Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.038
Unairah Naqash, Rukhsana Taj, Nahid Nahvi
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) has been acclaimed as a biochemical marker in numerous studies in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of pleura, peritoneum, meninges etc because of its high sensitivity and specificity. As a diagnostic test, ADA offers several advantages; it is rapid, simple, low cost, non-invasive and can be performed easily in most clinical laboratories. The current retrospective study was carried out on a total of 91 specimens of bronchoalveolar lavage collected on bronchoscopy. The samples were collected and sediments were confirmed for presence of tubercular bacilli through Lowenstein Jensen(LJ) media (Gold standard), GeneXpert(CBNAAT).Simultaneously the ADA estimation was done from supernatant fluid obtained after centrifugation of sample.The Mean ADA level for Culture Positive samples in BAL was 5.899± 1.723 and from Culture Negative Samples the Mean ADA was1.217 ± 1.439. The ADA cut off levels of >4.0 IU/L in BAL when compared with LJ culture media (gold standard) showed a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 97.2%. Upon ROC analysis a high rate of accuracy was recorded in diagnosis of TB through ADA estimation with sensitivity and specificity reaching 100% and 97.2% at a ADA cut off 3.76 IU/L when compared with LJ culture media (gold standard). However, the sensitivity and specificity achieved was slightly lower when ADA results were compared with GeneXpert results.The determination of ADA levels may help in early diagnosis, improve the prognosis and reduce the spread of disease and thereby the test should be included in routine investigations in patients suspected of tuberculosis.
{"title":"Diagnostic utility of adenosine deaminase in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in pulmonary tuberculosis from a tertiary care hospital in North India","authors":"Unairah Naqash, Rukhsana Taj, Nahid Nahvi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.038","url":null,"abstract":"Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) has been acclaimed as a biochemical marker in numerous studies in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of pleura, peritoneum, meninges etc because of its high sensitivity and specificity. As a diagnostic test, ADA offers several advantages; it is rapid, simple, low cost, non-invasive and can be performed easily in most clinical laboratories. The current retrospective study was carried out on a total of 91 specimens of bronchoalveolar lavage collected on bronchoscopy. The samples were collected and sediments were confirmed for presence of tubercular bacilli through Lowenstein Jensen(LJ) media (Gold standard), GeneXpert(CBNAAT).Simultaneously the ADA estimation was done from supernatant fluid obtained after centrifugation of sample.The Mean ADA level for Culture Positive samples in BAL was 5.899± 1.723 and from Culture Negative Samples the Mean ADA was1.217 ± 1.439. The ADA cut off levels of >4.0 IU/L in BAL when compared with LJ culture media (gold standard) showed a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 97.2%. Upon ROC analysis a high rate of accuracy was recorded in diagnosis of TB through ADA estimation with sensitivity and specificity reaching 100% and 97.2% at a ADA cut off 3.76 IU/L when compared with LJ culture media (gold standard). However, the sensitivity and specificity achieved was slightly lower when ADA results were compared with GeneXpert results.The determination of ADA levels may help in early diagnosis, improve the prognosis and reduce the spread of disease and thereby the test should be included in routine investigations in patients suspected of tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86205078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.034
M. Khanna, Tanusri Nandi
Influenza A virus (IAV) is highly contagious global factor of causing pandemics and epidemics occasionally. Suramin, an anti-trypanosomal drug, also under evaluation as anti-cancer and anti-viral agent. However, inhibitory effect of suramin against influenza A virus have not yet been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-viral activity of suramin against IAV. Cytotoxicity assay (IC) of suramin and oseltamivir was determined using MTT assay in A549 cells. The anti-viral effect of suramin was determined by RT-qPCR, western blot and CPE (Cytopathic effect). Oseltamivir, an antiviral drug that has established anti influenza activity was used as positive control drug. Half-maximal toxic concentration of suramin was found to be at 269.2 µg/ml (Log IC=2.43 µg/ml) and IC for oseltamivir was 145.4 µg/ml (Log IC=2.16 µg/ml) in A549 cells at 24hr. Suramin exhibited anti-viral activity at all the concentration, however at 250 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml demonstrated significant down regulation of viral RNA and protein in A549 cells. Oseltamivir, a positive control drug also showed significant viral inhibition at 200 and 100 µg/ml at 24hr. : Suramin is effective in inhibiting influenza A virus replication in A549 cells at lower concentration.
{"title":"Anti-viral activity of suramin against influenza A virus in A549 cells","authors":"M. Khanna, Tanusri Nandi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.034","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza A virus (IAV) is highly contagious global factor of causing pandemics and epidemics occasionally. Suramin, an anti-trypanosomal drug, also under evaluation as anti-cancer and anti-viral agent. However, inhibitory effect of suramin against influenza A virus have not yet been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-viral activity of suramin against IAV. Cytotoxicity assay (IC) of suramin and oseltamivir was determined using MTT assay in A549 cells. The anti-viral effect of suramin was determined by RT-qPCR, western blot and CPE (Cytopathic effect). Oseltamivir, an antiviral drug that has established anti influenza activity was used as positive control drug. Half-maximal toxic concentration of suramin was found to be at 269.2 µg/ml (Log IC=2.43 µg/ml) and IC for oseltamivir was 145.4 µg/ml (Log IC=2.16 µg/ml) in A549 cells at 24hr. Suramin exhibited anti-viral activity at all the concentration, however at 250 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml demonstrated significant down regulation of viral RNA and protein in A549 cells. Oseltamivir, a positive control drug also showed significant viral inhibition at 200 and 100 µg/ml at 24hr. : Suramin is effective in inhibiting influenza A virus replication in A549 cells at lower concentration.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73370189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.036
P. Prakash, R. Agarwal, E. Gupta, R. Rathore, Vishakha Ashopa, Eshank Gupta
Biofilm are groups of microorganism encased in a matrix of extracellular polysaccharide (slime), called polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA). Bacteria commonly involved include , , , and . The present study was performed to identify antibiotic resistance pattern & their ability to form biofilm in gram negative clinical isolates. All clinical samples received in laboratory for microbial culture during study period of 12 months (2017 to 2018) were included in this study Antibiotic susceptibility testing, ESBL & MBL detection was done for clinical isolates. Biofilm productions were determined by Congo red agar method, Christenson’s Test Tube method and Tissue culture plate method. 327 gram negative isolates were detected. Maximum were (32.72%) followed by (28.44%), (16.51%), (16.51%), Citrobacter species (3.97%). Maximum isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (93.27%) followed by amoxiclave (87.46%), ceftazidime (74%). Out of 327 GNB isolates, biofilm produced by 64 (19.57%) isolates by Tissue culture plate (TCP) method, 38(11.62%) by Congo red agar (CRA) methods and 23 (7.03%) by Tube methods. Maximum biofilm were detected in (24.29%). There is increase prevalence of multidrug resistant& biofilm forming bacteria. The routine monitoring of multidrug resistance pattern & biofilm detection can be recommended in clinical laboratories to guide proper antibiotic treatment.
{"title":"To study drug resistance & biofilm production in gram negative isolates from clinical samples","authors":"P. Prakash, R. Agarwal, E. Gupta, R. Rathore, Vishakha Ashopa, Eshank Gupta","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.036","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilm are groups of microorganism encased in a matrix of extracellular polysaccharide (slime), called polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA). Bacteria commonly involved include , , , and . The present study was performed to identify antibiotic resistance pattern & their ability to form biofilm in gram negative clinical isolates. All clinical samples received in laboratory for microbial culture during study period of 12 months (2017 to 2018) were included in this study Antibiotic susceptibility testing, ESBL & MBL detection was done for clinical isolates. Biofilm productions were determined by Congo red agar method, Christenson’s Test Tube method and Tissue culture plate method. 327 gram negative isolates were detected. Maximum were (32.72%) followed by (28.44%), (16.51%), (16.51%), Citrobacter species (3.97%). Maximum isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (93.27%) followed by amoxiclave (87.46%), ceftazidime (74%). Out of 327 GNB isolates, biofilm produced by 64 (19.57%) isolates by Tissue culture plate (TCP) method, 38(11.62%) by Congo red agar (CRA) methods and 23 (7.03%) by Tube methods. Maximum biofilm were detected in (24.29%). There is increase prevalence of multidrug resistant& biofilm forming bacteria. The routine monitoring of multidrug resistance pattern & biofilm detection can be recommended in clinical laboratories to guide proper antibiotic treatment.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85419247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.029
Debasis Mitra, A. Priyadarshini, A. Senapati, S. Behera, I. Chatterjee, P. Mohapatra, P. Panneerselvam
Strigolactones (SLs) are versatile compounds that have recently been identified as a special generation of plant hormones. They play a significant role as modulators of coordinated plant development in response to nutrient deficiency and defence, particularly by influencing plant root microbiome and mycorrhization. SLs act as signals molecules that help host communicate with their environment belowground, in addition to regulating root architecture and growth promotion. Alternatively, boosting the SLs hormone level or applying external SLs, SL synthetic analogs e.g. GR24, and SL mimics to plants, can improve the root architecture, and physiological changes, and controls biotic and abiotic parameters by activating regulatory genes and molecular changes. Interestingly, SLs perform a fundamental character in the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) symbiosis by eliciting mycorrhization in the plant, which allows for adequate phosphorus utilization. Due to various their multifunctional aspect, they have a wide range of possible agricultural and biotechnological applications. We should be able to comprehend the biological mechanisms operating below ground in plant systems and their significance in the ecosystem with greater clarity as more research is conducted into the necessary conditions for various SLs in various biological activities.
{"title":"Ecological importance of strigolactones hormone on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis in plant","authors":"Debasis Mitra, A. Priyadarshini, A. Senapati, S. Behera, I. Chatterjee, P. Mohapatra, P. Panneerselvam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.029","url":null,"abstract":"Strigolactones (SLs) are versatile compounds that have recently been identified as a special generation of plant hormones. They play a significant role as modulators of coordinated plant development in response to nutrient deficiency and defence, particularly by influencing plant root microbiome and mycorrhization. SLs act as signals molecules that help host communicate with their environment belowground, in addition to regulating root architecture and growth promotion. Alternatively, boosting the SLs hormone level or applying external SLs, SL synthetic analogs e.g. GR24, and SL mimics to plants, can improve the root architecture, and physiological changes, and controls biotic and abiotic parameters by activating regulatory genes and molecular changes. Interestingly, SLs perform a fundamental character in the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) symbiosis by eliciting mycorrhization in the plant, which allows for adequate phosphorus utilization. Due to various their multifunctional aspect, they have a wide range of possible agricultural and biotechnological applications. We should be able to comprehend the biological mechanisms operating below ground in plant systems and their significance in the ecosystem with greater clarity as more research is conducted into the necessary conditions for various SLs in various biological activities.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90230634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.032
B. Pancholi
To determine the anti-HSV 2 properties and mechanism of action of two important medicinal plants Stocks ex Wight (Boraginaceae) and Nees (Acanthaceae) To identify natural products with anti-HSV-2 activity, the aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts were prepared from whole plants of and . Cytotoxicity assay using Vero cells as target revealed CC values of these extracts ranging from 301.8 to 436.8 µg ml Extracts from both the plants showed dose dependent inhibition of HSV-2 infection using Plaque Reduction Assay. Among the tested extracts, 50% ethanolic extract of showed lowest IC value of 6.86 µg ml. To study the possible mode of antiviral action, all the extracts showed 50 to 97% reduction in the formation of plaques in the attachment assay. Extracts prepared from also inhibited the HSV-2 penetration in a time and dose dependent manner. In post-attachment assay, both the extracts from as well as 50% ethanolic extract from showed significant inhibition in HSV-2 infection.These studies document anti-HSV-2 activity of the two commonly used medicinal plants that will have implications in the development of an alternate remedy for HSV-2 infection. Significant and impact of the study: This work provides information on the anti HSV-2 properties of Indian medicinal plants that showed their significant inhibition of HSV-2 virus in system.
{"title":"Anti herpes simplex virus-2 activity of the extracts of Sericostoma pauciflorum stocks ex wight and Lepidagathis trinervis Nees","authors":"B. Pancholi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.032","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the anti-HSV 2 properties and mechanism of action of two important medicinal plants Stocks ex Wight (Boraginaceae) and Nees (Acanthaceae) To identify natural products with anti-HSV-2 activity, the aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts were prepared from whole plants of and . Cytotoxicity assay using Vero cells as target revealed CC values of these extracts ranging from 301.8 to 436.8 µg ml Extracts from both the plants showed dose dependent inhibition of HSV-2 infection using Plaque Reduction Assay. Among the tested extracts, 50% ethanolic extract of showed lowest IC value of 6.86 µg ml. To study the possible mode of antiviral action, all the extracts showed 50 to 97% reduction in the formation of plaques in the attachment assay. Extracts prepared from also inhibited the HSV-2 penetration in a time and dose dependent manner. In post-attachment assay, both the extracts from as well as 50% ethanolic extract from showed significant inhibition in HSV-2 infection.These studies document anti-HSV-2 activity of the two commonly used medicinal plants that will have implications in the development of an alternate remedy for HSV-2 infection. Significant and impact of the study: This work provides information on the anti HSV-2 properties of Indian medicinal plants that showed their significant inhibition of HSV-2 virus in system.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91118542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.040
N. Kumar R, Uday Kumar P, Bhaskar V, Sudershan R V, K. Polasa, Hemalatha R, Sudip Ghosh
Microbiological risk assessment (MRA) is an emerging tool for evaluating the safety of food and water supplies. In this study, identification of microbial hazards in selected samples and their association with food safety practices were seen. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) through the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure of the statistical analysis system software (SPSS version-11.5, 2003). The least significant differences were used to test means at p<0.05. Odds ratio (OR) values with 95% CI were computed to obtain the risk of the presence of the foodborne pathogen in a particular food. Analysis of 600 food samples indicated that (50%) was high in raw chicken samples followed by carrot salad (41%). The other emerging foodborne pathogens like (MRSA), , and were not detected in any of the food samples. Pathogens like (73.5%) in khoa, (45%) and (62.7%) in paneer were detected. A total of (n=143) cultures were analyzed for enterotoxin and coagulase enzyme. Nine cultures (6.3%) showed a positive result for enterotoxin production. For the risk assessment of contamination in foods, coagulase test and toxin production of isolates have to be evaluated. A significant association was found between the type of storage and log concentration of in khoa, whereas, with water for washing hands, the status of nails, and cleaning cloth were contributing to foodborne pathogens in other products. There is a need to provide food safety training to food handlers to improve food safety.
{"title":"Microbiological hazard identification in selective food products and their association with food safety practices in Hyderabad, India","authors":"N. Kumar R, Uday Kumar P, Bhaskar V, Sudershan R V, K. Polasa, Hemalatha R, Sudip Ghosh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.040","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiological risk assessment (MRA) is an emerging tool for evaluating the safety of food and water supplies. In this study, identification of microbial hazards in selected samples and their association with food safety practices were seen. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) through the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure of the statistical analysis system software (SPSS version-11.5, 2003). The least significant differences were used to test means at p<0.05. Odds ratio (OR) values with 95% CI were computed to obtain the risk of the presence of the foodborne pathogen in a particular food. Analysis of 600 food samples indicated that (50%) was high in raw chicken samples followed by carrot salad (41%). The other emerging foodborne pathogens like (MRSA), , and were not detected in any of the food samples. Pathogens like (73.5%) in khoa, (45%) and (62.7%) in paneer were detected. A total of (n=143) cultures were analyzed for enterotoxin and coagulase enzyme. Nine cultures (6.3%) showed a positive result for enterotoxin production. For the risk assessment of contamination in foods, coagulase test and toxin production of isolates have to be evaluated. A significant association was found between the type of storage and log concentration of in khoa, whereas, with water for washing hands, the status of nails, and cleaning cloth were contributing to foodborne pathogens in other products. There is a need to provide food safety training to food handlers to improve food safety.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75738862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.035
Snigdha Singh, Nishant Panda, Imran Wasfi
Hospital waste has always been a concern for the society. Recently the government has changed the BMW handling rules in 2016. However, mere introduction of laws is not sufficient for proper disposal of BMW. Awareness of these laws is also essential. Hence, this study was conducted with the objectives to assess the Knowledge, awareness, attitude & practice (KAP) towards biomedical waste management in Health care providers (HCP) and prevalence of needle-stick injury (NSI) in them.This was a cross-sectional study done from August 2018 to January 2019 in KIMS among 400 participants. A pre-tested, close ended questionnaire was used with few added questions related to new rules. An overall average level of KAP among HCP and grade 4 workers regarding BMW Rules and management 2016 with 86.49% doctors, 91.04% dentists, 79.55% nurses and 80% grade 4 workers securing average marks in the assessment. Moreover, 14 (20 .59%) doctors, 10 (14 .71%) dentists, 30 (44 .12%) nurses and 14 (20.59%) grade 4 workers reported that they had experienced NSI in the past 12 months. Overall prevalence of NSI is found to be 17%. We found an average level of knowledge, attitude and practice among HCP and grade 4 workers regarding BMW management. It is recommended that regular monitoring and training are required at all levels of Health Care System and the rules should be sincerely followed and practiced.
{"title":"Assessing awareness and execution of “Bio medical waste management rules 2016” among health care providers and grade 4 workers in a tertiary care hospital of Bhubaneswar","authors":"Snigdha Singh, Nishant Panda, Imran Wasfi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.035","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital waste has always been a concern for the society. Recently the government has changed the BMW handling rules in 2016. However, mere introduction of laws is not sufficient for proper disposal of BMW. Awareness of these laws is also essential. Hence, this study was conducted with the objectives to assess the Knowledge, awareness, attitude & practice (KAP) towards biomedical waste management in Health care providers (HCP) and prevalence of needle-stick injury (NSI) in them.This was a cross-sectional study done from August 2018 to January 2019 in KIMS among 400 participants. A pre-tested, close ended questionnaire was used with few added questions related to new rules. An overall average level of KAP among HCP and grade 4 workers regarding BMW Rules and management 2016 with 86.49% doctors, 91.04% dentists, 79.55% nurses and 80% grade 4 workers securing average marks in the assessment. Moreover, 14 (20 .59%) doctors, 10 (14 .71%) dentists, 30 (44 .12%) nurses and 14 (20.59%) grade 4 workers reported that they had experienced NSI in the past 12 months. Overall prevalence of NSI is found to be 17%. We found an average level of knowledge, attitude and practice among HCP and grade 4 workers regarding BMW management. It is recommended that regular monitoring and training are required at all levels of Health Care System and the rules should be sincerely followed and practiced.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75864130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.039
Aparajita Gupta, Mannu Kumari, Shabnam Sharma
L. is a traditional medicinal herb that has been used to cure a variety of diseases in humans. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of T. seeds against a bacterial species. Agar well diffusion method was used to test antibacterial activity. In comparison to methanolic and acetonic extracts, ethanolic extract of T. ammi seeds showed a highest antibacterial activity against , and . Methanolic extract, on the other hand, effectively inhibited and . The maximum inhibition zone in ethanolic was observed against and (22.6 mm) and the minimum inhibition zone against (12 mm) at 100% concentration. Plant extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and glycosides.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Trachyspermum ammi L. against certain bacterial species","authors":"Aparajita Gupta, Mannu Kumari, Shabnam Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"L. is a traditional medicinal herb that has been used to cure a variety of diseases in humans. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of T. seeds against a bacterial species. Agar well diffusion method was used to test antibacterial activity. In comparison to methanolic and acetonic extracts, ethanolic extract of T. ammi seeds showed a highest antibacterial activity against , and . Methanolic extract, on the other hand, effectively inhibited and . The maximum inhibition zone in ethanolic was observed against and (22.6 mm) and the minimum inhibition zone against (12 mm) at 100% concentration. Plant extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and glycosides.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75956409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earth is surrounded by 97% water; Human body is made of 90% water and that depicts the importance of water to humans and biosphere. Water nourishes, nurtures and sustains all forms of life. Likewise, every domestic and industrial activity of humans is filled with 90% of fermentation products. Even without our knowledge fermentation products are in every walks of humanity. This study aims at recalling fermentation products in the past as well as present day advances in fermentation industry and importance of these products in health care, food, agriculture, power generation, economy, etc.
{"title":"Food fuel and fermentation products","authors":"Parthiban Meena, Arunchalam Manimekalan, Obebo Meshack Moranga","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.030","url":null,"abstract":"Earth is surrounded by 97% water; Human body is made of 90% water and that depicts the importance of water to humans and biosphere. Water nourishes, nurtures and sustains all forms of life. Likewise, every domestic and industrial activity of humans is filled with 90% of fermentation products. Even without our knowledge fermentation products are in every walks of humanity. This study aims at recalling fermentation products in the past as well as present day advances in fermentation industry and importance of these products in health care, food, agriculture, power generation, economy, etc.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73493737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.031
P. Rajendiran, N. Saravanan, Mageshbabu Ramamurthy, Kumaran Vadivel, B. Nandagopal
TORCH-S is a medical acronym for a set of perinatal infections with known adverse impact on fetal developmental and pregnancy outcome. This includes infections with , Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus (1 and 2) and (Syphilis). TORCH-S infections group of prenatal illnesses that have been linked to adverse outcomes in fetal development and pregnancy. Infections caused by TORCH-S can affect anybody, including children, men, and non-pregnant women. However, because they may be passed to the embryo while it is still in the womb, major fetal problems can arise if a mother is exposed during the first 5 months of pregnancy. The cornerstone of congenital infection prevention is the primary prevention of maternal infections during pregnancy. Early identification of TORCH-S infection will help in appropriate treatment and management of these infections.
{"title":"A review of maternal TORCH-S infections","authors":"P. Rajendiran, N. Saravanan, Mageshbabu Ramamurthy, Kumaran Vadivel, B. Nandagopal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.031","url":null,"abstract":"TORCH-S is a medical acronym for a set of perinatal infections with known adverse impact on fetal developmental and pregnancy outcome. This includes infections with , Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus (1 and 2) and (Syphilis). TORCH-S infections group of prenatal illnesses that have been linked to adverse outcomes in fetal development and pregnancy. Infections caused by TORCH-S can affect anybody, including children, men, and non-pregnant women. However, because they may be passed to the embryo while it is still in the womb, major fetal problems can arise if a mother is exposed during the first 5 months of pregnancy. The cornerstone of congenital infection prevention is the primary prevention of maternal infections during pregnancy. Early identification of TORCH-S infection will help in appropriate treatment and management of these infections.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75161536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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