This study determined the best pre–treatment regime required for germination of the seeds of Afzelia africana Sm.Ex.Pers. and also provided information on the early growth parameters of the plant seedlings. Seeds of A. africana were collected from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife (Lat 7° 32'N, Long 4° 31'E) and authenticated at the IFE-herbarium. One hundred and twenty five (125) seeds were sown per treatment (n=5 with 5 replicates and 5 repeats). Five (5) seeds each were sown in small petri dishes, without pre–treatment (control), or treated by subjecting to mechanical scarification and chemical scarification using Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid (H SO ) and Trioxonitrate (V) acid (HNO3 ) for germination studies. Germination counts were made at an interval of 2 days. For the six different pre–treatments, five seedlings per plastic bowl were transferred into soil in a total of twenty plastic bowls laid out in a randomized design and their growth monitored for 40 weeks. Results showed that pre–treatment of seeds with mechanical scarification gave the highest percentage germination. Significant differences (P ˂ 0.05) occurred in the shoot height and in the number of leaves between 4 and 12 weeks of growth. The study established that pre–treatment with mechanical scarification was the best for uniform germination of seeds of the plant. This study has provided alternative means of pretreating A. africana seeds apart from using H2SO4 – the first to subject seeds to mechanical scarification and 2 4 chemical scarification using HNO3 , in addition to providing information on the germination parameters and the seedling growth rate of Afzelia africana. Key words: Propagation, Growth, Acid, Scarification
本研究确定了非洲阿兹利亚种子发芽所需的最佳预处理制度。并提供了植物幼苗早期生长参数的信息。非洲古树种子采自Ile - Ife Obafemi Awolowo大学(l7°32'N, Long 4°31'E)，并在Ife -herbarium进行鉴定。每个处理播种125粒种子(n=5, 5个重复，5个重复)。在小型培养皿中播种5粒种子，不进行预处理(对照)，或使用四氧硫酸盐(VI)酸(hso)和三氧硝酸盐(V)酸(HNO3)进行机械刻痕和化学刻痕处理，以进行发芽研究。每隔2天进行发芽计数。对于六种不同的预处理，每个塑料碗中有五棵幼苗被转移到随机设计的20个塑料碗中的土壤中，并对其生长进行了40周的监测。结果表明，机械划伤预处理的种子发芽率最高。在生长第4周和第12周之间，茎高和叶片数量差异显著(P小于0.05)。研究表明，机械划伤预处理对种子均匀发芽效果最好。本研究提供了除H2SO4外的其他预处理方法，首次采用机械刻蚀法和HNO3化学刻蚀法对非洲南方南方种子进行了机械刻蚀和化学刻蚀，并提供了非洲南方南方南方南方种子萌发参数和幼苗生长速率的信息。关键词:繁殖;生长;酸
{"title":"Germination and seedling growth in Afzelia africana Sm. ex. Pers.","authors":"E. Ogbimi, A. Sakpere","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V23I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V23I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the best pre–treatment regime required for germination of the seeds of Afzelia africana Sm.Ex.Pers. and also provided information on the early growth parameters of the plant seedlings. Seeds of A. africana were collected from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife (Lat 7° 32'N, Long 4° 31'E) and authenticated at the IFE-herbarium. One hundred and twenty five (125) seeds were sown per treatment (n=5 with 5 replicates and 5 repeats). Five (5) seeds each were sown in small petri dishes, without pre–treatment (control), or treated by subjecting to mechanical scarification and chemical scarification using Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid (H SO ) and Trioxonitrate (V) acid (HNO3 ) for germination studies. Germination counts were made at an interval of 2 days. For the six different pre–treatments, five seedlings per plastic bowl were transferred into soil in a total of twenty plastic bowls laid out in a randomized design and their growth monitored for 40 weeks. Results showed that pre–treatment of seeds with mechanical scarification gave the highest percentage germination. Significant differences (P ˂ 0.05) occurred in the shoot height and in the number of leaves between 4 and 12 weeks of growth. The study established that pre–treatment with mechanical scarification was the best for uniform germination of seeds of the plant. This study has provided alternative means of pretreating A. africana seeds apart from using H2SO4 – the first to subject seeds to mechanical scarification and 2 4 chemical scarification using HNO3 , in addition to providing information on the germination parameters and the seedling growth rate of Afzelia africana. \u0000Key words: Propagation, Growth, Acid, Scarification","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77252802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I.O Olaoye, Y. A. Salako, B.D. Odugbose, O.K Owolarafe
The effect of processing conditions such as machine shaft speed, loading and level of ripeness of the Spondias mombin fruit on quality (i.e moisture, ash, fibre, fat and protein contents) of juice extracted were investigated in this study using a newly designed juice extractor for Spondias mombin fruit. The moisture content of the extracted juice was observed to initially decrease as the shaft speed increased from 120 to 130 rpm and then increased with increase in shaft speed from 130 to150 rpm. Increase in loading from 5 to 15 kg per time increased the moisture content of the juice at different shaft speeds. As the shaft speed and rate of loading per time increases, the ash content of the juice also increases. Increase in shaft speed also increased the fibre, fat and protein contents of the juice. The effect of the processing conditions considered indicates that separate and interactive effects of the three factors on the qaulity parameters of the juice were significant (p<0.05). Keywords: Hog plum, Ripeness, Machine, Processing, Juice, Quality
{"title":"Effect of processing conditions on quality of juice extracted from hog plum fruit","authors":"I.O Olaoye, Y. A. Salako, B.D. Odugbose, O.K Owolarafe","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V23I1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V23I1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of processing conditions such as machine shaft speed, loading and level of ripeness of the Spondias mombin fruit on quality (i.e moisture, ash, fibre, fat and protein contents) of juice extracted were investigated in this study using a newly designed juice extractor for Spondias mombin fruit. The moisture content of the extracted juice was observed to initially decrease as the shaft speed increased from 120 to 130 rpm and then increased with increase in shaft speed from 130 to150 rpm. Increase in loading from 5 to 15 kg per time increased the moisture content of the juice at different shaft speeds. As the shaft speed and rate of loading per time increases, the ash content of the juice also increases. Increase in shaft speed also increased the fibre, fat and protein contents of the juice. The effect of the processing conditions considered indicates that separate and interactive effects of the three factors on the qaulity parameters of the juice were significant (p<0.05). \u0000Keywords: Hog plum, Ripeness, Machine, Processing, Juice, Quality","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77480259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friday Elijah Osho, Bamidele O. Omitoyin, E. Ajani
Rapid change in the conservation status of Parachanna obscura from least concerned to endangered species raises concerns over the health of the natural populations of this stock in Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the haematology, serum biochemistry and condition factor of P. obscura from Nigeria's freshwater environment to assess their wellbeing. All eight hydologic areas in Nigeria were purposively selected while one river in each of the basins was randomly chosen for sampling of P. obscura. These randomly selected rivers were from Anambra (Niger South), Imo (Eastern south) , Ibbi (Upper Benue), Kaduna (Niger Central), Katsina Ala (Lower Benue), Hadejia (Lake Chad), Ogun (Western Littoral) , and Sokoto (Niger North) rivers. Fish samples were collected quaterly for a year from fishermen's catch. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test were employed for data analysis. Percentage parked cell volume, lymphocytes, neutrophil and monocytes as well as haemoglobin and red blood cells were not significantly different (p>0.05) across populations. However, other haematologic parameters differed significantly among the populations. Samples from river Ibbi had significantly higher levels of glucose (47.75±3.22 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (42.25±2.72 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (33.25±2.14 U/L) and blood urea nitrogen (1.91±0.31 mg/dL). Condition factors averaged 0.81±0.01. The present study showed that measured haematologic and serum biochemistry parameters as well as the condition factor were within normal reference values for P. obscura or similar tropical fish species reference values. Therefore, other causes of the decline in population of this species in Nigeria should be investigated.
{"title":"Haematology, serum biochemistry and condition factor of the African snakehead fish, Parachanna obscura from Nigeria’s hydrologic areas","authors":"Friday Elijah Osho, Bamidele O. Omitoyin, E. Ajani","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid change in the conservation status of Parachanna obscura from least concerned to endangered species raises concerns over the health of the natural populations of this stock in Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the haematology, serum biochemistry and condition factor of P. obscura from Nigeria's freshwater environment to assess their wellbeing. All eight hydologic areas in Nigeria were purposively selected while one river in each of the basins was randomly chosen for sampling of P. obscura. These randomly selected rivers were from Anambra (Niger South), Imo (Eastern south) , Ibbi (Upper Benue), Kaduna (Niger Central), Katsina Ala (Lower Benue), Hadejia (Lake Chad), Ogun (Western Littoral) , and Sokoto (Niger North) rivers. Fish samples were collected quaterly for a year from fishermen's catch. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test were employed for data analysis. Percentage parked cell volume, lymphocytes, neutrophil and monocytes as well as haemoglobin and red blood cells were not significantly different (p>0.05) across populations. However, other haematologic parameters differed significantly among the populations. Samples from river Ibbi had significantly higher levels of glucose (47.75±3.22 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (42.25±2.72 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (33.25±2.14 U/L) and blood urea nitrogen (1.91±0.31 mg/dL). Condition factors averaged 0.81±0.01. The present study showed that measured haematologic and serum biochemistry parameters as well as the condition factor were within normal reference values for P. obscura or similar tropical fish species reference values. Therefore, other causes of the decline in population of this species in Nigeria should be investigated.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79073950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Taiwo, S. Udoh, S. Olaoti-Laaro, O. Jeminiwa, M. S. Jeminiwa
2 2 forest of south-western Nigeria and it occupies a total land area of 58.88 km . Six study plots of 50 m each were randomly selected and designated as Frequently Burnt Plot 1, Frequently Burnt Plot 2, Harvested Plot, Unharvested Unburnt Plot, Arable Plot 1 and Arable Plot 2 for the purpose of assessment of species diversity and distribution of woody species. Seven species of trees were identified belonging to five families. One hundred and eighty two stands were enumerated, with Unharvested Unburnt Plot having the highest number of trees at 50. The dominance index for the woody flora was 1 in Frequently Burnt Plot 1 and 2 as well as Arable Plot 1 and 2 except for the Harvested Plot that had the lowest (0.29) while the Unharvested Unburnt Plot had 0.75. Highest species richness was recorded at the Harvested Plot at 0.71. The species diversity in Harvested Plot was low (1.54), while it was extremely low in Unharvested Unburnt Plot (0.43). Evenness index was lowest in the Unharvested Unburnt Plot at 0.43. Tectona grandis had the highest relative importance value in the Frequently Burnt Plot 1. The low species richness and species diversity is a direct indication of anthropogenic interference in the study plots and the forest reserve; this requires urgent mitigation to prevent a total loss of its structure and function as expected of a forest reserve.
{"title":"Assessment of species diversity and distribution of woody species on selected plots in Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"D. Taiwo, S. Udoh, S. Olaoti-Laaro, O. Jeminiwa, M. S. Jeminiwa","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.3","url":null,"abstract":"2 2 forest of south-western Nigeria and it occupies a total land area of 58.88 km . Six study plots of 50 m each were randomly selected and designated as Frequently Burnt Plot 1, Frequently Burnt Plot 2, Harvested Plot, Unharvested Unburnt Plot, Arable Plot 1 and Arable Plot 2 for the purpose of assessment of species diversity and distribution of woody species. Seven species of trees were identified belonging to five families. One hundred and eighty two stands were enumerated, with Unharvested Unburnt Plot having the highest number of trees at 50. The dominance index for the woody flora was 1 in Frequently Burnt Plot 1 and 2 as well as Arable Plot 1 and 2 except for the Harvested Plot that had the lowest (0.29) while the Unharvested Unburnt Plot had 0.75. Highest species richness was recorded at the Harvested Plot at 0.71. The species diversity in Harvested Plot was low (1.54), while it was extremely low in Unharvested Unburnt Plot (0.43). Evenness index was lowest in the Unharvested Unburnt Plot at 0.43. Tectona grandis had the highest relative importance value in the Frequently Burnt Plot 1. The low species richness and species diversity is a direct indication of anthropogenic interference in the study plots and the forest reserve; this requires urgent mitigation to prevent a total loss of its structure and function as expected of a forest reserve.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87913593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1,2* 1,3 4 Igbinosa, E. O., Beshiru, A. and Odjadjare, E.E.O. Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group (AMPEHREG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria. Sustainable Development Office, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City 300283, Nigeria. Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Private Mail Bag 10 Oghara 331101, Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental, Public Health and Bioresource Microbiology Research Group (EPHBIOMREG), Department of Biological Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Private Mail Bag 1100, Benin City 300001, Nigeria. *Corresponding author's e-mail: eigbinosa@gmail.com
{"title":"Diversity, antimicrobial characterization and biofilm formation of Enterococci isolated from aquaculture and slaughterhouse sources in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"E. Igbinosa, A. Beshiru, E. Odjadjare","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.4","url":null,"abstract":"1,2* 1,3 4 Igbinosa, E. O., Beshiru, A. and Odjadjare, E.E.O. Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group (AMPEHREG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria. Sustainable Development Office, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City 300283, Nigeria. Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Private Mail Bag 10 Oghara 331101, Delta State, Nigeria. Environmental, Public Health and Bioresource Microbiology Research Group (EPHBIOMREG), Department of Biological Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Private Mail Bag 1100, Benin City 300001, Nigeria. *Corresponding author's e-mail: eigbinosa@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84301837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphological characterization of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Opa, Asejire and Ero reservoirs in southwest, Nigeria was carried out with a view to determining the morphological heterogeneity or homogeneity among the three different populations and to determine whether there are morphotypes of this species in the selected study areas. Twenty five morphometric measurements and six meristic counts were recorded on 150 specimens; fifty from each reservoir population. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were performed on the morphometric and meristic data using PAST software. All the clusters produced by the PCA and CVA analyses on the morphometric and meristic data overlapped widely; indicating a low level of morphological differentiation among the three populations of Sarotherodon galilaeus. The study concluded that the Sarotherodon galilaeus populations from Opa, Asejire and Ero reservoirs are morphologically similar and phenotypically inseparable.
{"title":"Morphological characterization of natural populations of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) from three selected reservoirs in South Western, Nigeria","authors":"T. E. Oladimeji, M. Awodiran, F. A. Ola-Oladimeji","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological characterization of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Opa, Asejire and Ero reservoirs in southwest, Nigeria was carried out with a view to determining the morphological heterogeneity or homogeneity among the three different populations and to determine whether there are morphotypes of this species in the selected study areas. Twenty five morphometric measurements and six meristic counts were recorded on 150 specimens; fifty from each reservoir population. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were performed on the morphometric and meristic data using PAST software. All the clusters produced by the PCA and CVA analyses on the morphometric and meristic data overlapped widely; indicating a low level of morphological differentiation among the three populations of Sarotherodon galilaeus. The study concluded that the Sarotherodon galilaeus populations from Opa, Asejire and Ero reservoirs are morphologically similar and phenotypically inseparable.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84466346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fifty-six (56) day experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed with six iso-nitrogenous diets in which oven-dried melon (Citrillus lanatus) seed peel meal (MSPM) was substituted for yellow maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% inclusion levels. A total of 270 fingerlings of C. gariepinus (mean weight: 7.40 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allocated into eighteen plastic bowls (50-litre capacity) at 15 fish per bowl and fed the control and experimental diets twice daily at 5% of their body weight. Proximate composition of melon seed peel meal-supplemented diets and fish carcass was determined using standard procedures. Results showed that crude protein was highest (60.75%) in fish fed diet 2 (20% MSPMsupplemented diet) and least (58.21%) in fish fed diet 4 (60% MSPM-supplemented diet). Fish fed diet 2 (20%MSPM-supplemented diet) had statistically (p < 0.05) superior values of MWG (48.27 g), SGR (1.56%/day) and FCR (0.48) beyond which growth and feed utilization indices gradually declined with increased level of MSPM inclusion. This study demonstrated that 20% substitution level of oven-dried melon seed peel meal produced the best growth and feed utilization in C. gariepinus. Keywords: Melon seed peel, Clarias gariepinus, Growth performance, Feed utilization
{"title":"Growth performance and feed utilisation in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed graded levels of melon (Citrillus lanatus) seed peel meal-supplemented die","authors":"S. A. Adesina, A. O. Ajibare, O. G. Ebimowei","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.8","url":null,"abstract":"A fifty-six (56) day experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed with six iso-nitrogenous diets in which oven-dried melon (Citrillus lanatus) seed peel meal (MSPM) was substituted for yellow maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% inclusion levels. A total of 270 fingerlings of C. gariepinus (mean weight: 7.40 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allocated into eighteen plastic bowls (50-litre capacity) at 15 fish per bowl and fed the control and experimental diets twice daily at 5% of their body weight. Proximate composition of melon seed peel meal-supplemented diets and fish carcass was determined using standard procedures. Results showed that crude protein was highest (60.75%) in fish fed diet 2 (20% MSPMsupplemented diet) and least (58.21%) in fish fed diet 4 (60% MSPM-supplemented diet). Fish fed diet 2 (20%MSPM-supplemented diet) had statistically (p < 0.05) superior values of MWG (48.27 g), SGR (1.56%/day) and FCR (0.48) beyond which growth and feed utilization indices gradually declined with increased level of MSPM inclusion. This study demonstrated that 20% substitution level of oven-dried melon seed peel meal produced the best growth and feed utilization in C. gariepinus. \u0000Keywords: Melon seed peel, Clarias gariepinus, Growth performance, Feed utilization","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78426608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
001 Ife Journal of Science vol. 22, no. 3 (2020) INTRODUCTION Effluents discharge from industries is a major source of environmental pollution globally. Heavy metals are one of the dominant contaminants in industrial effluents and discharging heavy-metal laden contaminated wastewater into water bodies at elevated concentrations is considered lethal to living organisms. Excessive accumulation of metal ions in living tissue impedes the biological functions of vital organs resulting into health problems (Chandra and Mandal, 2000; Jiang et al., 2010). Several treatment methods have been devised for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Adsorption technique is considered one of the effective low-cost methods for removal of heavy metals. Adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions has been studied using different adsorbents including clay (Sari et al., 2007; Adebowale et al., 2008; Dawodu and Akpomie, 2014). The use of kaolinite clay for adsorption is worthwhile because of its abundance in deposit especially in Nigeria (Olusola et al., 2011; Fakoluji et al., 2012). Kaolinite clay is a phyllosilicate clay mineral of interlayer structure type 1:1 with ideal structural formula of Al Si O (OH) (Barth, 1994; 2 2 5 4 Bergaya et al., 2006; Uddin, 2017). Several researchers have investigated the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on kaolinite 2+ clay. The data obtained from adsorption of Pb , 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Cu , Fe , Mn and Zn ions on kaolinite showed that there was favourable adsorption of the metal ions (Kamel et al., 2004). Investigation of 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ adsorption of Pb , Cu , Cd , and Zn ions on 2+ different clays have shown that Pb ion, has greater affinity for the clays than the other metal ions (Olaofe et al., 2015). Nigerian kaolinite clay https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.1
《生命科学》第22卷，第1期。工业废水排放是全球环境污染的主要来源。重金属是工业废水中的主要污染物之一，将重金属污染废水高浓度排放到水体中被认为对生物是致命的。金属离子在活组织中的过度积累妨碍重要器官的生物功能，从而导致健康问题(Chandra和Mandal, 2000年;Jiang et al.， 2010)。已经设计了几种去除废水中重金属的处理方法。吸附技术被认为是一种有效的低成本去除重金属的方法。已经研究了使用不同的吸附剂，包括粘土，从水溶液中吸附重金属(Sari等人，2007;Adebowale et al.， 2008;Dawodu and Akpomie, 2014)。使用高岭石粘土进行吸附是值得的，因为高岭石粘土在沉积物中储量丰富，特别是在尼日利亚(Olusola等人，2011;Fakoluji et al.， 2012)。高岭石粘土是层间结构类型为1:1的层间硅酸盐粘土矿物，具有Al Si O (OH)的理想结构式(Barth, 1994;2 2 5 4 Bergaya等人，2006;Uddin, 2017)。一些研究人员研究了高岭石2+粘土对水溶液中重金属离子的吸附。对Pb、2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn离子在高岭石上的吸附数据表明，这些金属离子具有良好的吸附作用(Kamel etal .， 2004)。2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+吸附Pb、Cu、Cd和Zn离子在2+不同粘土上的研究表明，Pb离子对粘土的亲和力大于其他金属离子(Olaofe etal .， 2015)。尼日利亚高岭石粘土https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.1
{"title":"Adsorption of Fe , Pb , Zn and Cr ions from aqueous solutions using natural, ammonium oxalate and sodium hydroxide modified Kaolinite clay","authors":"J. A. Lawal, E. Odebunmi, F. A. Adekola","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.1","url":null,"abstract":"001 Ife Journal of Science vol. 22, no. 3 (2020) INTRODUCTION Effluents discharge from industries is a major source of environmental pollution globally. Heavy metals are one of the dominant contaminants in industrial effluents and discharging heavy-metal laden contaminated wastewater into water bodies at elevated concentrations is considered lethal to living organisms. Excessive accumulation of metal ions in living tissue impedes the biological functions of vital organs resulting into health problems (Chandra and Mandal, 2000; Jiang et al., 2010). Several treatment methods have been devised for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Adsorption technique is considered one of the effective low-cost methods for removal of heavy metals. Adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions has been studied using different adsorbents including clay (Sari et al., 2007; Adebowale et al., 2008; Dawodu and Akpomie, 2014). The use of kaolinite clay for adsorption is worthwhile because of its abundance in deposit especially in Nigeria (Olusola et al., 2011; Fakoluji et al., 2012). Kaolinite clay is a phyllosilicate clay mineral of interlayer structure type 1:1 with ideal structural formula of Al Si O (OH) (Barth, 1994; 2 2 5 4 Bergaya et al., 2006; Uddin, 2017). Several researchers have investigated the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on kaolinite 2+ clay. The data obtained from adsorption of Pb , 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Cu , Fe , Mn and Zn ions on kaolinite showed that there was favourable adsorption of the metal ions (Kamel et al., 2004). Investigation of 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ adsorption of Pb , Cu , Cd , and Zn ions on 2+ different clays have shown that Pb ion, has greater affinity for the clays than the other metal ions (Olaofe et al., 2015). Nigerian kaolinite clay https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.1","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78641410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
107 Ife Journal of Science vol. 22, no. 3 (2020) INTRODUCTION Wara is an unripened cheese consumed in several parts of West Africa. Wara is prepared by coagulating fresh cow milk with Sodom apple (Calotropis procera) leaf extract (Adetunji et al., 2007). Wara processing involves the use of rudimentary equipment, in many cases, starter cultures are not used and the processing conditions are not normally standardized. In an attempt to optimize the processing conditions and improve on its quality, an alternative coagulant “lemon juice” was introduced into the production of wara to reduce microbial load (Adetunji et al., 2007). The manufacture of wara is widespread in Nigeria and a similar cheese called 'Wogachi' is made in the northern provinces of Benin republic, a French speaking country to the west of Nigeria. The Fulanis of northern Nigeria are traditionally cattle rearers and they have access to excess fresh milk (from Zebu Bos indicus cattles) used in the production of traditional milk products which include wara. Wara making, which started in the northern region of Nigeria, has spread to other parts of Nigeria such as Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, Ekiti, Osun and the Benin Republic because of the nomadic life style of the Fulanis (Bamidele, 2006). Milk products prepared by lactic acid fermentation (e.g. yoghurt) or a combination of this and yeast fermentation (e.g. Kefir) are called fermented or cultured milks (Teshome, 2015). Fermented milk is the collective name for products such as yoghurt, ymer, kefir, cultured buttermilk, filmjölk (Scandinavian sour milk), cultured cream and koumiss (a product based on mares' milk). The generic name of fermented milk is derived from the fact that the milk for the product is inoculated with a starter culture which converts part of the lactose to lactic acid (Teshome, 2015). Dependent on the type of lactic acid bacteria used, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, diacetyl, acetaldehyde and several other substances are formed in the conversion process, and these give the products their characteristic fresh taste and aroma. The first example of fermented milk was presumably produced accidentally by nomads (Shah and Ravula, 2000). This milk turned sour and coagulated under the influence of probiotic microorganisms. The https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.9
《生命科学》vol. 22, no. 7。Wara是一种未成熟的奶酪，在西非的一些地区都有食用。Wara是由新鲜牛奶和索多玛苹果(Calotropis procera)叶子提取物凝固而成的(Adetunji et al, 2007)。Wara加工涉及使用简陋的设备，在许多情况下，不使用发酵剂，加工条件通常不标准化。为了优化加工条件，提高其质量，在wara生产中引入了一种替代混凝剂“柠檬汁”，以减少微生物负荷(Adetunji et al.， 2007)。瓦拉奶酪的生产在尼日利亚很普遍，而在尼日利亚西部讲法语的贝宁共和国的北部省份，也生产一种类似的奶酪，名为“Wogachi”。尼日利亚北部的富拉尼人传统上是养牛的，他们可以获得多余的鲜奶(来自Zebu Bos indicus牛)，用于生产包括wara在内的传统乳制品。Wara制作始于尼日利亚北部地区，由于富拉尼人的游牧生活方式，已经传播到尼日利亚的其他地区，如Oyo、Ogun、Ondo、Ekiti、Osun和贝宁共和国(Bamidele, 2006)。通过乳酸发酵(如酸奶)或乳酸发酵与酵母发酵(如开菲尔)的结合制备的乳制品被称为发酵或培养乳(Teshome, 2015)。发酵乳是酸奶、酵母、开菲尔、培养酪乳、filmjölk(斯堪的纳维亚酸乳)、培养奶油和koumiss(一种基于马奶的产品)等产品的统称。发酵乳的通用名称源于这样一个事实，即该产品的牛奶接种了发酵剂，将部分乳糖转化为乳酸(Teshome, 2015)。根据所用乳酸菌的类型，在转化过程中会形成二氧化碳、乙酸、二乙酰、乙醛和其他几种物质，这些物质赋予了产品特有的新鲜味道和香气。发酵乳的第一个例子可能是由游牧民族偶然生产的(Shah和Ravula, 2000)。这种牛奶在益生菌微生物的作用下变酸并凝固。https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.9
{"title":"Effect of starter culture fermentation of milk on the production, sensory attributes and storage of Wara (a Nigerian unripened soft cheese)","authors":"W. Ajibola, S. Adeyemo, B. Omafuvbe","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.9","url":null,"abstract":"107 Ife Journal of Science vol. 22, no. 3 (2020) INTRODUCTION Wara is an unripened cheese consumed in several parts of West Africa. Wara is prepared by coagulating fresh cow milk with Sodom apple (Calotropis procera) leaf extract (Adetunji et al., 2007). Wara processing involves the use of rudimentary equipment, in many cases, starter cultures are not used and the processing conditions are not normally standardized. In an attempt to optimize the processing conditions and improve on its quality, an alternative coagulant “lemon juice” was introduced into the production of wara to reduce microbial load (Adetunji et al., 2007). The manufacture of wara is widespread in Nigeria and a similar cheese called 'Wogachi' is made in the northern provinces of Benin republic, a French speaking country to the west of Nigeria. The Fulanis of northern Nigeria are traditionally cattle rearers and they have access to excess fresh milk (from Zebu Bos indicus cattles) used in the production of traditional milk products which include wara. Wara making, which started in the northern region of Nigeria, has spread to other parts of Nigeria such as Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, Ekiti, Osun and the Benin Republic because of the nomadic life style of the Fulanis (Bamidele, 2006). Milk products prepared by lactic acid fermentation (e.g. yoghurt) or a combination of this and yeast fermentation (e.g. Kefir) are called fermented or cultured milks (Teshome, 2015). Fermented milk is the collective name for products such as yoghurt, ymer, kefir, cultured buttermilk, filmjölk (Scandinavian sour milk), cultured cream and koumiss (a product based on mares' milk). The generic name of fermented milk is derived from the fact that the milk for the product is inoculated with a starter culture which converts part of the lactose to lactic acid (Teshome, 2015). Dependent on the type of lactic acid bacteria used, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, diacetyl, acetaldehyde and several other substances are formed in the conversion process, and these give the products their characteristic fresh taste and aroma. The first example of fermented milk was presumably produced accidentally by nomads (Shah and Ravula, 2000). This milk turned sour and coagulated under the influence of probiotic microorganisms. The https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.9","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84505810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petrographical study of detrital and authigenic minerals from the Ajali Formation in the Benin flank of Anambra Basin was carried out with the aim of interpreting the textural characteristics and alteration patterns. Samples were collected from Ayowgiri sand quarry site and along Fugar-Agenebode road where good exposures of the Ajali Sandstone occurred. Heavy minerals were concentrated using bromoform according to standard procedures. The heavy mineral concentrates were mounted on glass slides with araldite glue. In addition, thin sections of sandstone were prepared. The samples were studied with the aid of polarizing microscopes. The textural features and relationships among the heavy minerals were used in the interpretations. The results indicate that the detrital heavy minerals (Fe-Ti oxides and garnet) have undergone a very low-temperature retrograde changes rather than ordinary in-situ dissolution by weathering and burial diagenesis. The alteration of Fe-Ti oxides resulted into the formation of leucoxene and chlorite while that of garnet resulted only into the formation of chlorite. Detrital magnetite was partially dissolved with skeletal remains while the authigenic grains showed well preserved structures. The re-equilibration of these minerals and partial dissolution were probably due to rise in temperature and change in the chemistry of the formation water. Reducing and acidic conditions at elevated temperature probably favoured dissolution and alteration of the detrital Fe-oxides while the formation of authigenic hematite was aided by oxidizing condition. Temperature increase was probably induced by either underneath thin lithospheric plate or igneous activities at the center of the basin. The conversion of the detrital minerals to authigenic chlorite and partial replacement structures represent a typical case of retrograde reaction which could be described as evidence of a very low-temperature anchi-metamorphism at mineral grain level.
{"title":"Low temperature grain-scale retrograde alteration of detrital minerals in Ajali formation from Benin Flank Of Anambra Basin, Nigeria","authors":"A. Adetunji, A. B. Alao-Daniel","doi":"10.4314/IJS.V22I3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJS.V22I3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Petrographical study of detrital and authigenic minerals from the Ajali Formation in the Benin flank of Anambra Basin was carried out with the aim of interpreting the textural characteristics and alteration patterns. Samples were collected from Ayowgiri sand quarry site and along Fugar-Agenebode road where good exposures of the Ajali Sandstone occurred. Heavy minerals were concentrated using bromoform according to standard procedures. The heavy mineral concentrates were mounted on glass slides with araldite glue. In addition, thin sections of sandstone were prepared. The samples were studied with the aid of polarizing microscopes. The textural features and relationships among the heavy minerals were used in the interpretations. The results indicate that the detrital heavy minerals (Fe-Ti oxides and garnet) have undergone a very low-temperature retrograde changes rather than ordinary in-situ dissolution by weathering and burial diagenesis. The alteration of Fe-Ti oxides resulted into the formation of leucoxene and chlorite while that of garnet resulted only into the formation of chlorite. Detrital magnetite was partially dissolved with skeletal remains while the authigenic grains showed well preserved structures. The re-equilibration of these minerals and partial dissolution were probably due to rise in temperature and change in the chemistry of the formation water. Reducing and acidic conditions at elevated temperature probably favoured dissolution and alteration of the detrital Fe-oxides while the formation of authigenic hematite was aided by oxidizing condition. Temperature increase was probably induced by either underneath thin lithospheric plate or igneous activities at the center of the basin. The conversion of the detrital minerals to authigenic chlorite and partial replacement structures represent a typical case of retrograde reaction which could be described as evidence of a very low-temperature anchi-metamorphism at mineral grain level.","PeriodicalId":13487,"journal":{"name":"Ife Journal of Science","volume":"90 1","pages":"167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83927035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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