with inorganic fertiliser may be necessary with vermicompost leachate in order to successfully grow crops in nutrient deficient soil.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47200643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis is one of the dependable method through which crop specific land suitability can be analyzed. Agricultural land suitability analysis for the pearl millet in the Arid Western Plain Zone of Rajasthan was the major focus of the present study. Methods: Nine criteria viz. mean temperature in the growing season (°C), total rainfall (mm), soil phosphorus (kg/h), soil texture, soil pH, soil organic carbon (%), salinity (dS/m), slope of the land (%) and landuse-landcover and their corresponding sub-criteria were selected. Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) was performed on the selected criteria through pair-wise comparison matrix and individual weights were determined and represented through Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA). Result: Temperature in the growing season (20.68%), total rainfall (15.90%) and landuse/ landcover (14.39%) depicted relatively higher weightage with consistency ratio of 0.087. Results obtained from WOA in GIS environment depicted four suitability category namely Highly suitable (S1), Moderately suitable (S2), Marginally suitable (S3) and Restricted (N). Significant percentage of area was categorized under S2 category while S3 category was associated with least area with limitations like relatively higher slope and higher salinity. The proposed model validation was performed with overall accuracy of 88.10% using confusion matrix.
{"title":"Agricultural Land Suitability Categorization and Evaluation using GIS Assisted AHP in the Arid Western Plain Zone of Rajasthan, India","authors":"Sonia ., Sunita ., Rakesh Kumar Verma, Tathagata Ghosh, Rajarshi Kumar Gaur","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis is one of the dependable method through which crop specific land suitability can be analyzed. Agricultural land suitability analysis for the pearl millet in the Arid Western Plain Zone of Rajasthan was the major focus of the present study. Methods: Nine criteria viz. mean temperature in the growing season (°C), total rainfall (mm), soil phosphorus (kg/h), soil texture, soil pH, soil organic carbon (%), salinity (dS/m), slope of the land (%) and landuse-landcover and their corresponding sub-criteria were selected. Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) was performed on the selected criteria through pair-wise comparison matrix and individual weights were determined and represented through Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA). Result: Temperature in the growing season (20.68%), total rainfall (15.90%) and landuse/ landcover (14.39%) depicted relatively higher weightage with consistency ratio of 0.087. Results obtained from WOA in GIS environment depicted four suitability category namely Highly suitable (S1), Moderately suitable (S2), Marginally suitable (S3) and Restricted (N). Significant percentage of area was categorized under S2 category while S3 category was associated with least area with limitations like relatively higher slope and higher salinity. The proposed model validation was performed with overall accuracy of 88.10% using confusion matrix.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The search for environmentally friendly biological approaches to increase the productivity and resistance to phytopathogens of wheat is an urgent task for agriculture. For this purpose, the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on yield and disease development of soft wheat was studied. Methods: Two soft wheat varieties (Trizo and Sudarynya) were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis 124-11, Pseudomonas fluorescens SPB2137 and Sphingomonas sp. K1B under field conditions during 2017-2021 years. Wheat development was monitored at different stages using a set of indicators characterizing morphological traits and yield structure. Susceptibility of plants to root rot pathogens and leaf diseases (brown and yellow wheat rust, powdery mildew, septoria-pyrenophorous spotting) was analyzed using a number of phytopathological indicators. Result: The maximal increase in yield by 1,14 g plant-1 and 0,87 g plant-1 was revealed after treatments with B. subtilis 124-11 and Ps. fluorescens SPB2137. The minimal ecological variation in wheat productivity elements was observed when B. subtilis 124-11 was used. The bacteria reduced plant damage caused by helminthosporiotic root rot, leaf-stem infections, yellow and brown rust and septoria-pyrenophorous spotting. The effects of bacteria on wheat growth and biocontrol of phytopathogens significantly varied depending on meteorological conditions and plant cultivar.
{"title":"Application of Associative Rhizobacteria for Increasing the Soft Wheat Productivity and Reducing the Diseases Harmfulness","authors":"L.E. Kolesnikov, B.A. Hassan, A.A. Belimov, A.G. Orlova, D.S. Minakov, Yu.R. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-766","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The search for environmentally friendly biological approaches to increase the productivity and resistance to phytopathogens of wheat is an urgent task for agriculture. For this purpose, the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on yield and disease development of soft wheat was studied. Methods: Two soft wheat varieties (Trizo and Sudarynya) were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis 124-11, Pseudomonas fluorescens SPB2137 and Sphingomonas sp. K1B under field conditions during 2017-2021 years. Wheat development was monitored at different stages using a set of indicators characterizing morphological traits and yield structure. Susceptibility of plants to root rot pathogens and leaf diseases (brown and yellow wheat rust, powdery mildew, septoria-pyrenophorous spotting) was analyzed using a number of phytopathological indicators. Result: The maximal increase in yield by 1,14 g plant-1 and 0,87 g plant-1 was revealed after treatments with B. subtilis 124-11 and Ps. fluorescens SPB2137. The minimal ecological variation in wheat productivity elements was observed when B. subtilis 124-11 was used. The bacteria reduced plant damage caused by helminthosporiotic root rot, leaf-stem infections, yellow and brown rust and septoria-pyrenophorous spotting. The effects of bacteria on wheat growth and biocontrol of phytopathogens significantly varied depending on meteorological conditions and plant cultivar.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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