Farzana Hai̇der, Gulam Nabi, K. Shah, Kafeel Khan, Haseeba Khan
In the present work, nanoparticles of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 were prepared using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plant leaf extract through co-precipitation method. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized through TGA, EDX, SEM, UV-Vis, XRD, and FTIR instruments. The electrochemical behavior of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 has been studied in DMF solution in the potential ranges from −1.5 to 1.5 V. The nanoparticles are thermally stable, according to the TGA, and the XRD patterns revealed that all the Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 particles were crystalline, with the mean sizes of 12.44, 34.61, and 31.63 nm, respectively. The cyclic voltammogram showed a cathodic peak (Epc) at 0.49 V with an anodic counterpart (Epa) at 0.49 V [E1/2 = 1.748 V]. The optical band gaps of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 were 3.8, 3.2 and 3.65 eV, owed a cathode. It is observed that the electrochemical behavior of Ni-Al2O3 was identical to that of Al2O3 and Cu-Al2O3. The anodic and cathodic peak values rise with the scan rate. The one-electron oxidation and reduction processes are reversible, as seen by the shifting cathodic peak value toward higher negative values. All cycles exhibit absorption has a constant anodic current. This result indicated the diffusion-based redox process.
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of Undoped and Doped Al2O3 Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaves Extract","authors":"Farzana Hai̇der, Gulam Nabi, K. Shah, Kafeel Khan, Haseeba Khan","doi":"10.22146/ijc.77418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.77418","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, nanoparticles of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 were prepared using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plant leaf extract through co-precipitation method. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized through TGA, EDX, SEM, UV-Vis, XRD, and FTIR instruments. The electrochemical behavior of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 has been studied in DMF solution in the potential ranges from −1.5 to 1.5 V. The nanoparticles are thermally stable, according to the TGA, and the XRD patterns revealed that all the Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 particles were crystalline, with the mean sizes of 12.44, 34.61, and 31.63 nm, respectively. The cyclic voltammogram showed a cathodic peak (Epc) at 0.49 V with an anodic counterpart (Epa) at 0.49 V [E1/2 = 1.748 V]. The optical band gaps of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 were 3.8, 3.2 and 3.65 eV, owed a cathode. It is observed that the electrochemical behavior of Ni-Al2O3 was identical to that of Al2O3 and Cu-Al2O3. The anodic and cathodic peak values rise with the scan rate. The one-electron oxidation and reduction processes are reversible, as seen by the shifting cathodic peak value toward higher negative values. All cycles exhibit absorption has a constant anodic current. This result indicated the diffusion-based redox process.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47721113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. B. Mat Piah, M. Ahmad, Erna Normaya Abdullah, M. Muzakkar
This review focuses on the modification of the inherent brittleness of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to increase its toughness, as well as recent advances in this field. The most often utilized toughening methods are melt blending, plasticization, and rubber toughening. The process of selecting a toughening scheme is still difficult, although it directly affects the blend's mechanical properties. There has been a lot of development, but there is still a long way to go before we get easily processable, totally bio-based, 100% biodegradable PLA. The blends of PLA with other polymers, such as plasticizers or rubber, are often incompatible with one another, which causes the blend's individual components to behave in a manner consistent with phase separation. Polymer blending has been shown to be particularly effective in attaining high-impact strength. This review addresses the recent progress in improving the toughened PLA to gain properties necessary for the material's future engineering applications. As 3D and 4D printing becomes more accessible, PLA characteristics may be modified and treated utilizing more sophisticated production techniques.
{"title":"Modifications of Poly(lactic Acid) with Blends and Plasticization for Tenacity and Toughness Improvement","authors":"M. B. Mat Piah, M. Ahmad, Erna Normaya Abdullah, M. Muzakkar","doi":"10.22146/ijc.80830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.80830","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on the modification of the inherent brittleness of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to increase its toughness, as well as recent advances in this field. The most often utilized toughening methods are melt blending, plasticization, and rubber toughening. The process of selecting a toughening scheme is still difficult, although it directly affects the blend's mechanical properties. There has been a lot of development, but there is still a long way to go before we get easily processable, totally bio-based, 100% biodegradable PLA. The blends of PLA with other polymers, such as plasticizers or rubber, are often incompatible with one another, which causes the blend's individual components to behave in a manner consistent with phase separation. Polymer blending has been shown to be particularly effective in attaining high-impact strength. This review addresses the recent progress in improving the toughened PLA to gain properties necessary for the material's future engineering applications. As 3D and 4D printing becomes more accessible, PLA characteristics may be modified and treated utilizing more sophisticated production techniques.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47325867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizky Riyami Putri, H. D. Pranowo, Y. S. Kurniawan, Hana Anisa Fatimi, J. Jumina
Malaria is an endemic disease in tropical countries, including Indonesia, with a high annual mortality rate. Because of that, serious attention shall be given to find new antimalarial agents that are highly active for medical treatment. In this work, we designed and synthesized three calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives and evaluated them as antimalarial agents through in vitro heme polymerization inhibitory assay. The calix[4]resorcinarenes were prepared from resorcinol and corresponding aldehyde derivatives in ethanol media through a cyclo-condensation reaction. The calix[4]resorcinarene products were obtained in 31.1–85.1% yield. The synthesized compounds were subjected to structure elucidation using spectroscopy techniques. The antimalarial activity of calix[4]resorcinarene with aromatic substituent (IC50 = 0.198 mg/mL) was higher than the aliphatic ones (IC50 = 0.282–0.814 mg/mL). It was found that all calix[4]resorcinarenes in this work exhibited stronger antimalarial activity than chloroquine diphosphate as the positive control (IC50 = 1.157 mg/mL). The calix[4]resorcinarenes could interact with hydrogen bonding, thus inhibiting the heme polymerization process. These findings demonstrate that calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives are potential antimalarial agents to be developed for effective medical treatment in the near future.
{"title":"Synthesis of Calix[4]resorcinarene Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents through Heme Polymerization Inhibition Assay","authors":"Rizky Riyami Putri, H. D. Pranowo, Y. S. Kurniawan, Hana Anisa Fatimi, J. Jumina","doi":"10.22146/ijc.81452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.81452","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is an endemic disease in tropical countries, including Indonesia, with a high annual mortality rate. Because of that, serious attention shall be given to find new antimalarial agents that are highly active for medical treatment. In this work, we designed and synthesized three calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives and evaluated them as antimalarial agents through in vitro heme polymerization inhibitory assay. The calix[4]resorcinarenes were prepared from resorcinol and corresponding aldehyde derivatives in ethanol media through a cyclo-condensation reaction. The calix[4]resorcinarene products were obtained in 31.1–85.1% yield. The synthesized compounds were subjected to structure elucidation using spectroscopy techniques. The antimalarial activity of calix[4]resorcinarene with aromatic substituent (IC50 = 0.198 mg/mL) was higher than the aliphatic ones (IC50 = 0.282–0.814 mg/mL). It was found that all calix[4]resorcinarenes in this work exhibited stronger antimalarial activity than chloroquine diphosphate as the positive control (IC50 = 1.157 mg/mL). The calix[4]resorcinarenes could interact with hydrogen bonding, thus inhibiting the heme polymerization process. These findings demonstrate that calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives are potential antimalarial agents to be developed for effective medical treatment in the near future.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48198346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silica from rice husks (RH) has been used as a starting ingredient in the sonication synthesis of MCM-41 (RH-MCM-41). The impregnation of Fe3+ into RH-MCM-41 pores to produce RH-MCM-41 containing Fe2O3 and Fe (denoted as Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41) was carried out by examining the effect of various Fe3+ concentrations on the weight percent of Fe-frameworks (Fe3+ that replaces Si4+ in silicate frameworks) and Fe-non-frameworks, i.e., the iron oxide formed outside the silicate frameworks. Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41 was washed with a 0.01 M HCl solution to remove Fe-non-frameworks from the materials and give Fe-RH-MCM-41 containing Fe-frameworks. The Fe content in Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41 (Fe-total) and Fe-RH-MCM-41 (Fe-frameworks) for each sample was determined by an AAS (atomic absorption spectrometer), whereas the content of Fe-non-frameworks was calculated from the difference between Fe-total and Fe-frameworks. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm profile, as well as the TEM (transmission electron microscope) image clearly demonstrate that the RH-MCM-41 exhibits an ordered p6mm hexagonal mesostructure with a large specific surface area and uniform pore size. Based on the weight percents of Fe-frameworks found in each sample, it is clear that the content of Fe-non-frameworks is significantly enhanced compared to that of Fe-frameworks when the more concentrated Fe3+ is used.
{"title":"Impregnation of Fe3+ into MCM-41 Pores: Effect of Fe3+ Concentration on the Weight Percent of Fe-Frameworks and Fe-Non-Frameworks","authors":"S. Suyanta, A. Kuncaka, M. Mudasir","doi":"10.22146/ijc.79468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79468","url":null,"abstract":"Silica from rice husks (RH) has been used as a starting ingredient in the sonication synthesis of MCM-41 (RH-MCM-41). The impregnation of Fe3+ into RH-MCM-41 pores to produce RH-MCM-41 containing Fe2O3 and Fe (denoted as Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41) was carried out by examining the effect of various Fe3+ concentrations on the weight percent of Fe-frameworks (Fe3+ that replaces Si4+ in silicate frameworks) and Fe-non-frameworks, i.e., the iron oxide formed outside the silicate frameworks. Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41 was washed with a 0.01 M HCl solution to remove Fe-non-frameworks from the materials and give Fe-RH-MCM-41 containing Fe-frameworks. The Fe content in Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41 (Fe-total) and Fe-RH-MCM-41 (Fe-frameworks) for each sample was determined by an AAS (atomic absorption spectrometer), whereas the content of Fe-non-frameworks was calculated from the difference between Fe-total and Fe-frameworks. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm profile, as well as the TEM (transmission electron microscope) image clearly demonstrate that the RH-MCM-41 exhibits an ordered p6mm hexagonal mesostructure with a large specific surface area and uniform pore size. Based on the weight percents of Fe-frameworks found in each sample, it is clear that the content of Fe-non-frameworks is significantly enhanced compared to that of Fe-frameworks when the more concentrated Fe3+ is used.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48448059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Areej. A. Jarullah, Nidhal Meteab Khamees, T. Musa
This study includes two parts, and the first was the preparation of the Zn(II)complex by reacting N-[4-(5-{(Z)-[(5-oxo-2-sulfanyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)imino]methyl}furan-2-yl)phenyl]acetamide with ZnCl2. The complex was characterized by using microscopic analysis such as UV-Vis spectrum, LC-MS, FTIR spectrophotometer, measurements of conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and atomic absorption. The second part was the preparation of the ZnO nanoparticles by dissolving the Zn(II) complex in HNO3 and HCl and its use as a drug transporter to treat leukemia. FSEM, TEM, and XRD were examined for the characterization of ZnO nanoparticles that will be used in the synthesis of most medicines and drugs in the future.
{"title":"Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticle and Utilized as a Drug Carrier to Treat Leukemia","authors":"Areej. A. Jarullah, Nidhal Meteab Khamees, T. Musa","doi":"10.22146/ijc.82208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.82208","url":null,"abstract":"This study includes two parts, and the first was the preparation of the Zn(II)complex by reacting N-[4-(5-{(Z)-[(5-oxo-2-sulfanyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)imino]methyl}furan-2-yl)phenyl]acetamide with ZnCl2. The complex was characterized by using microscopic analysis such as UV-Vis spectrum, LC-MS, FTIR spectrophotometer, measurements of conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and atomic absorption. The second part was the preparation of the ZnO nanoparticles by dissolving the Zn(II) complex in HNO3 and HCl and its use as a drug transporter to treat leukemia. FSEM, TEM, and XRD were examined for the characterization of ZnO nanoparticles that will be used in the synthesis of most medicines and drugs in the future.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48989452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. I. Badi'ah, N. N. T. Puspaningsih, G. Supriyanto, N. Nasronudin
The rapid, simple, and selective colorimetric sensing method of cortisol has been successfully developed using AuNPs modified with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AuNPs-AHMT). The principle of this method is based on the color change from wine red to purple (redshift) when AuNPs-AHMT interacts with cortisol. The hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group from cortisol and the amine group from AHMT induces the aggregation of AuNPs. The modification of the AuNPs surface with AHMT aims to increase its stability. The properties of AuNPs and AuNPs-AHMT were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The interaction between AuNPs-AHMT and cortisol was studied by UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopies. The proposed method was optimized and validated. Au(III) was reduced to AuNPs at an optimum NaBH4 concentration of 1.0 mM. Validation of the proposed method showed good analytical performance with linearity from 1.0–50.0 nM, accuracy 91.07–102.77%, intra-day precision < 2.22% and inter-day precision < 2.17%, detection limit 0.76 nM, quantification limit 2.54 nM, and sensitivity 0.0112 nM/mL. The proposed method also showed good selectivity with the presence of some interferences in the sample. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of cortisol in the saliva by the standard addition method with acceptable recovery.
{"title":"Rapid Colorimetric Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized 4-Amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole for Cortisol Detection in Saliva Sample","authors":"H. I. Badi'ah, N. N. T. Puspaningsih, G. Supriyanto, N. Nasronudin","doi":"10.22146/ijc.80874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.80874","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid, simple, and selective colorimetric sensing method of cortisol has been successfully developed using AuNPs modified with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AuNPs-AHMT). The principle of this method is based on the color change from wine red to purple (redshift) when AuNPs-AHMT interacts with cortisol. The hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group from cortisol and the amine group from AHMT induces the aggregation of AuNPs. The modification of the AuNPs surface with AHMT aims to increase its stability. The properties of AuNPs and AuNPs-AHMT were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The interaction between AuNPs-AHMT and cortisol was studied by UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopies. The proposed method was optimized and validated. Au(III) was reduced to AuNPs at an optimum NaBH4 concentration of 1.0 mM. Validation of the proposed method showed good analytical performance with linearity from 1.0–50.0 nM, accuracy 91.07–102.77%, intra-day precision < 2.22% and inter-day precision < 2.17%, detection limit 0.76 nM, quantification limit 2.54 nM, and sensitivity 0.0112 nM/mL. The proposed method also showed good selectivity with the presence of some interferences in the sample. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of cortisol in the saliva by the standard addition method with acceptable recovery.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41329941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fizrul Indra Lubis, Sudarjat Sudarjat, I. Bari, U. Supratman
The pollination process in oil palm is assisted by the insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus, which occurs when male and female flowers bloom producing volatile compounds that act as attractants. This study aims to identify volatile compounds in oil palm flowers based on differences in times with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The research steps include determining the time of the release of volatile compounds in oil palm flowers, extracted using steam distillation, and identification by GC-MS. There are different times of the release of volatile compounds for each type of oil palm flower. Three times by male flowers, at 08:00 am, 11:00 am and 14:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 14:00 pm. Meanwhile, female flowers occurred at 09:00 am, 12:00 am and 15:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 12:00 am. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that 21 and 19 volatile compounds were identified, with a total of 38 different types. Estragole compounds were dominant in both types of flowers and did not show significant differences in the area sum values at each time of observation. These results indicated the importance of estragole compound for the pollination process in oil palm.
{"title":"Identification of Volatile Compounds of Oil Palm Flower (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Based on the Difference in Time","authors":"Fizrul Indra Lubis, Sudarjat Sudarjat, I. Bari, U. Supratman","doi":"10.22146/ijc.78682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.78682","url":null,"abstract":"The pollination process in oil palm is assisted by the insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus, which occurs when male and female flowers bloom producing volatile compounds that act as attractants. This study aims to identify volatile compounds in oil palm flowers based on differences in times with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The research steps include determining the time of the release of volatile compounds in oil palm flowers, extracted using steam distillation, and identification by GC-MS. There are different times of the release of volatile compounds for each type of oil palm flower. Three times by male flowers, at 08:00 am, 11:00 am and 14:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 14:00 pm. Meanwhile, female flowers occurred at 09:00 am, 12:00 am and 15:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 12:00 am. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that 21 and 19 volatile compounds were identified, with a total of 38 different types. Estragole compounds were dominant in both types of flowers and did not show significant differences in the area sum values at each time of observation. These results indicated the importance of estragole compound for the pollination process in oil palm.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wayan Dasna, Dewi Mariyam, H. W. Wijaya, Ubed Sonai, Fahruddin Arrozi, Sugiarto Sugiarto
Three zinc(II) complexes containing 4-aminopyridine (4-NH2py) [Zn(4-NH2py)2(NCS)2] (1), [Zn(4-NH2py)2Cl2] (2), and [Zn(4-NH2py)2(NCS)Cl] (3) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes adopt a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry with different crystal packing. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmn space group, complex 2 in the monoclinic C2/c space group, and complex 3 in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. Non-covalent interactions such as NC-S···H, -Cl···H, and µ-µ stacking interaction between 4-NH2py and other ligands (NCS− and Cl−) are observed in the crystals packing. In vitro, antibacterial screening of all complexes was evaluated against two bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The results show that 1 has the highest antibacterial activity than 2 and 3. This difference is due to differences in the interactions elicited by the anion ligands.
{"title":"Synthesis, Structural Determination and Antibacterial Properties of Zinc(II) Complexes Containing 4-Aminopyridine Ligands","authors":"Wayan Dasna, Dewi Mariyam, H. W. Wijaya, Ubed Sonai, Fahruddin Arrozi, Sugiarto Sugiarto","doi":"10.22146/ijc.82801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.82801","url":null,"abstract":"Three zinc(II) complexes containing 4-aminopyridine (4-NH2py) [Zn(4-NH2py)2(NCS)2] (1), [Zn(4-NH2py)2Cl2] (2), and [Zn(4-NH2py)2(NCS)Cl] (3) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes adopt a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry with different crystal packing. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmn space group, complex 2 in the monoclinic C2/c space group, and complex 3 in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. Non-covalent interactions such as NC-S···H, -Cl···H, and µ-µ stacking interaction between 4-NH2py and other ligands (NCS− and Cl−) are observed in the crystals packing. In vitro, antibacterial screening of all complexes was evaluated against two bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The results show that 1 has the highest antibacterial activity than 2 and 3. This difference is due to differences in the interactions elicited by the anion ligands.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42876368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) fabrication has been carried out using a combination of dyes extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Anredera cordifolia. Each dye was extracted by treating pH 1 to 13 and then characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The band gap energy was determined by using the cyclic voltammetric method. The UV-Vis spectrum of C. xanthorrhiza extract reveals the presence of curcumin components. The UV-Vis spectrum of A. cordifolia indicates the presence of chlorophyll and a trace of anthocyanin. C. xanthorrhiza extract had the least band gap energy in the acid phase, pH 1, at 0.66 eV, and the alkaline phase, pH 13, at 0.43 eV. The minimum band gap energy of A. cordifolia extract was determined to be 0.96 eV in the acid phase, pH 7, and 0.65 eV in the alkaline phase, pH 12. When A. cordifolia and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were mixed, with the best composition ratios being pH 7:pH 1 (3:2 ≈ pH 1.7) and pH 12:pH 13 (1:4 ≈ pH 12.6). The composition of this mixture was applied to the DSSC resulting in an efficiency of 0.096 and 0.147%, respectively.
{"title":"Fabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Using Combination of Dyes Extracted from Curcuma (<i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i>) Rhizome and Binahong (<i>Anredera cordifolia</i>) Leaf with Treatment in pH of the Extraction","authors":"Pirim Setiarso, Rifanda Viantiano Harsono, Nita Kusumawati","doi":"10.22146/ijc.77860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.77860","url":null,"abstract":"Research on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) fabrication has been carried out using a combination of dyes extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Anredera cordifolia. Each dye was extracted by treating pH 1 to 13 and then characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The band gap energy was determined by using the cyclic voltammetric method. The UV-Vis spectrum of C. xanthorrhiza extract reveals the presence of curcumin components. The UV-Vis spectrum of A. cordifolia indicates the presence of chlorophyll and a trace of anthocyanin. C. xanthorrhiza extract had the least band gap energy in the acid phase, pH 1, at 0.66 eV, and the alkaline phase, pH 13, at 0.43 eV. The minimum band gap energy of A. cordifolia extract was determined to be 0.96 eV in the acid phase, pH 7, and 0.65 eV in the alkaline phase, pH 12. When A. cordifolia and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were mixed, with the best composition ratios being pH 7:pH 1 (3:2 ≈ pH 1.7) and pH 12:pH 13 (1:4 ≈ pH 12.6). The composition of this mixture was applied to the DSSC resulting in an efficiency of 0.096 and 0.147%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fitriani Fitriani, Irma Mulyani, Djulia Onggo, Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto, Ashis Bhattacharjee, Hiroki Akutsu, Anas Santria
The complex containing iron(II), 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (3-bpp) as ligand, and tetracyanonickelate as counter anion has been synthesized and characterized. The characterization data suggest the corresponding formula of [Fe(3-bpp)2][Ni(CN)4]·4H2O. Meanwhile, the SEM–EDX analysis image confirms the existence of all elements contained in the complex except the hydrogen atom. The infrared spectra exhibit vibration bands of the functional groups of 3-bpp ligand and [Ni(CN)4]−1 anion. From magnetic property measurement, the complex's molar magnetic susceptibility (XMT) value is 2.65 emu mol−1 K at 300 K, which contains about 75% high-spin state of the Fe(II) complex. Upon lowering the temperature, the XMT value gradually decreases around 1.37 emu mol−1 K at 13 K. It decreases sharply to about 0.73 emu mol−1 K at 2 K. These values reveal that Fe(II) complex is in the low-spin (LS) state. As a result, the complex exhibited spin-crossover characteristics of gradual transition without thermal hysteresis, and the transition temperature occurred below room temperature with a transition temperature (T1/2) close to 140 K. The spin crossover property of the complex is supported by a thermochromic reversible color change from red-brown at room temperature to dark brown on cooling in liquid nitrogen associated with the high-spin to low-spin transition.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Iron(II) Complex with 2,6-Bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine Ligand and Tetracyanonickelate Anion","authors":"Fitriani Fitriani, Irma Mulyani, Djulia Onggo, Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto, Ashis Bhattacharjee, Hiroki Akutsu, Anas Santria","doi":"10.22146/ijc.81625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.81625","url":null,"abstract":"The complex containing iron(II), 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (3-bpp) as ligand, and tetracyanonickelate as counter anion has been synthesized and characterized. The characterization data suggest the corresponding formula of [Fe(3-bpp)2][Ni(CN)4]·4H2O. Meanwhile, the SEM–EDX analysis image confirms the existence of all elements contained in the complex except the hydrogen atom. The infrared spectra exhibit vibration bands of the functional groups of 3-bpp ligand and [Ni(CN)4]−1 anion. From magnetic property measurement, the complex's molar magnetic susceptibility (XMT) value is 2.65 emu mol−1 K at 300 K, which contains about 75% high-spin state of the Fe(II) complex. Upon lowering the temperature, the XMT value gradually decreases around 1.37 emu mol−1 K at 13 K. It decreases sharply to about 0.73 emu mol−1 K at 2 K. These values reveal that Fe(II) complex is in the low-spin (LS) state. As a result, the complex exhibited spin-crossover characteristics of gradual transition without thermal hysteresis, and the transition temperature occurred below room temperature with a transition temperature (T1/2) close to 140 K. The spin crossover property of the complex is supported by a thermochromic reversible color change from red-brown at room temperature to dark brown on cooling in liquid nitrogen associated with the high-spin to low-spin transition.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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