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2006 6th International Workshop on System on Chip for Real Time Applications最新文献

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Intelligent Fill Pattern and Extraction Methodology for SoC SoC的智能填充模式及提取方法
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348227
A. Balasinski, J. Cetin
Uniform pattern density of physical layers of the die, such as diffusion, poly, or metals, has significant impact on electrical parameters of the product. At active level, variations in pattern density across the die translate into wide distributions of punch-through or breakdown voltages. At poly and metal levels, a non-uniform pattern density would result in poor planarity and give rise to high via resistances and poor control of the inter-layer capacitive coupling. However, at design stage, the complex functions of SoC functional blocks do not give designers enough freedom to strictly observe a predefined set of pattern density rules. Instead, the die pattern has to be made more uniform at die integration level, by global addition of fill features (waffles). While conceptually simple, this presents significant technical challenge, as the criteria for this addition are often difficult to meet. The simple but time consuming way of making pattern density uniform is based on manual drawing of dummy features over the electrical database (intellectual property, IP) of the die. A simplistic, automated approach is to add fill pattern of fixed density until it becomes close to target pattern density of the die. However, it may not be possible to equalize out all the regions even with changes in the die architecture. In addition, this approach tends to add dummy features even if unnecessary, driving towards very high pattern density. This solution is disadvantageous for RF/analog products the performance of which can be compromised by the capacitive coupling through the waffles. The methodology proposed that the initial die pattern density is first evaluated followed by the adjustable, intelligent fill of dynamic density at the block level. This way, it is possible to keep the original pattern density and work only on the areas of small density. The authors propose that the standard cell methodology should enable pre-die level modifications of pattern density and its extraction, to ensure that all the required blocks could be placed on the product and that their parasitics are properly extracted
模具物理层(如扩散层、聚层或金属层)的均匀图案密度对产品的电气参数有重要影响。在主动水平上,在整个模具图案密度的变化转化为广泛分布的穿孔或击穿电压。在多金属和金属水平上,不均匀的图案密度将导致较差的平面性,并导致高过通阻和层间电容耦合控制不良。然而,在设计阶段,SoC功能块的复杂功能并没有给设计师足够的自由来严格遵守预定义的模式密度规则集。相反,模具图案必须在模具集成水平上更加统一,通过全球添加填充特征(华夫饼)。虽然概念上很简单,但这提出了重大的技术挑战,因为这种添加的标准通常难以满足。使图案密度均匀的简单但耗时的方法是基于模具电气数据库(知识产权,IP)手动绘制假人特征。一种简单的自动化方法是添加固定密度的填充图案,直到它接近模具的目标图案密度。然而,它可能不可能均衡出所有的区域,即使在模具结构的变化。此外,这种方法倾向于添加虚拟特征,即使没有必要,也会导致非常高的模式密度。这种解决方案对于射频/模拟产品是不利的,这些产品的性能可能会受到通过华夫饼的电容耦合的影响。该方法提出,首先评估初始模具图案密度,然后在块水平上进行动态密度的可调智能填充。这样,就有可能保持原来的图案密度,只在密度小的区域上工作。作者建议,标准细胞方法应该能够在模前水平修改图案密度及其提取,以确保所有所需的块都可以放置在产品上,并且它们的寄生物被正确提取
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引用次数: 4
A generic method for fault injection in circuits 电路故障注入的通用方法
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348238
O. Faurax, L. Freund, A. Tria, T. Muntean, F. Bancel
Microcircuits dedicated to security in smartcards are targeted by more and more sophisticated attacks like fault attacks that combine physical disturbance and cryptanalysis. The use of simulation for circuit validation considering these attacks is limited by the time needed to compute the result of the chosen fault injections. Usually, this choice is made by the user according to his knowledge of the circuit functionality. The aim of this paper is to propose a generic and semi-automatic method to reduce the number of fault injections using types of data stored in registers (latch by latch)
智能卡专用的安全微电路受到越来越复杂的攻击,如结合物理干扰和密码分析的故障攻击。考虑到这些攻击,使用仿真进行电路验证受到计算所选故障注入结果所需时间的限制。通常,这种选择是由用户根据他对电路功能的了解做出的。本文的目的是提出一种通用的半自动方法,利用存储在寄存器中的数据类型(一个锁存一个锁存)来减少故障注入的数量。
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引用次数: 4
A Hardware/Software Co-Design Approach for VLSI Circuit Partitioning VLSI电路划分的软硬件协同设计方法
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348269
S. Areibi, Fujian Li
The Fiduccia-Mattheyses (F-M) algorithm (1982) has proved to be an efficient algorithm for VLSI circuit partitioning, and it is widely used for several physical design automation applications. As digital circuits are becoming larger and more complex, methods such as the F-M algorithm are becoming slower and less efficient. To accelerate the F-M algorithm, an embedded computing system based on an FPGA chip is proposed. A speedup hardware module handles the computationally intensive functions while an embedded processor (a MicroBlaze soft-core) handles intense memory access operations that cannot be implemented efficiently with dedicated hardware. The co-design system can produce as good results as a pure software implementation, and can achieve better results than a pure-hardware based system by an average of 25%. The co-design based approach achieves results that are 2times faster than the pure-software based design
fiduccia - mattheses (F-M)算法(1982)已被证明是VLSI电路划分的有效算法,并广泛用于几种物理设计自动化应用。随着数字电路变得越来越大,越来越复杂,像F-M算法这样的方法变得越来越慢,效率越来越低。为了加速F-M算法,提出了一种基于FPGA芯片的嵌入式计算系统。加速硬件模块处理计算密集型功能,而嵌入式处理器(MicroBlaze软核)处理专用硬件无法有效实现的高强度内存访问操作。协同设计系统可以产生与纯软件实现一样好的结果,并且可以比基于纯硬件的系统平均高出25%。基于协同设计的方法获得的结果比纯软件设计快2倍
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引用次数: 1
Serial ATA Host Controller: A Hardware Implementation 串行ATA主机控制器:一种硬件实现
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348262
A.R. Fouli, M. El-Kharashi, H. El-Henawy
This paper presents a pilot project in the serial advanced technology attachment interface controllers. It implements the SATA host controller based on the SATA2.5 standard. It shows how to enhance the hardware performance in both the implementation and the verification phases. Complete register transfer logic implementation of the host controller architecture is written in Verilog. PSL assertions are applied to fully test and verify the design. The design is being realized on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA
本文介绍了一种串行先进技术连接接口控制器的试验方案。它基于SATA2.5标准实现了SATA主机控制器。它展示了如何在实现和验证阶段提高硬件性能。完整的寄存器传输逻辑实现的主控制器架构是用Verilog写的。应用PSL断言对设计进行全面测试和验证。该设计在Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA上实现
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引用次数: 3
Practical Issues in Implementing Analog-to-Information Converters 实现模拟-信息转换器的实际问题
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348224
S. Kirolos, T. Ragheb, J. Laska, M. Duarte, Y. Massoud, Richard Baraniuk
The stability and programmability of digital signal processing systems has motivated engineers to move the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) process closer and closer to the front end of many signal processing systems in order to perform as much processing as possible in the digital domain. Unfortunately, many important applications, including radar and communication systems, involve wideband signals that seriously stress modern ADCs; sampling these signals above the Nyquist rate is in some cases challenging and in others impossible. While wideband signals by definition have a large bandwidth, often the amount of information they carry per second is much lower; that is, they are compressible in some sense. The first contribution of this paper is a new framework for wideband signal acquisition purpose-built for compressible signals that enables sub-Nyquist data acquisition via an analog-to-information converter (AIC). The framework is based on the recently developed theory of compressive sensing in which a small number of non-adaptive, randomized measurements are sufficient to reconstruct compressible signals. The second contribution of this paper is an AIC implementation design and study of the tradeoffs and non-idealities introduced by real hardware. The goal is to identify and optimize the parameters that dominate the overall system performance
数字信号处理系统的稳定性和可编程性促使工程师将模数转换(ADC)过程越来越靠近许多信号处理系统的前端,以便在数字领域执行尽可能多的处理。不幸的是,包括雷达和通信系统在内的许多重要应用都涉及宽带信号,这对现代adc造成了严重的压力;在某些情况下,在奈奎斯特速率以上采样这些信号是具有挑战性的,而在其他情况下则是不可能的。虽然从定义上讲,宽带信号具有很大的带宽,但它们每秒携带的信息量通常要低得多;也就是说,它们在某种意义上是可压缩的。本文的第一个贡献是为可压缩信号构建的宽带信号采集新框架,该框架可通过模拟-信息转换器(AIC)实现亚奈奎斯特数据采集。该框架基于最近发展的压缩感知理论,其中少量非自适应随机测量足以重建可压缩信号。本文的第二个贡献是对实际硬件引入的权衡和非理想性进行了AIC实现设计和研究。目标是识别和优化控制整个系统性能的参数
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引用次数: 96
Energy Efficient Spatial Coding Technique for Low Power VLSI Applications 低功耗VLSI应用的节能空间编码技术
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348236
J. Ravindra, N. Chittarvu, M. Srinivas
In deep-submicron technology (DSM), minimizing the propagation delay and power dissipation on buses is the most important design objective in system-on-chip (SOC) design. In particular, the coupling effects between wires on the bus that can cause serious problems such as cross-talk delay, noise and power dissipation. Most of the researchers have concentrated either on minimizing the power dissipation or minimizing crosstalk delay. In this paper, the authors propose a technique for energy efficient data transmission for on-chip buses and evaluate the effectiveness of our technique by using SPEC 95 benchmarks suit. The authors show that our technique achieves 35% of energy savings over the un-encoded data transmission on the data bus
在深亚微米技术(DSM)中,最小化总线上的传输延迟和功耗是片上系统(SOC)设计中最重要的设计目标。特别是总线上导线之间的耦合效应,会引起串扰延迟、噪声和功耗等严重问题。大多数的研究都集中在最小化功耗或最小化串扰延迟上。在本文中,作者提出了一种高效节能的片上总线数据传输技术,并使用spec95基准测试套件评估了我们的技术的有效性。作者表明,我们的技术比在数据总线上的未编码数据传输节能35%
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引用次数: 11
An All Digital CMOS Serial Link Transceiver with 3x Over-sampling Based Data Recovery 一种全数字CMOS串行链路收发器,具有3倍过采样的数据恢复
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348256
Zhijun Wang, Liping Liang
An all digital CMOS serial link transceiver with 3x over-sampling based data recovery circuit is presented in this paper. The modified data recovery circuit is simpler than those using 3x over-sampling recovery circuit in (Chih-Kong Ken Yang et al., 1998) and (Chih-Kong Ken Yang and Horowitz). An all digital DLL (delay locked loop) is used to generate the multiphase clocks and a new CPRD (coarse phase-difference range decision) unit is introduced here to reduce the lock time. The whole design's feasibility is verified by the Verilog HDL modeling. And the DLL's performance is simulated by HSPICE in SMIC 0.18mum CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the system is workable. The data recovery's latency of the transceiver is reduced to 5 cycles and the whole system can hold about 1Gbps data bit rate in the worst case
本文介绍了一种全数字CMOS串行链路收发器,该收发器具有3倍过采样的数据恢复电路。改进后的数据恢复电路比(Chih-Kong Ken Yang et al., 1998)和(Chih-Kong Ken Yang and Horowitz)中使用3x过采样恢复电路的数据恢复电路更简单。采用全数字延迟锁相环(DLL)产生多相时钟,并引入粗相位差范围判断(CPRD)单元来减少锁相时间。通过Verilog HDL建模验证了整个设计的可行性。并利用HSPICE在中芯0.18 μ m CMOS技术下对DLL的性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,该系统是可行的。收发器的数据恢复延迟减少到5个周期,整个系统在最坏情况下可以保持1Gbps左右的数据比特率
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引用次数: 0
An Efficient SoC Dedicated to Ultrasonic Digital Imaging Systems 用于超声数字成像系统的高效SoC
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348229
A. Kassem, M. Hamad, M. Sawan
This paper concerns a new design method for a system on a chip (SOC) dedicated to ultrasonic digital imaging systems (UDIS). This design method allow for the creation of a new generation of miniaturized and portable ultrasonic machines, where the electronic components will be integrated on only one single chip. It also make possible to visualize in real time the ultrasound images. An ultrasound imaging is a common and popular technique to evaluate, in a noninvasive way and in real time, the internal anatomy structure and its function. It requires high resolution and real-time images processing. The proposed design core efficiently integrates all of the necessary ultrasonic B-mode processing modules. It includes digital beamforming, quadrature demodulation of RF signals, digital filtering and envelope detection of the received signals. This system handles 128 scan lines and 6400 samples per scan line with a 90deg angle of view span. The design uses a minimum size look-up memory to store the initial scan information. Rapid prototyping using an ARM/FPGA combination is used to validate the operation of the described system
本文研究了超声数字成像系统(UDIS)单片系统(SOC)的一种新的设计方法。这种设计方法允许创建新一代的小型化和便携式超声波机,其中电子元件将集成在一个芯片上。它也使实时超声图像可视化成为可能。超声成像是一种常用且流行的技术,以无创的方式实时评估内部解剖结构及其功能。它需要高分辨率和实时图像处理。所提出的设计核心有效地集成了所有必要的超声波b模处理模块。它包括数字波束形成、射频信号的正交解调、接收信号的数字滤波和包络检测。该系统可处理128条扫描线,每条扫描线6400个样本,视角跨度为90度。该设计使用最小尺寸的查找存储器来存储初始扫描信息。使用ARM/FPGA组合的快速原型设计用于验证所述系统的运行
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引用次数: 1
System on Chip (SOC) design pressures reach critical point 片上系统(SOC)设计压力达到临界点
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348249
Hazem ElTahawy
and bio are not available at the printing time. ix
和生物在打印时是不可用的。9
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引用次数: 0
A Classical Adaptive Filtering Blind Signal Separation 一种经典的自适应滤波盲信号分离
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWSOC.2006.348258
M. Elsabrouty, M. Bouchard, Tyseer Aboulnasr
A classical adaptive filtering view of the problem of instantaneous blind signal separation is presented. This classical form enables an easy understanding of the natural gradient algorithm. A new RLS-based algorithm is developed using this classical interpretation. The algorithm provides improved on-line separation speed under the same steady state error compared to the natural gradient algorithm without requiring pre-whitening
提出了一种经典的自适应滤波方法来解决瞬时盲信号分离问题。这种经典形式使自然梯度算法易于理解。利用这一经典解释,开发了一种新的基于rls的算法。与自然梯度算法相比,该算法在不需要预白化的情况下,在相同的稳态误差下提供了更快的在线分离速度
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2006 6th International Workshop on System on Chip for Real Time Applications
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