Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3612053
{"title":"IEEE Magnetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3612053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3612053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 10","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11181238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614238
Tiange Wang;Mingxing Tian;Jiabao An
The fundamental problem in accurately analyzing and calculating the performance and parameters of controllable reactors lies in establishing an accurate and practical magnetization characteristic model for the core material of controllable reactors. In this article, the magnetically saturated controllable reactor (MSCR) is taken as the analysis object, and the magnetization characteristic model with different complexity of controllable reactor is established. According to the experimental measurement curve of the ferromagnetic material of the MSCR experimental prototype, the fit magnetization curves under different magnetization characteristic models are obtained, and the fitting accuracy is compared and analyzed. Based on the nonlinear dynamic electromagnetic network model of MSCR, the working current of MSCR with different complexity magnetization characteristic models under different working conditions is calculated and compared with the experimental results. Finally, from the aspects of calculation accuracy and calculation speed, the relationship between the calculation accuracy and calculation speed of the electromagnetic parameters of the controllable reactor and the variation of the magnetization characteristic models with different complexities is revealed. The selection criteria for controllable reactor magnetization characteristic model are proposed. The results show that both the single-valued magnetization characteristic model and the multi-valued magnetization characteristic model can be applied to the calculation of electromagnetic parameters of MSCR, and the multi-valued magnetization characteristic model is preferred in the no-load analysis. From the perspective of calculation accuracy, the neural network hysteresis model is the most superior, and the calculation accuracy of MSCR working current is positively correlated with the fitting accuracy of the magnetization characteristic model. From the perspective of calculation speed, the function fitting model has the fastest calculation speed. In general, the piecewise linear model and the neural network hysteresis model are superior.
{"title":"Study on the Adaptability of Magnetization Characteristic Model for Magnetically Saturated Controllable Reactor","authors":"Tiange Wang;Mingxing Tian;Jiabao An","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614238","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental problem in accurately analyzing and calculating the performance and parameters of controllable reactors lies in establishing an accurate and practical magnetization characteristic model for the core material of controllable reactors. In this article, the magnetically saturated controllable reactor (MSCR) is taken as the analysis object, and the magnetization characteristic model with different complexity of controllable reactor is established. According to the experimental measurement curve of the ferromagnetic material of the MSCR experimental prototype, the fit magnetization curves under different magnetization characteristic models are obtained, and the fitting accuracy is compared and analyzed. Based on the nonlinear dynamic electromagnetic network model of MSCR, the working current of MSCR with different complexity magnetization characteristic models under different working conditions is calculated and compared with the experimental results. Finally, from the aspects of calculation accuracy and calculation speed, the relationship between the calculation accuracy and calculation speed of the electromagnetic parameters of the controllable reactor and the variation of the magnetization characteristic models with different complexities is revealed. The selection criteria for controllable reactor magnetization characteristic model are proposed. The results show that both the single-valued magnetization characteristic model and the multi-valued magnetization characteristic model can be applied to the calculation of electromagnetic parameters of MSCR, and the multi-valued magnetization characteristic model is preferred in the no-load analysis. From the perspective of calculation accuracy, the neural network hysteresis model is the most superior, and the calculation accuracy of MSCR working current is positively correlated with the fitting accuracy of the magnetization characteristic model. From the perspective of calculation speed, the function fitting model has the fastest calculation speed. In general, the piecewise linear model and the neural network hysteresis model are superior.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The double-rotor interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (DR-IPMSM) serves as a critical component in electric vehicle energy conversion systems. Its multi-source magnetic potential configuration and intricate magnetic circuit topology introduce challenges including complicated magnetic field distributions and difficult performance optimization processes. These complexities further contribute to the limitations of conventional analysis methods, manifesting as excessive computational demands and compromised accuracy. To address these limitations, this article proposes an enhanced analytical method for DR-IPMSM. The method accounts for complex pole geometries and magnetic bridge saturation effects. Through area equivalence principles, the permanent magnet (PM) subdomain is treated with multi-segment equivalence. The magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model and iterative method are combined to consider the saturation effects of the magnetic bridge. Using this method, the magnetic field of a new DR-IPMSM is analyzed, and then, combined with the Maxwell stress tensor method, the critical parameters are identified. Setting these parameters as design variables, the DR-IPMSM performance is multi-objective optimized. The prototype is fabricated and tested. The results show that the output performance is improved because the optimized DR-IPMSM significantly reduces the air-gap flux density distortion rate, cogging torque, and torque ripple. This work provides a theoretical reference for magnetic field analysis and performance optimization of the DR-IPMSM.
{"title":"Magnetic Field Analysis and Performance Optimization of Double-Rotor Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"Haoran Zhang;Wenjing Hu;Baoliang Li;Shibo Li;Weiying Hei;Xueyi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614200","url":null,"abstract":"The double-rotor interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (DR-IPMSM) serves as a critical component in electric vehicle energy conversion systems. Its multi-source magnetic potential configuration and intricate magnetic circuit topology introduce challenges including complicated magnetic field distributions and difficult performance optimization processes. These complexities further contribute to the limitations of conventional analysis methods, manifesting as excessive computational demands and compromised accuracy. To address these limitations, this article proposes an enhanced analytical method for DR-IPMSM. The method accounts for complex pole geometries and magnetic bridge saturation effects. Through area equivalence principles, the permanent magnet (PM) subdomain is treated with multi-segment equivalence. The magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model and iterative method are combined to consider the saturation effects of the magnetic bridge. Using this method, the magnetic field of a new DR-IPMSM is analyzed, and then, combined with the Maxwell stress tensor method, the critical parameters are identified. Setting these parameters as design variables, the DR-IPMSM performance is multi-objective optimized. The prototype is fabricated and tested. The results show that the output performance is improved because the optimized DR-IPMSM significantly reduces the air-gap flux density distortion rate, cogging torque, and torque ripple. This work provides a theoretical reference for magnetic field analysis and performance optimization of the DR-IPMSM.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614063
K. Roppert;L. Domenig;A. Reinbacher-Köstinger;M. Kaltenbacher;L. Daniel
In many applications, accurately capturing the magneto-mechanical coupling and dissipative effects at the material level is essential for realistic simulations. Embedding the simplified multiscale model (SMSM) inside an energy-based hysteresis framework yields high fidelity but is computationally intensive for 3-D finite element (FE) analyses. This article introduces NNSMSM, a physics-informed multi-task deep neural network that emulates the expensive SMSM operator. A hybrid Latin-hypercube (LH)/Sobol sampling strategy efficiently explores the magneto-mechanical loading space. The network is trained with a composite loss that simultaneously fits magnetization and magnetostrictive strain while enforcing reciprocity and positive definiteness of the susceptibility tensor. The traced TorchScript model is linked to the open-source FE software openCFS, replacing the SMSM inside the vector play model (VPM) hysteresis model with zero code changes. The benchmark of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) device simulation shows a speed-up of wall clock time by a factor of 11 while preserving global accuracy of hysteresis losses.
{"title":"Physics-Informed Neural Anhysteresis Surrogate for Magneto-Elastic Vector Hysteresis in Device Simulations","authors":"K. Roppert;L. Domenig;A. Reinbacher-Köstinger;M. Kaltenbacher;L. Daniel","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614063","url":null,"abstract":"In many applications, accurately capturing the magneto-mechanical coupling and dissipative effects at the material level is essential for realistic simulations. Embedding the simplified multiscale model (SMSM) inside an energy-based hysteresis framework yields high fidelity but is computationally intensive for 3-D finite element (FE) analyses. This article introduces NNSMSM, a physics-informed multi-task deep neural network that emulates the expensive SMSM operator. A hybrid Latin-hypercube (LH)/Sobol sampling strategy efficiently explores the magneto-mechanical loading space. The network is trained with a composite loss that simultaneously fits magnetization and magnetostrictive strain while enforcing reciprocity and positive definiteness of the susceptibility tensor. The traced TorchScript model is linked to the open-source FE software openCFS, replacing the SMSM inside the vector play model (VPM) hysteresis model with zero code changes. The benchmark of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) device simulation shows a speed-up of wall clock time by a factor of 11 while preserving global accuracy of hysteresis losses.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11177572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614163
Pierre-Olivier Jubert
Analytical derivations for the dc signal and dc noise of perpendicular granular media are presented. The dc noise models are based on the binomial statistics of the grains’ magnetic orientations, most of them being up/down out-of-plane yet enabling the statistical occurrence of grains with in-plane anisotropy. The models also include considerations for irregular grain positions, variations of grain area and saturation magnetization, and account for readers with arbitrary 2-D sensitivity functions. Analytical expressions are validated by comparison to numerical simulations. Model predictions of the temperature dependence of the noise power for heat-assisted magnetic-recording (HAMR) media, corresponding to the THMap measurements, are also presented.
{"title":"Analytical DC Noise Models for Granular Perpendicular Media","authors":"Pierre-Olivier Jubert","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614163","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical derivations for the dc signal and dc noise of perpendicular granular media are presented. The dc noise models are based on the binomial statistics of the grains’ magnetic orientations, most of them being up/down out-of-plane yet enabling the statistical occurrence of grains with in-plane anisotropy. The models also include considerations for irregular grain positions, variations of grain area and saturation magnetization, and account for readers with arbitrary 2-D sensitivity functions. Analytical expressions are validated by comparison to numerical simulations. Model predictions of the temperature dependence of the noise power for heat-assisted magnetic-recording (HAMR) media, corresponding to the THMap measurements, are also presented.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tomographic technique that utilizes the nonlinear magnetization response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to provide high-contrast and high-spatial-resolution images. However, image quality can be affected by various noise sources, including harmonic interference, Gaussian noise, and ambient noise, which can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio and introduce artifacts. To address these challenges, we propose a novel end-to-end neural network approach for MPI reconstruction, which can learn complex nonlinear relationships in training data, including complex background noise features and missing higher order harmonic information. Unlike traditional methods, the neural network we propose can directly reconstruct images from raw signals, effectively simplifying the image reconstruction process. In addition, we have also made improvements in the hardware part, which can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals. The experimental results show that our method effectively enhances the quality of the reconstructed image, and significantly accelerates the reconstruction process.
{"title":"Learning Background Noise for Tabletop Magnetic Particle Imaging Reconstruction","authors":"Kangjian Huang;Maofan Li;Mingshun Cheng;Congcong Liu;Xinyang Wu;Yihang Zhou;Ye Li;Yongshuai Ge;Dong Liang;Shengping Liu;Xing Yang;Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3614052","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tomographic technique that utilizes the nonlinear magnetization response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to provide high-contrast and high-spatial-resolution images. However, image quality can be affected by various noise sources, including harmonic interference, Gaussian noise, and ambient noise, which can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio and introduce artifacts. To address these challenges, we propose a novel end-to-end neural network approach for MPI reconstruction, which can learn complex nonlinear relationships in training data, including complex background noise features and missing higher order harmonic information. Unlike traditional methods, the neural network we propose can directly reconstruct images from raw signals, effectively simplifying the image reconstruction process. In addition, we have also made improvements in the hardware part, which can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals. The experimental results show that our method effectively enhances the quality of the reconstructed image, and significantly accelerates the reconstruction process.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 12","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3613661
Hanming Wang;Jinghong Zhao;Yiyong Xiong;Hao Xu
Short primary single-sided linear induction motor (SP-SLIM) exhibits promising potential in maglev rail transit and other fields. However, due to the magnetic field distortion caused by the discontinuous iron core, conventional field analysis models typically neglect the influence of slotting effects on spatial harmonics in both normal and transverse air gap flux densities. In practice, however, the slot harmonics exert non-negligible impacts on output characteristics such as thrust fluctuations and vibration noise. Unfortunately, few studies have analyzed the spatial harmonics in SP-SLIMs. To investigate the coupling effects of slot harmonics and longitudinal dynamic end effect in slotted SP-SLIMs, this article proposes an analytical method for calculating the exact normal and transverse air gap magnetic field under synchronous operation. First, considering the large air gap of SP-SLIMs, the complex relative permeance is improved by using the finite-slot-depth Schwarz–Christoffel (SC) transformation. Second, an equivalent method is constructed, which applies Laplace’s equation, Cauchy–Riemann conditions, and 2-D slotless magnetic field to acquire the analytical expressions for the exact normal and transverse air gap flux density. Additionally, a spatial harmonic frequency analytical model (AM) of SP-SLIM is established. The analytical solutions are compared with finite-element method (FEM) results, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed analytical method. Based on the investigations, the major findings include the following: 1) for SP-SLIM with large air gaps, the finite slot depth must be considered under some specific conditions; 2) there are four major spatial frequencies in the slotted field, predominantly determined by pole pitch and slot pitch; and 3) the thrust ripple can be calculated more precisely by the proposed magnetic field compared with conventional method.
{"title":"Exact Air Gap Magnetic Field Calculation of a Short Primary Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor Considering Coupling Effects of Slot Harmonics and Longitudinal Dynamic End Effect","authors":"Hanming Wang;Jinghong Zhao;Yiyong Xiong;Hao Xu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3613661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3613661","url":null,"abstract":"Short primary single-sided linear induction motor (SP-SLIM) exhibits promising potential in maglev rail transit and other fields. However, due to the magnetic field distortion caused by the discontinuous iron core, conventional field analysis models typically neglect the influence of slotting effects on spatial harmonics in both normal and transverse air gap flux densities. In practice, however, the slot harmonics exert non-negligible impacts on output characteristics such as thrust fluctuations and vibration noise. Unfortunately, few studies have analyzed the spatial harmonics in SP-SLIMs. To investigate the coupling effects of slot harmonics and longitudinal dynamic end effect in slotted SP-SLIMs, this article proposes an analytical method for calculating the exact normal and transverse air gap magnetic field under synchronous operation. First, considering the large air gap of SP-SLIMs, the complex relative permeance is improved by using the finite-slot-depth Schwarz–Christoffel (SC) transformation. Second, an equivalent method is constructed, which applies Laplace’s equation, Cauchy–Riemann conditions, and 2-D slotless magnetic field to acquire the analytical expressions for the exact normal and transverse air gap flux density. Additionally, a spatial harmonic frequency analytical model (AM) of SP-SLIM is established. The analytical solutions are compared with finite-element method (FEM) results, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed analytical method. Based on the investigations, the major findings include the following: 1) for SP-SLIM with large air gaps, the finite slot depth must be considered under some specific conditions; 2) there are four major spatial frequencies in the slotted field, predominantly determined by pole pitch and slot pitch; and 3) the thrust ripple can be calculated more precisely by the proposed magnetic field compared with conventional method.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3612542
Léonard Coutant;Thomas Huguet;François Pigache
The modeling of radial flux machines is well-known and developed, as well as the modeling of axial flux machines. However, these two models are radically different, and comparing them for a common set of parameters is often difficult. Therefore, this article presents a common formulation in order to easily compare radial and axial flux machines for given specifications. This article deals with a continuous unified model between radial and axial flux machines by defining a conical air-gap machine. It is formulated and solved on the basis of the magnetic scalar potential decomposed into a Fourier series. The modeling developed in this article thus includes the flux linkages in the air-gap. Validation by the finite element method is performed and analyzed to determine the validity range on a wide range of machine designs. The unified model is then used to calculate the electromagnetic torque in integral form. The volumetric performances of conical machines are compared with those of conventional machines. The advantages of conical machines are highlighted according to the angle of orientation of the air gap.
{"title":"Unified Analytical Model From Radial to Axial Permanent Magnet Machine: Conical Flux Machine","authors":"Léonard Coutant;Thomas Huguet;François Pigache","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3612542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3612542","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of radial flux machines is well-known and developed, as well as the modeling of axial flux machines. However, these two models are radically different, and comparing them for a common set of parameters is often difficult. Therefore, this article presents a common formulation in order to easily compare radial and axial flux machines for given specifications. This article deals with a continuous unified model between radial and axial flux machines by defining a conical air-gap machine. It is formulated and solved on the basis of the magnetic scalar potential decomposed into a Fourier series. The modeling developed in this article thus includes the flux linkages in the air-gap. Validation by the finite element method is performed and analyzed to determine the validity range on a wide range of machine designs. The unified model is then used to calculate the electromagnetic torque in integral form. The volumetric performances of conical machines are compared with those of conventional machines. The advantages of conical machines are highlighted according to the angle of orientation of the air gap.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analytical method for predicting high-frequency eddy current losses in soft magnetic composites (SMCs) cores by combining mesoscopic and macroscopic perspectives is proposed, bridging the link between mesoscopic structural features and macroscopic electromagnetic response. Existing methods lack a quantitative mapping (particle strain stress and contact conductive network) between mesoscopic structures (particle strain, inter-particle contact) and eddy current losses, and macroscopic models fail to capture the skin effect under high-frequency excitation. To address this problem, first, a strain-dependent conductivity model is proposed, which incorporates the particle compaction stages (separation, contact, and connection stages). Second, analytical expressions are proposed to predict high-frequency intra- and inter-particle eddy current losses, taking into account the skin effect. Finally, the practicality and effectiveness of the method are verified by comparing experimental results.
{"title":"Accurate Prediction of Eddy Current Losses in SMC Cores Considering Skin Effect and Contact Deformation Based on Analytical Calculation","authors":"Xuanzhe Zhao;Dianhai Zhang;Ziyan Ren;Kaimeng Shi;Yanli Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3611458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3611458","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method for predicting high-frequency eddy current losses in soft magnetic composites (SMCs) cores by combining mesoscopic and macroscopic perspectives is proposed, bridging the link between mesoscopic structural features and macroscopic electromagnetic response. Existing methods lack a quantitative mapping (particle strain stress and contact conductive network) between mesoscopic structures (particle strain, inter-particle contact) and eddy current losses, and macroscopic models fail to capture the skin effect under high-frequency excitation. To address this problem, first, a strain-dependent conductivity model is proposed, which incorporates the particle compaction stages (separation, contact, and connection stages). Second, analytical expressions are proposed to predict high-frequency intra- and inter-particle eddy current losses, taking into account the skin effect. Finally, the practicality and effectiveness of the method are verified by comparing experimental results.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 11","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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