Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v19n1.2018.p1-8
I. Mulyawanti, S. Budijanto, S. Yasni
Purple sweet potato is rich in anthocyanin giving a potential application in food product development. However, anthocyanin is relatively unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage. Understanding the stability and bio-accessibility of anthocyanin during processing, storage and simulated digestion is very important. The study aimed to investigate changes in anthocyanin degradation during processing, storage and simulated digestion of purple sweet potato pasta. The pasta was prepared through several processing steps, i.e. steaming the tuber, steaming the dough formula, extrusion, drying and boiling. Anthocyanin was analyzed at every stages of processing and storage of the pasta. The durability of the pasta during storage was analysed using an accelerated shelf-life testing method at 30, 40 and 50ºC for 28 days. The study showed that anthocyanin content decreased during the whole stages of processing and storage, but slightly increased during steaming. The highest loss of the anthocyanin occurred in the boiling process. Based on resistance to stomach and intestinal conditions, the bio-accessibility of anthocyanin was better in the digestive system in the stomach than that in the intestines. The increased anthocyanin appeared again in the colon. This study provides useful information for designing an effective method to minimize an extensive loss of anthocyanin of purple sweet potato for food product development.
{"title":"STABILITY OF ANTHOCYANIN DURING PROCESSING, STORAGE AND SIMULATED DIGESTION OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO PASTA","authors":"I. Mulyawanti, S. Budijanto, S. Yasni","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v19n1.2018.p1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v19n1.2018.p1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purple sweet potato is rich in anthocyanin giving a potential application in food product development. However, anthocyanin is relatively unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage. Understanding the stability and bio-accessibility of anthocyanin during processing, storage and simulated digestion is very important. The study aimed to investigate changes in anthocyanin degradation during processing, storage and simulated digestion of purple sweet potato pasta. The pasta was prepared through several processing steps, i.e. steaming the tuber, steaming the dough formula, extrusion, drying and boiling. Anthocyanin was analyzed at every stages of processing and storage of the pasta. The durability of the pasta during storage was analysed using an accelerated shelf-life testing method at 30, 40 and 50ºC for 28 days. The study showed that anthocyanin content decreased during the whole stages of processing and storage, but slightly increased during steaming. The highest loss of the anthocyanin occurred in the boiling process. Based on resistance to stomach and intestinal conditions, the bio-accessibility of anthocyanin was better in the digestive system in the stomach than that in the intestines. The increased anthocyanin appeared again in the colon. This study provides useful information for designing an effective method to minimize an extensive loss of anthocyanin of purple sweet potato for food product development.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47457250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P63-67
W. Wakman, D. Teakle, R. Louie
A new unidentified mottle disorder of maize Indonesia was found at the Research Institute for Maize and Other Cereals (RIMOC), Maros, South Sulawesi in 1995. Attempts to identify the disorder were made by mechanical inoculation, insect vector (Rhopalosiphum maidis and Peregrinus maidis) transmission, seed and pollen transmission, electron microscopy, and serological test. Fifty seeds from each of 22 ears of Arjuna maize plants showing the disorder were planted and symptoms on the seedlings were recorder at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after planting. The percentage of seedlings showing the disorder ranged from 40 to 100. Pollen of affected Arjuna was then used to pollinate four sweet corn female flowers. Hybrid seeds (50 per ear) of the crosses were planted and symptoms were recorded at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after planting. The results showed that percentage of seedlings showing the disorder ranged from 22 to 84. Electron microscopy and ELISA tests on 15 viruses and one phytospiroplasma antiserum however, gave negative results. Therefore, maize disorder at Maros was not identical to any known viral disease of maize. It could be a genetical disorder and has been given the name maize mottle.
{"title":"SEED AND POLLEN TTRANSMISSION OF A NEW UNIDENTIFIED MOTTLE DISORDER OF MAIZE IN INDONESIA","authors":"W. Wakman, D. Teakle, R. Louie","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P63-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P63-67","url":null,"abstract":"A new unidentified mottle disorder of maize Indonesia was found at the Research Institute for Maize and Other Cereals (RIMOC), Maros, South Sulawesi in 1995. Attempts to identify the disorder were made by mechanical inoculation, insect vector (Rhopalosiphum maidis and Peregrinus maidis) transmission, seed and pollen transmission, electron microscopy, and serological test. Fifty seeds from each of 22 ears of Arjuna maize plants showing the disorder were planted and symptoms on the seedlings were recorder at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after planting. The percentage of seedlings showing the disorder ranged from 40 to 100. Pollen of affected Arjuna was then used to pollinate four sweet corn female flowers. Hybrid seeds (50 per ear) of the crosses were planted and symptoms were recorded at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after planting. The results showed that percentage of seedlings showing the disorder ranged from 22 to 84. Electron microscopy and ELISA tests on 15 viruses and one phytospiroplasma antiserum however, gave negative results. Therefore, maize disorder at Maros was not identical to any known viral disease of maize. It could be a genetical disorder and has been given the name maize mottle.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47857859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P29-38
N. Gunadi, P. Harris
True potato seed (TPS) has been considered as an alternative planting material of seed tuber in potato production, especially in developing countries where good quality of seed tuber at reasonable price is difficult to obtain. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environment and genotype on potatoes grown from TPS in contrasting seasons and sites in West Java, Indonesia over a period of two years (September 1990-October 1992). Different method of establishing the potato crop from TPS were tested and compared with ev. Granola established from seed tubers. Data were interpreted in terms of relationships between total and tuber dry matter yield and intercepted radiation (IR). The growth and yield of potatoes grown from TPS were generally better at higher rather than lower altitudes, probably related to the lower temperatures which was reflected in an increase in IR and in the efficiency of conversion of IR into total and tuber dry matter. In the highland, seedling transplants and seedling tubers were both suitable for establishing crops from TPS in the wet season, but not in the dry season. All progenies, in general performed well at the highland especially the medium-late maturing progenies such as HPS 7/13. Atlantic x LT-7 initiated tubers and matured more rapidly than the other progenies and performed well at the lower altitudes. Atzimba x DTO-28 had a more gradual decline in ground cover and was more resistant to late blight than other early-medium maturing progenies. The medium-late maturing progeny. Atzimba x R-128.6 matured later and performed poorly at the lower altitudes.
马铃薯真籽（TPS）一直被认为是马铃薯生产中种薯的替代种植材料，尤其是在发展中国家，在这些国家很难以合理的价格获得优质的种薯。本研究旨在调查环境和基因型对印度尼西亚西爪哇不同季节和地点（1990年9月至1992年10月）种植的TPS土豆的影响。试验了从TPS中建立马铃薯作物的不同方法，并与从种子块茎中建立Granola进行了比较。根据总干物质产量和块茎干物质产量与截获辐射（IR）之间的关系对数据进行了解释。用TPS种植的土豆在海拔较高而不是较低的地方生长和产量通常更好，这可能与较低的温度有关，这反映在IR的增加以及IR转化为总干物质和块茎干物质的效率上。在高原，幼苗移植和幼苗块茎都适合在雨季从TPS建立作物，但在旱季不适合。一般来说，所有后代在高地表现良好，尤其是中晚熟后代，如HPS 7/13。Atlantic x LT-7启动块茎，比其他后代成熟得更快，在低海拔地区表现良好。Atzimba x DTO-28的地被覆盖物逐渐减少，与其他中早熟后代相比，对晚疫病的抗性更强。中晚熟的后代。Atzimba x R-128.6成熟较晚，在较低海拔地区表现不佳。
{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF POTATOES GROWN FROM TRUE SEED UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN WEST JAVA","authors":"N. Gunadi, P. Harris","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P29-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P29-38","url":null,"abstract":"True potato seed (TPS) has been considered as an alternative planting material of seed tuber in potato production, especially in developing countries where good quality of seed tuber at reasonable price is difficult to obtain. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environment and genotype on potatoes grown from TPS in contrasting seasons and sites in West Java, Indonesia over a period of two years (September 1990-October 1992). Different method of establishing the potato crop from TPS were tested and compared with ev. Granola established from seed tubers. Data were interpreted in terms of relationships between total and tuber dry matter yield and intercepted radiation (IR). The growth and yield of potatoes grown from TPS were generally better at higher rather than lower altitudes, probably related to the lower temperatures which was reflected in an increase in IR and in the efficiency of conversion of IR into total and tuber dry matter. In the highland, seedling transplants and seedling tubers were both suitable for establishing crops from TPS in the wet season, but not in the dry season. All progenies, in general performed well at the highland especially the medium-late maturing progenies such as HPS 7/13. Atlantic x LT-7 initiated tubers and matured more rapidly than the other progenies and performed well at the lower altitudes. Atzimba x DTO-28 had a more gradual decline in ground cover and was more resistant to late blight than other early-medium maturing progenies. The medium-late maturing progeny. Atzimba x R-128.6 matured later and performed poorly at the lower altitudes.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P1-9
B. Prasetyo, H. Sosiawan, S. Ritung
Pametikarata, Lewa subdistrict, is the priority area for food crop development in East Sumba. To evaluate its suitability and constraints, chemical properties, suitability and fertility capability classification for rice and secondary crops of some potential soils have been studied both in the field and in the laboratory. Seven soil profiles consisted of forty one soil samples were subjected to chemical and mineralogical analyses in the laboratory. The analyses consisted of clay fraction and organic-carbon contents, pH, potential P and K (25% HCI extraction), available P, phosphate retention. Exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (NH4OAc 1N, pH 7), and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction. The results indicate that soil acidity varies from acid to neutral Exchangeable cations are dominated by Ca cation and soil CEC ranges from low to very high. Clay mineral composition also varies, some are dominated by montmorillonite, others show mixed mineralogy between montmorillonite and kaolinite, and the rests are dominated by kaolinite with the exception of wet Vertisols, all soils are grouped as marginally suitable (S3) for rice and secondary crops. Nutrient availability and retention are the common limiting factors. Using fertility capability classification (FCC), all soils are grouped as clayey soils with low infiltration and high water holding capacity. The serious constraint for food crop development in this area is uncontrolled grazing that makes a conflict of interests between farming and cattle herding systems. Optimum success of food crop development in the area could be reached by controlling the herding system and improving the existing agricultural system.
{"title":"SOIL OF PAMETIKARATA, EAST SUMBA: ITS SUITABILITY AND CONSTRAINTS FOR FOOD CROP DEVELOPMENT","authors":"B. Prasetyo, H. Sosiawan, S. Ritung","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Pametikarata, Lewa subdistrict, is the priority area for food crop development in East Sumba. To evaluate its suitability and constraints, chemical properties, suitability and fertility capability classification for rice and secondary crops of some potential soils have been studied both in the field and in the laboratory. Seven soil profiles consisted of forty one soil samples were subjected to chemical and mineralogical analyses in the laboratory. The analyses consisted of clay fraction and organic-carbon contents, pH, potential P and K (25% HCI extraction), available P, phosphate retention. Exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (NH4OAc 1N, pH 7), and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction. The results indicate that soil acidity varies from acid to neutral Exchangeable cations are dominated by Ca cation and soil CEC ranges from low to very high. Clay mineral composition also varies, some are dominated by montmorillonite, others show mixed mineralogy between montmorillonite and kaolinite, and the rests are dominated by kaolinite with the exception of wet Vertisols, all soils are grouped as marginally suitable (S3) for rice and secondary crops. Nutrient availability and retention are the common limiting factors. Using fertility capability classification (FCC), all soils are grouped as clayey soils with low infiltration and high water holding capacity. The serious constraint for food crop development in this area is uncontrolled grazing that makes a conflict of interests between farming and cattle herding systems. Optimum success of food crop development in the area could be reached by controlling the herding system and improving the existing agricultural system.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P21-28
F. Ariyani
In tropical countries such as Indonesia, high ambient temperature and a lack of icing cause very rapid spoilage of fish. Leaving fish uniced while waiting for processing is a common practice resulting in lower quality of the end products, and consequently lower price of the products. To study the spoilage pattern of sardines ( Sardinella neophilchardus ) in a tropical region, and to investigate a simple and quick method to judge the degree of spoilage, observations on the deterioration of sardines were carried out by incubating fish in a humidity chamber adjusted to 28-30 o C. RH 70-80% for up to 14 h. The changes of sensory attributes based on demerit point score. pH, and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) were monitored to determine the degree of spoilage. Although the appearance of sardines was still bright after 6-h incubation time, fish were not as fresh as those without incubation and the belly and tissue were softened. After incubation time of 10 h, fish showed slight to moderate signs of spoilage with demerit point score of 25 out of the maximum score of 39, and a TVB-N content of 20 mg%N. This is similar to the fish quality commonly used in the commercial production of dried-salted fish in Indonesia. Fish incubated for 12 h or more appeared completely spoiled and were rejected by sensory panel. A high correlation between demerit point score and TVB-N was noted, therefore the demerit point system which was more suitable, quicker, and easier could be used to determine the degree of fish spoilage.
{"title":"QUALITY CHANGES OF SARDINES (Sardinella neopilchardus) AT INDONESIAN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE","authors":"F. Ariyani","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P21-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P21-28","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical countries such as Indonesia, high ambient temperature and a lack of icing cause very rapid spoilage of fish. Leaving fish uniced while waiting for processing is a common practice resulting in lower quality of the end products, and consequently lower price of the products. To study the spoilage pattern of sardines ( Sardinella neophilchardus ) in a tropical region, and to investigate a simple and quick method to judge the degree of spoilage, observations on the deterioration of sardines were carried out by incubating fish in a humidity chamber adjusted to 28-30 o C. RH 70-80% for up to 14 h. The changes of sensory attributes based on demerit point score. pH, and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) were monitored to determine the degree of spoilage. Although the appearance of sardines was still bright after 6-h incubation time, fish were not as fresh as those without incubation and the belly and tissue were softened. After incubation time of 10 h, fish showed slight to moderate signs of spoilage with demerit point score of 25 out of the maximum score of 39, and a TVB-N content of 20 mg%N. This is similar to the fish quality commonly used in the commercial production of dried-salted fish in Indonesia. Fish incubated for 12 h or more appeared completely spoiled and were rejected by sensory panel. A high correlation between demerit point score and TVB-N was noted, therefore the demerit point system which was more suitable, quicker, and easier could be used to determine the degree of fish spoilage.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P10-15
S. Supriadi, N. Ibrahim, N. Karyani
Arrowroot ( Maranta arundinacea L ) is a multi-functional plant used as a source of medicinal, carbohydrate (especially the green leaf type) and also as ornamental plant (the streaked white leaf type). A leaf blight disease is recently found on the streaked white type in Bogor. Preliminary observation indicated that the disease was associated with bacterial infection. The cause of the disease has not been studied. This study was aimed to identify the cause of bacterial leaf blight disease. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops in Bogor. Suspected bacteria were isolated from diseased leaves. The results showed that the bacterium produced white to brownish colonies on rich agar media containing peptone or cassamino acid. 3-5 mm in diameter, circular, and did not yield fluorescent pigment on King’s B medium. The bacterium formed rod cells, Gram negative, accumulated poly β hydroxybutyrate, utilized glucose under aerobic condition, not hydrolyse arginine and starch, positive catalase, insensitive to tetrazolium salt (0.1%), and grew at 35 o C. The bacterium neither producted xanthomonadin pigment nor reduced nitrate to nitrite. The pathogen was tolerant to penicillin and oxolinic acid, but sensitive to streptomycin and oxytetracycline at high concentration (1.000 ppm). These characteristics met to those of Pseudomonas cepacia . Pathogenicity test on detached leaves showed that the typical symptom of blight was similar to that of natural infection on arrowroot. This is the first report on occurrence of P cepacia on arrowroot plant.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION AND PATHOGENICITY OF ISOLATE OF BACTERIUM CAUSED LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE ON Maranta arundinacea","authors":"S. Supriadi, N. Ibrahim, N. Karyani","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P10-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P10-15","url":null,"abstract":"Arrowroot ( Maranta arundinacea L ) is a multi-functional plant used as a source of medicinal, carbohydrate (especially the green leaf type) and also as ornamental plant (the streaked white leaf type). A leaf blight disease is recently found on the streaked white type in Bogor. Preliminary observation indicated that the disease was associated with bacterial infection. The cause of the disease has not been studied. This study was aimed to identify the cause of bacterial leaf blight disease. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops in Bogor. Suspected bacteria were isolated from diseased leaves. The results showed that the bacterium produced white to brownish colonies on rich agar media containing peptone or cassamino acid. 3-5 mm in diameter, circular, and did not yield fluorescent pigment on King’s B medium. The bacterium formed rod cells, Gram negative, accumulated poly β hydroxybutyrate, utilized glucose under aerobic condition, not hydrolyse arginine and starch, positive catalase, insensitive to tetrazolium salt (0.1%), and grew at 35 o C. The bacterium neither producted xanthomonadin pigment nor reduced nitrate to nitrite. The pathogen was tolerant to penicillin and oxolinic acid, but sensitive to streptomycin and oxytetracycline at high concentration (1.000 ppm). These characteristics met to those of Pseudomonas cepacia . Pathogenicity test on detached leaves showed that the typical symptom of blight was similar to that of natural infection on arrowroot. This is the first report on occurrence of P cepacia on arrowroot plant.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48950496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P51-62
D. Nursyamsi, M. Osaki, T. Tadano
Aluminum toxicity is the most limiting factor to plant growth on acid soils. Structural and functional damages in the root system by Al decrease nutrient uptake and lead to reduce plant growth and mineral deficiency in shoot. Greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of Al on plant growth, and P and Ca uptake of rice, maize, and soybean. The plants were grown in hydroponic solution added with 0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al, at pH 4.0. The results showed that relative growth of shoots and roots of upland rice, lowland rice, maize, and soybean decreased with an increase of Al level. However, sometimes the low Al level (5 ppm) stimulated shoot and root growth of some varieties in these species. According to total AlRG30 values, which is Al concentration in solution when relative growth decreased to 50%, Al tolerance of species was in order of barley < maize < soybean < lowland rice < upland rice. For maize, Al tolerance was in the order of Arjuna < Kalingga < P 3540 < SA 5 < SA 4 < PM 95 A < SA 3 < Antasena; for soybean was Wilis < INPS < Galunggung < Kerinci < Kitamusume; for lowland rice was RD 23 < Kapuas < Cisadane < KDML 105 < IR 66 < RD 13, and for upland rice was Dodokan < JAC165 < Cirata < Orizyca sabana 6 < Danau Tempe < Laut Tawar. Based on the rank of Al tolerance, rice was the useful crop to be planted in acid soils. Antasena (maize), Kitamusume ( soybean ), RD 13 (lowland rice), and Laut Tawar (upland rice) were also recommended for acid soils. P and Ca concentration in shoots and roots commonly decreased with an increase of Al level. However, the low Al level stimulated absorption of P and Ca concentrations in shoots and roots.
{"title":"Effect of Aluminum on Plant Growth, Phosporus and Calcium Uptake of Tropical Rice (Oryza Sativa), Maize (Zea Mays), and Soybean (Glycine Max)","authors":"D. Nursyamsi, M. Osaki, T. Tadano","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P51-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P51-62","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum toxicity is the most limiting factor to plant growth on acid soils. Structural and functional damages in the root system by Al decrease nutrient uptake and lead to reduce plant growth and mineral deficiency in shoot. Greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of Al on plant growth, and P and Ca uptake of rice, maize, and soybean. The plants were grown in hydroponic solution added with 0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al, at pH 4.0. The results showed that relative growth of shoots and roots of upland rice, lowland rice, maize, and soybean decreased with an increase of Al level. However, sometimes the low Al level (5 ppm) stimulated shoot and root growth of some varieties in these species. According to total AlRG30 values, which is Al concentration in solution when relative growth decreased to 50%, Al tolerance of species was in order of barley < maize < soybean < lowland rice < upland rice. For maize, Al tolerance was in the order of Arjuna < Kalingga < P 3540 < SA 5 < SA 4 < PM 95 A < SA 3 < Antasena; for soybean was Wilis < INPS < Galunggung < Kerinci < Kitamusume; for lowland rice was RD 23 < Kapuas < Cisadane < KDML 105 < IR 66 < RD 13, and for upland rice was Dodokan < JAC165 < Cirata < Orizyca sabana 6 < Danau Tempe < Laut Tawar. Based on the rank of Al tolerance, rice was the useful crop to be planted in acid soils. Antasena (maize), Kitamusume ( soybean ), RD 13 (lowland rice), and Laut Tawar (upland rice) were also recommended for acid soils. P and Ca concentration in shoots and roots commonly decreased with an increase of Al level. However, the low Al level stimulated absorption of P and Ca concentrations in shoots and roots.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41428465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P39-50
Fawzia Sulaiman
The suitability and effectiveness of material, method, and media used in nonformal education provided by government and nongovernment institutions (including agricultural extension) has been questioned in recent years, this is especially true for nonformal education catering for poor women farmers. Even though the significant roles and contribution of woman farmers in farming and family economic survival in Indonesia have been widely known, their nonformal educations need are rarely acknowledged. Several socio-cultural norms and values hinder women farmers’ participation in extension activities. The perception that agricultural extension activities fall under public domain has resulted that these activities are under male control (usually head for household). Without special intervention and accurate need assessment for nonformal education, the gap between women farmers and their male counterparts will be wider. This study was designed to identify nonformal educational needs of poor women farmers in Sakra Subdistrict, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The primary data and information were solicited through the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method using focus group interviews and gender analysis techniques. The result indicated that women farmers in the study area could not afford to participate in learning activities, unless the learning program offer a direct benefit to generate income. However, in general they put a high expectation in their children’s education and learning opportunity that would lead them to earn a better income. Due to their very limited educational background, demonstration and learning by doing method where perceived to be the most effective extension methods. Furthermore, radio and television were not effective educational channels, since there were only a very small number of respondents who owned radio and TV sets. In the efforts to empower women farmers, field extension workers require training on socio-economics, including gender analysis, and need assessment methodology to better perform their tasks in the field.
{"title":"EMPOWERING WOMEN FARMERS THROUGHT MULTICHANNEL LEARNING: AN APPLICATION OF NEED ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE","authors":"Fawzia Sulaiman","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P39-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N2.2000.P39-50","url":null,"abstract":"The suitability and effectiveness of material, method, and media used in nonformal education provided by government and nongovernment institutions (including agricultural extension) has been questioned in recent years, this is especially true for nonformal education catering for poor women farmers. Even though the significant roles and contribution of woman farmers in farming and family economic survival in Indonesia have been widely known, their nonformal educations need are rarely acknowledged. Several socio-cultural norms and values hinder women farmers’ participation in extension activities. The perception that agricultural extension activities fall under public domain has resulted that these activities are under male control (usually head for household). Without special intervention and accurate need assessment for nonformal education, the gap between women farmers and their male counterparts will be wider. This study was designed to identify nonformal educational needs of poor women farmers in Sakra Subdistrict, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The primary data and information were solicited through the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method using focus group interviews and gender analysis techniques. The result indicated that women farmers in the study area could not afford to participate in learning activities, unless the learning program offer a direct benefit to generate income. However, in general they put a high expectation in their children’s education and learning opportunity that would lead them to earn a better income. Due to their very limited educational background, demonstration and learning by doing method where perceived to be the most effective extension methods. Furthermore, radio and television were not effective educational channels, since there were only a very small number of respondents who owned radio and TV sets. In the efforts to empower women farmers, field extension workers require training on socio-economics, including gender analysis, and need assessment methodology to better perform their tasks in the field.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47939402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P16-20
N. Purwantari
This study was designed to provide strain for studying the ecology of Rhizobium when it was used to inoculate seed sown in the soil or in the field. Naturally occurring antibiotic resistant mutant strains of Rhizobium PMA295 nodulating Sesbania sesban were selected by antibiotic selection method. The isolates should be as effective in nitrogen fixation as the parental wild-type strain. Authentication of mutant isolates showed that these rifampicin mutant isolates could nodulate test plant and most nodules formed by the rifampicin 50 ppm and streptomycin 500 ppm mutant isolates were red in colour. These twenty isolates can be regarded as rhizobia. The most effective mutant, isolates PMA295 selected on rifampicin 50 ppm was also resistant to rifampicin 60, 70, 80, and 90 ppm. The effectiveness of most mutant strains was not significantly different from their parent strains. The rifampicin 50 ppm mutant strain of Rhizobium PMA295 could be used as inoculant for ecological study.
{"title":"PRELIMINARY ECOLOGOCAL STUDY OF Rhizobium : SELECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT MUTANTS OF Rhizobium PMA295 NODULATING Sesbania sesban","authors":"N. Purwantari","doi":"10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P16-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/IJAS.V1N1.2000.P16-20","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to provide strain for studying the ecology of Rhizobium when it was used to inoculate seed sown in the soil or in the field. Naturally occurring antibiotic resistant mutant strains of Rhizobium PMA295 nodulating Sesbania sesban were selected by antibiotic selection method. The isolates should be as effective in nitrogen fixation as the parental wild-type strain. Authentication of mutant isolates showed that these rifampicin mutant isolates could nodulate test plant and most nodules formed by the rifampicin 50 ppm and streptomycin 500 ppm mutant isolates were red in colour. These twenty isolates can be regarded as rhizobia. The most effective mutant, isolates PMA295 selected on rifampicin 50 ppm was also resistant to rifampicin 60, 70, 80, and 90 ppm. The effectiveness of most mutant strains was not significantly different from their parent strains. The rifampicin 50 ppm mutant strain of Rhizobium PMA295 could be used as inoculant for ecological study.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v18n2.2017.p43-50
Y. Widyastuti, M. Yunus, B. S. Purwoko, Satoto Satoto
Development of hybrid rice depends on the effectivity of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and restorer (R) lines. The molecular genetic approach is expected to help the breeder in identification of suitable parental lines to hybrid rice improvement. The study aimed to assess genetic relationship among three types of CMS systems (wild abbortive/WA Kalinga and Gambiaca) as female parents and to identify diversity of genes controlling fertility restoration in rice. The study used nine F 1 hybrids and F 2 populations obtained from the hybridization of three different CMS lines (IR58025A-WA, IR80156A-Kalinga and IR80154A-Gambiaca) with three restorer lines (PK90, PK12 and BP11). Fifteen SSR markers were used to select genomic regions of chromosome 1 and 10 on which Rf3 and Rf4 genes located in the hybrids. The results showed that fertility restoration in CMS-WA and CMS-Gambiaca was governed by two independent and dominant genes ( Rf3 and Rf4 ), while in CMS-Kalinga the fertility restoration was controlled by one single dominant gene. Biological processes occurred in the fertility restoration of the hybrids were the same based on the pollen and spikelet fertilities of F 1 hybrids derived from three CMS and R lines, i.e. 76.1–78.3% and 69.1–76.6%, respectively. A restorer line PK12 had a higher capability in fertility restoration than PK90 and BP11. The SSR primers RM490 and RM258 were capable of identifying the Rf3 and Rf4 genes controlled fertility restoration in CMS-WA. The study supports the use of male sterile WA in rice hybridization.
{"title":"DIVERSITY AND CAPABILITY ANALYSES OF FERTILITY RESTORER GENES OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILE RICE LINES USING SSR","authors":"Y. Widyastuti, M. Yunus, B. S. Purwoko, Satoto Satoto","doi":"10.21082/ijas.v18n2.2017.p43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v18n2.2017.p43-50","url":null,"abstract":"Development of hybrid rice depends on the effectivity of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and restorer (R) lines. The molecular genetic approach is expected to help the breeder in identification of suitable parental lines to hybrid rice improvement. The study aimed to assess genetic relationship among three types of CMS systems (wild abbortive/WA Kalinga and Gambiaca) as female parents and to identify diversity of genes controlling fertility restoration in rice. The study used nine F 1 hybrids and F 2 populations obtained from the hybridization of three different CMS lines (IR58025A-WA, IR80156A-Kalinga and IR80154A-Gambiaca) with three restorer lines (PK90, PK12 and BP11). Fifteen SSR markers were used to select genomic regions of chromosome 1 and 10 on which Rf3 and Rf4 genes located in the hybrids. The results showed that fertility restoration in CMS-WA and CMS-Gambiaca was governed by two independent and dominant genes ( Rf3 and Rf4 ), while in CMS-Kalinga the fertility restoration was controlled by one single dominant gene. Biological processes occurred in the fertility restoration of the hybrids were the same based on the pollen and spikelet fertilities of F 1 hybrids derived from three CMS and R lines, i.e. 76.1–78.3% and 69.1–76.6%, respectively. A restorer line PK12 had a higher capability in fertility restoration than PK90 and BP11. The SSR primers RM490 and RM258 were capable of identifying the Rf3 and Rf4 genes controlled fertility restoration in CMS-WA. The study supports the use of male sterile WA in rice hybridization.","PeriodicalId":13456,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48960957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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