Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p77-83
E. Sasmita, E. Yulianto, M. Nur, Sera Budi Verinda
An attempt to maintain the quality and preservation of honey pineapple (Ananas comosus) is required to avoid fruit loss and its nutritional values. This research aimed to determine the effect of washing with ozonated water and preservation in the cold storage on the quality of honey pineapple. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors consisting of washing water (ozonated water and non-ozonated water) and storage (ozone cold storage at 2–7 oC and room temperature at 25–28 oC). Honey pineapples were observed for 35 and 20 days in ozone cold storage and at room temperature, respectively. The results showed that ozonation reduced the total bacterial count. Washing with ozonated water did not affect the glucose content of honey pineapple stored at room temperature, but affected those in cold storage. On the other hand, ozonation affected both vitamin C content and weight loss of honey pineapple stored at room temperature and in cold storage. Ozone is able to control bacterial development in honey pineapple resulted in longer shelf life compared to those without ozonation.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF OZONATED WATER WASHING ON THE QUALITY OF HONEY PINEAPPLE PRESERVED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND IN THE OZONE COLD STORAGE","authors":"E. Sasmita, E. Yulianto, M. Nur, Sera Budi Verinda","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p77-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p77-83","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt to maintain the quality and preservation of honey pineapple (Ananas comosus) is required to avoid fruit loss and its nutritional values. This research aimed to determine the effect of washing with ozonated water and preservation in the cold storage on the quality of honey pineapple. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors consisting of washing water (ozonated water and non-ozonated water) and storage (ozone cold storage at 2–7 oC and room temperature at 25–28 oC). Honey pineapples were observed for 35 and 20 days in ozone cold storage and at room temperature, respectively. The results showed that ozonation reduced the total bacterial count. Washing with ozonated water did not affect the glucose content of honey pineapple stored at room temperature, but affected those in cold storage. On the other hand, ozonation affected both vitamin C content and weight loss of honey pineapple stored at room temperature and in cold storage. Ozone is able to control bacterial development in honey pineapple resulted in longer shelf life compared to those without ozonation.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p48-55
L. Anggria, T. Rostaman, N. L. Nurida, H. Husnain
The isotope technique can be used to improve and develop land management systems, including the effective and efficient use of nutrients and water to increase crop productivity. The study aimed to obtain information on nutrient uptake by maize and the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers at some irrigation water levels in sub-optimal land. This study was conducted at the Research Station of Taman Bogo, East Lampung, Indonesia. The study used a split-plot design in a randomized group with three replications. The main plots consisted of water levels 100%, 80%, and 60% based on FAO’s recommendation, whereas the sub-plots were N fertilizer in the form of urea 15N labels with the rates 0, 100, and 135 kg N ha-1. The results showed that the average grain yield of maize (8.0 t ha-1) was the highest for 135 kg N ha-1 and 80% irrigation water. The application of 100 kg N ha-1 with 80% irrigation water was sufficient for increasing N uptake in grain and biomass. The highest efficiency (15.7–16.7%) of N fertilizer on maize was shown by treatments of 135 kg N ha-1with 100% irrigation water and 100 kg N ha-1 with 80% irrigation water. With the isotope method, the N efficiency from fertilizers can be traced
同位素技术可用于改善和发展土地管理系统，包括有效和高效地利用养分和水来提高作物生产力。这项研究的目的是获得关于次优土地上玉米的养分吸收和某些灌溉水位下氮肥效率的信息。这项研究是在印度尼西亚东楠榜的Taman Bogo研究站进行的。该研究在一个随机组中采用了三次重复的分割图设计。根据粮农组织的建议，主地块包括100%、80%和60%的水位，而子地块是尿素15N标签形式的氮肥，施用量分别为0、100和135 kg N ha-1。结果表明，135 kg N ha-1和80%灌溉水条件下，玉米的平均产量（8.0 t ha-1）最高。施用100kg的N ha-1和80%的灌溉水足以增加谷物对N的吸收和生物量。135kg N ha-1和100kg N ha-1分别以100%灌溉水和80%灌溉水处理的玉米氮肥施用效率最高（15.7–16.7%）。利用同位素方法，可以追踪肥料的氮效率
{"title":"DETERMINING THE EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON MAIZE USING ISOTOPE METHODS AT DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS","authors":"L. Anggria, T. Rostaman, N. L. Nurida, H. Husnain","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p48-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p48-55","url":null,"abstract":"The isotope technique can be used to improve and develop land management systems, including the effective and efficient use of nutrients and water to increase crop productivity. The study aimed to obtain information on nutrient uptake by maize and the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers at some irrigation water levels in sub-optimal land. This study was conducted at the Research Station of Taman Bogo, East Lampung, Indonesia. The study used a split-plot design in a randomized group with three replications. The main plots consisted of water levels 100%, 80%, and 60% based on FAO’s recommendation, whereas the sub-plots were N fertilizer in the form of urea 15N labels with the rates 0, 100, and 135 kg N ha-1. The results showed that the average grain yield of maize (8.0 t ha-1) was the highest for 135 kg N ha-1 and 80% irrigation water. The application of 100 kg N ha-1 with 80% irrigation water was sufficient for increasing N uptake in grain and biomass. The highest efficiency (15.7–16.7%) of N fertilizer on maize was shown by treatments of 135 kg N ha-1with 100% irrigation water and 100 kg N ha-1 with 80% irrigation water. With the isotope method, the N efficiency from fertilizers can be traced","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49287863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p38-47
T. Sitaresmi, Elah Nurul Hotimah, R. H. Wening, I. A. Rumanti, Y. Nugraha
Some improved irrigated lowland rice varieties are quite adaptive to tidal swamp areas where iron stress is the limiting factor of productivity. Information on irrigated rice tolerance to iron toxicity is inadequate and digital image processing for determining the level of tolerance is not available. The study aimed to evaluate tolerance of irrigated rice to iron toxicity. Ten irrigated rice varieties were used, namely Inpari 3, Inpari 19, Inpari 22, Inpari 24, Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Inpari 47, Inpari IR Nutri Zinc, Cakrabuana Agritan and Inpago 13 Fortiz. Mahsuri is tolerant and IR 64 is a sensitive check. The seedlings were planted on Yoshida agar solution using a randomized completely block design with four replications. Leaf bronzing symptoms showed that Inpari 47 was tolerant (score 2), Inpari 3 and Inpari 42 were moderately tolerant (score 4), Inpari 19 and Inpari 22 were also moderately tolerant (score 5). The bronzing symptom based on image processing has a strong correlation with visual observation, leading to propose that image processing is an alternative method to determine the bronzing symptom. Inpari 47 absorbed quite a lot of Fe with few bronzing symptoms. Inpari IR Nutri Zinc absorbed less Fe, but had more symptoms than Inpari 47. Inpari 19 had a longer shoot, while Inpari 42 and Inpari 47 had longer roots. Based on this study, Inpari 47 can be recommended for moderate iron stress-prone areas, meanwhile, Inpari 3, Inpari 42, Inpari IR Nutri Zinc, and Inpari 32 HDB for low iron stress-prone areas.
{"title":"TOLERANCE OF IRRIGATED LOWLAND RICE VARIETIES TO IRON TOXICITY UNDER NUTRIENT SOLUTION AS MEASURED BY A DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING","authors":"T. Sitaresmi, Elah Nurul Hotimah, R. H. Wening, I. A. Rumanti, Y. Nugraha","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p38-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p38-47","url":null,"abstract":"Some improved irrigated lowland rice varieties are quite adaptive to tidal swamp areas where iron stress is the limiting factor of productivity. Information on irrigated rice tolerance to iron toxicity is inadequate and digital image processing for determining the level of tolerance is not available. The study aimed to evaluate tolerance of irrigated rice to iron toxicity. Ten irrigated rice varieties were used, namely Inpari 3, Inpari 19, Inpari 22, Inpari 24, Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Inpari 47, Inpari IR Nutri Zinc, Cakrabuana Agritan and Inpago 13 Fortiz. Mahsuri is tolerant and IR 64 is a sensitive check. The seedlings were planted on Yoshida agar solution using a randomized completely block design with four replications. Leaf bronzing symptoms showed that Inpari 47 was tolerant (score 2), Inpari 3 and Inpari 42 were moderately tolerant (score 4), Inpari 19 and Inpari 22 were also moderately tolerant (score 5). The bronzing symptom based on image processing has a strong correlation with visual observation, leading to propose that image processing is an alternative method to determine the bronzing symptom. Inpari 47 absorbed quite a lot of Fe with few bronzing symptoms. Inpari IR Nutri Zinc absorbed less Fe, but had more symptoms than Inpari 47. Inpari 19 had a longer shoot, while Inpari 42 and Inpari 47 had longer roots. Based on this study, Inpari 47 can be recommended for moderate iron stress-prone areas, meanwhile, Inpari 3, Inpari 42, Inpari IR Nutri Zinc, and Inpari 32 HDB for low iron stress-prone areas.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41360009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p56-64
P. Inyang, Alias Ndifon
Sweet-potato cultivation is limited globally by many storage rots caused mainly by fungi. The study aimed to test the effectiveness of several types of pesticides against Lasioderma theobromae in vitro. Three trials were set up using a completely randomized design with three replications. The first experiment used four isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (AIM16, NSBM, BGMZ4, and AIM3). The second trial was evaluating types of synthetic fungicides, i.e., mancozeb (50%, 100%), mancozeb+carbendazim (50%, 100%), and mancozeb+metalaxyl+Cu (50%, 100%). The third experiment testing botanical pesticides, namely leaf extracts of Ixora, Guieria, and Bauhinia, as well as Eucalyptus resin and Ricinus soap. The four isolates of T. harzianum inhibited the mycelia growth of L. theobromae by 8.0–100%, significantly different from the control, but there was no significant difference between the isolates. Solutions of mancozeb (100%) and mancozeb+carbendazim (50%, 100%) were more effective in suppressing the development of pathogenic mycelia compared to mancozeb+metalaxyl+Cu. Mancozeb treatment inhibited 8.0–100% of pathogen growth and was significantly different compared to other treatments. Plant extracts inhibited the growth of pathogens by 8.0–100%. Ricinus soap (50%, 100%), Eucalyptus (100%), and Guieria (100%) consistently inhibited the growth of pathogenic mycelia by 70%. Plant extracts and mancozeb were effective in suppressing the growth of pathogenic mycelia. The study indicates that T. harziaum, plant extracts, and mancozeb could be developed as a fungicide to control the soft rot fungus L. theobromae of sweet potato tubers
{"title":"IN VITRO EFFICACY OF DISPARATE FUNGICIDES AGAINST Lasiodiplodia theobromae ROOT ROTS OF ORANGE-FLESHED SWEET-POTATO VARIETIES","authors":"P. Inyang, Alias Ndifon","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p56-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p56-64","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet-potato cultivation is limited globally by many storage rots caused mainly by fungi. The study aimed to test the effectiveness of several types of pesticides against Lasioderma theobromae in vitro. Three trials were set up using a completely randomized design with three replications. The first experiment used four isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (AIM16, NSBM, BGMZ4, and AIM3). The second trial was evaluating types of synthetic fungicides, i.e., mancozeb (50%, 100%), mancozeb+carbendazim (50%, 100%), and mancozeb+metalaxyl+Cu (50%, 100%). The third experiment testing botanical pesticides, namely leaf extracts of Ixora, Guieria, and Bauhinia, as well as Eucalyptus resin and Ricinus soap. The four isolates of T. harzianum inhibited the mycelia growth of L. theobromae by 8.0–100%, significantly different from the control, but there was no significant difference between the isolates. Solutions of mancozeb (100%) and mancozeb+carbendazim (50%, 100%) were more effective in suppressing the development of pathogenic mycelia compared to mancozeb+metalaxyl+Cu. Mancozeb treatment inhibited 8.0–100% of pathogen growth and was significantly different compared to other treatments. Plant extracts inhibited the growth of pathogens by 8.0–100%. Ricinus soap (50%, 100%), Eucalyptus (100%), and Guieria (100%) consistently inhibited the growth of pathogenic mycelia by 70%. Plant extracts and mancozeb were effective in suppressing the growth of pathogenic mycelia. The study indicates that T. harziaum, plant extracts, and mancozeb could be developed as a fungicide to control the soft rot fungus L. theobromae of sweet potato tubers","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48998827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p65-76
Andualem Alemayehu Atumo, M. Gessese, Zemach Sorsa
The use of improved varieties with wider adaptability and stability is necessary to maximize the productivity of durum wheat. However, due to genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect, superior genotypes in one environment could be inferior in other environments. Hence, a multi-environmental trial (MET) was commenced to determine the magnitude of GEI effect and identify stable durum wheat genotypes across environments. The MET was conducted using nine durum wheat cultivars in randomized completely block design with three replications across four contrasting locations in 2020 crop seasons. The result of combined analysis of variance showed the presence of significant differences among the main effects; environments, genotypes, and GEI effects for grain yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) combined ANOVA for main effects of environment, genotype, and GEI revealed highly significant differences among cultivars with 66.2%, 26.4%, and 7.3% share of sum square variation, respectively, of the total variation. AMMI and genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) Bi-plot analysis identified the cultivars Fetan, Denbi, and Mangudo as high yielders and adaptive to the favourable locations. AMMI stability value and yield stability index identified Mangudo as the most stable and adaptive cultivar across locations. The AMMI Bi-plot analysis showed that the first two interaction principal component analysis (IPCAs) captured 90.45% of the total interaction sum of squares (ISS), where IPCA1 took 55.61% and IPCA2 accounted for 34.84% of GEI effects. This study identified Mangudo as the most stable cultivar with acceptable yield while Fetan was the top yielder genotype across locations.
{"title":"GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ETHIOPIAN COMMERCIAL DURUM WHEAT (Triticum turgidum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA","authors":"Andualem Alemayehu Atumo, M. Gessese, Zemach Sorsa","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p65-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p65-76","url":null,"abstract":"The use of improved varieties with wider adaptability and stability is necessary to maximize the productivity of durum wheat. However, due to genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect, superior genotypes in one environment could be inferior in other environments. Hence, a multi-environmental trial (MET) was commenced to determine the magnitude of GEI effect and identify stable durum wheat genotypes across environments. The MET was conducted using nine durum wheat cultivars in randomized completely block design with three replications across four contrasting locations in 2020 crop seasons. The result of combined analysis of variance showed the presence of significant differences among the main effects; environments, genotypes, and GEI effects for grain yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) combined ANOVA for main effects of environment, genotype, and GEI revealed highly significant differences among cultivars with 66.2%, 26.4%, and 7.3% share of sum square variation, respectively, of the total variation. AMMI and genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) Bi-plot analysis identified the cultivars Fetan, Denbi, and Mangudo as high yielders and adaptive to the favourable locations. AMMI stability value and yield stability index identified Mangudo as the most stable and adaptive cultivar across locations. The AMMI Bi-plot analysis showed that the first two interaction principal component analysis (IPCAs) captured 90.45% of the total interaction sum of squares (ISS), where IPCA1 took 55.61% and IPCA2 accounted for 34.84% of GEI effects. This study identified Mangudo as the most stable cultivar with acceptable yield while Fetan was the top yielder genotype across locations.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47747079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p32-37
J. Halder, Pratap A. Divekar, K. K. Pandey
Bitter gourd, Momordica charantia Linn., is one of the most important traditional vegetable in India. Infestations of sucking pests especially jassid, and whitefly occurred thorough out the crop growth period in the region. For ecofriendly management, different pest management modules viz., bio-intensive, chemical, and integrated modules were evaluated against these sucking pests and compared under field conditions during 2019–2021. Among the three tested modules, the integrated pest management (IPM) comprised seed treatment with imidacloprid @ 5–10 g kg-1 of seed, installation of yellow sticky traps @ 25–30 ha-1, border crop with maize, spraying of azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 10 ml L-1, thiamethoxam @ 1 g 3-1 L, imidacloprid @ 1 g 12-1 L, cyantraniliprole @ 1.8 ml L-1, neem oil (0.5%) + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 2.5 g L-1, and neem oil (0.5%) + Beauveria bassiana @ 2.5 g L-1 from 20 to 70 days after sowing at 10 days intervals each harboured lowest whiteflies population (0.63 per leaf) with maximum per cent reduction over control of 70.14. The number of predatory lady bird beetles and polyphagous spiders were also higher. The highest healthy fruit yields (171, 179, and 153 q ha-1) were recorded from the IPM module for three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively). In terms of return, maximum net profit of ₹71,211 was obtained from the IPM module with the highest incremental cost-benefit ratio of 1:5.18. Therefore, the IPM module could be a viable ecofriendly option in the management of the sucking pests of bitter gourd, along with the conservation of natural enemies.
苦瓜，苦瓜。是印度最重要的传统蔬菜之一。整个作物生育期均有吸吮性害虫发生，其中以茉莉和粉虱居多。在生态友好管理方面，在2019-2021年期间，对不同的有害生物管理模块(生物密集型、化学管理模块和综合管理模块)进行了评估，并在田间条件下进行了比较。在三个测试模块中，综合虫害管理(IPM)包括:用吡虫啉(5-10 g kg-1)处理种子，安装黄色粘捕器(25-30 ha-1)，玉米边缘作物，喷洒印楝素1500 ppm @ 10 ml L-1，噻虫嗪@ 1 g 3-1 L，吡虫啉@ 1 g 12-1 L，氰虫腈@ 1.8 ml L-1，印楝油(0.5%)+ Lecanicillium @ 2.5 g L-1，和印楝油(0.5%)+球孢白僵菌(2.5 g L-1)，在播种后20至70天，每隔10天，每片叶的白蝇数量最低(0.63只)，比对照最多减少70.14只。捕食性瓢虫和多食性蜘蛛的数量也较高。IPM模块连续三年(分别为2019年、2020年和2021年)记录了最高的健康果实产量(171、179和153 q ha-1)。在回报方面，从IPM模块获得的最大净利润为71,211卢比，增量成本效益比最高，为1:5.18。因此，IPM模块在苦瓜吸虫管理和天敌保护方面可能是一个可行的生态友好选择。
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEST MANAGEMENT MODULES AGAINST VECTOR AND SUCKING PESTS OF BITTER GOURD","authors":"J. Halder, Pratap A. Divekar, K. K. Pandey","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p32-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p32-37","url":null,"abstract":"Bitter gourd, Momordica charantia Linn., is one of the most important traditional vegetable in India. Infestations of sucking pests especially jassid, and whitefly occurred thorough out the crop growth period in the region. For ecofriendly management, different pest management modules viz., bio-intensive, chemical, and integrated modules were evaluated against these sucking pests and compared under field conditions during 2019–2021. Among the three tested modules, the integrated pest management (IPM) comprised seed treatment with imidacloprid @ 5–10 g kg-1 of seed, installation of yellow sticky traps @ 25–30 ha-1, border crop with maize, spraying of azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 10 ml L-1, thiamethoxam @ 1 g 3-1 L, imidacloprid @ 1 g 12-1 L, cyantraniliprole @ 1.8 ml L-1, neem oil (0.5%) + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 2.5 g L-1, and neem oil (0.5%) + Beauveria bassiana @ 2.5 g L-1 from 20 to 70 days after sowing at 10 days intervals each harboured lowest whiteflies population (0.63 per leaf) with maximum per cent reduction over control of 70.14. The number of predatory lady bird beetles and polyphagous spiders were also higher. The highest healthy fruit yields (171, 179, and 153 q ha-1) were recorded from the IPM module for three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively). In terms of return, maximum net profit of ₹71,211 was obtained from the IPM module with the highest incremental cost-benefit ratio of 1:5.18. Therefore, the IPM module could be a viable ecofriendly option in the management of the sucking pests of bitter gourd, along with the conservation of natural enemies.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44567404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p1-6
S. Supriadi, S. Rahayuningsih, A. Sembiring, Rusbianto Wijaya, D. Florina
Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus in nutmeg has become a severe export obstacle. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coating formula to reduce A. flavus contamination in nutmeg seeds. Cleaned and dried nutmeg seeds were coated with a coating formula containing propylparaben, potassium sorbate, and clove oil, then challenged by spraying with A. flavus conidia suspension. The treated seeds were incubated in humid plastic boxes. The colonization of A. flavus on the seeds was visually assessed after treatment. Aflatoxin contamination, the residue of propylparaben, and potassium sorbate were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that total aflatoxin in the shelled nutmeg seeds without coating was 471.69 µg kg-1, which is much higher than that in the coated seeds with formula (4.22 µg kg-1). Also, aflatoxin B1 was 462.10 µg kg-1 in the uncoated shelled seeds compared with that in the coated seeds (3.71 µg kg-1). In the unshelled nutmeg seeds without coating, total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 contaminations were higher (376.06 µg kg-1 and 342.84 µg kg-1, respectively) than that in the coated seeds (3.00 µg kg-1 and 2.74 µg kg-1). Propylparaben residue in the coated nutmeg seeds was undetected, while, the potassium sorbate residue was detected as much as 30.86 mg kg-1 in shelled and coated nutmeg seeds. The study showed that the coating formula was effective in reducing aflatoxin contamination in shelled and unshelled nutmeg seeds.
{"title":"REDUCTION OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN NUTMEG COATED WITH CLOVE OIL, PROPYLPARABEN, AND POTASSIUM SORBATE FORMULA","authors":"S. Supriadi, S. Rahayuningsih, A. Sembiring, Rusbianto Wijaya, D. Florina","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p1-6","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus in nutmeg has become a severe export obstacle. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coating formula to reduce A. flavus contamination in nutmeg seeds. Cleaned and dried nutmeg seeds were coated with a coating formula containing propylparaben, potassium sorbate, and clove oil, then challenged by spraying with A. flavus conidia suspension. The treated seeds were incubated in humid plastic boxes. The colonization of A. flavus on the seeds was visually assessed after treatment. Aflatoxin contamination, the residue of propylparaben, and potassium sorbate were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that total aflatoxin in the shelled nutmeg seeds without coating was 471.69 µg kg-1, which is much higher than that in the coated seeds with formula (4.22 µg kg-1). Also, aflatoxin B1 was 462.10 µg kg-1 in the uncoated shelled seeds compared with that in the coated seeds (3.71 µg kg-1). In the unshelled nutmeg seeds without coating, total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 contaminations were higher (376.06 µg kg-1 and 342.84 µg kg-1, respectively) than that in the coated seeds (3.00 µg kg-1 and 2.74 µg kg-1). Propylparaben residue in the coated nutmeg seeds was undetected, while, the potassium sorbate residue was detected as much as 30.86 mg kg-1 in shelled and coated nutmeg seeds. The study showed that the coating formula was effective in reducing aflatoxin contamination in shelled and unshelled nutmeg seeds. ","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47057641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p25-31
Masna Maya Sinta, S. Sumaryono
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), a tuber-producing plant, is a functional food that produces carbohydrates while meeting nutritional needs. Propagation of sweet potato through tissue culture is often hampered in the initial culture due to contamination. The study aimed to optimize sterilization of explants and growth of in vitro culture of purple sweet potato. Tubers of purple sweet potato cv. Antin 2 were ex vitro cultured through a semi-immersion system to produce shoots. The shoots as explants were sterilized with alcohol, fungicide, and sodium hypochlorite (P1); alcohol and sodium hypochlorite (P2); sodium hypochlorite (P3), and washed on sterile distilled water as control (C). The explants were then cultured on MS solid medium in tubes and jars. Growth and multiplication of shoots were carried out on MS solid medium added with cytokinins (BA and kinetin) at different concentrations. The results showed that the best sterilization method was obtained in the sodium hypochlorite (P3) and alcohol-sodium hypochlorite (P2) treatments, with sterile shoots reaching 100%. Planting the explants in jars gave higher normal shoot formation (85–100%) than that in tubes (12.5–48%). The use of kinetin at 0.5–1 mg L-1 gave good shoot vigor. The best axillary shoot multiplication was found on media with 0.5 mg L-1 BA. Growing explants on the semi-immersion system and sodium hypochlorite sterilization produced the highest sterile ones, whereas culturing three explants promotes normal growth straight after sterilization.
{"title":"EXPLANT STERILIZATION AND IN VITRO CULTURE OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO TO OPTIMIZE NORMAL SHOOT FORMATION","authors":"Masna Maya Sinta, S. Sumaryono","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p25-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p25-31","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), a tuber-producing plant, is a functional food that produces carbohydrates while meeting nutritional needs. Propagation of sweet potato through tissue culture is often hampered in the initial culture due to contamination. The study aimed to optimize sterilization of explants and growth of in vitro culture of purple sweet potato. Tubers of purple sweet potato cv. Antin 2 were ex vitro cultured through a semi-immersion system to produce shoots. The shoots as explants were sterilized with alcohol, fungicide, and sodium hypochlorite (P1); alcohol and sodium hypochlorite (P2); sodium hypochlorite (P3), and washed on sterile distilled water as control (C). The explants were then cultured on MS solid medium in tubes and jars. Growth and multiplication of shoots were carried out on MS solid medium added with cytokinins (BA and kinetin) at different concentrations. The results showed that the best sterilization method was obtained in the sodium hypochlorite (P3) and alcohol-sodium hypochlorite (P2) treatments, with sterile shoots reaching 100%. Planting the explants in jars gave higher normal shoot formation (85–100%) than that in tubes (12.5–48%). The use of kinetin at 0.5–1 mg L-1 gave good shoot vigor. The best axillary shoot multiplication was found on media with 0.5 mg L-1 BA. Growing explants on the semi-immersion system and sodium hypochlorite sterilization produced the highest sterile ones, whereas culturing three explants promotes normal growth straight after sterilization.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47958047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p7-14
H. S. Khairani, S. W. Ardie, F. Parlindo
As a generalist pathogen in cereals, Fusarium spp. become the most threatening fungi which can conduct its saprogenesis by infecting seeds. Determination of fungal identity and the yield loss risk is needed to modify the effective controlling strategies. However, there is no report on implementing methods for controlling Fusarium spp. on foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.). This research was undertaken from July to September 2020 and November to December 2021 under ambient laboratory conditions to identify and evaluate the pathogenicity of seed-borne Fusarium species in foxtail millet. One hundred colonies of seed-borne fungi were isolated from foxtail millet genotype ICERI-6 which was dominated by Fusarium spp. Morphological characterization by observing the structure of colonies and microscopical features indicated that the six isolates (Fu1–Fu6) were identical to Fusarium solani, F. chlamydosporum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum, and F. graminearum, respectively. Molecular identification for the 5.8s rDNA target gene with ITS1 and ITS4 primers has confirmed that the Fusarium spp. were determined as mentioned species. Pathogenicity test using potato dextrose agar medium showed that the germination percentage of seed inoculated by Fusarium spp. was only 1.2% on average at 7 days after incubation. These species led to germination failure as the seeds were covered by fungal mycelia. Seeds that could escape from germination failure performed necrotic spots on the seedlings. These abnormalities would contribute to low productivity in the field. The study has implication in controlling seed-borne disease and that resistant variety breeding becomes important issues to be addressed for future research.
镰刀菌（Fusarium spp.）是谷物中的一种多面手病原体，是最具威胁性的真菌，它可以通过感染种子来进行共生。需要确定真菌特性和产量损失风险，以修改有效的控制策略。然而，目前还没有关于在谷子（Setaria italica L.Beauv.）上控制镰刀菌的实施方法的报告。本研究于2020年7月至9月和2021年11月至12月在环境实验室条件下进行，以鉴定和评估种子传播的镰刀菌在谷子中的致病性。从以镰刀菌属为主的谷子基因型ICERI-6中分离到100个种传真菌菌落。通过观察菌落结构和显微镜特征的形态学特征表明，这6个分离株（Fu1–Fu6）与茄镰孢、厚垣孢、尖孢、木贼、增殖菌和禾谷镰刀菌相同，分别地用ITS1和ITS4引物对5.8s rDNA靶基因进行分子鉴定，证实镰刀菌属为上述物种。用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基进行的致病性试验表明，镰刀菌接种的种子在培养7天后平均发芽率仅为1.2%。由于种子被真菌菌丝体覆盖，这些物种导致发芽失败。可能从发芽失败中逃脱的种子在幼苗上形成坏死点。这些异常情况会导致油田生产率低下。该研究对控制种子传播疾病具有重要意义，抗性品种选育成为未来研究的重要问题。
{"title":"FUSARIUM SPECIES FROM AN INDONESIAN GENOTYPE OF FOXTAIL MILLET SEEDS","authors":"H. S. Khairani, S. W. Ardie, F. Parlindo","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n1.2022.p7-14","url":null,"abstract":"As a generalist pathogen in cereals, Fusarium spp. become the most threatening fungi which can conduct its saprogenesis by infecting seeds. Determination of fungal identity and the yield loss risk is needed to modify the effective controlling strategies. However, there is no report on implementing methods for controlling Fusarium spp. on foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.). This research was undertaken from July to September 2020 and November to December 2021 under ambient laboratory conditions to identify and evaluate the pathogenicity of seed-borne Fusarium species in foxtail millet. One hundred colonies of seed-borne fungi were isolated from foxtail millet genotype ICERI-6 which was dominated by Fusarium spp. Morphological characterization by observing the structure of colonies and microscopical features indicated that the six isolates (Fu1–Fu6) were identical to Fusarium solani, F. chlamydosporum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum, and F. graminearum, respectively. Molecular identification for the 5.8s rDNA target gene with ITS1 and ITS4 primers has confirmed that the Fusarium spp. were determined as mentioned species. Pathogenicity test using potato dextrose agar medium showed that the germination percentage of seed inoculated by Fusarium spp. was only 1.2% on average at 7 days after incubation. These species led to germination failure as the seeds were covered by fungal mycelia. Seeds that could escape from germination failure performed necrotic spots on the seedlings. These abnormalities would contribute to low productivity in the field. The study has implication in controlling seed-borne disease and that resistant variety breeding becomes important issues to be addressed for future research.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49245483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p15-24
M. Zamanian, M. Yazdandoost
Bio-fertilizers improve nutrient availability and reduce the need to use chemical fertilizers and hold a great promise to increase crop yields. To study the effects of different nutrition systems, this research evaluated the individual and combined effects of bio-fertilizers and compared their efficiency with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) chemical fertilizers on the yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the 2017–2018 crop year in Hamedan, Iran. The field experiment included a combination of two factorial experiments, consisting of (a) the application of chemical nitrogen (N0=0, N1=45, N2=90 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (P0=0, P1=40, P2=80 kg ha-1) fertilizers, and (b) the application of N-fixing bacteria Azospirillum and Azotobacter (BN0=0, BN1=0.5, BN2=1 L ha-1), and P-solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas and Bacillus (BP0=0, BP1=0.5, BP2=1 L ha-1) bio-fertilizers. Each experiment used a 3×3 design with nine treatments and arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results indicated that the chemical N and P fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield, thousand-grain weight, plant dry weight, protein percentage, and harvest index. Furthermore, bio-fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield and harvest index. The application of bio-fertilizers with N-fixing bacteria and P-solubilizing bacteria improved the growth and yield characteristics of sunflower. Sunflower oil yield was similar among all treatments, ranged from 2.22 to 5.7 t ha-1. Grain yield ranged from 5.12 to 5.88 t ha-1. A similar result between treatments with the chemical and bio-fertilizers suggests that bio-fertilizers are potential alternatives to chemical fertilizers.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCES ON THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER","authors":"M. Zamanian, M. Yazdandoost","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p15-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v23n2.2022.p15-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"abstrakinggris\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Bio-fertilizers improve nutrient availability and reduce the need to use chemical fertilizers and hold a great promise to increase crop yields. To study the effects of different nutrition systems, this research evaluated the individual and combined effects of bio-fertilizers and compared their efficiency with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) chemical fertilizers on the yield of sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) in the 2017–2018 crop year in Hamedan, Iran. The field experiment included a combination of two factorial experiments, consisting of (a) the application of chemical nitrogen (N<sub>0</sub>=0, N<sub>1</sub>=45, N<sub>2</sub>=90 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and phosphorus (P<sub>0</sub>=0, P<sub>1</sub>=40, P<sub>2</sub>=80 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) fertilizers, and (b) the application of N-fixing bacteria <em>Azospirillum</em> and <em>Azotobacter</em> (BN<sub>0</sub>=0, BN<sub>1</sub>=0.5, BN<sub>2</sub>=1 L ha<sup>-1</sup>), and P-solubilizing bacteria <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> (BP<sub>0</sub>=0, BP<sub>1</sub>=0.5, BP<sub>2</sub>=1 L ha<sup>-1</sup>) bio-fertilizers. Each experiment used a 3×3 design with nine treatments and arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results indicated that the chemical N and P fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield, thousand-grain weight, plant dry weight, protein percentage, and harvest index. Furthermore, bio-fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield and harvest index. The application of bio-fertilizers with N-fixing bacteria and P-solubilizing bacteria improved the growth and yield characteristics of sunflower. Sunflower oil yield was similar among all treatments, ranged from 2.22 to 5.7 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. Grain yield ranged from 5.12 to 5.88 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. A similar result between treatments with the chemical and bio-fertilizers suggests that bio-fertilizers are potential alternatives to chemical fertilizers.</span></p>","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49003698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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