Liliwirianis Nawi, W. Zain., N. Ahmat, Che Puteh Osman, Yoshiaki Takaya, A. S. Kamarozaman, Noorazlina Adnan, Siti Zakirah Azahar
A phytochemical investigation of three species of Malaysian Dipterocarpus contributed to the isolation of 22 compounds which consist of 15 oligostilbenoids, 2 terpenes, 2 coumarins, and 3 flavonoids. The isolation of flavonoids in the Dipterocarpaceae family is very limited. Moreover, 4-methoxepigallocatechin-3-O-O-(3-methyl) gallate (20) was isolated for the first time in the plant. The occurrence of 4-O-methylgallocatechin (18) and its stereoisomer; 4-O’-methylepigallocatechin (19) was first reported in the Dipterocarpaceae family. This study also reported the existence of several types of oligostilbenoids such as davidiol A (8), stenophyllol B (9), isohopeaphenol (11), resveratrol (1), and ampelopsin E (10) which are the first occurrence in Dipterocarpus genus and suggested a significant chemotaxonomic relationship between Dipterocarpus, more closely to Vatica which is classified under Dipterocarpeae tribe.
{"title":"Chemotaxonomic Relationship of Oligomer Resveratrol in Three Malaysian Dipterocarpus Species from the Taxonomic Tribe of Dipterocarpaceae","authors":"Liliwirianis Nawi, W. Zain., N. Ahmat, Che Puteh Osman, Yoshiaki Takaya, A. S. Kamarozaman, Noorazlina Adnan, Siti Zakirah Azahar","doi":"10.22146/ijc.82848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.82848","url":null,"abstract":"A phytochemical investigation of three species of Malaysian Dipterocarpus contributed to the isolation of 22 compounds which consist of 15 oligostilbenoids, 2 terpenes, 2 coumarins, and 3 flavonoids. The isolation of flavonoids in the Dipterocarpaceae family is very limited. Moreover, 4-methoxepigallocatechin-3-O-O-(3-methyl) gallate (20) was isolated for the first time in the plant. The occurrence of 4-O-methylgallocatechin (18) and its stereoisomer; 4-O’-methylepigallocatechin (19) was first reported in the Dipterocarpaceae family. This study also reported the existence of several types of oligostilbenoids such as davidiol A (8), stenophyllol B (9), isohopeaphenol (11), resveratrol (1), and ampelopsin E (10) which are the first occurrence in Dipterocarpus genus and suggested a significant chemotaxonomic relationship between Dipterocarpus, more closely to Vatica which is classified under Dipterocarpeae tribe.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pentazocine is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pains. The real analysis for the pharmaceutical products containing pentazocine is basically to ensure the correct dose and patient safety. This study developed and validated an improved high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in the selective and accurate quantification of pentazocine. Two-dimensional (2D) HPLC technique is employed to enhance the resolution and selectivity compared to conventional HPLC methods. The 2D-HPLC instrumentation consists of two C18 columns coupling with a switching valve to capture fractions from the first column, which is analyzed in the second column. The mobile phase was optimized to 45% acetonitrile and 55% water with 0.1% phosphoric acid. The method was validated in the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and shows excellent linearity (R2=0.998), limit of detection of 1.58 μg/L, accuracy of 97.70–102.50%, and precision by relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.02–4.20%. Selectivity was verified in resolving pentazocine from paracetamol, caffeine, ibuprofen, and oxycodone in laboratory mixtures. The utility of the 2D-HPLC method was demonstrated by accurate quantification of pentazocine in pharmaceutical injections and tablets unaffected in excipients. This research provides a rich validating technique to enhance the quality control testing of pharmaceuticals containing pentazocine.
{"title":"Validation of An Efficient 2D-HPLC Method for The Determination of Pentazocine","authors":"Maha Thamer Ahmed","doi":"10.22146/ijc.87947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.87947","url":null,"abstract":"Pentazocine is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pains. The real analysis for the pharmaceutical products containing pentazocine is basically to ensure the correct dose and patient safety. This study developed and validated an improved high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in the selective and accurate quantification of pentazocine. Two-dimensional (2D) HPLC technique is employed to enhance the resolution and selectivity compared to conventional HPLC methods. The 2D-HPLC instrumentation consists of two C18 columns coupling with a switching valve to capture fractions from the first column, which is analyzed in the second column. The mobile phase was optimized to 45% acetonitrile and 55% water with 0.1% phosphoric acid. The method was validated in the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and shows excellent linearity (R2=0.998), limit of detection of 1.58 μg/L, accuracy of 97.70–102.50%, and precision by relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.02–4.20%. Selectivity was verified in resolving pentazocine from paracetamol, caffeine, ibuprofen, and oxycodone in laboratory mixtures. The utility of the 2D-HPLC method was demonstrated by accurate quantification of pentazocine in pharmaceutical injections and tablets unaffected in excipients. This research provides a rich validating technique to enhance the quality control testing of pharmaceuticals containing pentazocine.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benny Wahyudianto, Wahyu Saptrio Putro, T. T. Nguyen, N. Fukaya, Sho Kataoka
Tetra-alkoxysilane (TROS) is one of the useful chemicals and it can be processed to produce semiconductor and photovoltaic devices. Now, the transformation of silica (SiO2) to TROS is garnering interest due to the potential of extracting it from biomass. As the 14th largest country, Indonesia possesses an abundant source of SiO2 from mining activities and agricultural waste, notably rice husk (RH). However, only a little concrete action is planned for leveraging RH into a more valuable industrial substance. This review will explain two routes for TROS—conventional and direct—comparing their respective benefits and drawbacks. Additionally, it presents a simulation of various scenarios for scaling TROS production to an industrial level, considering technoeconomic and environmental assessment aspects. The focus then shifts to Indonesia’s strategic trajectory for 2045, offering recommendations to enhance resource utilization for economic and national development.
{"title":"The Potential Perspective of Processing Rice Husk as SiO2 Source to Tetraalkoxysilane in Indonesia","authors":"Benny Wahyudianto, Wahyu Saptrio Putro, T. T. Nguyen, N. Fukaya, Sho Kataoka","doi":"10.22146/ijc.92862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.92862","url":null,"abstract":"Tetra-alkoxysilane (TROS) is one of the useful chemicals and it can be processed to produce semiconductor and photovoltaic devices. Now, the transformation of silica (SiO2) to TROS is garnering interest due to the potential of extracting it from biomass. As the 14th largest country, Indonesia possesses an abundant source of SiO2 from mining activities and agricultural waste, notably rice husk (RH). However, only a little concrete action is planned for leveraging RH into a more valuable industrial substance. This review will explain two routes for TROS—conventional and direct—comparing their respective benefits and drawbacks. Additionally, it presents a simulation of various scenarios for scaling TROS production to an industrial level, considering technoeconomic and environmental assessment aspects. The focus then shifts to Indonesia’s strategic trajectory for 2045, offering recommendations to enhance resource utilization for economic and national development.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modification of a natural zeolite from Klaten, Indonesia, as a catalyst in the dehydration of ethanol to produce diethyl ether (DEE) has been conducted. Raw Klaten natural zeolite (ZA) was modified using 1 and 2 M of an ammonium chloride solution for 24 h while stirring for 18 h, then calcined at 500 °C for 5 h under N2 gas flow produced HZA1 and HZA2 catalyst, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR and gravimetric acidity test using ammonia-based vapor. The dehydration process was conducted under variations of temperature (200, 250, and 300 °C) and catalyst mass of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g for 20 mL of 96% ethanol. The HZA1 catalyst produced the highest yield of DEE (2.41%) at 250 °C and 0.1 g catalyst. This catalyst showed needle-like of 66.22 nm crystal size, consisting of 32.57% mordenite, the highest surface area (48.32 m2/g), crystallinity (32.93%) and Brønsted acid sites (2.75 mmol/g), the lowest pore diameter (1.77 nm) and Si/Al mol ratio (4.03). The HZA1 catalyst can be used repetitively and produced DEE yield at the second and third runs (2.40 and 2.61%).
{"title":"Modification of Natural Zeolite from Klaten, Indonesia Using Ammonium Chloride by Ion-Exchange and Its Application as Catalyst in Ethanol Dehydration to Produce Diethyl Ether","authors":"Zaira Adila, W. Trisunaryanti, T. Triyono","doi":"10.22146/ijc.90279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.90279","url":null,"abstract":"Modification of a natural zeolite from Klaten, Indonesia, as a catalyst in the dehydration of ethanol to produce diethyl ether (DEE) has been conducted. Raw Klaten natural zeolite (ZA) was modified using 1 and 2 M of an ammonium chloride solution for 24 h while stirring for 18 h, then calcined at 500 °C for 5 h under N2 gas flow produced HZA1 and HZA2 catalyst, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR and gravimetric acidity test using ammonia-based vapor. The dehydration process was conducted under variations of temperature (200, 250, and 300 °C) and catalyst mass of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g for 20 mL of 96% ethanol. The HZA1 catalyst produced the highest yield of DEE (2.41%) at 250 °C and 0.1 g catalyst. This catalyst showed needle-like of 66.22 nm crystal size, consisting of 32.57% mordenite, the highest surface area (48.32 m2/g), crystallinity (32.93%) and Brønsted acid sites (2.75 mmol/g), the lowest pore diameter (1.77 nm) and Si/Al mol ratio (4.03). The HZA1 catalyst can be used repetitively and produced DEE yield at the second and third runs (2.40 and 2.61%).","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140781928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma Babikir, Sahar Abdalla, Wefag Mohamed, Yunusa Umar
The molecular structure, energetic properties, electronic, and vibrational spectroscopy of meta-substituted phenyl dialumene, DPD (Ar–Al=Al–Ar; Ar of the formula C6H5X2, where X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, NO2, and COOH) are investigated by DFT. The singlet states of unsubstituted and substituted DPD adopt trans-planar geometry, while the triplet states adopt non-planar trans-bent geometry. The Al=Al bond length of unsubstituted DPD-H in a singlet state is calculated to be 2.734 Å, and there is no systematic and significant change upon substitution (2.734–2.744 Å). The substitution affects the absolute energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, and reorganization energy. The wavelength of maximum absorbance of DPD-H is determined to be 443 nm, and the substitute analogues DPD-X (X = OH, F, Cl, Br, NO2, CHO, COOH) show a hypsochromic shift, while DPD-CH3 and DPD-NH2 exhibit a bathochromic effect. The HOMO to LUMO+1 transition is the major transition for the meta-substituted DPD, except for X=NO2, where the transition is to LUMO+2. Considering the reorganization energy values, meta-substituted DPD can be useful as hole transporters. In addition, the theoretical data will aid in predicting the behavior of this class of compounds, facilitating the design and synthesis of similar compounds with desired properties.
{"title":"The Impact of Substitution of Diphenyl Dialumene on the Molecular Structure and Energetic Properties","authors":"Salma Babikir, Sahar Abdalla, Wefag Mohamed, Yunusa Umar","doi":"10.22146/ijc.90006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.90006","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular structure, energetic properties, electronic, and vibrational spectroscopy of meta-substituted phenyl dialumene, DPD (Ar–Al=Al–Ar; Ar of the formula C6H5X2, where X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, NO2, and COOH) are investigated by DFT. The singlet states of unsubstituted and substituted DPD adopt trans-planar geometry, while the triplet states adopt non-planar trans-bent geometry. The Al=Al bond length of unsubstituted DPD-H in a singlet state is calculated to be 2.734 Å, and there is no systematic and significant change upon substitution (2.734–2.744 Å). The substitution affects the absolute energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, and reorganization energy. The wavelength of maximum absorbance of DPD-H is determined to be 443 nm, and the substitute analogues DPD-X (X = OH, F, Cl, Br, NO2, CHO, COOH) show a hypsochromic shift, while DPD-CH3 and DPD-NH2 exhibit a bathochromic effect. The HOMO to LUMO+1 transition is the major transition for the meta-substituted DPD, except for X=NO2, where the transition is to LUMO+2. Considering the reorganization energy values, meta-substituted DPD can be useful as hole transporters. In addition, the theoretical data will aid in predicting the behavior of this class of compounds, facilitating the design and synthesis of similar compounds with desired properties.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dwiky Ramadhani Kurniawati, S. Sismindari, R. Rumiyati, Fajar Setyo Wibowo, N. Pebriyanti, I. Irnawati, Abdul Rohman
Macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis) meat (MM) has been reported to be consumed as meatball and soup products in Indonesia. MM is not allowed to be traded in Indonesia and is considered not halal meat; therefore, MM is not allowed to be consumed by Muslim communities. In this study, species-specific primer (SSP) targeting on mitochondrial displacement (D-loop) region coupled with real-time PCR assay was used to identify monkey meat in beef meatballs. The PCR product was also subjected to sequencing in order to ensure the adulteration practice of MM in beef meatballs. The primers were designed and subjected to in silico specificity test using BLAST. The used primers were: forward: 5’-TGACTCCCACCACATCCC-3’ and reverse: 5’-GTGTGGAGCTAGAATATTGAACCG-3’. Real-time PCR assay using SSP targeting on mt-D-loop primers was capable of identifying MM in meatball products, specifically with a detection limit of 0.0078 ng corresponding to 1% MM in beef meatballs. The developed method can be proposed as the standard method for detecting MM in food products intended for halal authentication analysis, provided that DNAs are available in food products.
{"title":"Specific Real-Time PCR Assay Targeting D-loop Gene and Short Amplicon Sequencing for Identification of Monkey Meat in Beef Meatballs","authors":"Dwiky Ramadhani Kurniawati, S. Sismindari, R. Rumiyati, Fajar Setyo Wibowo, N. Pebriyanti, I. Irnawati, Abdul Rohman","doi":"10.22146/ijc.77003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.77003","url":null,"abstract":"Macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis) meat (MM) has been reported to be consumed as meatball and soup products in Indonesia. MM is not allowed to be traded in Indonesia and is considered not halal meat; therefore, MM is not allowed to be consumed by Muslim communities. In this study, species-specific primer (SSP) targeting on mitochondrial displacement (D-loop) region coupled with real-time PCR assay was used to identify monkey meat in beef meatballs. The PCR product was also subjected to sequencing in order to ensure the adulteration practice of MM in beef meatballs. The primers were designed and subjected to in silico specificity test using BLAST. The used primers were: forward: 5’-TGACTCCCACCACATCCC-3’ and reverse: 5’-GTGTGGAGCTAGAATATTGAACCG-3’. Real-time PCR assay using SSP targeting on mt-D-loop primers was capable of identifying MM in meatball products, specifically with a detection limit of 0.0078 ng corresponding to 1% MM in beef meatballs. The developed method can be proposed as the standard method for detecting MM in food products intended for halal authentication analysis, provided that DNAs are available in food products.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140780854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Iftitah, Warsito Warsito, Vivi Nurhadianty, Fitri Ariadna Sodi Miranda, Rafika Nur Hafidah
This study examines the efficiency of non-conventional extraction methods to obtain trans-anethole from Illicium verum using single and combination extraction techniques: microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and enzyme assisted extraction (EAE) employing lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. All extraction methods were conducted using 96% ethanol (1:5 w/v) with varying time durations. The resulting product was an oleoresin, subsequently analyzed and separated using thin liquid chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography employing a solvent mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate in a 9:1 ratio and identified via gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). The results revealed that trans-anethole yields from a single extraction method were 30.76% (MAE), 41.05% (UAE), and 40.90% (EAE). The combination of extraction methods, such as MAE-UAE, MAE-EAE, and UAE-EAE, produced trans-anethole yields of approximately 42.73%, 52.80%, and 45.02% respectively, surpassing the yields of the single extraction method. Notably, the triple extraction method of MAE-UAE-EAE yielded the highest trans-anethole content at 56.00%. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus was performed on all samples. The trans-anethole demonstrating the highest inhibitory effect was obtained from the double extraction method, particularly the combination of UAE-EAE. These results underscore the synergistic efficiency of combining microwave, ultrasound, and enzymatic extraction methods, highlighting their superior efficacy in obtaining trans-anethole.
{"title":"Extraction of trans-Anethole from Star Anise (Illicium verum) Using Combination of Microwave, Ultrasonic, and Enzyme Assisted Methods and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity","authors":"E. Iftitah, Warsito Warsito, Vivi Nurhadianty, Fitri Ariadna Sodi Miranda, Rafika Nur Hafidah","doi":"10.22146/ijc.79341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79341","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the efficiency of non-conventional extraction methods to obtain trans-anethole from Illicium verum using single and combination extraction techniques: microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and enzyme assisted extraction (EAE) employing lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. All extraction methods were conducted using 96% ethanol (1:5 w/v) with varying time durations. The resulting product was an oleoresin, subsequently analyzed and separated using thin liquid chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography employing a solvent mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate in a 9:1 ratio and identified via gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). The results revealed that trans-anethole yields from a single extraction method were 30.76% (MAE), 41.05% (UAE), and 40.90% (EAE). The combination of extraction methods, such as MAE-UAE, MAE-EAE, and UAE-EAE, produced trans-anethole yields of approximately 42.73%, 52.80%, and 45.02% respectively, surpassing the yields of the single extraction method. Notably, the triple extraction method of MAE-UAE-EAE yielded the highest trans-anethole content at 56.00%. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus was performed on all samples. The trans-anethole demonstrating the highest inhibitory effect was obtained from the double extraction method, particularly the combination of UAE-EAE. These results underscore the synergistic efficiency of combining microwave, ultrasound, and enzymatic extraction methods, highlighting their superior efficacy in obtaining trans-anethole.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Berberine's (Ber’s) lower water solubility, which leads to low bioavailability, poses substantial delivery-related barriers to its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, a new approach to improving Ber's delivery and bioavailability is required. In this study, a Pluronic F127 micelle containing Ber (mBer) was formulated using thin-film hydration technique with the intention of resolving challenging issues associated with Ber delivery. The micelle was tested for drug loading and retention efficiency, size, zeta potential, shape, in vitro release, and in vitro toxicity. The spherical micelles that were made had an average encapsulation efficiency of 85%, a hydrodynamic size of 82.2 nm, a polydispersity of 0.176, and a zeta potential of −47.4 mV. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that Ber was physically entrapped and in an amorphous state within the synthesized micelles. Compared to the free Ber solution, the in vitro release of Ber from micelles exhibited both short-term rapid release and sustained release. The mBer was shown to be relatively non-toxic to blood cells via an in vitro hemolysis assay. Our findings showed that polymeric F127 micelles could be a simple nanocarrier for Ber delivery, which can be used to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of Ber.
小檗碱（Ber's）的水溶性较低，导致生物利用率较低，这对其治疗效果构成了很大的输送障碍。因此，需要一种新的方法来改善小檗碱的输送和生物利用率。本研究采用薄膜水合技术配制了含有 Ber 的 Pluronic F127 胶束（mBer），旨在解决与 Ber 给药相关的难题。研究人员对胶束的药物负载和保留效率、尺寸、ZETA电位、形状、体外释放和体外毒性进行了测试。制成的球形胶束的平均封装效率为 85%，流体力学尺寸为 82.2 nm，多分散性为 0.176，zeta 电位为 -47.4 mV。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）的结果表明，Ber 在合成胶束中处于物理夹带和无定形状态。与游离 Ber 溶液相比，胶束对 Ber 的体外释放表现出短期快速释放和持续释放两种特性。体外溶血试验表明，mBer 对血细胞相对无毒。我们的研究结果表明，聚合物 F127 胶束可以作为一种简单的纳米载体来递送 Ber，从而提高 Ber 的治疗效果。
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of a Pluronic F127 Polymeric Micelle as a Nanocarrier for Berberine Delivery","authors":"N. Alyasari, A. Almzaiel","doi":"10.22146/ijc.88109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.88109","url":null,"abstract":"Berberine's (Ber’s) lower water solubility, which leads to low bioavailability, poses substantial delivery-related barriers to its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, a new approach to improving Ber's delivery and bioavailability is required. In this study, a Pluronic F127 micelle containing Ber (mBer) was formulated using thin-film hydration technique with the intention of resolving challenging issues associated with Ber delivery. The micelle was tested for drug loading and retention efficiency, size, zeta potential, shape, in vitro release, and in vitro toxicity. The spherical micelles that were made had an average encapsulation efficiency of 85%, a hydrodynamic size of 82.2 nm, a polydispersity of 0.176, and a zeta potential of −47.4 mV. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that Ber was physically entrapped and in an amorphous state within the synthesized micelles. Compared to the free Ber solution, the in vitro release of Ber from micelles exhibited both short-term rapid release and sustained release. The mBer was shown to be relatively non-toxic to blood cells via an in vitro hemolysis assay. Our findings showed that polymeric F127 micelles could be a simple nanocarrier for Ber delivery, which can be used to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of Ber.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxidative coupling reaction is one of the simplest and fastest spectrophotometric methods for measuring sodium sulfacetamide (SCS) in pure formulations and pharmaceutical formulations (eye ointment) when compared to other methods that require difficult and costly operating conditions. Here, a new approach for quantifying SCS drug spectrophotometrically by oxidative coupling was described. The research is based on the oxidation of the drug with potassium periodate and then conjugation with pyrocatechol reagent in the neutral medium, which results in a water-soluble and stable reddish-brown product that had an absorption band at 500.5 nm. In this work, oxidant agent quantity, coupling reagent quantity, oxidation time, temperature effect, stoichiometry between SCS and pyrocatechol, interference effect, and calibration curve were all studied. Beer's law linearity ranged from 6.25–112.5 µg mL−1. The molar absorptivity, Sandell’s index, detection limit, determination coefficient, and average recovery percentage were 5185.7 L mol−1 cm−1, 0.049 μg cm−2, 0.0889 µg mL−1, 0.9988, and 100.34% respectively. The determination of sulfacetamide in pharmaceutical preparation eye, ointment was successful using this method.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Sodium Sulfacetamide Using Pyrocatechol as an Oxidative Coupling Agent","authors":"Marib Ismail Ali, I. Humei̇dy","doi":"10.22146/ijc.85846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.85846","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative coupling reaction is one of the simplest and fastest spectrophotometric methods for measuring sodium sulfacetamide (SCS) in pure formulations and pharmaceutical formulations (eye ointment) when compared to other methods that require difficult and costly operating conditions. Here, a new approach for quantifying SCS drug spectrophotometrically by oxidative coupling was described. The research is based on the oxidation of the drug with potassium periodate and then conjugation with pyrocatechol reagent in the neutral medium, which results in a water-soluble and stable reddish-brown product that had an absorption band at 500.5 nm. In this work, oxidant agent quantity, coupling reagent quantity, oxidation time, temperature effect, stoichiometry between SCS and pyrocatechol, interference effect, and calibration curve were all studied. Beer's law linearity ranged from 6.25–112.5 µg mL−1. The molar absorptivity, Sandell’s index, detection limit, determination coefficient, and average recovery percentage were 5185.7 L mol−1 cm−1, 0.049 μg cm−2, 0.0889 µg mL−1, 0.9988, and 100.34% respectively. The determination of sulfacetamide in pharmaceutical preparation eye, ointment was successful using this method.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanda Putra Fauzi, Rian Kurniawan, S. Sudiono, Niko Prasetyo, A. Syoufian
Codoping of nitrogen and copper into zirconium titanate composite (Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4) was carried out through a sol-gel process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of copper and nitrogen dopants on the photocatalytic activity of ZrTiO4 composite in degrading phenol. To prepare the composite, an aqueous suspension of zirconia (ZrO2) alongside a fixed amount of urea and various amount of copper sulfate was added dropwise into diluted titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in ethanol. The composites were calcined at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, and specular reflectance UV-visible spectrophotometry (SR UV-vis) were used for their characterization of composite. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by adding the composite into a 10 mg L−1 phenol solution for various irradiation time spans. The remaining concentration of phenol solution was determined by absorption at 269 nm. Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 composite containing 5% Cu calcined at 500 °C demonstrated the highest observed rate constant and a significant band gap decrease from 3.13 to 2.68 eV.
通过溶胶-凝胶工艺在钛酸锆复合材料（Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4）中掺入氮和铜。本研究旨在探讨铜和氮掺杂剂对 ZrTiO4 复合材料降解苯酚的光催化活性的影响。为了制备这种复合材料，将氧化锆（ZrO2）的水悬浮液与一定量的尿素和不同量的硫酸铜一起滴加到乙醇中稀释的四（IV）异丙醇钛（TTIP）中。复合材料分别在 500、700 和 900 °C 的温度下煅烧。复合材料的表征采用了傅立叶变换红外分光光度法（FTIR）、X 射线衍射法（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线（SEM-EDX）图谱以及镜面反射紫外可见分光光度法（SR UV-vis）。在 10 mg L-1 苯酚溶液中加入该复合材料，在不同的辐照时间跨度下进行光催化活性评估。苯酚溶液的剩余浓度通过 269 纳米波长的吸收率来测定。在 500 °C 煅烧的含 5% Cu 的 C-N 掺杂 ZrTiO4 复合材料的速率常数最高，带隙从 3.13 eV 显著降至 2.68 eV。
{"title":"Photodegradation of Phenol under Visible Light Irradiation Using Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 Composite as a High-Performance Photocatalyst","authors":"Wanda Putra Fauzi, Rian Kurniawan, S. Sudiono, Niko Prasetyo, A. Syoufian","doi":"10.22146/ijc.90365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.90365","url":null,"abstract":"Codoping of nitrogen and copper into zirconium titanate composite (Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4) was carried out through a sol-gel process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of copper and nitrogen dopants on the photocatalytic activity of ZrTiO4 composite in degrading phenol. To prepare the composite, an aqueous suspension of zirconia (ZrO2) alongside a fixed amount of urea and various amount of copper sulfate was added dropwise into diluted titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in ethanol. The composites were calcined at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, and specular reflectance UV-visible spectrophotometry (SR UV-vis) were used for their characterization of composite. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by adding the composite into a 10 mg L−1 phenol solution for various irradiation time spans. The remaining concentration of phenol solution was determined by absorption at 269 nm. Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 composite containing 5% Cu calcined at 500 °C demonstrated the highest observed rate constant and a significant band gap decrease from 3.13 to 2.68 eV.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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