Ditch cutting samples from the studied section of the RC-4 Hole, eastern Benin (Dahomey) Basin were studied for their ostracod content. 3671 ostracod fauna belonging to 22 species were recovered and analysed with a view to determining ostracod paleobiogeographic affinities and paleoecological conditions within this part of the basin during the Paleogene. Ostracod assemblages of the studied section bear close affinities to those of some North and West African basins. Species such as Bairdia ilaroensis, Leguminocythereis spp., Bairdia malzi, Paracosta kefensis, Xestoleberis tunisiensis, Buntonia jordanica, Aegyptiana duwiensis and Leguminocythereis lokossaensis identified from the RC-4 hole suggest shallow neritic conditions. Paracosta kefensis and Paracosta parakefensis occur in high abundance indicating marine upwelling conditions. Many of the species recovered in this study have also been identified from Iullemeden and southern Tethys basins (e.g. Sirte Basin) suggesting ostracod migration from Benin Basin (Gulf of Guinea) to southern Tethys basins through the Paleogene shallow Trans – Saharan Seaway. A distinct ostracod turnover at the top of the limestone unit (Ewekoro Formation) is related to the Paleoceneo Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) – a climatic phenomenon characterised by 5 – 8 C global temperature rise at the end of the Paleocene.
{"title":"Paleobiogeographic affinities and paleoecological significance of paleogene ostracods from Eastern Benin Basin, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"B. A. Adebambo, O. Oluwajana, A. Adebisi","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Ditch cutting samples from the studied section of the RC-4 Hole, eastern Benin (Dahomey) Basin were studied for their ostracod content. 3671 ostracod fauna belonging to 22 species were recovered and analysed with a view to determining ostracod paleobiogeographic affinities and paleoecological conditions within this part of the basin during the Paleogene. Ostracod assemblages of the studied section bear close affinities to those of some North and West African basins. Species such as Bairdia ilaroensis, Leguminocythereis spp., Bairdia malzi, Paracosta kefensis, Xestoleberis tunisiensis, Buntonia jordanica, Aegyptiana duwiensis and Leguminocythereis lokossaensis identified from the RC-4 hole suggest shallow neritic conditions. Paracosta kefensis and Paracosta parakefensis occur in high abundance indicating marine upwelling conditions. Many of the species recovered in this study have also been identified from Iullemeden and southern Tethys basins (e.g. Sirte Basin) suggesting ostracod migration from Benin Basin (Gulf of Guinea) to southern Tethys basins through the Paleogene shallow Trans – Saharan Seaway. A distinct ostracod turnover at the top of the limestone unit (Ewekoro Formation) is related to the Paleoceneo Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) – a climatic phenomenon characterised by 5 – 8 C global temperature rise at the end of the Paleocene.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84547733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diapause is a complex life history strategy aimed at tolerating or circumventing stress in insects. It is accompanied by alterations in the food reserve levels to cope with the energy demand of this life stage. In the pallid emperor moth (Cirina forda), little is known about the patterns of accumulation and utilization of food reserves before and during diapause, respectively. The accumulation and utilization of food reserves in the haemolymph and the whole body of diapause-destined larvae and diapausing pupae of Cirina forda were progressively compared using photometry and HPLC. The quantity of glucose, total carbohydrate, fats, protein, and amino acids measured were taken as indices of food reserve accumulation and utilization by the immature stages of the insect in this study. Data collated were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using Fisher's Least Significance Difference (LSD). The results showed progressive accumulation of glucose from 46.20 to 105.06 mg/100 g, total carbohydrates from 175.39 to 212.54 mg/100 g, lipids from 440.49 to 641.57 mg/100 g, and protein from 306.04 to 378.83 mg/100 g in the haemolymph of diapause-destined larvae. The reserves decreased progressively (72.1%, 60.3%, 5.7%, and 6.9%) in diapausing pupae. Total amino acids increased by 2.8%, while 61.1% of amino acids in the whole pupae increased significantly (P<0.05). The study concluded that C. forda accumulates food reserves in preparation for diapause, and reserves decline as they are probably utilized during diapause development.
{"title":"Accumulation and utilization of food reserves in diapause-destined pallid emperor moth, Cirina forda (westwood)","authors":"O. Oriolowo, A. Ande, M. O. Azeez","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Diapause is a complex life history strategy aimed at tolerating or circumventing stress in insects. It is accompanied by alterations in the food reserve levels to cope with the energy demand of this life stage. In the pallid emperor moth (Cirina forda), little is known about the patterns of accumulation and utilization of food reserves before and during diapause, respectively. The accumulation and utilization of food reserves in the haemolymph and the whole body of diapause-destined larvae and diapausing pupae of Cirina forda were progressively compared using photometry and HPLC. The quantity of glucose, total carbohydrate, fats, protein, and amino acids measured were taken as indices of food reserve accumulation and utilization by the immature stages of the insect in this study. Data collated were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using Fisher's Least Significance Difference (LSD). The results showed progressive accumulation of glucose from 46.20 to 105.06 mg/100 g, total carbohydrates from 175.39 to 212.54 mg/100 g, lipids from 440.49 to 641.57 mg/100 g, and protein from 306.04 to 378.83 mg/100 g in the haemolymph of diapause-destined larvae. The reserves decreased progressively (72.1%, 60.3%, 5.7%, and 6.9%) in diapausing pupae. Total amino acids increased by 2.8%, while 61.1% of amino acids in the whole pupae increased significantly (P<0.05). The study concluded that C. forda accumulates food reserves in preparation for diapause, and reserves decline as they are probably utilized during diapause development.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83162859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Akinbile, R. C. Eze, B. S. Ewulo, A. T. Abolude
Biochar application in the soil is a major strategy for modifying or improving its physicochemical properties, while soil fertility can be boosted by fertilizer application. The process of soil amendment was explored to investigate the impact of combined biochar and fertilizer treatments on soil properties and yield of New Rice for Africa (NERICA 2) upland rice variety. A Randomized Complete Block Design experiment was conducted using three different fertilizer types, three different biochar concentrations, and two sets of control each, with zero biochar and zero fertilizer. The biochar levels were 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, and 15 t/ha, while the fertilizer types were zero fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), solid fertilizer (NPK), and farmyard poultry manure (PM). A drip irrigation system with the completed layout captured the entire set-up, while soil properties were measured before soil treatment, post-season 1, and post-season 2. A significant increase in particle density from 3 3 3 3 2.51 g/cm3 to 2.56 g/cm3 was recorded while bulk density decreased from 1.42 g/cm3 to 1.41 g/cm3 , and soil textural classification remained relatively unchanged. Organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation increased from their respective pre-treatment values. Also, soil pH improved significantly from 6.38 to 6.37. There was a better improvement in soil properties, which resulted in increased paddy rice yield with an average value of 6.36 t/ha obtained using NPK with a biochar concentration of 15 t/ha (NPKB15) treatment. This is an equivalent of approximately 400% increase in yield compared to the zero fertilizer and zero biochar (FOBO) treatment yield of 1.14 t/ha. NPK fertilizer at a biochar concentration of 15 t/ha, gave the best result in the soil's physical and chemical properties and is recommended for rice production.
{"title":"Assessing combined effects of biochar concentrations and different fertilizer applications on physicochemical properties of a sandy loamy soil","authors":"C. Akinbile, R. C. Eze, B. S. Ewulo, A. T. Abolude","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar application in the soil is a major strategy for modifying or improving its physicochemical properties, while soil fertility can be boosted by fertilizer application. The process of soil amendment was explored to investigate the impact of combined biochar and fertilizer treatments on soil properties and yield of New Rice for Africa (NERICA 2) upland rice variety. A Randomized Complete Block Design experiment was conducted using three different fertilizer types, three different biochar concentrations, and two sets of control each, with zero biochar and zero fertilizer. The biochar levels were 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, and 15 t/ha, while the fertilizer types were zero fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), solid fertilizer (NPK), and farmyard poultry manure (PM). A drip irrigation system with the completed layout captured the entire set-up, while soil properties were measured before soil treatment, post-season 1, and post-season 2. A significant increase in particle density from 3 3 3 3 2.51 g/cm3 to 2.56 g/cm3 was recorded while bulk density decreased from 1.42 g/cm3 to 1.41 g/cm3 , and soil textural classification remained relatively unchanged. Organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation increased from their respective pre-treatment values. Also, soil pH improved significantly from 6.38 to 6.37. There was a better improvement in soil properties, which resulted in increased paddy rice yield with an average value of 6.36 t/ha obtained using NPK with a biochar concentration of 15 t/ha (NPKB15) treatment. This is an equivalent of approximately 400% increase in yield compared to the zero fertilizer and zero biochar (FOBO) treatment yield of 1.14 t/ha. NPK fertilizer at a biochar concentration of 15 t/ha, gave the best result in the soil's physical and chemical properties and is recommended for rice production.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74151980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article we give new integral representations for the ordinary generating functions of ζ(2n), nζ(2n+1) and ζ(2n+1) for n∈ Z*, n≥1; where ζ(j) is the Riemann zeta function. We also give closed form expressionsfor the generating functions.
{"title":"Integral representations of the generating function of the Riemann zeta function of integer arguments","authors":"K. Adegoke, A. Olatinwo","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we give new integral representations for the ordinary generating functions of ζ(2n), nζ(2n+1) and ζ(2n+1) for n∈ Z*, n≥1; where ζ(j) is the Riemann zeta function. We also give closed form expressionsfor the generating functions.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84146733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents microstructures from the granite gneiss of the Basement complex of southwestern Nigeria. The granite gneiss of Ikare area comprises of the mineral assemblage; garnet, biotite, K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, sillimanite and opaque minerals. K-feldspar porphyroblasts have cuspate interstitial quartz grains, also quartz grains are included in K-feldspar. Most K-feldspar grains are highly strained and in some cases are fractured. Prismatic and fibrolite-type sillimanite are both present. Biotite is closely associated with fibrolitetype sillimanite. Sillimanite was observed to mimic the foliation produced by biotite. K-feldspar is the dominant mineral and could have formed by the dehydration reaction of biotite + plagioclase + quartz + sillimanite → garnet + K-feldspar + melt. Microscopic structures such as strained feldspar grains, micro-fractures in Kfeldspar, simple twinning in K-feldspar, myrmekite, mimicking textures, microperthitic intergrowth and cuspate volumes of quartz surrounding K-feldspar are indicative of melt-bearing and solid-state deformation of regional metamorphic rocks.
{"title":"Microstructural interpretation of the garnet-sillimanite-bearing granite gneiss of Ikare area, southwestern Nigeria","authors":"E. J. Oziegbe, O. Oziegbe","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents microstructures from the granite gneiss of the Basement complex of southwestern Nigeria. The granite gneiss of Ikare area comprises of the mineral assemblage; garnet, biotite, K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, sillimanite and opaque minerals. K-feldspar porphyroblasts have cuspate interstitial quartz grains, also quartz grains are included in K-feldspar. Most K-feldspar grains are highly strained and in some cases are fractured. Prismatic and fibrolite-type sillimanite are both present. Biotite is closely associated with fibrolitetype sillimanite. Sillimanite was observed to mimic the foliation produced by biotite. K-feldspar is the dominant mineral and could have formed by the dehydration reaction of biotite + plagioclase + quartz + sillimanite → garnet + K-feldspar + melt. Microscopic structures such as strained feldspar grains, micro-fractures in Kfeldspar, simple twinning in K-feldspar, myrmekite, mimicking textures, microperthitic intergrowth and cuspate volumes of quartz surrounding K-feldspar are indicative of melt-bearing and solid-state deformation of regional metamorphic rocks.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85564888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop pests and diseases are major impediments to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Timely and accurate diagnosis of invasive crop pests and diseases promote crop protection efforts. The use of digital mobile application technology and image processing tools for precision agriculture and pest identification and monitoring is gaining attention but limited research has tested its accuracy, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, the accuracy of Plantix - your crop doctor (a general-purpose mobile application for plant pests and diseases diagnosis) was evaluated on common pests and diseases of some staple crops grown in South-Western Nigeria. The results showed 90-100% accuracy of major pest and disease symptoms detected on maize (Zea mays), okra (Abelmoschus esculenthus), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and plantain (Musa paradisiaca), and the application showed 100% accuracy when used to diagnose similar crop types, but that are healthy. However, pest symptoms on Celosia (Celosia argentea), Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) were not detected by the mobile application, probably because these crops were not yet included in the database of this application. The exploration of this mobile application can provide technical services for farmers. There is a need to update the database of Plantix with local and indigenous crops in sub-Saharan Africa and develop home-grown mobile applications for disease and pest diagnosis and monitoring.
{"title":"Exploring a mobile application for pest and disease symptomatic diagnosis in food crops in Nigeria: Implications of its use by smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"A. Akinyemi, E. Fadele, A. E. Ojeleye","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Crop pests and diseases are major impediments to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Timely and accurate diagnosis of invasive crop pests and diseases promote crop protection efforts. The use of digital mobile application technology and image processing tools for precision agriculture and pest identification and monitoring is gaining attention but limited research has tested its accuracy, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, the accuracy of Plantix - your crop doctor (a general-purpose mobile application for plant pests and diseases diagnosis) was evaluated on common pests and diseases of some staple crops grown in South-Western Nigeria. The results showed 90-100% accuracy of major pest and disease symptoms detected on maize (Zea mays), okra (Abelmoschus esculenthus), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and plantain (Musa paradisiaca), and the application showed 100% accuracy when used to diagnose similar crop types, but that are healthy. However, pest symptoms on Celosia (Celosia argentea), Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) were not detected by the mobile application, probably because these crops were not yet included in the database of this application. The exploration of this mobile application can provide technical services for farmers. There is a need to update the database of Plantix with local and indigenous crops in sub-Saharan Africa and develop home-grown mobile applications for disease and pest diagnosis and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86959488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. Olowolaju, A. M. Afolabi, K. Popoola, A. Ologundudu
Seed priming is a promising technique that can improve the growth and yield of plants under optimum conditions. The specific priming duration and concentration required for adequate vegetative growth, yield quality, and phytochemical accumulation of Abelmoshus esculentus need clarification. This study was evaluated under screen house conditions, using a completely randomized design (CRD) approach. The seeds of Abelmoshus esculentus were subjected to priming with potassium nitrate for 6 and 12 h duration at a concentration of 0.5 and 1.00 mM while unprimed seeds served as the control. The results revealed that the primed seeds showed improved vegetative growth, yield components, and phytochemical constituents compared to the unprimed control seeds. This observation was irrespective of the priming duration and concentration of potassium nitrate used. Moreover, seeds primed for a 6 h duration at 1 mM were significantly higher in yield, fruit mineral, and phytochemical constituents compared to other treatments. At 12 h priming duration, seeds primed in 0.5 mM of potassium nitrate had higher growth and yield than at 1 mM. Priming with inorganic salts such as KNO3 induces faster growth and maximum crop yield of Abelmoshus esculentus. Priming for a short duration (6 h) 3 and at high concentration is sufficient to enhance the growth process and increased yield of Abelmoshus esculentus and has practical implications in the production of Abelmoshus esculentus .
{"title":"Vegetative growth, yield quality, and phytochemical accumulation of Abelmoshus esculentus L. (Moench) influenced by priming with potassium nitrate","authors":"E. D. Olowolaju, A. M. Afolabi, K. Popoola, A. Ologundudu","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Seed priming is a promising technique that can improve the growth and yield of plants under optimum conditions. The specific priming duration and concentration required for adequate vegetative growth, yield quality, and phytochemical accumulation of Abelmoshus esculentus need clarification. This study was evaluated under screen house conditions, using a completely randomized design (CRD) approach. The seeds of Abelmoshus esculentus were subjected to priming with potassium nitrate for 6 and 12 h duration at a concentration of 0.5 and 1.00 mM while unprimed seeds served as the control. The results revealed that the primed seeds showed improved vegetative growth, yield components, and phytochemical constituents compared to the unprimed control seeds. This observation was irrespective of the priming duration and concentration of potassium nitrate used. Moreover, seeds primed for a 6 h duration at 1 mM were significantly higher in yield, fruit mineral, and phytochemical constituents compared to other treatments. At 12 h priming duration, seeds primed in 0.5 mM of potassium nitrate had higher growth and yield than at 1 mM. Priming with inorganic salts such as KNO3 induces faster growth and maximum crop yield of Abelmoshus esculentus. Priming for a short duration (6 h) 3 and at high concentration is sufficient to enhance the growth process and increased yield of Abelmoshus esculentus and has practical implications in the production of Abelmoshus esculentus .","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86972117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shittu, A. Olaniyi, A. A. Daniyan, D. A. Isadare, K. Oluwasegun, S. Ibitoye
This paper investigated the effect of magnesium as a dispersion strengthening material on some mechanical properties of 1200-Aluminium (Al-Fe-Si) alloy, a typical commercial aluminium alloy used in the production of household utensils. 1200-Aluminium (Al-Fe-Si) alloy containing varying percentages of the dispersion hardening material (i.e. Magnesium) were produced and mechanical tests namely; hardness, tensile strength and impact strength were carried out. Also, the microstructures of the cast materials were studied. The results showed that increase in magnesium content, as dispersion hardening material improved the hardness, tensile strength and caused a slight decrease in impact strength of the 1200-Aluminium alloy. It is inferred from this work that using magnesium as a dispersion hardening material brings about corresponding improvement in some mechanical properties of 1200-Aluminium (Al-Fe-Si) alloy. Keywords: Magnesium, Aluminium alloy, dispersion strengthened, reinforced alloy, crystallographic formation Depth, Geothermal Energy
{"title":"Effect of magnesium on some mechanical properties of 1200 Aluminium alloy","authors":"M. Shittu, A. Olaniyi, A. A. Daniyan, D. A. Isadare, K. Oluwasegun, S. Ibitoye","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v23i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the effect of magnesium as a dispersion strengthening material on some mechanical properties of 1200-Aluminium (Al-Fe-Si) alloy, a typical commercial aluminium alloy used in the production of household utensils. 1200-Aluminium (Al-Fe-Si) alloy containing varying percentages of the dispersion hardening material (i.e. Magnesium) were produced and mechanical tests namely; hardness, tensile strength and impact strength were carried out. Also, the microstructures of the cast materials were studied. The results showed that increase in magnesium content, as dispersion hardening material improved the hardness, tensile strength and caused a slight decrease in impact strength of the 1200-Aluminium alloy. It is inferred from this work that using magnesium as a dispersion hardening material brings about corresponding improvement in some mechanical properties of 1200-Aluminium (Al-Fe-Si) alloy. \u0000Keywords: Magnesium, Aluminium alloy, dispersion strengthened, reinforced alloy, crystallographic formation Depth, Geothermal Energy","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80403920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedogeochemical survey for uranium mineralization in Dagbala-Atte district, Igarra schist belt, southwestern Nigeria was carried out. The concentrations of As, Au, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, U and V in the residual soils were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses and plotted on geochemical distribution maps to delineate possible U-mineralization areas. Histograms and box plots showed the elements are log-normally distributed with threshold values of 9.47 %, 10.8, 1589, 2.98, 45.6, 31.0, 0.68, 8.59, 122 ppm and 10.6 ppb, respectively for Fe, As, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, U, V and Au. Correlation matrix revealed a strong correlation between U and each of Fe, Mo and Pb indicating close primary association among these four elements. Factor analysis revealed association of U, Mo and Pb implying possible occurrence of U in the granitic rocks of the area. Geochemical maps showed that the strongest U anomaly occurred in the northeastern part of the district that is underlain by granitic gneisses with numerous unmapable granite-pegmatite veins, which possibly are the host of the U mineralization. Copious geological study of these granite-pegmatite veins is recommended. Keywords: Anomaly, box plots, correlation matrix, geochemical distribution map, uranium mineralization.
{"title":"Pedogeochemical survey for uranium mineralization in parts of Igarra Schist belt, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"M. Adepoju, C. T. Okonkwo, A. Bolarinwa","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v23i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Pedogeochemical survey for uranium mineralization in Dagbala-Atte district, Igarra schist belt, southwestern Nigeria was carried out. The concentrations of As, Au, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, U and V in the residual soils were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses and plotted on geochemical distribution maps to delineate possible U-mineralization areas. Histograms and box plots showed the elements are log-normally distributed with threshold values of 9.47 %, 10.8, 1589, 2.98, 45.6, 31.0, 0.68, 8.59, 122 ppm and 10.6 ppb, respectively for Fe, As, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, U, V and Au. Correlation matrix revealed a strong correlation between U and each of Fe, Mo and Pb indicating close primary association among these four elements. Factor analysis revealed association of U, Mo and Pb implying possible occurrence of U in the granitic rocks of the area. Geochemical maps showed that the strongest U anomaly occurred in the northeastern part of the district that is underlain by granitic gneisses with numerous unmapable granite-pegmatite veins, which possibly are the host of the U mineralization. Copious geological study of these granite-pegmatite veins is recommended. \u0000Keywords: Anomaly, box plots, correlation matrix, geochemical distribution map, uranium mineralization.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85174573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analyses (PCA) modelling tools have been used in this study to quantitatively describe the interaction effects of more than one factor on system response for the modelling and optimization of experimental data. In Nigeria, there are no stringent policies in place by the government on paint production and this has led to unregulated paint products by producers in the commercial markets. Water-based paints currently available in Nigerian market were sampled. Experimental data of Metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Pb) and Ethylene glycol butyl ether (Volatile organic compounds (VOC)) measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID), respectively was used to develop a mathematical model. The principal component analyses were explained with a cumulative variance of 82% for the VOC and 76% for metals based on manufacturers. Estimated responses were compared with the experimentally determined responses and prediction capabilities of Response Surface Methodology. In the RSM, the 2 developed model had R value of 0.9569, with optimized value at 0.10 % (1000ppm) of Ethylene glycol butyl ether and concentration (ppm) ranges of As (383.0-1,930.0), Ca (614.0-10,400.0), Cd (98.0-2,000.0), Cr (10.3- 225.0), Cu (133.0-1,840.0), Fe 742.0-2,910.0, Mg (4,000.0-99,510.0), Pb (170.0-3,230.0). The correlation and optimization study employed are applicable for assessing the impact of hazardous air pollutants on indoor air quality and a good applicability in paint industries to produce products within the set limit of international standards. For the purpose of reducing sick building syndrome and protecting public health, it was important to investigate paints and sealers extensively. Keywords: VOCs; Paint; metals; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; Response Surface Method
{"title":"Modelling and optimization of metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Pb) and Ethylene glycol butyl ether in paints using response surface method","authors":"A. F. Apanpa-Qasim, A. Adeyi, S. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v23i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analyses (PCA) modelling tools have been used in this study to quantitatively describe the interaction effects of more than one factor on system response for the modelling and optimization of experimental data. In Nigeria, there are no stringent policies in place by the government on paint production and this has led to unregulated paint products by producers in the commercial markets. Water-based paints currently available in Nigerian market were sampled. Experimental data of Metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Pb) and Ethylene glycol butyl ether (Volatile organic compounds (VOC)) measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID), respectively was used to develop a mathematical model. The principal component analyses were explained with a cumulative variance of 82% for the VOC and 76% for metals based on manufacturers. Estimated responses were compared with the experimentally determined responses and prediction capabilities of Response Surface Methodology. In the RSM, the 2 developed model had R value of 0.9569, with optimized value at 0.10 % (1000ppm) of Ethylene glycol butyl ether and concentration (ppm) ranges of As (383.0-1,930.0), Ca (614.0-10,400.0), Cd (98.0-2,000.0), Cr (10.3- 225.0), Cu (133.0-1,840.0), Fe 742.0-2,910.0, Mg (4,000.0-99,510.0), Pb (170.0-3,230.0). The correlation and optimization study employed are applicable for assessing the impact of hazardous air pollutants on indoor air quality and a good applicability in paint industries to produce products within the set limit of international standards. For the purpose of reducing sick building syndrome and protecting public health, it was important to investigate paints and sealers extensively. \u0000Keywords: VOCs; Paint; metals; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; Response Surface Method","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"130 16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84053321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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