Faathir Al Faath Rachmawati, B. Rusdiarso, E. S. Kunarti
One of the precious metals that has numerous applications is gold. Although it is non-toxic and biocompatible, the oxidized form, Au3+, is toxic and can cause damage to human organs. Detection of Au3+ becomes a necessary and interesting topic to be conducted. Colorimetric analysis using metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can analyze metal ions more simply, sensitively, and selectively than traditional methods. In this research, AgNPs were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ascorbic acid as stabilizers and reducing agents. The interaction between Au3+ and AgNPs selectively decreased the absorbance intensity of AgNPs and altered the color of colloidal AgNPs from yellow to colorless. These two phenomena indicated a redox reaction between Au3+ and AgNPs, leading to the decomposition of AgNPs. The decomposition of AgNPs (the proposed mechanism) was confirmed by TEM images and UV-vis spectra. The decrease in AgNPs’ absorbance intensity correlated linearly with the increase in added Au3+ concentration. The calibration curve of ∆A versus Au3+ ion concentration yielded LOD and LOQ of 0.404 and 1.347 μg/mL, respectively.
{"title":"Fast and Simple Au3+ Colorimetric Detection Using AgNPs and Investigating Its Reaction Mechanism","authors":"Faathir Al Faath Rachmawati, B. Rusdiarso, E. S. Kunarti","doi":"10.22146/ijc.84446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.84446","url":null,"abstract":"One of the precious metals that has numerous applications is gold. Although it is non-toxic and biocompatible, the oxidized form, Au3+, is toxic and can cause damage to human organs. Detection of Au3+ becomes a necessary and interesting topic to be conducted. Colorimetric analysis using metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can analyze metal ions more simply, sensitively, and selectively than traditional methods. In this research, AgNPs were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ascorbic acid as stabilizers and reducing agents. The interaction between Au3+ and AgNPs selectively decreased the absorbance intensity of AgNPs and altered the color of colloidal AgNPs from yellow to colorless. These two phenomena indicated a redox reaction between Au3+ and AgNPs, leading to the decomposition of AgNPs. The decomposition of AgNPs (the proposed mechanism) was confirmed by TEM images and UV-vis spectra. The decrease in AgNPs’ absorbance intensity correlated linearly with the increase in added Au3+ concentration. The calibration curve of ∆A versus Au3+ ion concentration yielded LOD and LOQ of 0.404 and 1.347 μg/mL, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Tran, Vien Vo, Vinh Q Dang, Giang N. L. Vo, Ta Ngoc Don, V. Doan, V. T. Le
Vaccines contain adjuvants to strengthen the immune responses of the receiver against pathogen infection or malignancy. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to give more robust antigen-specific responses, specific types of immune responses, and a high margin of safety. By changing the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, it is possible to make antigen-delivery systems with high bioavailability, controlled and sustained release patterns, and the ability to target and image. Nanomaterials can modulate the immune system so that cellular and humoral immune responses more closely resemble those desired. The use of nanoparticles as adjuvants is believed to significantly improve the immunological outcomes of vaccination because of the combination of their immunomodulatory and delivery effects. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in new adjuvants using nanomaterials. Based on three main vaccines, the subunit, DNA, and RNA vaccines, the possible ways that nanomaterials change the immune responses caused by vaccines, such as a charge on the surface or a change to the surface, and how they affect the immunological results have been studied. This study aims to provide succinct information on the use of nanomaterials for COVID-19 vaccines and possible new applications.
{"title":"Nanomaterial for Adjuvants Vaccine: Practical Applications and Prospects","authors":"V. Tran, Vien Vo, Vinh Q Dang, Giang N. L. Vo, Ta Ngoc Don, V. Doan, V. T. Le","doi":"10.22146/ijc.87940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.87940","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines contain adjuvants to strengthen the immune responses of the receiver against pathogen infection or malignancy. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to give more robust antigen-specific responses, specific types of immune responses, and a high margin of safety. By changing the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, it is possible to make antigen-delivery systems with high bioavailability, controlled and sustained release patterns, and the ability to target and image. Nanomaterials can modulate the immune system so that cellular and humoral immune responses more closely resemble those desired. The use of nanoparticles as adjuvants is believed to significantly improve the immunological outcomes of vaccination because of the combination of their immunomodulatory and delivery effects. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in new adjuvants using nanomaterials. Based on three main vaccines, the subunit, DNA, and RNA vaccines, the possible ways that nanomaterials change the immune responses caused by vaccines, such as a charge on the surface or a change to the surface, and how they affect the immunological results have been studied. This study aims to provide succinct information on the use of nanomaterials for COVID-19 vaccines and possible new applications.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139824670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eman Mohamed Abou Hussein, Noha Mohamed Abou Hussien, Sabrin Ragab Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Abdelkhalek Elfaky, Tamer Dawod Abdelaziz
Microbial drug resistance has emerged as one of the most fundamental health threats. The current work aims to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of strontium borate bio-glasses (BBGs). Three CaF2/TiO2 strontium borate compositions have been prepared through melting annealing methods. The XRD pattern displays the amorphous nature of the glassy samples. The primary structural components of the borate, the trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 group, can be observed in FTIR spectra. Sharpness and shifting peaks to longer wavenumbers were evident after 40 kGy of gamma radiation. In contrast, density and molar volume (Vm) reveal an obvious change after irradiation. The agar diffusion technique was conducted as a preliminary screening of the antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The studied samples possessed no antimicrobial activity toward this strain; however, samples with 2% CaF2 strontium borate (T1) and 5% TiO2 strontium borate (T3) had higher biofilm inhibition potential (inhibition percentages of 75.17 and 65.77%, respectively). The gamma irradiation procedure had an unexpected detrimental effect on the bio-glass antibiofilm activity, making it unsuitable for use in sterilization procedures. Collectively, BBGs could be further investigated as possible antibacterial agents against biofilm-producing resistant strains.
{"title":"Antibiofilm Efficiency of CaF2/TiO2 Strontium Borate Bioactive Glass Composites against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gamma Radiation Effect","authors":"Eman Mohamed Abou Hussein, Noha Mohamed Abou Hussien, Sabrin Ragab Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Abdelkhalek Elfaky, Tamer Dawod Abdelaziz","doi":"10.22146/ijc.84412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.84412","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial drug resistance has emerged as one of the most fundamental health threats. The current work aims to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of strontium borate bio-glasses (BBGs). Three CaF2/TiO2 strontium borate compositions have been prepared through melting annealing methods. The XRD pattern displays the amorphous nature of the glassy samples. The primary structural components of the borate, the trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 group, can be observed in FTIR spectra. Sharpness and shifting peaks to longer wavenumbers were evident after 40 kGy of gamma radiation. In contrast, density and molar volume (Vm) reveal an obvious change after irradiation. The agar diffusion technique was conducted as a preliminary screening of the antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The studied samples possessed no antimicrobial activity toward this strain; however, samples with 2% CaF2 strontium borate (T1) and 5% TiO2 strontium borate (T3) had higher biofilm inhibition potential (inhibition percentages of 75.17 and 65.77%, respectively). The gamma irradiation procedure had an unexpected detrimental effect on the bio-glass antibiofilm activity, making it unsuitable for use in sterilization procedures. Collectively, BBGs could be further investigated as possible antibacterial agents against biofilm-producing resistant strains.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139885263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. S. Kurniawan, Ervan Yudha, Gerry Nugraha, Nela Fatmasari, H. D. Pranowo, J. Jumina, E. N. Sholikhah
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found to be overexpressed in cancer cells as it controls angiogenesis, cell signaling, and proliferation mechanisms. Therefore, EGFR has been known as a common target for the initial screening of new anticancer agents. Either xanthone or chalcone has been evaluated as the anticancer agents, and their activity strongly depends on the type and position of the attached functional group. Therefore, molecular hybridization between xanthone and chalcone could yield novel anticancer agents through the EGFR inhibition mechanism. Herein, a series of xanthone-chalcone derivatives with hydrogen-bond-acceptor or hydrogen-bond-donor substituents at ortho, meta, and para positions was evaluated as the EGFR inhibitor. Thirty-seven xanthone-chalcones were designed and docked in the active site of EGFR. Compared to the native ligand, pristine xanthone-chalcone gave a 1.215× stronger binding energy and a 13.97× lower binding constant. Compound 3SH was found to be the most promising candidate due to its strongest binding energy (−9.71 kcal/mol) and the lowest binding constant (0.08 µM). Furthermore, molecular dynamic studies demonstrated that complex EGFR-3SH was stable for 100 ns simulation. These in silico investigations show that the xanthone-chalcone derivative is a promising novel anticancer agent to be examined through in vitro and in vivo assays.
{"title":"Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Investigations of Xanthone-Chalcone Derivatives against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for Preliminary Discovery of Novel Anticancer Agent","authors":"Y. S. Kurniawan, Ervan Yudha, Gerry Nugraha, Nela Fatmasari, H. D. Pranowo, J. Jumina, E. N. Sholikhah","doi":"10.22146/ijc.88449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.88449","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found to be overexpressed in cancer cells as it controls angiogenesis, cell signaling, and proliferation mechanisms. Therefore, EGFR has been known as a common target for the initial screening of new anticancer agents. Either xanthone or chalcone has been evaluated as the anticancer agents, and their activity strongly depends on the type and position of the attached functional group. Therefore, molecular hybridization between xanthone and chalcone could yield novel anticancer agents through the EGFR inhibition mechanism. Herein, a series of xanthone-chalcone derivatives with hydrogen-bond-acceptor or hydrogen-bond-donor substituents at ortho, meta, and para positions was evaluated as the EGFR inhibitor. Thirty-seven xanthone-chalcones were designed and docked in the active site of EGFR. Compared to the native ligand, pristine xanthone-chalcone gave a 1.215× stronger binding energy and a 13.97× lower binding constant. Compound 3SH was found to be the most promising candidate due to its strongest binding energy (−9.71 kcal/mol) and the lowest binding constant (0.08 µM). Furthermore, molecular dynamic studies demonstrated that complex EGFR-3SH was stable for 100 ns simulation. These in silico investigations show that the xanthone-chalcone derivative is a promising novel anticancer agent to be examined through in vitro and in vivo assays.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. S. Kurniawan, Ervan Yudha, Gerry Nugraha, Nela Fatmasari, H. D. Pranowo, J. Jumina, E. N. Sholikhah
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found to be overexpressed in cancer cells as it controls angiogenesis, cell signaling, and proliferation mechanisms. Therefore, EGFR has been known as a common target for the initial screening of new anticancer agents. Either xanthone or chalcone has been evaluated as the anticancer agents, and their activity strongly depends on the type and position of the attached functional group. Therefore, molecular hybridization between xanthone and chalcone could yield novel anticancer agents through the EGFR inhibition mechanism. Herein, a series of xanthone-chalcone derivatives with hydrogen-bond-acceptor or hydrogen-bond-donor substituents at ortho, meta, and para positions was evaluated as the EGFR inhibitor. Thirty-seven xanthone-chalcones were designed and docked in the active site of EGFR. Compared to the native ligand, pristine xanthone-chalcone gave a 1.215× stronger binding energy and a 13.97× lower binding constant. Compound 3SH was found to be the most promising candidate due to its strongest binding energy (−9.71 kcal/mol) and the lowest binding constant (0.08 µM). Furthermore, molecular dynamic studies demonstrated that complex EGFR-3SH was stable for 100 ns simulation. These in silico investigations show that the xanthone-chalcone derivative is a promising novel anticancer agent to be examined through in vitro and in vivo assays.
{"title":"Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Investigations of Xanthone-Chalcone Derivatives against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for Preliminary Discovery of Novel Anticancer Agent","authors":"Y. S. Kurniawan, Ervan Yudha, Gerry Nugraha, Nela Fatmasari, H. D. Pranowo, J. Jumina, E. N. Sholikhah","doi":"10.22146/ijc.88449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.88449","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found to be overexpressed in cancer cells as it controls angiogenesis, cell signaling, and proliferation mechanisms. Therefore, EGFR has been known as a common target for the initial screening of new anticancer agents. Either xanthone or chalcone has been evaluated as the anticancer agents, and their activity strongly depends on the type and position of the attached functional group. Therefore, molecular hybridization between xanthone and chalcone could yield novel anticancer agents through the EGFR inhibition mechanism. Herein, a series of xanthone-chalcone derivatives with hydrogen-bond-acceptor or hydrogen-bond-donor substituents at ortho, meta, and para positions was evaluated as the EGFR inhibitor. Thirty-seven xanthone-chalcones were designed and docked in the active site of EGFR. Compared to the native ligand, pristine xanthone-chalcone gave a 1.215× stronger binding energy and a 13.97× lower binding constant. Compound 3SH was found to be the most promising candidate due to its strongest binding energy (−9.71 kcal/mol) and the lowest binding constant (0.08 µM). Furthermore, molecular dynamic studies demonstrated that complex EGFR-3SH was stable for 100 ns simulation. These in silico investigations show that the xanthone-chalcone derivative is a promising novel anticancer agent to be examined through in vitro and in vivo assays.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aljeboree, M. K. Al-Hussainawy, U. Altimari, Shaymaa Abed Al-Hussein, Maha Daham Azeez, A. Alkaim
A synthetic superabsorbent polymer hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared by the free radical graft co-polymerization method. This study included the preparation of two surfaces: first sodium alginate-g-(acrylic acid-co-sodium; 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate), SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS) hydrogel, and second surface hydrogel after zinc oxide loading SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS). Hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared from different monomers for the removal of pollutants. The physical characterizations of nanocomposite have been studied using several techniques like UV-vis, FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD. The data from the adsorption study show that E% increases with increasing contact time, with the best agitation time of 1 h, after which the adsorption becomes constant. The increase in adsorbent amount 0.01–0.1 g, the percentage removal of tetracycline (TC) and phenol (PH) increased from 60.639–97.085 and 487.71–94.05%, respectively, and Qe decreased 606.39–97.08 to 487.1831–94.456 mg/g on hydrogel. The ∆H value is endothermic. All processes of adsorption are considered spontaneous, from a negative value of ∆G to a positive value of ∆S. The release of the TC drug was studied in conditions similar to those in the human body in terms of acidity and temperature. The cumulative release of TC drug in 3 h was 50.65%, 42.33%, pH = 7.5 and pH 1.2, respectively.
{"title":"ZnO-Loaded SA-g-Poly (AC-co-EBS) Hydrogel Nanocomposite as an Efficient Adsorption of Tetracycline and Phenol: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Models","authors":"A. Aljeboree, M. K. Al-Hussainawy, U. Altimari, Shaymaa Abed Al-Hussein, Maha Daham Azeez, A. Alkaim","doi":"10.22146/ijc.86711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.86711","url":null,"abstract":"A synthetic superabsorbent polymer hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared by the free radical graft co-polymerization method. This study included the preparation of two surfaces: first sodium alginate-g-(acrylic acid-co-sodium; 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate), SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS) hydrogel, and second surface hydrogel after zinc oxide loading SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS). Hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared from different monomers for the removal of pollutants. The physical characterizations of nanocomposite have been studied using several techniques like UV-vis, FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD. The data from the adsorption study show that E% increases with increasing contact time, with the best agitation time of 1 h, after which the adsorption becomes constant. The increase in adsorbent amount 0.01–0.1 g, the percentage removal of tetracycline (TC) and phenol (PH) increased from 60.639–97.085 and 487.71–94.05%, respectively, and Qe decreased 606.39–97.08 to 487.1831–94.456 mg/g on hydrogel. The ∆H value is endothermic. All processes of adsorption are considered spontaneous, from a negative value of ∆G to a positive value of ∆S. The release of the TC drug was studied in conditions similar to those in the human body in terms of acidity and temperature. The cumulative release of TC drug in 3 h was 50.65%, 42.33%, pH = 7.5 and pH 1.2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ayrim, F. R. Hafedh, Yasir M. Kadhim, Abduljabbar Sabah Hussein, A. M. Abdula, Ghosoun Laftaa Mohsen, Mohammed Mahdi Sami
The N,N',N''-trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives (3a–g) had been created and identified through infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry according to their symmetric basic structure. Three molecules of diverse aromatic amines and three molecules of formaldehyde were assembled in a "1+1+1+1+1+1" condensation reaction to produce hexahydrotriazines. Two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the produced compounds. The anti-biofilm activity of 3g against S. aureus was also examined. In this investigation, glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase was employed to investigate the binding affinity of 3g within the enzyme's binding site. The results demonstrated that most of the synthesized hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine compounds have mild antimicrobial effects in comparison with the commonly used drug ampicillin, whereas the compounds 3g are potentially anti-biofilm agents. Molecular docking with the Autodock 4.2 tool was applied to study the binding affinity. It was found to hit (3g) in the active center of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase as the target enzyme for antimicrobial agents. In silico studies reveal that the discovered hit is a promising glucosamine-6-phosphate inhibitor, as well as that the docking data matched up to the in vitro assay.
{"title":"Hexahydro-1,2,3-triazine Derivatives: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, Antibiofilm Activity and Study of Molecular Docking Against Glucosamine-6-Phosphate","authors":"N. Ayrim, F. R. Hafedh, Yasir M. Kadhim, Abduljabbar Sabah Hussein, A. M. Abdula, Ghosoun Laftaa Mohsen, Mohammed Mahdi Sami","doi":"10.22146/ijc.85521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.85521","url":null,"abstract":"The N,N',N''-trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives (3a–g) had been created and identified through infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry according to their symmetric basic structure. Three molecules of diverse aromatic amines and three molecules of formaldehyde were assembled in a \"1+1+1+1+1+1\" condensation reaction to produce hexahydrotriazines. Two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the produced compounds. The anti-biofilm activity of 3g against S. aureus was also examined. In this investigation, glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase was employed to investigate the binding affinity of 3g within the enzyme's binding site. The results demonstrated that most of the synthesized hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine compounds have mild antimicrobial effects in comparison with the commonly used drug ampicillin, whereas the compounds 3g are potentially anti-biofilm agents. Molecular docking with the Autodock 4.2 tool was applied to study the binding affinity. It was found to hit (3g) in the active center of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase as the target enzyme for antimicrobial agents. In silico studies reveal that the discovered hit is a promising glucosamine-6-phosphate inhibitor, as well as that the docking data matched up to the in vitro assay.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139891523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Satrio, I. N. Rema, Sonny Christophorus Wibisono, Luh Suwita Utami, Nyoman Arisanti, I. G. N. Jayanti, I. W. Rupa
The existence of groundwater sources in several springs at archaeological sites in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, has been widely used by the surrounding community for various needs. However, from a number of the springs, there are springs whose water discharge has decreased. Meanwhile, from a number of existing springs, there is one spring whose groundwater is used every day even though it tastes a bit brackish. For this reason, it is important to conduct a groundwater study in the area with the aim of knowing the characteristics, preliminary identification of recharge areas and quality of groundwater in the study area through an environmental isotope and hydrochemical. The study was conducted by taking a number of groundwater samples from several archaeological sites in Dompu Regency. The results of environmental isotope and hydrochemical analysis show that there are 2 springs (2 archaeological sites), namely the Riwo and Ncona springs, because these two areas are part of the recharge area, which must be preserved by not clearing forest land. Meanwhile, for the quality of groundwater, of the 5 springs located at the archaeological sites, only the Hodo spring is of “poor quality” with the Na–Cl water type; it is unfit for drinking water.
{"title":"Study of Environmental Isotopes and Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater from Springs at Archaeological Sites in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"S. Satrio, I. N. Rema, Sonny Christophorus Wibisono, Luh Suwita Utami, Nyoman Arisanti, I. G. N. Jayanti, I. W. Rupa","doi":"10.22146/ijc.83792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.83792","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of groundwater sources in several springs at archaeological sites in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, has been widely used by the surrounding community for various needs. However, from a number of the springs, there are springs whose water discharge has decreased. Meanwhile, from a number of existing springs, there is one spring whose groundwater is used every day even though it tastes a bit brackish. For this reason, it is important to conduct a groundwater study in the area with the aim of knowing the characteristics, preliminary identification of recharge areas and quality of groundwater in the study area through an environmental isotope and hydrochemical. The study was conducted by taking a number of groundwater samples from several archaeological sites in Dompu Regency. The results of environmental isotope and hydrochemical analysis show that there are 2 springs (2 archaeological sites), namely the Riwo and Ncona springs, because these two areas are part of the recharge area, which must be preserved by not clearing forest land. Meanwhile, for the quality of groundwater, of the 5 springs located at the archaeological sites, only the Hodo spring is of “poor quality” with the Na–Cl water type; it is unfit for drinking water.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139872035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), a mixed gas of silane (SiH4) and methane (CH4) was diluted with hydrogen (H2) to produce thin films of silicon nanocrystals embedded in a silicon carbide (SiC) matrix. This method prevents the co-deposition of SiH and SiC from high-temperature annealing procedures. This study experimentally explores the improvement of the electronic structure by adjusting two processing parameters according to classical nucleation theory (ratio of SiH4 to CH4 and working gas pressure). The deposited films were examined using ellipsometry spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence to determine grain size, crystal volume fraction, topography, and bond configurations. The results show that increasing the working gas pressure can increase the density of SiC, while increasing the ratio of SiH4 to CH4 can only produce larger grain sizes. This is consistent with how SiC works and grows. Without using a high-temperature annealing procedure, this technique can improve the electrical structure of SiC contained in the SiC matrix formed by PECVD.
利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）技术，用氢气（H2）稀释硅烷（SiH4）和甲烷（CH4）的混合气体，生成嵌入碳化硅（SiC）基体中的纳米硅晶体薄膜。这种方法避免了高温退火程序中 SiH 和 SiC 的共沉积。本研究根据经典成核理论，通过调整两个加工参数（SiH4 与 CH4 的比例和工作气体压力），实验性地探索了电子结构的改进。使用椭偏光谱仪、X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和光致发光法对沉积薄膜进行了检测，以确定晶粒尺寸、晶体体积分数、形貌和键合构型。结果表明，增加工作气体压力可以提高 SiC 的密度，而增加 SiH4 与 CH4 的比例只能产生更大的晶粒尺寸。这与碳化硅的工作和生长方式是一致的。在不使用高温退火程序的情况下，该技术可以改善 PECVD 形成的碳化硅基体中所含碳化硅的电气结构。
{"title":"Enhancement of the Silicon Nanocrystals’ Electronic Structure within a Silicon Carbide Matrix","authors":"S. Prayogi","doi":"10.22146/ijc.79864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79864","url":null,"abstract":"Using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), a mixed gas of silane (SiH4) and methane (CH4) was diluted with hydrogen (H2) to produce thin films of silicon nanocrystals embedded in a silicon carbide (SiC) matrix. This method prevents the co-deposition of SiH and SiC from high-temperature annealing procedures. This study experimentally explores the improvement of the electronic structure by adjusting two processing parameters according to classical nucleation theory (ratio of SiH4 to CH4 and working gas pressure). The deposited films were examined using ellipsometry spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence to determine grain size, crystal volume fraction, topography, and bond configurations. The results show that increasing the working gas pressure can increase the density of SiC, while increasing the ratio of SiH4 to CH4 can only produce larger grain sizes. This is consistent with how SiC works and grows. Without using a high-temperature annealing procedure, this technique can improve the electrical structure of SiC contained in the SiC matrix formed by PECVD.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139875554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intan Hawina Anjari, D. Harneti, K. Farabi, Al Arofatus Naini, A. Hidayat, R. Anwar, Hadi Kuncoro, M. N. Azmi, U. Supratman
Four triterpenoids, known as dammarane-type, dammaradienone (1), 20(S),25-epoxy-5α-dammar-20-en-3-one (2), 20(S)-5α-dammar-24-en-3α,20-diol-3-acetate (3) and 3α-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane (4), were isolated from Aglaia cucullata peel fruit. The structures of isolated compounds were identified based on their HR-TOFMS data and extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as compared with literature data. Compounds 1-4 were assessed for cytotoxic effects against HeLa cervical and B16-F10 melanoma skin cancer cells. All compounds showed moderate to weak activity against B16-F10 cancer cells, while compound 2 exhibited the strongest activity against HeLa cancer cells with IC50 of 7.10 µg/mL indicating that the existence of an epoxy moiety at the side chain increases the cytotoxicity to HeLa cells.
从Aglaia cucullata果皮中分离出四种三萜类化合物，即达玛烷型达玛二烯酮（1）、20(S),25-环氧-5α-达玛-20-烯-3-酮（2）、20(S)-5α-达玛-24-烯-3α,20-二醇-3-乙酸酯（3）和3α-乙酰基-20S,24S-环氧-25-羟基达玛烷（4）。根据 HR-TOFMS 数据和广泛的 NMR 光谱分析，确定了分离化合物的结构，并与文献数据进行了比较。评估了化合物 1-4 对 HeLa 宫颈癌细胞和 B16-F10 黑色素瘤皮肤癌细胞的细胞毒性作用。所有化合物对 B16-F10 癌细胞都表现出中等至较弱的活性，而化合物 2 对 HeLa 癌细胞的活性最强，IC50 为 7.10 µg/mL，这表明侧链中环氧分子的存在增加了对 HeLa 细胞的细胞毒性。
{"title":"Cytotoxic Dammarane-Type Triterpenoids from Aglaia cucullata Peel Fruit","authors":"Intan Hawina Anjari, D. Harneti, K. Farabi, Al Arofatus Naini, A. Hidayat, R. Anwar, Hadi Kuncoro, M. N. Azmi, U. Supratman","doi":"10.22146/ijc.83694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.83694","url":null,"abstract":"Four triterpenoids, known as dammarane-type, dammaradienone (1), 20(S),25-epoxy-5α-dammar-20-en-3-one (2), 20(S)-5α-dammar-24-en-3α,20-diol-3-acetate (3) and 3α-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane (4), were isolated from Aglaia cucullata peel fruit. The structures of isolated compounds were identified based on their HR-TOFMS data and extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as compared with literature data. Compounds 1-4 were assessed for cytotoxic effects against HeLa cervical and B16-F10 melanoma skin cancer cells. All compounds showed moderate to weak activity against B16-F10 cancer cells, while compound 2 exhibited the strongest activity against HeLa cancer cells with IC50 of 7.10 µg/mL indicating that the existence of an epoxy moiety at the side chain increases the cytotoxicity to HeLa cells.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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