Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p89-97
E. Wina, S. Muetzel
Secondary compounds containing plant extract as feed additive may improve the performance of livestock consuming high roughage diet. An in vivo trial was conducted to investigate the effect of Sapindus rarak extract (SRE) on ruminal fermentation products, microbial protein synthesis, and growth performance of sheep. Sheep (male, 28 heads) fed high roughage diet were arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments: addition of SRE to the diet at 0, 4, 8 and 12 g head-1 day-1. The experiment was conducted for 105 days with 2 weeks adaptation period. At the end of the experiment, total faeces was collected for 1 week and rumen liquor was taken. Variables measured were ruminal fermentation products, microbial protein synthesis, daily intake, digestibility, N retention, body weight, and average daily gain. Protozoal numbers were significantly decreased with increasing SRE dose. The ruminal NH3 concentration tended to reduce by SRE addition (P = 0.06). SRE significantly increased propionate and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis from 6.4 to 10.5 g N kg-1 DOMR. SRE significantly improved average daily gain of sheep during the first 70 days of experiment without affecting intake and digestibility. SRE did not alter carcass percentage but tended to lower pancreas and liver weights (P<0.1). In conclusion, SRE has a significant role in partially defaunated rumen microflora, hence, increased microbial protein synthesis and propionate production in the rumen. Addition of SRE is useful to increase daily gain of sheep fed high roughage diet in 70 days of feeding.
含植物提取物的二次化合物作为饲料添加剂可以提高高粗饲粮牲畜的生产性能。本试验旨在研究皂荚提取物(SRE)对绵羊瘤胃发酵产物、微生物蛋白合成及生长性能的影响。选用饲喂高粗饲粮的公羊28头，采用完全随机设计，分别在饲粮中添加0、4、8和12 g SRE，每头1 d。试验期105 d，预试期2周。试验结束时，收集总粪便1周，取瘤胃液。测量的变量包括瘤胃发酵产物、微生物蛋白质合成、日采食量、消化率、氮沉积、体重和平均日增重。随着SRE剂量的增加，原虫数量显著减少。添加SRE有降低瘤胃NH3浓度的趋势(P = 0.06)。SRE显著提高了丙酸盐和微生物蛋白合成效率，从6.4 g N kg-1 DOMR提高到10.5 g N kg-1 DOMR。SRE在不影响采食量和消化率的情况下显著提高了试验前70 d的平均日增重。SRE没有改变胴体率，但有降低胰腺和肝脏重量的趋势(P<0.1)。综上所述，SRE对瘤胃微生物区系的部分破坏具有显著作用，从而提高了瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成和丙酸的产量。饲粮中添加SRE有利于提高高粗饲粮70 d的日增重。
{"title":"EFFECT OF LERAK (SAPINDUS RARAK) EXTRACT IN HIGH ROUGHAGE DIET ON RUMEN MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP","authors":"E. Wina, S. Muetzel","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p89-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p89-97","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary compounds containing plant extract as feed additive may improve the performance of livestock consuming high roughage diet. An in vivo trial was conducted to investigate the effect of Sapindus rarak extract (SRE) on ruminal fermentation products, microbial protein synthesis, and growth performance of sheep. Sheep (male, 28 heads) fed high roughage diet were arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments: addition of SRE to the diet at 0, 4, 8 and 12 g head-1 day-1. The experiment was conducted for 105 days with 2 weeks adaptation period. At the end of the experiment, total faeces was collected for 1 week and rumen liquor was taken. Variables measured were ruminal fermentation products, microbial protein synthesis, daily intake, digestibility, N retention, body weight, and average daily gain. Protozoal numbers were significantly decreased with increasing SRE dose. The ruminal NH3 concentration tended to reduce by SRE addition (P = 0.06). SRE significantly increased propionate and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis from 6.4 to 10.5 g N kg-1 DOMR. SRE significantly improved average daily gain of sheep during the first 70 days of experiment without affecting intake and digestibility. SRE did not alter carcass percentage but tended to lower pancreas and liver weights (P<0.1). In conclusion, SRE has a significant role in partially defaunated rumen microflora, hence, increased microbial protein synthesis and propionate production in the rumen. Addition of SRE is useful to increase daily gain of sheep fed high roughage diet in 70 days of feeding.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46655055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p78-88
Muhammad Rasyid Ridla Ranomahera, B. D. Nugroho, P. D. Riajaya, Rivandi Pranandita Putra
In Indonesia, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is mostly cultivated in drylands, thus depending on rainfall for crop growth and development. Rainfall is an essential factor affecting sugarcane productivity. The global climate indices can be used to investigate potential of rainfall within a given area and its relationship with crop productivity. This reserach aimed to analyze the relationship between the global climate index, rainfall, and sugarcane productivity in drylands near Glenmore sugar mill, i.e., Benculuk and Jolondoro, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. The global climate index data used were the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) between 1995 and 2014. Results of this research showed that SOI and SST can be used to predict the rainfall in both Benculuk and Jolondoro. Rainfall (y) can be predicted with SST data (x) using the equation of y = -352.49x + 7724.1 in Benculuk and y = -107.32 + 3443.4 in Jolondoro, as well as with SOI data (x) using the equation of y = 38.664x + 1555.1 in Benculuk and y = 10.541x + 1567.8 in Jolondoro. Sugarcane productivity (y) in Jolondoro can be predicted using data of total rainfall (x) between October and March with the following equation: y = -0.1672x + 1157.3. This equation can be used by sugar mills, sugarcane growers, and other sugarcane-relevant stakeholders for determining the appropriate growing season.
{"title":"USING GLOBAL CLIMATE INDICES TO PREDICT RAINFALL AND SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY IN DRYLANDS OF BANYUWANGI, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA","authors":"Muhammad Rasyid Ridla Ranomahera, B. D. Nugroho, P. D. Riajaya, Rivandi Pranandita Putra","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p78-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p78-88","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is mostly cultivated in drylands, thus depending on rainfall for crop growth and development. Rainfall is an essential factor affecting sugarcane productivity. The global climate indices can be used to investigate potential of rainfall within a given area and its relationship with crop productivity. This reserach aimed to analyze the relationship between the global climate index, rainfall, and sugarcane productivity in drylands near Glenmore sugar mill, i.e., Benculuk and Jolondoro, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. The global climate index data used were the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) between 1995 and 2014. Results of this research showed that SOI and SST can be used to predict the rainfall in both Benculuk and Jolondoro. Rainfall (y) can be predicted with SST data (x) using the equation of y = -352.49x + 7724.1 in Benculuk and y = -107.32 + 3443.4 in Jolondoro, as well as with SOI data (x) using the equation of y = 38.664x + 1555.1 in Benculuk and y = 10.541x + 1567.8 in Jolondoro. Sugarcane productivity (y) in Jolondoro can be predicted using data of total rainfall (x) between October and March with the following equation: y = -0.1672x + 1157.3. This equation can be used by sugar mills, sugarcane growers, and other sugarcane-relevant stakeholders for determining the appropriate growing season.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p59-69
A. T. Sakya, E. Sulistyaningsih, B. Purwanto, D. Indradewa
The released lowland tomato cultivars are known for their resistance to plant diseases and high temperatures. The study aimed to identify the drought tolerance of lowland tomato cultivars based on the drought tolerant indices. The study was arranged in a split plot design, using seven lowland tomato cultivars (Zamrud, Permata F1, Ratna, Mirah, Tombatu F1, Tyrana F1, and Tymoti F1) as the main plot and watering (standard conditions and once every eight days as the drought conditions) as the subplot. Parameters observed were morpho physiological characters (plant height, leaf area, biomass, root length, root surface area, shoot root ratio, relative moisture content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll levels, and proline levels). The parameters observed in each character included the sensitivity stress index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield stability index (YSI). Results showed that four cultivars (Tyrana F1, Tymoty F1, Mirah, and Tombatu F1) were drought tolerance, and three cultivars (Ratna, Permata F1, and Zamrud F1) were susceptible. The water stress decreased agronomic and physiological traits performance, but the drought-tolerant cultivars were less affected to the stress and produced higher fruit weight. The study implies that the drought-tolerant cultivars could be used as a promising source for drought tolerant genotypes.
{"title":"DROUGHT TOLERANT INDICES OF LOWLAND TOMATO CULTIVARS","authors":"A. T. Sakya, E. Sulistyaningsih, B. Purwanto, D. Indradewa","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p59-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p59-69","url":null,"abstract":"The released lowland tomato cultivars are known for their resistance to plant diseases and high temperatures. The study aimed to identify the drought tolerance of lowland tomato cultivars based on the drought tolerant indices. The study was arranged in a split plot design, using seven lowland tomato cultivars (Zamrud, Permata F1, Ratna, Mirah, Tombatu F1, Tyrana F1, and Tymoti F1) as the main plot and watering (standard conditions and once every eight days as the drought conditions) as the subplot. Parameters observed were morpho physiological characters (plant height, leaf area, biomass, root length, root surface area, shoot root ratio, relative moisture content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll levels, and proline levels). The parameters observed in each character included the sensitivity stress index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield stability index (YSI). Results showed that four cultivars (Tyrana F1, Tymoty F1, Mirah, and Tombatu F1) were drought tolerance, and three cultivars (Ratna, Permata F1, and Zamrud F1) were susceptible. The water stress decreased agronomic and physiological traits performance, but the drought-tolerant cultivars were less affected to the stress and produced higher fruit weight. The study implies that the drought-tolerant cultivars could be used as a promising source for drought tolerant genotypes.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p70-77
G. A. Sopha
True shallot seed (Allium cepa var Aggregatum group) is an alternative way of growing shallot. Different environments and cultivars need a specific study. The aim of this research was to find out the best technology to grow Trisula true shallot seed by managing plant densities and applying compost and biofertilizer in alluvial soils. The study was performed from May to October 2015, using a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot was plant density: 100 plants m-2 and 70 plants m-2. Subplots were five fertilizer application combinations, they were 100% recommended dose of NPK (R-NPK), 100% R-NPK + compost, 100% R-NPK + compost + biofertilizer, 50% R-NPK + compost and 50% R-NPK + compost + biofertilizer. Results showed that biomass and bulb yield were significantly affected by plant density and fertilizer application. The reduced 50% R-NPK by substituting with compost and biofertilizer was unable to maintain shallot bulb yield equal to 100% R-NPK, suggesting insufficient nutrients derived from compost to satisfy the shallot requirement. The best technology to grow true shallot seed of Trisula variety was 100 plants m-2 plant density and 100% NPK (consisting of 180 kg N ha-1, 52 kg P ha-1 and 50 kg K ha-1) with 2.5 t ha-1 compost that achieved the highest bulb yield of 9.83 t ha-1 and increased the revenue.
真正的葱籽（Allium cepa var Aggregum group）是一种种植葱的替代方式。不同的环境和品种需要进行具体的研究。本研究的目的是通过管理植物密度以及在冲积土中施用堆肥和生物肥料，找出种植Trisula真葱种子的最佳技术。该研究于2015年5月至10月进行，采用四次重复的分裂地块设计。主要地块为植物密度：100株m-2和70株m-2。子地块是五种肥料施用组合，它们是100%推荐剂量的NPK（R-NPK）、100%R-NPK+堆肥、100%R-NPK+堆肥+生物肥料、50%R-NPK+堆肥和50%R-NPK+堆肥+生物化肥。结果表明，密度和施肥对生物量和鳞茎产量有显著影响。用堆肥和生物肥料替代减少的50%的R-NPK无法将小葱球茎产量保持在100%的R-NPK，这表明堆肥中的营养物质不足，无法满足小葱的需求。种植Trisula品种真葱种子的最佳技术是100株m-2植物密度和100%NPK（由180kg N ha-1、52kg P ha-1和50kg K ha-1组成）与2.5t ha-1堆肥，获得了9.83 t ha-1的最高球茎产量并增加了收入。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF PLANT DENSITY, COMPOST AND BIOFERTILIZER ON TRUE SHALLOT SEED GROWTH IN ALLUVIAL SOIL","authors":"G. A. Sopha","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p70-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p70-77","url":null,"abstract":"True shallot seed (Allium cepa var Aggregatum group) is an alternative way of growing shallot. Different environments and cultivars need a specific study. The aim of this research was to find out the best technology to grow Trisula true shallot seed by managing plant densities and applying compost and biofertilizer in alluvial soils. The study was performed from May to October 2015, using a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot was plant density: 100 plants m-2 and 70 plants m-2. Subplots were five fertilizer application combinations, they were 100% recommended dose of NPK (R-NPK), 100% R-NPK + compost, 100% R-NPK + compost + biofertilizer, 50% R-NPK + compost and 50% R-NPK + compost + biofertilizer. Results showed that biomass and bulb yield were significantly affected by plant density and fertilizer application. The reduced 50% R-NPK by substituting with compost and biofertilizer was unable to maintain shallot bulb yield equal to 100% R-NPK, suggesting insufficient nutrients derived from compost to satisfy the shallot requirement. The best technology to grow true shallot seed of Trisula variety was 100 plants m-2 plant density and 100% NPK (consisting of 180 kg N ha-1, 52 kg P ha-1 and 50 kg K ha-1) with 2.5 t ha-1 compost that achieved the highest bulb yield of 9.83 t ha-1 and increased the revenue.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p49-58
N. Esa, A. Puteh, Mazidah Mat, Roesnita Ismail, M. Yusop
Rice blast is one of the most critical limiting factors for rice plant growth performance. Silicon has been shown to have positive effects in controlling several plant diseases. The study aimed to investigate the impact of silicon levels on rice yield, silicon content, and panicle blast in rice plants. The study was set up as a 2 x 5 factorial experiment with three replications and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first factors were two rice cultivars, MARDI Siraj 297 (resistant) and MR 263 (susceptible). The second factors were five levels of calcium silicate (0 g, 4 g, 8 g, 12 g, and 16 g) applied to 40 kg soil per pot. The standard fertilizers, i.e., N, P2 O5, and K2 O, were applied four times at the recommended dosage. High virulent of Pyricularia oryzae conidia (4 x 104 conidia ml-1) was sprayed using a hand sprayer (30 ml pot-1) at the time of fully completed panicle development (65 days after planting). Observed parameters were plant growth (height and culm length), yields (spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, and harvest index), panicle blast severity, and silica content in leaf, stem, and panicle. The results showed that silicon application reduced panicle blast severity, leading to higher yield per plant. The increase of the rice yield was a result of a significant increae in panicle per m2 , spikelet per m2 , and percentage of filled grain. Panicle blast greatly affected the performance of spikelet number per m2 , percentage of filled grain, grain weight, and yield per plant for the susceptible cultivar. Application of calcium silicate 10 g 40 kg-1 soil per pot at panicle initiation is recommended to reduce panicle blast severity hereby improve grain yield.
{"title":"INCREASING YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT RICE BLAST CULTIVARS USING SILICON FERTILIZATION","authors":"N. Esa, A. Puteh, Mazidah Mat, Roesnita Ismail, M. Yusop","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p49-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p49-58","url":null,"abstract":"Rice blast is one of the most critical limiting factors for rice plant growth performance. Silicon has been shown to have positive effects in controlling several plant diseases. The study aimed to investigate the impact of silicon levels on rice yield, silicon content, and panicle blast in rice plants. The study was set up as a 2 x 5 factorial experiment with three replications and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first factors were two rice cultivars, MARDI Siraj 297 (resistant) and MR 263 (susceptible). The second factors were five levels of calcium silicate (0 g, 4 g, 8 g, 12 g, and 16 g) applied to 40 kg soil per pot. The standard fertilizers, i.e., N, P2 O5, and K2 O, were applied four times at the recommended dosage. High virulent of Pyricularia oryzae conidia (4 x 104 conidia ml-1) was sprayed using a hand sprayer (30 ml pot-1) at the time of fully completed panicle development (65 days after planting). Observed parameters were plant growth (height and culm length), yields (spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, and harvest index), panicle blast severity, and silica content in leaf, stem, and panicle. The results showed that silicon application reduced panicle blast severity, leading to higher yield per plant. The increase of the rice yield was a result of a significant increae in panicle per m2 , spikelet per m2 , and percentage of filled grain. Panicle blast greatly affected the performance of spikelet number per m2 , percentage of filled grain, grain weight, and yield per plant for the susceptible cultivar. Application of calcium silicate 10 g 40 kg-1 soil per pot at panicle initiation is recommended to reduce panicle blast severity hereby improve grain yield.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p30-38
M. Suhail, K. P. Singh, I. Ali
Waste released from sugar factories has a huge amount of inorganic and organic matter whose effect on plant is different when used in different concentrations. Hence, the effects of sugar factory effluent on the morphological and biochemical parameters of chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum Linn.) were studied by using the different concentrations of effluent for irrigation of chickpeas plant. The experiment was conducted at Botanical Garden, Department of Biochemistry, Bhaila (PG) College, Bhaila (Saharanpur), Uttar Pradesh. In the experiment, pots were arranged in a completely randomized design, replicated by six times and were labeled for the various treatments viz. 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% v/v. After that, chickpea plants were grown up to 10 days, in the soil irrigated with different concentrations of sugar factory effluent. It was observed that sugar factory effluent promoted the growth of chickpea seeds at 10–25% concentration, but its lethal impacts were noted when concentrations were above 50–100%. Hence, it was found that at lower concentrations (upto 25%), sugar factory effluent behaves as compost for better growth of chickpeas, but at high concentrations, it shows toxicity and behaves as a pollutant. Moreover, it makes the speed of biochemical reactions slow in chickpeas. Therefore, sugar factory effluent can be used for irrigation of chickpeas after proper dilution .
{"title":"EFFECTS OF CRUDE SUGARCANE FACTORY EFFLUENT ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CHICKPEAS","authors":"M. Suhail, K. P. Singh, I. Ali","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p30-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p30-38","url":null,"abstract":"Waste released from sugar factories has a huge amount of inorganic and organic matter whose effect on plant is different when used in different concentrations. Hence, the effects of sugar factory effluent on the morphological and biochemical parameters of chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum Linn.) were studied by using the different concentrations of effluent for irrigation of chickpeas plant. The experiment was conducted at Botanical Garden, Department of Biochemistry, Bhaila (PG) College, Bhaila (Saharanpur), Uttar Pradesh. In the experiment, pots were arranged in a completely randomized design, replicated by six times and were labeled for the various treatments viz. 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% v/v. After that, chickpea plants were grown up to 10 days, in the soil irrigated with different concentrations of sugar factory effluent. It was observed that sugar factory effluent promoted the growth of chickpea seeds at 10–25% concentration, but its lethal impacts were noted when concentrations were above 50–100%. Hence, it was found that at lower concentrations (upto 25%), sugar factory effluent behaves as compost for better growth of chickpeas, but at high concentrations, it shows toxicity and behaves as a pollutant. Moreover, it makes the speed of biochemical reactions slow in chickpeas. Therefore, sugar factory effluent can be used for irrigation of chickpeas after proper dilution .","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44201642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p1-10
Anup Dhakal, Shishir Sharma, Amrit Pokhrel, A. Poudel
The variability in the rice landraces is the source of variation and offers substantial opportunity for the development of new varieties through the selection. Exploring diversity and variability of landraces is utmost for rice improvement. The objective of the study was to assess diversity indices, magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance for the yield, and yield contributing traits. An experiment was carried out in alpha-lattice with 30 landraces, two replications in the Agronomy farm of IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during June-November, 2018. Shannon and Simpson's indices were calculated for 18 qualitative traits. The value of the Shannon and Simpson index ranged 0.15-1.41 and 0.07- 0.75, respectively. Landraces showed significant variations (p<0.001) for all 13 qualitative traits studied. The higher value of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the studied traits indicated the influence of the environment. The filled-grain per panicle exhibited a high estimate of PCV and GCV, followed by the effective tiller and filled grain percentage. High heritability, along with high genetic advance was found in 10 traits, including 1000 grain weight, grain length, and filled grain per panicle indicated the presence of additive gene action. Direct selection of characters of these traits based on phenotypic expression by a selection method will be more reliable for yield improvement. The study suggests that the existence of diversity and estimated genetic parameters among landraces of rice that can be exploited in future rice breeding programs.
{"title":"VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATE OF 30 RICE LANDRACES OF LAMJUNG AND TANAHUN DISTRICTS, NEPAL","authors":"Anup Dhakal, Shishir Sharma, Amrit Pokhrel, A. Poudel","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p1-10","url":null,"abstract":"The variability in the rice landraces is the source of variation and offers substantial opportunity for the development of new varieties through the selection. Exploring diversity and variability of landraces is utmost for rice improvement. The objective of the study was to assess diversity indices, magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance for the yield, and yield contributing traits. An experiment was carried out in alpha-lattice with 30 landraces, two replications in the Agronomy farm of IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during June-November, 2018. Shannon and Simpson's indices were calculated for 18 qualitative traits. The value of the Shannon and Simpson index ranged 0.15-1.41 and 0.07- 0.75, respectively. Landraces showed significant variations (p<0.001) for all 13 qualitative traits studied. The higher value of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the studied traits indicated the influence of the environment. The filled-grain per panicle exhibited a high estimate of PCV and GCV, followed by the effective tiller and filled grain percentage. High heritability, along with high genetic advance was found in 10 traits, including 1000 grain weight, grain length, and filled grain per panicle indicated the presence of additive gene action. Direct selection of characters of these traits based on phenotypic expression by a selection method will be more reliable for yield improvement. The study suggests that the existence of diversity and estimated genetic parameters among landraces of rice that can be exploited in future rice breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48273927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p11-16
Achmad Amzeri, Kaswan Badami
Maize production in Madura Island is low. The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performances (flowering age, harvesting age, and yield), heterosis effect, and resistance to downy mildew disease of F 1 Madura maize hybrids. Ten F 1 maize hybrids and seven respective parents were evaluated at the experimental center of the Agro-Technology Study Program of Agriculture Faculty, the University of Trunojoyo Madura, from July to December 2017. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, three replications, with a 50–100 plant population per unit. The parents were T 12 , T 16 , G 10 , G 14 , E 02 , Td 04 and L 1 genotypes having resistance to downy mildew ( Peronosclerospora maydis ). The results showed that the flowering age of the F 1 Madura maize hybrids ranged 35–39 days, the harvesting age was 74–81 days, and the yield ranged from 2.90–6.40 t ha -1 . Three hybrids showed the highest yield (T 12 x L 1 = 6.40 t ha -1 , T 16 x L 1 = 5.42 t ha -1 , and E 02 x L 1 = 5.90 t ha -1 ), and resistance to downy mildew, i.e. T 12 x L 1 (26.67%), T 16 x L 1 (26.67%), and E 02 x L 1 (26.67%). Two hybrids showed the highest heterosis values for yield, i.e. T 12 x L 1 (65.80%) and E 02 x L 1 (54.65%). The study suggests that three F 1 Madura maize hybrids (T 12 x L 1 , T 16 x L 1 and E 02 x L 1 ) are prospective to be developed further for high yield and resistance to downy mildew.
马杜拉岛的玉米产量很低。本研究旨在评价F1马杜拉玉米杂交种的农艺性状（开花期、收获期和产量）、杂种优势效应和对霜霉病的抗性。2017年7月至12月，在马杜拉大学农业学院农业技术研究项目的实验中心对10个F1玉米杂交种和7个亲本进行了评估。实验采用随机区组设计，三次重复，每个单位有50-100个植物种群。亲本为对霜霉病（Peronosclerospora maydis）具有抗性的T 12、T 16、G 10、G 14、E 02、Td 04和L 1基因型。结果表明，F1-马杜拉玉米杂交种的开花期为35–39天，收获期为74–81天，产量为2.90–6.40 t ha-1。三个杂交种表现出最高的产量（T 12 x L 1=6.40 T ha-1，T 16 x L 1=5.42 T ha-2，E 02 x L 1+5.90 T ha-1）和对霜霉病的抗性，即T 12 x L1（26.67%）、T 16 x L1（26.67%）和E 02 x L1（2.67%），研究表明，三个F1—马杜拉玉米杂交种（T12xL1、T16xL1和E02xL1）具有较高的产量和抗霜霉病性。
{"title":"IMPROVE YIELD AND DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE OF F1 MADURA MAIZE HYBRIDS","authors":"Achmad Amzeri, Kaswan Badami","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p11-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p11-16","url":null,"abstract":"Maize production in Madura Island is low. The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performances (flowering age, harvesting age, and yield), heterosis effect, and resistance to downy mildew disease of F 1 Madura maize hybrids. Ten F 1 maize hybrids and seven respective parents were evaluated at the experimental center of the Agro-Technology Study Program of Agriculture Faculty, the University of Trunojoyo Madura, from July to December 2017. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, three replications, with a 50–100 plant population per unit. The parents were T 12 , T 16 , G 10 , G 14 , E 02 , Td 04 and L 1 genotypes having resistance to downy mildew ( Peronosclerospora maydis ). The results showed that the flowering age of the F 1 Madura maize hybrids ranged 35–39 days, the harvesting age was 74–81 days, and the yield ranged from 2.90–6.40 t ha -1 . Three hybrids showed the highest yield (T 12 x L 1 = 6.40 t ha -1 , T 16 x L 1 = 5.42 t ha -1 , and E 02 x L 1 = 5.90 t ha -1 ), and resistance to downy mildew, i.e. T 12 x L 1 (26.67%), T 16 x L 1 (26.67%), and E 02 x L 1 (26.67%). Two hybrids showed the highest heterosis values for yield, i.e. T 12 x L 1 (65.80%) and E 02 x L 1 (54.65%). The study suggests that three F 1 Madura maize hybrids (T 12 x L 1 , T 16 x L 1 and E 02 x L 1 ) are prospective to be developed further for high yield and resistance to downy mildew.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47531796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p17-29
Dwinita Wikan Utami, M.Si., I. Rosdianti, L. Chrisnawati, S. Subardi, Siti Nurani, S. Suwarno
Iron (Fe) toxicity is a significant abiotic stress in swamp land. The study aimed to identify the candidate loci related to Fe toxicity tolerance through Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach. The study used 288 rice accessions consisting of 192 breeding lines and 50 local landraces, and custom-designed 384 rice SNPs-chips. A field evaluation was conducted in inland swamp for two season periods (2014 and 2015). Phenotypic data and association mapping were analyzed using XLSTAT and TASSEL 3.0. The candidate loci were analyzed by functional gene detection of the significant SNPs aligned to the Rice Annotation Project and the Institute for Genomic Research databases. Three linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were detected in the Fe tolerant population around the significant SNPs. The first LD block was mapped in chromosome 1 (the AtIRT gene and qFETOX1; qFETOX1-3 QTLs loci) resembled partitioning of Fe-toxicity tolerant mechanism. The second LD blocks located in chromosome 2 (qFE-TOX-2-1 and qFETOX-2 QTLs loci) and chromosome 3 (qFETOX-3 QTL, OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 loci), probably contributed to Fe exclusion mechanism. The third LD blocks located in chromosome 4 (OsFRO2 and qFETOX-4 QTL loci) and chromosome 7 (OsIRT2 and NAS3 loci). The third LD block found on tolerant genotypes both on vegetative and generative stages. This condition indicated that these loci were presumed playing a role for Fe toxicity tolerance in rice. Result of the study are beneficial for determining the strategy on developing Fe-toxicity tolerant rice for specific swamp land type through breeding programs.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF IRON TOLERANT CANDIDATE LOCI IN RICE DETERMINED THROUGH GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY","authors":"Dwinita Wikan Utami, M.Si., I. Rosdianti, L. Chrisnawati, S. Subardi, Siti Nurani, S. Suwarno","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p17-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p17-29","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) toxicity is a significant abiotic stress in swamp land. The study aimed to identify the candidate loci related to Fe toxicity tolerance through Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach. The study used 288 rice accessions consisting of 192 breeding lines and 50 local landraces, and custom-designed 384 rice SNPs-chips. A field evaluation was conducted in inland swamp for two season periods (2014 and 2015). Phenotypic data and association mapping were analyzed using XLSTAT and TASSEL 3.0. The candidate loci were analyzed by functional gene detection of the significant SNPs aligned to the Rice Annotation Project and the Institute for Genomic Research databases. Three linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were detected in the Fe tolerant population around the significant SNPs. The first LD block was mapped in chromosome 1 (the AtIRT gene and qFETOX1; qFETOX1-3 QTLs loci) resembled partitioning of Fe-toxicity tolerant mechanism. The second LD blocks located in chromosome 2 (qFE-TOX-2-1 and qFETOX-2 QTLs loci) and chromosome 3 (qFETOX-3 QTL, OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 loci), probably contributed to Fe exclusion mechanism. The third LD blocks located in chromosome 4 (OsFRO2 and qFETOX-4 QTL loci) and chromosome 7 (OsIRT2 and NAS3 loci). The third LD block found on tolerant genotypes both on vegetative and generative stages. This condition indicated that these loci were presumed playing a role for Fe toxicity tolerance in rice. Result of the study are beneficial for determining the strategy on developing Fe-toxicity tolerant rice for specific swamp land type through breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41599966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p39-47
B. Tangendjaja
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become common techniques to estimate chemical composition of feed ingredient for poultry. Two experiments were performed: first was to compare the capability of NIRS system from three laboratories (E, A and T) to measure nutrient composition of soybean meal (SBM); and the second was to evaluate nutrient composition and quality of 59 samples of SBM from Argentine, Brazil and US using NIRS from T-laboratory. Thirty samples of SBM was used in the first study and the result showed that all NIRS systems were able to estimate proximate, amino acids, metabolizable energy (ME) and carbohydrate components. The second experiment indicated that there were some differences in proximate composition (especially protein), total amino acids and digestible amino acids among SBM from different origins. Brazilian SBM had 2% higher protein and amino acid compared to US or Argentine SBM (P<0.05). However, US SBM had slightly higher ME (20 and 40 kcal kg -1 ) compared to Brazilian and Argentine SBM, respectively. ME is positively correlated with protein (0.50) and fat content (0.58) but negatively correlated with fiber (-0.74) and NSP (-0.61). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that ME can be estimated using equation ME (kcal kg -1 ) = 75.7 – 21.0 x Fiber + 87.4 x Fat + 32.9 x Protein + 17.6 x NFE with reasonable accuracy (R 2 = 0.995). In conclusion NIRS can be used to estimate nutrient content of SBM. Brazilian SBM has higher protein and amino acids, but US SBM has slightly higher ME content.
近红外反射光谱法（NIRS）已成为估算家禽饲料成分化学成分的常用技术。进行了两个实验：第一，比较了三个实验室（E、A和T）的近红外系统对豆粕营养成分的测量能力；二是利用T实验室的近红外光谱对来自阿根廷、巴西和美国的59份SBM样品的营养成分和质量进行了评价。在第一项研究中使用了30个SBM样本，结果表明，所有NIRS系统都能够估计邻近的氨基酸、代谢能（ME）和碳水化合物成分。第二个实验表明，不同来源的SBM在接近成分（尤其是蛋白质）、总氨基酸和可消化氨基酸方面存在一定差异。巴西SBM的蛋白质和氨基酸比美国或阿根廷SBM高2%（P＜0.05）。然而，美国SBM的ME（分别为20和40 kcal kg-1）略高于巴西和阿根廷SBM。ME与蛋白质（0.50）和脂肪含量（0.58）呈正相关，但与纤维（-0.74）和NSP（-0.61）呈负相关。逐步回归分析表明，使用方程ME（kcal kg-1）=75.7–21.0 x纤维+87.4 x脂肪+32.9 x蛋白质+17.6 x NFE可以估计ME，具有合理的准确性（R2=0.995）。总之，NIRS可以用于估计营养成分含量SBM。巴西SBM的蛋白质和氨基酸含量较高，但美国SBM的ME含量略高。
{"title":"NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL FROM DIFFERENT ORIGINS BASED ON NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY","authors":"B. Tangendjaja","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p39-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v21n1.2020.p39-47","url":null,"abstract":"Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become common techniques to estimate chemical composition of feed ingredient for poultry. Two experiments were performed: first was to compare the capability of NIRS system from three laboratories (E, A and T) to measure nutrient composition of soybean meal (SBM); and the second was to evaluate nutrient composition and quality of 59 samples of SBM from Argentine, Brazil and US using NIRS from T-laboratory. Thirty samples of SBM was used in the first study and the result showed that all NIRS systems were able to estimate proximate, amino acids, metabolizable energy (ME) and carbohydrate components. The second experiment indicated that there were some differences in proximate composition (especially protein), total amino acids and digestible amino acids among SBM from different origins. Brazilian SBM had 2% higher protein and amino acid compared to US or Argentine SBM (P<0.05). However, US SBM had slightly higher ME (20 and 40 kcal kg -1 ) compared to Brazilian and Argentine SBM, respectively. ME is positively correlated with protein (0.50) and fat content (0.58) but negatively correlated with fiber (-0.74) and NSP (-0.61). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that ME can be estimated using equation ME (kcal kg -1 ) = 75.7 – 21.0 x Fiber + 87.4 x Fat + 32.9 x Protein + 17.6 x NFE with reasonable accuracy (R 2 = 0.995). In conclusion NIRS can be used to estimate nutrient content of SBM. Brazilian SBM has higher protein and amino acids, but US SBM has slightly higher ME content.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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