Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.1177/00197939221131558
A. Bernhardt, Lisa Kresge, Reem Suleiman
Employers increasingly use digital technologies in the workplace to capture and analyze worker data, electronically monitor their workers, and manage them using algorithms. In this article, the authors analyze employers’ use of data-driven systems in a diverse set of industries and identify a range of potential harms to workers, including bias and discrimination, de-skilling, unsafe work speeds, and loss of autonomy and dignity. In light of the current absence of regulation or oversight, the authors argue that workers deserve a robust set of 21st-century labor standards regarding digital technologies. They lay out a detailed public policy framework that establishes worker rights and employer responsibilities to ensure that the data-driven workplace benefits, rather than harms, workers.
{"title":"The Data-Driven Workplace and the Case for Worker Technology Rights","authors":"A. Bernhardt, Lisa Kresge, Reem Suleiman","doi":"10.1177/00197939221131558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221131558","url":null,"abstract":"Employers increasingly use digital technologies in the workplace to capture and analyze worker data, electronically monitor their workers, and manage them using algorithms. In this article, the authors analyze employers’ use of data-driven systems in a diverse set of industries and identify a range of potential harms to workers, including bias and discrimination, de-skilling, unsafe work speeds, and loss of autonomy and dignity. In light of the current absence of regulation or oversight, the authors argue that workers deserve a robust set of 21st-century labor standards regarding digital technologies. They lay out a detailed public policy framework that establishes worker rights and employer responsibilities to ensure that the data-driven workplace benefits, rather than harms, workers.","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"325 1","pages":"3 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80360729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-08DOI: 10.1177/00197939221129261
Zachary Parolin, Tom VanHeuvelen
Studies on labor union earnings premiums generally investigate their size through point-in-time estimates. This study posits, by contrast, that point-in-time estimates of the union premium overlook the cumulative earnings advantages of long-term, persistent union membership. Using a sample of men from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1969 to 2019, the authors investigate how lifetime union membership contributes to earnings advantages. They find, first, that unionization throughout one’s career is associated with a $1.3 million mean increase in lifetime earnings, larger than the average gains from completing college. Second, the lifetime earnings gains are channeled entirely through higher hourly wages and occur despite earlier-than-average retirement for persistently unionized men. Third, the union wage premium is not constant throughout a worker’s career; instead it increases with more years of union membership. The cumulative advantages of union membership for workers’ economic well-being are far greater than point-in-time estimates suggest.
对工会收入溢价的研究一般通过时间点估算来考察其规模。相比之下，本研究认为，对工会保费的时间点估计忽略了长期、持久的工会会员资格的累积收益优势。作者使用1969年至2019年收入动态小组研究(Panel Study of Income Dynamics)中的男性样本，调查了终身工会会员身份如何带来收入优势。他们发现，首先，在一个人的整个职业生涯中加入工会与一生平均收入增加130万美元有关，这比完成大学学业的平均收入增加还要多。其次，终身收入的增长完全是通过提高时薪来实现的，尽管长期加入工会的男性的退休时间比平均水平要早。第三，工会的工资溢价在一个工人的整个职业生涯中不是恒定的;相反，它会随着加入工会时间的增加而增加。工会会员资格对工人经济福利的累积好处远远大于对时间点的估计。
{"title":"The Cumulative Advantage of a Unionized Career for Lifetime Earnings","authors":"Zachary Parolin, Tom VanHeuvelen","doi":"10.1177/00197939221129261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221129261","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on labor union earnings premiums generally investigate their size through point-in-time estimates. This study posits, by contrast, that point-in-time estimates of the union premium overlook the cumulative earnings advantages of long-term, persistent union membership. Using a sample of men from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1969 to 2019, the authors investigate how lifetime union membership contributes to earnings advantages. They find, first, that unionization throughout one’s career is associated with a $1.3 million mean increase in lifetime earnings, larger than the average gains from completing college. Second, the lifetime earnings gains are channeled entirely through higher hourly wages and occur despite earlier-than-average retirement for persistently unionized men. Third, the union wage premium is not constant throughout a worker’s career; instead it increases with more years of union membership. The cumulative advantages of union membership for workers’ economic well-being are far greater than point-in-time estimates suggest.","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"54 1","pages":"434 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75667696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-08DOI: 10.1177/00197939221128753
Kevin J. Murphy
Beginning in 2012, several states enacted right-to-work laws, which hamper the ability of labor unions to collect agency fees to finance union services and activities. Because the processes by which these adoptions took place are arguably exogenous, identification of the causal effect of right-to-work on unionization within a state becomes possible. The author uses a set of semi-independent cross-sections drawn from the Current Population Survey for years 2000 to 2018 to investigate the impact of right-to-work on the probability of unionization in the five states that adopted it after 2011. The empirical analysis reveals an economically meaningful and statistically significant adverse effect from right-to-work adoption on union density that is distinct from other factors influencing unionization during that time period.
{"title":"What Are the Consequences of Right-to-Work for Union Membership?","authors":"Kevin J. Murphy","doi":"10.1177/00197939221128753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221128753","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning in 2012, several states enacted right-to-work laws, which hamper the ability of labor unions to collect agency fees to finance union services and activities. Because the processes by which these adoptions took place are arguably exogenous, identification of the causal effect of right-to-work on unionization within a state becomes possible. The author uses a set of semi-independent cross-sections drawn from the Current Population Survey for years 2000 to 2018 to investigate the impact of right-to-work on the probability of unionization in the five states that adopted it after 2011. The empirical analysis reveals an economically meaningful and statistically significant adverse effect from right-to-work adoption on union density that is distinct from other factors influencing unionization during that time period.","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"206 1","pages":"412 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85506143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen Liu, Weiwei Wang, Lingxiang Xia, Shuang Lin, Yining Wang
As a result of the recent decades of urbanization and industrialization, millions of people have migrated to cities in search of better work opportunities in China. Meanwhile, their children have often been left behind in the care of other family members. To classify the subtypes of antisocial behavior of the left-behind children, this qualitative study interviewed a total of 71 participants, including five groups: left-behind children, parents, teachers, principals and community workers. The findings showed that left-behind children's antisocial behavior is manifested as the type of limited adolescent antisocial behavior, and the three subtypes of left-behind children's antisocial behavior were rule-breaking behavior, delinquent behavior and criminal behavior. In addition, the development of children's antisocial behavior could range from general violations to delinquent behaviors and even to criminal behaviors.
{"title":"Left-Behind Children's Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior: A Qualitative Study in China.","authors":"Wen Liu, Weiwei Wang, Lingxiang Xia, Shuang Lin, Yining Wang","doi":"10.3390/bs12100349","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs12100349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a result of the recent decades of urbanization and industrialization, millions of people have migrated to cities in search of better work opportunities in China. Meanwhile, their children have often been left behind in the care of other family members. To classify the subtypes of antisocial behavior of the left-behind children, this qualitative study interviewed a total of 71 participants, including five groups: left-behind children, parents, teachers, principals and community workers. The findings showed that left-behind children's antisocial behavior is manifested as the type of limited adolescent antisocial behavior, and the three subtypes of left-behind children's antisocial behavior were rule-breaking behavior, delinquent behavior and criminal behavior. In addition, the development of children's antisocial behavior could range from general violations to delinquent behaviors and even to criminal behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86938534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1177/00197939221125200
Isil Erdinç
{"title":"Book Review: Mass Strikes and Social Movements in Brazil and India: Popular Mobilisation in the Long Depression, by Jörg Nowak","authors":"Isil Erdinç","doi":"10.1177/00197939221125200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221125200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"466 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91080008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1177/00197939221113247
Rosemary Batt, Lawrence E. Kahn
{"title":"ILR Review at 75: Editorial Changes and the Launch of “Novel Technologies at Work”","authors":"Rosemary Batt, Lawrence E. Kahn","doi":"10.1177/00197939221113247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221113247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"1095 - 1096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78813706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1177/00197939221120228
Brandon Hunter‐Pazzara
{"title":"Book Review: Porkopolis: American Animality, Standardized Life, and the Factory Farm, by Alex Blanchette","authors":"Brandon Hunter‐Pazzara","doi":"10.1177/00197939221120228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221120228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"463 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76962970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1177/00197939221120815
Nicos Moushouttas
mobilizations. Despite the citations from interviews, we cannot learn more about the biographical and demographical information on the interviewees. The author mentions the role of the migrant workers (especially in the Brazilian cases) and the inequalities concerning female workers (especially in the Indian cases). However, he focuses mainly on their status (contract or permanent), leaving the reader to wonder about the individual profiles of some of these workers (age, gender, ethnicity, family, education, and so forth). Who strikes and who does not? Some portraits of workers could have been useful to provide more information on which workers participated in strikes and mobilizations. Nonetheless, the book achieves and goes beyond its goals through a final discussion on what to do with the analysis of strikes and what happens after strikes. The author tries to answer the question of how the study of strikes in specific sectors and countries could contribute to the general literature on capitalism, right wing movements, and authoritarian regimes. By doing this, he puts into question the research that focuses on the limits of trade unions and that claims the trade unions no longer serve workers’ interests and/or are no longer capable of playing an important role in contentious politics. He states that the trade union format has been successful when it combined with other forms of organization. Nowak provides insight on the relations between trade unions and other types of social movements. His conclusions offer new perspectives to researchers who are working on recent mobilizations in europe, such as the Gilets Jaunes (yellow vests) movement. Unlike the literature criticizing the trade unions’ strategies on the one hand and promoting the Gilets Jaunes as a new actor representing working-class interests on the other, Nowak’s results on the Indian and the Brazilian strikes between 2010 and 2014 underline the relevance of the articulation of workplace conflicts with class relations beyond the workplace and with nonclass relations as it results in greater popular power.
{"title":"Book Review: Working Democracies: Managing Inequality in Worker Cooperatives, by Joan S. M. Meyers","authors":"Nicos Moushouttas","doi":"10.1177/00197939221120815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939221120815","url":null,"abstract":"mobilizations. Despite the citations from interviews, we cannot learn more about the biographical and demographical information on the interviewees. The author mentions the role of the migrant workers (especially in the Brazilian cases) and the inequalities concerning female workers (especially in the Indian cases). However, he focuses mainly on their status (contract or permanent), leaving the reader to wonder about the individual profiles of some of these workers (age, gender, ethnicity, family, education, and so forth). Who strikes and who does not? Some portraits of workers could have been useful to provide more information on which workers participated in strikes and mobilizations. Nonetheless, the book achieves and goes beyond its goals through a final discussion on what to do with the analysis of strikes and what happens after strikes. The author tries to answer the question of how the study of strikes in specific sectors and countries could contribute to the general literature on capitalism, right wing movements, and authoritarian regimes. By doing this, he puts into question the research that focuses on the limits of trade unions and that claims the trade unions no longer serve workers’ interests and/or are no longer capable of playing an important role in contentious politics. He states that the trade union format has been successful when it combined with other forms of organization. Nowak provides insight on the relations between trade unions and other types of social movements. His conclusions offer new perspectives to researchers who are working on recent mobilizations in europe, such as the Gilets Jaunes (yellow vests) movement. Unlike the literature criticizing the trade unions’ strategies on the one hand and promoting the Gilets Jaunes as a new actor representing working-class interests on the other, Nowak’s results on the Indian and the Brazilian strikes between 2010 and 2014 underline the relevance of the articulation of workplace conflicts with class relations beyond the workplace and with nonclass relations as it results in greater popular power.","PeriodicalId":13504,"journal":{"name":"ILR Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"468 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84825737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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