E.T. Odelade, O.J. Olaleye-Otunla, D.M. Alabi, I. I. Ogunlowo, A. Folorunso
Ethnobotanical study was conducted on 20 plants belonging to 18 genera of the Asteraceae family. The aims of this research were to explore the current ethnobotanical status of the identified plant species, document their indigenous utilization for diverse purposes within the specific research area and assess the extent of Asteraceae plant usage by the local population. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and open-ended interview techniques with different categories of informants in the Ife Central Local Government Area of IleIfe, Osun State, Nigeria. Demographic data of respondents were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method, providing understandings into their characteristics. The ethnobotanical survey results were subjected to quantitative analysis employing several parameters. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was utilized to determine the prominence of plant species in terms of citations. The Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were employed to assess plant importance, therapeutic efficacy, and consensus among informants, respectively. Ethnobotanical study of the selected Asteraceae plants revealed the traditional uses of these plants for diverse purposes for both humans and livestock. The average ICF value was 0.92, indicating a relatively high consensus among the respondents. Ageratum conyzoides, Tithonia diversifolia, Aspilia africana, Launaea taraxacifolia and Tridax procumbens were the most cited of all the species, hence their high RFC values. Fidelity Level (FL) had the highest value in Aspilia africana, Tithonia diversifolia and Ageratum conyzoides while Acmella radicans had the lowest FL value. According to this study, Ageratum conyzoides (0.10) and Launaea taraxacifolia (0.10) had the highest use value. The study concluded that the Asteraceae species have several edible, ornamental and medicinal uses, which have not been explored extensively in the study area.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical study of twenty species in the family Asteraceae in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"E.T. Odelade, O.J. Olaleye-Otunla, D.M. Alabi, I. I. Ogunlowo, A. Folorunso","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v26i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v26i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnobotanical study was conducted on 20 plants belonging to 18 genera of the Asteraceae family. The aims of this research were to explore the current ethnobotanical status of the identified plant species, document their indigenous utilization for diverse purposes within the specific research area and assess the extent of Asteraceae plant usage by the local population. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and open-ended interview techniques with different categories of informants in the Ife Central Local Government Area of IleIfe, Osun State, Nigeria. Demographic data of respondents were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method, providing understandings into their characteristics. The ethnobotanical survey results were subjected to quantitative analysis employing several parameters. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was utilized to determine the prominence of plant species in terms of citations. The Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were employed to assess plant importance, therapeutic efficacy, and consensus among informants, respectively. Ethnobotanical study of the selected Asteraceae plants revealed the traditional uses of these plants for diverse purposes for both humans and livestock. The average ICF value was 0.92, indicating a relatively high consensus among the respondents. Ageratum conyzoides, Tithonia diversifolia, Aspilia africana, Launaea taraxacifolia and Tridax procumbens were the most cited of all the species, hence their high RFC values. Fidelity Level (FL) had the highest value in Aspilia africana, Tithonia diversifolia and Ageratum conyzoides while Acmella radicans had the lowest FL value. According to this study, Ageratum conyzoides (0.10) and Launaea taraxacifolia (0.10) had the highest use value. The study concluded that the Asteraceae species have several edible, ornamental and medicinal uses, which have not been explored extensively in the study area. ","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"46 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O.E. Majebi, K.E. Ogunsola, S.A. Kazeem, A. O. Ogunfunmilayo
An import permit is issued by the National Plant Protection Organization of each country, known in Nigeria as the Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (NAQS), to allow the importation of pest-free plants and prevent the introduction of quarantine pests or check the entry of regulated non-quarantine pests of imported plant commodities. Issuance of import permits at the Post-Entry Quarantine, Surveillance and Diagnostic Station (PEQDS), Ibadan is mostly for germplasm materials mainly used for cultivation, which poses a high risk of pest introduction. Thus, this study investigated the statistical components of the issuance of import permits at the PEQDS using the Time Series approach to determine the peak period of collection essential for planning phytosanitary activities to mitigate the introduction of foreign pests. The dataset of the monthly issuance of import permits from January 2012 to July 2022 was analysed. From the preliminary study, we observed that the series exhibit seasonal and stationary components with no definite trend pattern, hence we modelled the series using a Seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (SARIMA) model. Several models were estimated and the best model (SAR(12)) for forecasting the future import permit collectionwas selected based on the forecast accuracy measures. The forecasted values indicated the highest issuance of import permits in May and September, each year and showed a fluctuating movement over time in the future. To further prevent pest incursion and facilitate trade, NAQS needs to operate round-the-clock surveillance, keep its staff on high alert and adequate facilities operational for more effective activities. Other factors responsible for low and fluctuating issuance of import permits should also be investigated.
{"title":"A time series analysis of monthly issuance of plant import permits in Nigeria","authors":"O.E. Majebi, K.E. Ogunsola, S.A. Kazeem, A. O. Ogunfunmilayo","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v26i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v26i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"An import permit is issued by the National Plant Protection Organization of each country, known in Nigeria as the Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (NAQS), to allow the importation of pest-free plants and prevent the introduction of quarantine pests or check the entry of regulated non-quarantine pests of imported plant commodities. Issuance of import permits at the Post-Entry Quarantine, Surveillance and Diagnostic Station (PEQDS), Ibadan is mostly for germplasm materials mainly used for cultivation, which poses a high risk of pest introduction. Thus, this study investigated the statistical components of the issuance of import permits at the PEQDS using the Time Series approach to determine the peak period of collection essential for planning phytosanitary activities to mitigate the introduction of foreign pests. The dataset of the monthly issuance of import permits from January 2012 to July 2022 was analysed. From the preliminary study, we observed that the series exhibit seasonal and stationary components with no definite trend pattern, hence we modelled the series using a Seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (SARIMA) model. Several models were estimated and the best model (SAR(12)) for forecasting the future import permit collectionwas selected based on the forecast accuracy measures. The forecasted values indicated the highest issuance of import permits in May and September, each year and showed a fluctuating movement over time in the future. To further prevent pest incursion and facilitate trade, NAQS needs to operate round-the-clock surveillance, keep its staff on high alert and adequate facilities operational for more effective activities. Other factors responsible for low and fluctuating issuance of import permits should also be investigated.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on evaluating the efficiency and complementarity of image enhancement techniques for lithological discrimination and mapping in the upper parts of Benue Trough using Landsat 8 data. To achieve this, image enhancement techniques such optimum index factor, band ratio, principal component analysis, and minimum noise fraction were applied on Landsat 8 OLI data covering parts of the Upper Benue Trough. False colour composites (FCC) were created from three most informative derivatives of these image enhancements. The FCCs were compared in terms of their capability to differentiate different lithological units in the study area by comparing the FCCs with existing geological map. The results show that the FCC created from band ratios provided the highest amount of information, while those created based on optimum index factor provided the least amount of information with respect to lithological discrimination. Additionally, it was observed that the FCCs created from the derivatives of band ratio, principal component analysis and minimum noise fraction provide complementarity. Thus, the three FCCs from these three enhancement methods were fused into a single image, which further aided lithological discrimination. By combining the outputs from three image enhancement techniques, most of the sedimentary and crystalline rocks in the study area were successfully delineated. The method adopted in this study particularly the fusion of outputs from band ratio, principal component analysis and minimum noise fraction represents a novel approach that is suitable for lithological mapping in remote areas, particularly arid and semi-arid terrains with considerable rock exposure.
{"title":"Lithological discrimination and mapping in part of the upper Benue Trough using Landsat 8","authors":"O.A. Abodunrin, B.J. Fagbohun, A.Y.B. Anifowose","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v26i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v26i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on evaluating the efficiency and complementarity of image enhancement techniques for lithological discrimination and mapping in the upper parts of Benue Trough using Landsat 8 data. To achieve this, image enhancement techniques such optimum index factor, band ratio, principal component analysis, and minimum noise fraction were applied on Landsat 8 OLI data covering parts of the Upper Benue Trough. False colour composites (FCC) were created from three most informative derivatives of these image enhancements. The FCCs were compared in terms of their capability to differentiate different lithological units in the study area by comparing the FCCs with existing geological map. The results show that the FCC created from band ratios provided the highest amount of information, while those created based on optimum index factor provided the least amount of information with respect to lithological discrimination. Additionally, it was observed that the FCCs created from the derivatives of band ratio, principal component analysis and minimum noise fraction provide complementarity. Thus, the three FCCs from these three enhancement methods were fused into a single image, which further aided lithological discrimination. By combining the outputs from three image enhancement techniques, most of the sedimentary and crystalline rocks in the study area were successfully delineated. The method adopted in this study particularly the fusion of outputs from band ratio, principal component analysis and minimum noise fraction represents a novel approach that is suitable for lithological mapping in remote areas, particularly arid and semi-arid terrains with considerable rock exposure. ","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"93 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Osuala, O.A. Abiodun, M. Igwo-Ezikpe, O.P. Oviahon, O. Humphrey
Cosmetics are one of the major pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem due to the quantum of production to meet the astronomical demand of users that eventually becomes harmful to organisms. Changes in physic-chemical parameters such as potential of hydrogen (pH), Electrical conductivity (EC), Temperature (T oC) Dissolved oxygen (DO) were investigated at the beginning and after 96 hours of cosmetic exposure. This study also investigated the effects of four facial cosmetic products (Powder, foundation, concealer, and primer) histopathologically in fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (gills) exposed to binary, trinary, and quaternary mixtures in o laboratory bioassays for 48 hours and 96 hours. The results of pH, T C, EC and DO ranged from 6.21 - 6.64, o 25.40 - 26.70 oC, 0.04 - 0.14 mS/cm, and 10.00 -12.00 mg/l respectively. The joint action toxicity evaluation of the binary, trinary, and quaternary mixtures of the cosmetics prepared based on an equitoxic ratio against the test organism was in concordance with the model of synergism. Results showed the prevalence of severe lamellar necrosis in the gills of C. gariepinus which was observed across all combinations except in the combinations of Powder + Primer as well as Powder + Foundation + Concealer + Primer. Moderate lamellar necrosis and hypertrophied epithelium were observed in fish exposed to a mixture of Powder + Foundation + Concealer. The results obtained in this study suggested that the presence of facial cosmetics in the aquatic ecosystem could be dangerous to fish and subsequently human health via biomagnification. Therefore, there is an urgent need for environmental regulators to enforce safety standards for the emission of these selected cosmetics wastes into the waterways to prevent damage to aquatic organisms and public health issues.
{"title":"Histopathological investigation of some facial cosmetic products mixture exposed to fingerlings of mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"F. Osuala, O.A. Abiodun, M. Igwo-Ezikpe, O.P. Oviahon, O. Humphrey","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v26i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v26i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmetics are one of the major pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem due to the quantum of production to meet the astronomical demand of users that eventually becomes harmful to organisms. Changes in physic-chemical parameters such as potential of hydrogen (pH), Electrical conductivity (EC), Temperature (T oC) Dissolved oxygen (DO) were investigated at the beginning and after 96 hours of cosmetic exposure. This study also investigated the effects of four facial cosmetic products (Powder, foundation, concealer, and primer) histopathologically in fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (gills) exposed to binary, trinary, and quaternary mixtures in o laboratory bioassays for 48 hours and 96 hours. The results of pH, T C, EC and DO ranged from 6.21 - 6.64, o 25.40 - 26.70 oC, 0.04 - 0.14 mS/cm, and 10.00 -12.00 mg/l respectively. The joint action toxicity evaluation of the binary, trinary, and quaternary mixtures of the cosmetics prepared based on an equitoxic ratio against the test organism was in concordance with the model of synergism. Results showed the prevalence of severe lamellar necrosis in the gills of C. gariepinus which was observed across all combinations except in the combinations of Powder + Primer as well as Powder + Foundation + Concealer + Primer. Moderate lamellar necrosis and hypertrophied epithelium were observed in fish exposed to a mixture of Powder + Foundation + Concealer. The results obtained in this study suggested that the presence of facial cosmetics in the aquatic ecosystem could be dangerous to fish and subsequently human health via biomagnification. Therefore, there is an urgent need for environmental regulators to enforce safety standards for the emission of these selected cosmetics wastes into the waterways to prevent damage to aquatic organisms and public health issues. ","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Aigbadon, N.S. Igbinigie, A. I. Obasi, E. O. Akudo, S.D. Christopher, A. Ocheli, D.O. Igwe, A.J. Francis, G.E. Joseph, D.J. Akor
The Cretaceous limestone facies from Yandev section in the central Benue Trough, Nigeria constitutes parts of the potential reservoirs and sources rocks for petroleum prospects in the basin. The central Benue Trough is the least studied basin among its contemporaries due to lack of subsurface data. Detailed mineralogical, facies analysis and diagenesis of these carbonate rocks in the basin have not received significant study. The aim of this study was to employed multifaceted methodology such as sedimentological, facies analysis petrographic and geochemical approaches which was lacking in previous research in the trough. The sedimentological analysis was done to evaluate fabrics grain sizes, and lithology types. For petrographic analysis, thin sections were prepared and examined under a petrographic microscope and categorized according to Dunham's classification. Geochemical analysis involved X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) techniques to unveil mineralogical, oxide, and elemental compositions. The sedimentological results revealed light to dark grey medium to fine-grained limestone facies with intercalation of dark grey shales and siltstones. The XRD mineralogy data, revealed calcite (60.00 - 64.10%), quartz (14.30 - 51.00%), albite (12.30 - 19.00%), and chlorite (6.30 - 8.10%). Microfacies results revealed distinct sandy bioclastic wackstone and sparitic intraclastic packstone, as well as micritic intraclastic wackestone and sparitic bioclastic packstone. SEM images highlighted the intricate composition, including elongated structures, whites and dark spots suggesting varying conditions of deposition. Elemental analysis through EDX emphasized significant proportions of carbon, oxygen, sodium, potassium, calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium. Based on sedimentological, biofacies, lithofacies and geochemical evidence we infer that the carbonate sediments were mainly deposited in a shallow marine depositional environment (inner to outer neritic).
尼日利亚贝努埃海槽中部 Yandev 断面的白垩纪石灰岩层是该盆地潜在储油层和石油源岩的一部分。由于缺乏地下数据，贝努埃槽谷中部是同时代盆地中研究最少的一个。对盆地中这些碳酸盐岩的详细矿物学、岩相分析和成岩作用尚未进行大量研究。本研究的目的是采用多方面的方法，如沉积学、岩相分析、岩石学和地球化学方法，这在以前的海槽研究中是缺乏的。沉积学分析用于评估织物粒度和岩性类型。岩相分析方面，制备了薄片，在岩相显微镜下进行了检查，并根据邓纳姆分类法进行了分类。地球化学分析包括 X 射线荧光（XRF）、X 射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱（SEM-EDX）技术，以揭示矿物学、氧化物和元素组成。沉积学结果显示，浅灰色至深灰色的中细粒石灰岩层中夹杂着深灰色页岩和粉砂岩。XRD 矿物学数据显示了方解石（60.00 - 64.10%）、石英（14.30 - 51.00%）、白云石（12.30 - 19.00%）和绿泥石（6.30 - 8.10%）。微地层结果显示了明显的砂质生物碎屑瓦克岩和麻粒岩内碎屑包岩，以及微晶质碎屑瓦克岩和麻粒岩内生物碎屑包岩。扫描电镜图像突出显示了复杂的成分，包括细长结构、白色和暗色斑点，表明沉积条件各不相同。通过 EDX 进行的元素分析强调了碳、氧、钠、钾、钙、硅、铝、铁和镁的重要比例。根据沉积学、生物成因、岩石成因和地球化学证据，我们推断碳酸盐沉积物主要沉积于浅海沉积环境（内层至外层海相）。
{"title":"Microfacies and mineralogical analyses of the late cretaceous carbonate rocks from The Central Benue Trough, Nigeria","authors":"G. Aigbadon, N.S. Igbinigie, A. I. Obasi, E. O. Akudo, S.D. Christopher, A. Ocheli, D.O. Igwe, A.J. Francis, G.E. Joseph, D.J. Akor","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v26i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v26i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Cretaceous limestone facies from Yandev section in the central Benue Trough, Nigeria constitutes parts of the potential reservoirs and sources rocks for petroleum prospects in the basin. The central Benue Trough is the least studied basin among its contemporaries due to lack of subsurface data. Detailed mineralogical, facies analysis and diagenesis of these carbonate rocks in the basin have not received significant study. The aim of this study was to employed multifaceted methodology such as sedimentological, facies analysis petrographic and geochemical approaches which was lacking in previous research in the trough. The sedimentological analysis was done to evaluate fabrics grain sizes, and lithology types. For petrographic analysis, thin sections were prepared and examined under a petrographic microscope and categorized according to Dunham's classification. Geochemical analysis involved X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) techniques to unveil mineralogical, oxide, and elemental compositions. The sedimentological results revealed light to dark grey medium to fine-grained limestone facies with intercalation of dark grey shales and siltstones. The XRD mineralogy data, revealed calcite (60.00 - 64.10%), quartz (14.30 - 51.00%), albite (12.30 - 19.00%), and chlorite (6.30 - 8.10%). Microfacies results revealed distinct sandy bioclastic wackstone and sparitic intraclastic packstone, as well as micritic intraclastic wackestone and sparitic bioclastic packstone. SEM images highlighted the intricate composition, including elongated structures, whites and dark spots suggesting varying conditions of deposition. Elemental analysis through EDX emphasized significant proportions of carbon, oxygen, sodium, potassium, calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium. Based on sedimentological, biofacies, lithofacies and geochemical evidence we infer that the carbonate sediments were mainly deposited in a shallow marine depositional environment (inner to outer neritic).","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"34 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing necessity to use wastewater for irrigation due to water scarcity, farmers face the challenge of using wastewater containing non-profiled nutrients that may be detrimental to crop productivity. The study investigated the effects of water from abattoirs on tomato plant growth and development. Abattoir wastewater (AWW) was obtained from Surulere and Agege abattoirs in Lagos State. The experimental design implemented a randomized complete design (RCD) with three replications. Tomato plants were grown in experimental pots and treated with different amounts of AWW: Tap water (control), 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. Data on plant height, branch and leaf numbers, fruit yield, stem girth, and root length, were collected at two-week intervals for five months. Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using the Tukey HSD test at a threshold of 5% (P<0.05). The study revealed that AWW significantly increased tomato growth characteristics and fruit yield at 100% AWW concentration. Thus, AWW may be an alternative source of organic nutrients for vegetable crop irrigation and could assist farmers with the escalating issues of freshwater scarcity and drought challenges worldwide.
{"title":"Effects of abattoir wastewater on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato)","authors":"A.O. Faronbi, C.C. Ndiribe","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i3.14","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing necessity to use wastewater for irrigation due to water scarcity, farmers face the challenge of using wastewater containing non-profiled nutrients that may be detrimental to crop productivity. The study investigated the effects of water from abattoirs on tomato plant growth and development. Abattoir wastewater (AWW) was obtained from Surulere and Agege abattoirs in Lagos State. The experimental design implemented a randomized complete design (RCD) with three replications. Tomato plants were grown in experimental pots and treated with different amounts of AWW: Tap water (control), 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. Data on plant height, branch and leaf numbers, fruit yield, stem girth, and root length, were collected at two-week intervals for five months. Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using the Tukey HSD test at a threshold of 5% (P<0.05). The study revealed that AWW significantly increased tomato growth characteristics and fruit yield at 100% AWW concentration. Thus, AWW may be an alternative source of organic nutrients for vegetable crop irrigation and could assist farmers with the escalating issues of freshwater scarcity and drought challenges worldwide. ","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phenol is a toxic and recalcitrant contaminant widely used in various industries, including petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries. Bacterial degradation of phenol is a promising method for treating phenol-contaminated wastewater. The biodegradation of phenol by bacteria can effectively remove it from the environment, making it a valuable alternative to traditional chemical treatment methods. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the bacterial biodegradation of phenol, including those in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical sectors, the metabolic pathways involved in phenol degradation, and the factors that influence the efficiency of phenol biodegradation. This paper also discusses the challenges and limitations of using bacteria for the biodegradation of phenol, including the need for further research to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the process. The outcome of this review demonstrates that bacterial biodegradation is a promising and effective method for treating phenol-contaminated wastewater and provides a foundation for future research to improve the efficiency and continuous use of this process.
{"title":"Bacterial degradation of phenol: a review of the current state of knowledge","authors":"D. Adetitun, R. B. Tomilayo","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Phenol is a toxic and recalcitrant contaminant widely used in various industries, including petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries. Bacterial degradation of phenol is a promising method for treating phenol-contaminated wastewater. The biodegradation of phenol by bacteria can effectively remove it from the environment, making it a valuable alternative to traditional chemical treatment methods. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the bacterial biodegradation of phenol, including those in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical sectors, the metabolic pathways involved in phenol degradation, and the factors that influence the efficiency of phenol biodegradation. This paper also discusses the challenges and limitations of using bacteria for the biodegradation of phenol, including the need for further research to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the process. The outcome of this review demonstrates that bacterial biodegradation is a promising and effective method for treating phenol-contaminated wastewater and provides a foundation for future research to improve the efficiency and continuous use of this process.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W.O. Doherty, L.O. Olasunkanmi, O. A. Ogunkunle, D. A. Akinpelu, I. A. O. Ojo
Four carbamoyl phosphonates, namely diethyl p-tolylsulphonyl carbamoyl phosphonate (NA), dimethyl p-tolylsulphonyl carbamoyl phosphonate (NC), dimethyl p-tolyl carbamoyl phosphonate (ND) and dimethyl p-tolylsulphonylmethane carbamoyl phosphonate (NE) were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The products were screened in vitro for their growth-inhibitory activity against nine Gram-positive strains, three Gram-negative bacteria strains, and a fungus isolate. Some compounds exhibited broad-spectrum (in vitro) activity against the bacterial strains, and all showed activity against the only fungus used. It was observed that NC showed the highest overall activity against the microorganisms. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations conducted at ωB97XD/def2-TZVP level of theory corroborated the structural conformations of the molecules deduced from spectroscopic analyses. Predicted reactivity indices of the compounds also correlate fairly with the observed biological activities.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activities and computational studies of some carbamoyl phosphonates","authors":"W.O. Doherty, L.O. Olasunkanmi, O. A. Ogunkunle, D. A. Akinpelu, I. A. O. Ojo","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Four carbamoyl phosphonates, namely diethyl p-tolylsulphonyl carbamoyl phosphonate (NA), dimethyl p-tolylsulphonyl carbamoyl phosphonate (NC), dimethyl p-tolyl carbamoyl phosphonate (ND) and dimethyl p-tolylsulphonylmethane carbamoyl phosphonate (NE) were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The products were screened in vitro for their growth-inhibitory activity against nine Gram-positive strains, three Gram-negative bacteria strains, and a fungus isolate. Some compounds exhibited broad-spectrum (in vitro) activity against the bacterial strains, and all showed activity against the only fungus used. It was observed that NC showed the highest overall activity against the microorganisms. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations conducted at ωB97XD/def2-TZVP level of theory corroborated the structural conformations of the molecules deduced from spectroscopic analyses. Predicted reactivity indices of the compounds also correlate fairly with the observed biological activities.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.O. Titus, O.O. Arogundade, I. I. Ogunlowo, O. Oladipo
Micro-morphological studies of three members of the Genus Plectranthus L. (Lamiaceae) in Nigeria were conducted to investigate the anatomical characteristics of taxonomic importance. The following plant samples were collected from various locations in Southwestern Nigeria, namely Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) C. Chr., Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. and Plectranthus monostachyus (P. Beauv.) B. J. Pollard. The anatomical study of the lamina epidermis, venation pattern and petiole were performed. The Single Linkage Cluster Analysis (SLCA) and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to analyze the parameters, and photomicrographs were employed to document the observations. Foliar epidermal characteristics such as epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall pattern, stomata types, trichome types and ergastic substances are essential in delimiting the species. The identification of numerous starch grains delimits P. monostachyus from the other species, a straight anticlinal wall pattern delimits P. esculentus, and the presence of abundant crystal sands delimits P. aegyptiacus. Quantitatively, stomata index (S.I.) and trichome length for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were significantly different (P≤0.05) among the species. The venation pattern of the studied plant samples also revealed specific characteristics. Irregular vein spacing, eucamptodromous secondary vein category and polygonal areole shape delimit P. esculentus from the other species.
研究人员对尼日利亚的三种红掌属植物（Lamiaceae）进行了显微形态学研究，以调查其在分类学上的重要解剖特征。从尼日利亚西南部不同地点采集了以下植物样本，即 Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) C. Chr.、Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. 和 Plectranthus monostachyus (P. Beauv.) B. J. Pollard。进行了表皮层、脉序模式和叶柄的解剖学研究。采用单链簇分析法（SLCA）和单因素方差分析法（ANOVA）以及邓肯多重范围检验法（DMRT）对参数进行分析，并采用显微照片记录观察结果。叶片表皮的特征，如表皮细胞形状、反侧壁形态、气孔类型、毛状体类型和麦角物质，对划分物种至关重要。大量淀粉粒的出现将单叶皂荚树与其他物种区分开来，直的反壁形态将埃斯库尔特皂荚树区分开来，而大量晶沙的出现则将埃及皂荚树区分开来。从数量上看，各物种正面和背面的气孔指数（S.I.）和毛状体长度均有显著差异（P≤0.05）。所研究植物样本的脉纹模式也显示出特定的特征。不规则的叶脉间距、优美的次脉类别和多角形的小窠形状将埃斯库尔特草与其他物种区分开来。
{"title":"Micro-morphological study of three members of genus Plectranthus L. (Lamiaceae) in Nigeria","authors":"A.O. Titus, O.O. Arogundade, I. I. Ogunlowo, O. Oladipo","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-morphological studies of three members of the Genus Plectranthus L. (Lamiaceae) in Nigeria were conducted to investigate the anatomical characteristics of taxonomic importance. The following plant samples were collected from various locations in Southwestern Nigeria, namely Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) C. Chr., Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. and Plectranthus monostachyus (P. Beauv.) B. J. Pollard. The anatomical study of the lamina epidermis, venation pattern and petiole were performed. The Single Linkage Cluster Analysis (SLCA) and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to analyze the parameters, and photomicrographs were employed to document the observations. Foliar epidermal characteristics such as epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall pattern, stomata types, trichome types and ergastic substances are essential in delimiting the species. The identification of numerous starch grains delimits P. monostachyus from the other species, a straight anticlinal wall pattern delimits P. esculentus, and the presence of abundant crystal sands delimits P. aegyptiacus. Quantitatively, stomata index (S.I.) and trichome length for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were significantly different (P≤0.05) among the species. The venation pattern of the studied plant samples also revealed specific characteristics. Irregular vein spacing, eucamptodromous secondary vein category and polygonal areole shape delimit P. esculentus from the other species.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"67 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates stream order and drainage pattern of flood in Ebonyi state, Southeastern Nigeria. The drainage network within Ebonyi State was identified using the Shuttle Rader Topographic Mission (SRTM), the stream order and flood drainage pattern with the aid of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and the Topographic analysis of Spatial Analyst on Hydrology. The data was acquired using Geometric Positioning and the LANDSAT downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Explorer 2019 and Thematic Mapper (TM) 2009. The result shows that the map of the eastern part of Ebonyi State houses the Cross River basin as a main consequent river draining to the Atlantic Ocean. The drainage gets darker down the slope as more volumes of water move into the traversing drainage channels in their corresponding orders. As flood magnitude increases, the velocity decreases because more water from different river orders or tributaries has been added to the adjusting river channels. It proves that consequent rivers like the Enyim River of Izzi, Iyiokwu River of Abakaliki, Alcor River of Ikwo, Iyere River of Afikpo South, and Esu Umuchimaewuze River of Ohaozara Local Government areas slope down through the adjourning tributaries when the basin is saturated. The map legend shows a thick blue outcome indicating that the flood originates from the Enyim River of Izzi, Iyiokwu River of Abakaliki, Alchor River of Ikwo, Iyere River of Afikpo South, and Esu Umuchimaewueze River of Ohaozara. Therefore, urgent adjustments and construction of drainage systems are needed to accommodate more water volumes.
{"title":"Assessment of stream order and drainage pattern of flood prone areas of Ebonyi state, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"J. O. Nwankwagu, E. O. Okoro, H. I. Agunanna","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates stream order and drainage pattern of flood in Ebonyi state, Southeastern Nigeria. The drainage network within Ebonyi State was identified using the Shuttle Rader Topographic Mission (SRTM), the stream order and flood drainage pattern with the aid of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and the Topographic analysis of Spatial Analyst on Hydrology. The data was acquired using Geometric Positioning and the LANDSAT downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Explorer 2019 and Thematic Mapper (TM) 2009. The result shows that the map of the eastern part of Ebonyi State houses the Cross River basin as a main consequent river draining to the Atlantic Ocean. The drainage gets darker down the slope as more volumes of water move into the traversing drainage channels in their corresponding orders. As flood magnitude increases, the velocity decreases because more water from different river orders or tributaries has been added to the adjusting river channels. It proves that consequent rivers like the Enyim River of Izzi, Iyiokwu River of Abakaliki, Alcor River of Ikwo, Iyere River of Afikpo South, and Esu Umuchimaewuze River of Ohaozara Local Government areas slope down through the adjourning tributaries when the basin is saturated. The map legend shows a thick blue outcome indicating that the flood originates from the Enyim River of Izzi, Iyiokwu River of Abakaliki, Alchor River of Ikwo, Iyere River of Afikpo South, and Esu Umuchimaewueze River of Ohaozara. Therefore, urgent adjustments and construction of drainage systems are needed to accommodate more water volumes. ","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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