The focus of miniaturization is the production of small and portable devices that can be carried in the pocket anywhere and anytime. Small and portable devices that perform multitask such the smartphone requires a portable and efficient antenna that operates in many frequency bands. A single planar miniaturized Archimedean spiral antenna, which operates in a frequency range that is determined by its inner and outer radii of its arc, has been adjourned to be a better candidate for these multiple tasks. This study examined the geometry of a miniaturized Archimedean spiral antenna of varying turns. An inner radius of 4.90 mm and a thickness of 0.0356 mm suitable for the printed antenna were previously chosen for the study. The length of the arc and the outer radius were determined for spiral turns ranging from 0.5 to 100 with an incremental step of 0.5. Results revealed the radial distance generating the spiral, the length of its arc, the outer radius, and the surface area were 4.97 mm, 2 15.51 mm, 4.97 mm and 77.16 mm for 0.5 spiral turns, and 19.12 mm, 7,546.80 mm, 2,849.33 mm and 1,148.64 2 mm for 100 spiral turns. Based on the outer radii, the frequency range of operation will be between 16.76 MHz and 9.60 GHz. The mathematical functions formulated through curve fitting described the relationship between the outer radius and arc length with a power function and the number of turns and frequency with an exponential function, while arc length and radial distance, area and number of turns, and area and pitch angle are described by polynomial functions. It is recommended that further analysis on the geometry of the minimized Archimedean spiral antenna be conducted.
{"title":"Exploring the geometry of miniaturized Archimedean SPIRAL Antennas for small and portable multitask devices","authors":"R. Adenodi","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of miniaturization is the production of small and portable devices that can be carried in the pocket anywhere and anytime. Small and portable devices that perform multitask such the smartphone requires a portable and efficient antenna that operates in many frequency bands. A single planar miniaturized Archimedean spiral antenna, which operates in a frequency range that is determined by its inner and outer radii of its arc, has been adjourned to be a better candidate for these multiple tasks. This study examined the geometry of a miniaturized Archimedean spiral antenna of varying turns. An inner radius of 4.90 mm and a thickness of 0.0356 mm suitable for the printed antenna were previously chosen for the study. The length of the arc and the outer radius were determined for spiral turns ranging from 0.5 to 100 with an incremental step of 0.5. Results revealed the radial distance generating the spiral, the length of its arc, the outer radius, and the surface area were 4.97 mm, 2 15.51 mm, 4.97 mm and 77.16 mm for 0.5 spiral turns, and 19.12 mm, 7,546.80 mm, 2,849.33 mm and 1,148.64 2 mm for 100 spiral turns. Based on the outer radii, the frequency range of operation will be between 16.76 MHz and 9.60 GHz. The mathematical functions formulated through curve fitting described the relationship between the outer radius and arc length with a power function and the number of turns and frequency with an exponential function, while arc length and radial distance, area and number of turns, and area and pitch angle are described by polynomial functions. It is recommended that further analysis on the geometry of the minimized Archimedean spiral antenna be conducted.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75201855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Amusat, O. O. Popoola, C. U. Onyemize, A. Ibrahim, O. Ilevbaoje, Y. S. Ademiluyi
Cassava as a food is widely eaten in nearly all tropical countries. This has led to the emergence of many cassava processing centres, which consequently results in extensive ecological pollution due to the release of cassava processing wastewater into the environment. Wastewater treatment is mostly carried out using chemical coagulants, which are not environmental friendly. This study aims at providing non-chemical based alternative treatment procedures for cassava wastewater. The treatment procedures involved the use of alum and Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulants. The coagulants were used in combination with sodium hypochlorite at 25 and 50 mg/L for coagulation periods of 24 h and 48 h. Physicochemical parameters including, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), cyanide, coliform count and heavy metals [Ni, Zn, and Cr] were evaluated for both raw and treated wastewaters using standard methods. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. At 50 mg/L dose and 48 h coagulation period, the removal efficiencies of cyanide were 98.91% and 99.63% for alum and M. oleifera seeds, respectively. M. oleifera seeds reduced coliform in the effluent by 96.73% and decontaminated heavy metals [Ni, Zn, and Cr]. However, none of the two treatments could reduce BOD to a permissible level. The study concluded that M. oleifera seed is a potential coagulant, and could therefore be used as a substitute to synthetic coagulants.
{"title":"Removal of toxic substances from cassava effluent using alum and Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulants: a comparative study towards improved agricultural practice","authors":"M. Amusat, O. O. Popoola, C. U. Onyemize, A. Ibrahim, O. Ilevbaoje, Y. S. Ademiluyi","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava as a food is widely eaten in nearly all tropical countries. This has led to the emergence of many cassava processing centres, which consequently results in extensive ecological pollution due to the release of cassava processing wastewater into the environment. Wastewater treatment is mostly carried out using chemical coagulants, which are not environmental friendly. This study aims at providing non-chemical based alternative treatment procedures for cassava wastewater. The treatment procedures involved the use of alum and Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulants. The coagulants were used in combination with sodium hypochlorite at 25 and 50 mg/L for coagulation periods of 24 h and 48 h. Physicochemical parameters including, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), cyanide, coliform count and heavy metals [Ni, Zn, and Cr] were evaluated for both raw and treated wastewaters using standard methods. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. At 50 mg/L dose and 48 h coagulation period, the removal efficiencies of cyanide were 98.91% and 99.63% for alum and M. oleifera seeds, respectively. M. oleifera seeds reduced coliform in the effluent by 96.73% and decontaminated heavy metals [Ni, Zn, and Cr]. However, none of the two treatments could reduce BOD to a permissible level. The study concluded that M. oleifera seed is a potential coagulant, and could therefore be used as a substitute to synthetic coagulants.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87149640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial effluents have become an environmental issue harming the ecosystem, remediation of these effluents is critical in order to mitigate some of this issue. Three adsorbents, activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (ASB), hydroxyapatite (HAP), and their composites (ncpA), were prepared for the adsorption of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) from wastewater in this work. The hydroxyapatite was synthesized using the wet precipitation method, and the activated carbon was derived from sugarcane bagasse, resulting in a composite with a hydroxyapatite to activated carbon ratio of 1:1. The adsorbents surface and chemical properties were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 2 2 -1 (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The BET surface areas were 1.34 ± 0.04 m2/g and 26.4 ± 0.4 m2g4 for HAP and ASB respectively. The influence of initial concentration of metal ions, adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. Two isotherm models and different kinetic models were used in fitting the experimental data. The adsorption of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) fitted well into the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 19.92 mg/g, 16.69 mg/g and 10.33 mg/g respectively for Cr (VI) and 113.64 mg/g, 113.64 mg/g and 107.54 mg/g respectively for Fe (III) removal onto HAP, ASB and ncpA respectively. The pseudo-second-order model that best suited the kinetic data was chemisorption-controlled, and this is referred to as the mechanism of the adsorption. Sum of square 2 error (SSE) and non-linear chi-square (ꭓ2 ) were used to further validate the mechanism.
{"title":"Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption studies of chromium (VI) and iron (III) from aqueous solution systems using hydroxyapatite, activated carbon and their composites","authors":"H. I. Adegoke, M. Ashola, M. F. Audu","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial effluents have become an environmental issue harming the ecosystem, remediation of these effluents is critical in order to mitigate some of this issue. Three adsorbents, activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (ASB), hydroxyapatite (HAP), and their composites (ncpA), were prepared for the adsorption of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) from wastewater in this work. The hydroxyapatite was synthesized using the wet precipitation method, and the activated carbon was derived from sugarcane bagasse, resulting in a composite with a hydroxyapatite to activated carbon ratio of 1:1. The adsorbents surface and chemical properties were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 2 2 -1 (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The BET surface areas were 1.34 ± 0.04 m2/g and 26.4 ± 0.4 m2g4 for HAP and ASB respectively. The influence of initial concentration of metal ions, adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. Two isotherm models and different kinetic models were used in fitting the experimental data. The adsorption of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) fitted well into the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 19.92 mg/g, 16.69 mg/g and 10.33 mg/g respectively for Cr (VI) and 113.64 mg/g, 113.64 mg/g and 107.54 mg/g respectively for Fe (III) removal onto HAP, ASB and ncpA respectively. The pseudo-second-order model that best suited the kinetic data was chemisorption-controlled, and this is referred to as the mechanism of the adsorption. Sum of square 2 error (SSE) and non-linear chi-square (ꭓ2 ) were used to further validate the mechanism.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74611064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Famakinwa, B. Itakorode, O. S. Adedeji, R. E. Okonji
Arginase acts as a mediator in the final phase of the urea cycle, protecting against excessive ammonia under homeostatic conditions by producing L-ornithine and urea. In this study, the physicochemical properties of Oryctes rhinoceros Larva arginase were investigated for biochemical comparison with its well-studied terrestrial mammalian. Oryctes rhinoceros larva arginase was isolated and purified to homogeneity. The purification procedure involved ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and affinity chromatography on reactive Blue 2-agarose. The pure enzyme had a specific activity of 38.7 U/mg, a purification fold of 63.4, and a percentage yield of 16.5%. O. rhinoceros gut arginase had a native and subunit molecular weight of 82 and 45 kDa, respectively and the Km and Vmax were 11.25 mM and 13.055 μmmol/min/mL, respectively. The activity was optimum at 60 °C m max (pH 8). The enzyme retained more than 60% of its activity at 50 °C for 60 min. The inhibition study on the enzyme showed that cations salts (CaCl2 , BaCl2 , HgCl2 , and SnCl2 ) enhanced the enzyme activity at 1 mM concentration except for SnCl2 . EDTA, a chelating compound, strongly inhibited the activity of the enzyme. The 2 effect of different amino acids on activity showed that L-valine, L-serine, L- aspartic acid, and L-glutamic acid had a moderate inhibitory (60%, 63%, 65.4%, 69.1%, respectively) effect on the enzyme activity. The study concluded that there were similarities between O. rhinoceros larva arginase and those of other ureotelic animals in terms of kinetics and physicochemical properties.
精氨酸酶在尿素循环的最后阶段作为一种介质，通过产生l -鸟氨酸和尿素来防止在稳态条件下过量的氨。本研究对稻角犀幼虫精氨酸酶的理化性质进行了研究，并与已有研究的陆生哺乳动物进行了生化比较。对稻角犀幼虫精氨酸酶进行了分离纯化。纯化过程包括deae纤维素的离子交换层析和活性蓝2琼脂糖的亲和层析。纯酶的比活性为38.7 U/mg，纯化倍数为63.4倍，产率为16.5%。犀牛肠道精氨酸酶的天然分子量和亚基分子量分别为82和45 kDa, Km和Vmax分别为11.25 mM和13.055 μmmol/min/mL。酶活性在60°C m max (pH 8)时达到最佳，在50°C作用60 min时酶活性保持在60%以上。对酶的抑制研究表明，除SnCl2外，阳离子盐(CaCl2、BaCl2、HgCl2和SnCl2)在1 mM浓度下对酶活性有增强作用。EDTA是一种螯合化合物，能强烈抑制酶的活性。不同氨基酸对酶活性的影响表明，L-缬氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-天冬氨酸和L-谷氨酸对酶活性有中等抑制作用(分别为60%、63%、65.4%和69.1%)。研究认为，犀牛幼虫精氨酸酶在动力学和理化性质上与其他输尿管动物有相似之处。
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of a purified arginase from the gut of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae","authors":"O. Famakinwa, B. Itakorode, O. S. Adedeji, R. E. Okonji","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Arginase acts as a mediator in the final phase of the urea cycle, protecting against excessive ammonia under homeostatic conditions by producing L-ornithine and urea. In this study, the physicochemical properties of Oryctes rhinoceros Larva arginase were investigated for biochemical comparison with its well-studied terrestrial mammalian. Oryctes rhinoceros larva arginase was isolated and purified to homogeneity. The purification procedure involved ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and affinity chromatography on reactive Blue 2-agarose. The pure enzyme had a specific activity of 38.7 U/mg, a purification fold of 63.4, and a percentage yield of 16.5%. O. rhinoceros gut arginase had a native and subunit molecular weight of 82 and 45 kDa, respectively and the Km and Vmax were 11.25 mM and 13.055 μmmol/min/mL, respectively. The activity was optimum at 60 °C m max (pH 8). The enzyme retained more than 60% of its activity at 50 °C for 60 min. The inhibition study on the enzyme showed that cations salts (CaCl2 , BaCl2 , HgCl2 , and SnCl2 ) enhanced the enzyme activity at 1 mM concentration except for SnCl2 . EDTA, a chelating compound, strongly inhibited the activity of the enzyme. The 2 effect of different amino acids on activity showed that L-valine, L-serine, L- aspartic acid, and L-glutamic acid had a moderate inhibitory (60%, 63%, 65.4%, 69.1%, respectively) effect on the enzyme activity. The study concluded that there were similarities between O. rhinoceros larva arginase and those of other ureotelic animals in terms of kinetics and physicochemical properties.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81417975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Osibote, A. S. .. Ojikutu, O. A. Adeyemo, N. J. Nwankwo
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the popular spices in Nigeria. It is highly utilised over the world as spice as well as for the treatment of inflammation, arthritis and other conditions involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to damage human cells. The proximate, phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of the plant are reported in this work. Extraction by maceration was used for the pulverized rhizomes with methanol-water (50:50). Further partitioning of the extract was carried out using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol into different fractions according to their polarity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-icrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (NOSA) and lipid peroxidation scavenging activity (LPSA). The proximate content was determined using conventional chemical methods. The FTIR analyses of n-hexane fraction of Z. officinale revealed some functional groups that may be present in two likely classes of secondary metabolites: terpenes and alkaloids. The ethyl acetate fraction produced flavonoid (121.31 mg/100 g; quercetin) and alkaloids because of the functional groups associated with them, while the butanol fraction with functional groups present revealed cardiac glycosides (4.88 mg/100 g; digoxin) and alkaloids (45.19 mg/100 g). The plant also contained reducing sugar (64.62 mg/100 g glucose), steroids (8.65 mg/100 g; cholesterol), tannins (56.82 mg/100 g; tannic acid) and phenolic compounds (110.64 mg/100 g; gallic acid) from the phytochemical analyses. The proximate analysis revealed that it has a high carbohydrate content (54.54%), but a relatively modest crude fibre (10.21%), moisture content (10.02%), total ash (9.30%), crude fat (8.80%) and crude protein (7.12%). The presence of these phyto-compounds could explain its customary use as oxidative stress inhibitor.
{"title":"Chemoprofiling and In vitro antioxidant potentials of methanol water extracts from Nigerian ginger (Zingiber officinale)","authors":"E. Osibote, A. S. .. Ojikutu, O. A. Adeyemo, N. J. Nwankwo","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the popular spices in Nigeria. It is highly utilised over the world as spice as well as for the treatment of inflammation, arthritis and other conditions involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to damage human cells. The proximate, phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of the plant are reported in this work. Extraction by maceration was used for the pulverized rhizomes with methanol-water (50:50). Further partitioning of the extract was carried out using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol into different fractions according to their polarity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-icrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (NOSA) and lipid peroxidation scavenging activity (LPSA). The proximate content was determined using conventional chemical methods. The FTIR analyses of n-hexane fraction of Z. officinale revealed some functional groups that may be present in two likely classes of secondary metabolites: terpenes and alkaloids. The ethyl acetate fraction produced flavonoid (121.31 mg/100 g; quercetin) and alkaloids because of the functional groups associated with them, while the butanol fraction with functional groups present revealed cardiac glycosides (4.88 mg/100 g; digoxin) and alkaloids (45.19 mg/100 g). The plant also contained reducing sugar (64.62 mg/100 g glucose), steroids (8.65 mg/100 g; cholesterol), tannins (56.82 mg/100 g; tannic acid) and phenolic compounds (110.64 mg/100 g; gallic acid) from the phytochemical analyses. The proximate analysis revealed that it has a high carbohydrate content (54.54%), but a relatively modest crude fibre (10.21%), moisture content (10.02%), total ash (9.30%), crude fat (8.80%) and crude protein (7.12%). The presence of these phyto-compounds could explain its customary use as oxidative stress inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85379311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annona muricata (soursop) has a long history of ethnomedicinal properties, which is associated with essential oils present in the plant. The bioactive compounds in the oils from the leaf and fruit of Nigerian variations of the plant are thus provided in this study. GC-MS was used to analyse and identify the chemical compounds present in the essential oil from A. muricata leaf and fruit. The major chemical compounds in the leaves were caryophyllene (26.04%), (1S-cis)-(δ-cadinene) (12.62%) and spathulenol (8.49 %). Others that were obtained in less quantities included α-cadinene (5.64%), tau-cadinol (3.84%), α-caryophyllene (3.49%) and phytol (2.83%). In the fruit oil, the compounds identified were n-hexadecanoic acid (24.82%), E-nerolidol (15.30%) andcaryophylene (32.30%). The presence of the compounds in the essential oil may provide scientific basis for the uses of the plant in the management of cancer and other parasitic infections.
{"title":"GC-MS analysis of constituents of the essential oil from the leaf and fruit of Nigerian cultivar of Annona muricata","authors":"E. Osibote, O. Olajide","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Annona muricata (soursop) has a long history of ethnomedicinal properties, which is associated with essential oils present in the plant. The bioactive compounds in the oils from the leaf and fruit of Nigerian variations of the plant are thus provided in this study. GC-MS was used to analyse and identify the chemical compounds present in the essential oil from A. muricata leaf and fruit. The major chemical compounds in the leaves were caryophyllene (26.04%), (1S-cis)-(δ-cadinene) (12.62%) and spathulenol (8.49 %). Others that were obtained in less quantities included α-cadinene (5.64%), tau-cadinol (3.84%), α-caryophyllene (3.49%) and phytol (2.83%). In the fruit oil, the compounds identified were n-hexadecanoic acid (24.82%), E-nerolidol (15.30%) andcaryophylene (32.30%). The presence of the compounds in the essential oil may provide scientific basis for the uses of the plant in the management of cancer and other parasitic infections.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77796783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracts of propolis from southwest Nigeria (Ondo and Ife) were analysed using GC-MS and were evaluated in vitro for free radical scavenging potentials and inhibitory activities on alpha-glucosidase and porcine lipase enzyme. Crude methanolic extracts of both propolis were separately defatted with n-hexane to give n-hexane fractions and defatted fractions. Each fraction was analysed using GC-MS. Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging potentials of the crude and defatted extracts were evaluated while in vitro antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic were also determined using spectrophotometric method. The GC-MS analysis indicated 18 (88.38 %) and 20 (99.99%) compounds for n-hexane fraction of propolis from Ife (BPIH) and Ondo (BPOH) respectively. For the defatted extracts propolis from Ife (BPID) and Ondo (BPOD), 21 compounds each were identified, accounting for 100% composition in each extracts. The IC DPPH radical scavenging activities of all 50 the propolis samples were moderate compared to the standard (32.61 ± 2.60 μg/mL) however, BPOD demonstrated highest radical scavenging activity (141.49±0.29 μg/mL) among the propolis fraction tested. All the extracts demonstrated better inhibition than the standard acarbose, however, BPOD inhibited the enzyme the most with IC value of 25.35±0.48 μg/mL. The anti-lipase activities of the propolis were fairly moderate but 50 much lower compared to the standard orlistat (0.88 ± 0.12 μg/mL). The excellent inhibitory performance of the propolis extracts on alpha-glucosidase enyzme gives credence to its traditional use in treatment of diabetic patients, also the moderate free radical scavenging and antipase activities make bee propolis an important bioresource for discovery of lead drugs.
{"title":"Chemical constituents, free radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory potential of selected Nigerian bee (Apis mellifera) propolis","authors":"O. S. Balogun, Z. Liu","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Extracts of propolis from southwest Nigeria (Ondo and Ife) were analysed using GC-MS and were evaluated in vitro for free radical scavenging potentials and inhibitory activities on alpha-glucosidase and porcine lipase enzyme. Crude methanolic extracts of both propolis were separately defatted with n-hexane to give n-hexane fractions and defatted fractions. Each fraction was analysed using GC-MS. Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging potentials of the crude and defatted extracts were evaluated while in vitro antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic were also determined using spectrophotometric method. The GC-MS analysis indicated 18 (88.38 %) and 20 (99.99%) compounds for n-hexane fraction of propolis from Ife (BPIH) and Ondo (BPOH) respectively. For the defatted extracts propolis from Ife (BPID) and Ondo (BPOD), 21 compounds each were identified, accounting for 100% composition in each extracts. The IC DPPH radical scavenging activities of all 50 the propolis samples were moderate compared to the standard (32.61 ± 2.60 μg/mL) however, BPOD demonstrated highest radical scavenging activity (141.49±0.29 μg/mL) among the propolis fraction tested. All the extracts demonstrated better inhibition than the standard acarbose, however, BPOD inhibited the enzyme the most with IC value of 25.35±0.48 μg/mL. The anti-lipase activities of the propolis were fairly moderate but 50 much lower compared to the standard orlistat (0.88 ± 0.12 μg/mL). The excellent inhibitory performance of the propolis extracts on alpha-glucosidase enyzme gives credence to its traditional use in treatment of diabetic patients, also the moderate free radical scavenging and antipase activities make bee propolis an important bioresource for discovery of lead drugs.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79824609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the effect of two parameters, resistivity and hydraulic conductivity of the vadose zone, and their reliability in assessing aquifer vulnerability. Hence, the vulnerability of the aquifers within the Quaternary – Sombreiro Deltaic deposits to contamination was assessed using two models: longitudinal conductance and hydraulic resistance. The results from the simulation of the models show four vulnerability zones indicated by the longitudinal conductance model, while the hydraulic resistance model revealed five zones. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that thickness, lithology, and the interactions of the two variables have a significant effect on the two models. The longitudinal conductance and hydraulic resistance models show a closer coincidence of vulnerability in 72% of the study area. The differences in results and delimitations of varying vulnerability zones by the two models depend primarily on the two parameters employed in estimating the vulnerability, with the vadose layer's hydraulic conductivity imposing remarkable influence on the general vulnerability of the study area.
{"title":"A comparative aquifer vulnerability study of the Quaternary Sombreiro – Warri Deltaic plain deposits, Western Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"K. Aweto, O. Ohwoghere-Asuma, T. Omeru","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of two parameters, resistivity and hydraulic conductivity of the vadose zone, and their reliability in assessing aquifer vulnerability. Hence, the vulnerability of the aquifers within the Quaternary – Sombreiro Deltaic deposits to contamination was assessed using two models: longitudinal conductance and hydraulic resistance. The results from the simulation of the models show four vulnerability zones indicated by the longitudinal conductance model, while the hydraulic resistance model revealed five zones. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that thickness, lithology, and the interactions of the two variables have a significant effect on the two models. The longitudinal conductance and hydraulic resistance models show a closer coincidence of vulnerability in 72% of the study area. The differences in results and delimitations of varying vulnerability zones by the two models depend primarily on the two parameters employed in estimating the vulnerability, with the vadose layer's hydraulic conductivity imposing remarkable influence on the general vulnerability of the study area.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89675362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. Eghomwanre, O. Oguntoke, A. Taiwo, S. O. Sam-Wobo, B. J. Enagbonma
Exposure to bioaerosols poses significant health risks to occupants of buildings, especially in tropical areas due to its climatic characteristics that favour airborne bacterial growth. This study investigated the levels and composition of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria in residential buildings in Benin Metropolis. Air samples were collected from forty-five randomly selected houses across the five local government areas in Benin City using the passive sampling technique. The culture-dependent 16S rRNA gene technique was utilized in theidentification of the bacterial isolates. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of the indoor and 3 3 outdoor total bacteria varied from 476.1 to 939.3 CFU/m3 and 181.1 to 373.2 CFU/m3 in the wet season, 335.0 3 3 to 457.2 CFU/m3 and 387.2 to 627.8 CFU/m3 in the dry season, respectively. The concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria varied significantly (P=0.001) during the wet and dry seasons. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool homology showed that the 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates were related to Proteus mirabilis, Pectobacterium brasiliense, and Enterobacter sichuanensis. The bacterial communities identified are associated with humans and other outdoor environmental media and could lead to critical health outcomes among exposed vulnerable occupants of the buildings. This study, therefore, provides a database for airborne bacteria in residential houses in the study area and could assist in the implementation of effective interventions that reduce the risks and provide a safe environment.
{"title":"Assessment of airborne bacteria in residential buildings in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"A. F. Eghomwanre, O. Oguntoke, A. Taiwo, S. O. Sam-Wobo, B. J. Enagbonma","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to bioaerosols poses significant health risks to occupants of buildings, especially in tropical areas due to its climatic characteristics that favour airborne bacterial growth. This study investigated the levels and composition of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria in residential buildings in Benin Metropolis. Air samples were collected from forty-five randomly selected houses across the five local government areas in Benin City using the passive sampling technique. The culture-dependent 16S rRNA gene technique was utilized in theidentification of the bacterial isolates. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of the indoor and 3 3 outdoor total bacteria varied from 476.1 to 939.3 CFU/m3 and 181.1 to 373.2 CFU/m3 in the wet season, 335.0 3 3 to 457.2 CFU/m3 and 387.2 to 627.8 CFU/m3 in the dry season, respectively. The concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria varied significantly (P=0.001) during the wet and dry seasons. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool homology showed that the 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates were related to Proteus mirabilis, Pectobacterium brasiliense, and Enterobacter sichuanensis. The bacterial communities identified are associated with humans and other outdoor environmental media and could lead to critical health outcomes among exposed vulnerable occupants of the buildings. This study, therefore, provides a database for airborne bacteria in residential houses in the study area and could assist in the implementation of effective interventions that reduce the risks and provide a safe environment.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86434441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Adeoti, M. Bako, O. Adeogun, G. Anukwu, T. J. Adegbite
Seismic and well information have been incorporated with a genetic inversion workflow using a supervised neural network in the F3 block, offshore Netherlands with a view to properly predicting porosity distribution within the selected reservoirs. This would provide spatial distribution of porosity within the field. Petrophysical parameters were estimated for the identified reservoirs (FS4, FS8, XYZ and ABC) across the four wells (F02-01, F03-02, F03-04 and F03-06) ranging from 780 to 1500 ms. Acoustic impedance (AI) and porosity cubes weregenerated using a genetic neural network. Thereafter, acoustic and porosity maps were extracted for the selected reservoirs. The results of the inversion reflect that the acoustic impedance in the region varies from 2000 to 6000 kPa.s/m, indicating unconsolidated and less compacted formation within the study area. Porosity within the selected reservoirs varies from 0.25 to 0.40, which reflects very good to excellent porosity values within the study area. The plot of porosity from well (F02-01) and the predicted porosity from genetic inversion reveals a relatively good correlation coefficient of 68%. The hydrocarbon regions within the F3 block are in the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous strata which are found below the interval available for this study. The study underscores that the genetic inversion algorithm has proven effective in predicting porosity within the study area.
{"title":"Porosity prediction using 3D seismic genetic inversion at F3 Block, offshore Netherlands","authors":"L. Adeoti, M. Bako, O. Adeogun, G. Anukwu, T. J. Adegbite","doi":"10.4314/ijs.v25i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic and well information have been incorporated with a genetic inversion workflow using a supervised neural network in the F3 block, offshore Netherlands with a view to properly predicting porosity distribution within the selected reservoirs. This would provide spatial distribution of porosity within the field. Petrophysical parameters were estimated for the identified reservoirs (FS4, FS8, XYZ and ABC) across the four wells (F02-01, F03-02, F03-04 and F03-06) ranging from 780 to 1500 ms. Acoustic impedance (AI) and porosity cubes weregenerated using a genetic neural network. Thereafter, acoustic and porosity maps were extracted for the selected reservoirs. The results of the inversion reflect that the acoustic impedance in the region varies from 2000 to 6000 kPa.s/m, indicating unconsolidated and less compacted formation within the study area. Porosity within the selected reservoirs varies from 0.25 to 0.40, which reflects very good to excellent porosity values within the study area. The plot of porosity from well (F02-01) and the predicted porosity from genetic inversion reveals a relatively good correlation coefficient of 68%. The hydrocarbon regions within the F3 block are in the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous strata which are found below the interval available for this study. The study underscores that the genetic inversion algorithm has proven effective in predicting porosity within the study area.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79539637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：