Bevi Lidya, Muhammad Yusuf, Umi Baroroh, Korry Novitriani, Bachti Alisjahbana, Iman Rahayu, Toto Subroto
Sensitive detection of infectious diseases is crucial for effective clinical care. However, commercial rapid tests may be limited in their ability to detect pathogen variants across different countries. It was found that the sensitivity of a chikungunya rapid test on local strain was only 20.5% as compared to the East, Central, and South Africa (ECSA) phylogroup. Therefore, the development of geographically specific diagnostics is essential. Investigating the distinctive structural properties of a locally sourced antigenic protein is an important initiative for the development of a specific antibody. This study utilized structural bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the differences between the E1-E2 antigenic proteins of the Indonesian chikungunya virus (Ind-CHIKV) and that of ECSA. The results showed that some of the mutation points are located at the antibody binding sites of Ind-CHIKV. G194S and V318R mutations were proposed as distinctive features of Ind-CHIKV, leading to weaker antibody binding compared to ECSA. It suggests that modifying the antibody to accommodate bulkier side chains at positions 194 and 318 could improve its effectiveness against Ind-CHIKV. These insights are valuable for developing a highly sensitive immunoassay for Ind-CHIKV and other regional pathogens, ultimately enhancing diagnostic capabilities in Indonesia.
{"title":"Protein Modelling Insight to the Poor Sensitivity of Chikungunya Diagnostics on Indonesia’s Chikungunya Virus","authors":"Bevi Lidya, Muhammad Yusuf, Umi Baroroh, Korry Novitriani, Bachti Alisjahbana, Iman Rahayu, Toto Subroto","doi":"10.22146/ijc.79301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79301","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitive detection of infectious diseases is crucial for effective clinical care. However, commercial rapid tests may be limited in their ability to detect pathogen variants across different countries. It was found that the sensitivity of a chikungunya rapid test on local strain was only 20.5% as compared to the East, Central, and South Africa (ECSA) phylogroup. Therefore, the development of geographically specific diagnostics is essential. Investigating the distinctive structural properties of a locally sourced antigenic protein is an important initiative for the development of a specific antibody. This study utilized structural bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the differences between the E1-E2 antigenic proteins of the Indonesian chikungunya virus (Ind-CHIKV) and that of ECSA. The results showed that some of the mutation points are located at the antibody binding sites of Ind-CHIKV. G194S and V318R mutations were proposed as distinctive features of Ind-CHIKV, leading to weaker antibody binding compared to ECSA. It suggests that modifying the antibody to accommodate bulkier side chains at positions 194 and 318 could improve its effectiveness against Ind-CHIKV. These insights are valuable for developing a highly sensitive immunoassay for Ind-CHIKV and other regional pathogens, ultimately enhancing diagnostic capabilities in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sparse treatment of highly toxic leachates produced in landfills due to the excessive generation of urban solid waste is a common problem worldwide. For this reason, this research aims to show the convenience of the use of algal biotechnology in leachate bioremediation processes. Nannochloris sp. species was used in this research. It was isolated and cultured for bioassays. The leachate was diluted to 5 and 10% in the microalgae cultures during a period of 8 d in which the growth of the species. Then removal of nutrients (phosphate and nitrate) and the production of lipids by the microalgae were measured. Nannochloris sp. removed more than 70% of the phosphates and 60% of the nitrates from samples. This result shows the benefits of using these microalgae to treat landfill leachate at low cost and also with the potential to obtain bio-lipids that may be useful for biodiesel production.
{"title":"Application of <i>Nannochloris</i> sp. for Landfill Leachate Biotreatment and Lipids Production","authors":"Ildefonso Baldiris-Navarro, Jorge Sanchez, Martha Torres Virviescas, Alvaro Realpe-Jimenez, Juan Fajardo-Cuadro","doi":"10.22146/ijc.82483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.82483","url":null,"abstract":"The sparse treatment of highly toxic leachates produced in landfills due to the excessive generation of urban solid waste is a common problem worldwide. For this reason, this research aims to show the convenience of the use of algal biotechnology in leachate bioremediation processes. Nannochloris sp. species was used in this research. It was isolated and cultured for bioassays. The leachate was diluted to 5 and 10% in the microalgae cultures during a period of 8 d in which the growth of the species. Then removal of nutrients (phosphate and nitrate) and the production of lipids by the microalgae were measured. Nannochloris sp. removed more than 70% of the phosphates and 60% of the nitrates from samples. This result shows the benefits of using these microalgae to treat landfill leachate at low cost and also with the potential to obtain bio-lipids that may be useful for biodiesel production.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a serious global threat, largely due to anthropogenic activities, and cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic known heavy metals. This study aimed to assess cadmium levels in several agricultural soils in several Syrian regions. Soil samples were taken from six agricultural lands, prepared, and processed to determine the total content of cadmium using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the values of cadmium concentration ranged between 0.60 and 1.48 ppm in the studied soil samples, exceeding the permissible limit in some areas. Cadmium values were higher in farmland soils near industrial facilities than those far from them. This study indicates the spread of Cd contamination throughout the study area, significantly near the industrial activities; thus, it may impact local agricultural production safety and human health.
{"title":"Determination of Cadmium Levels in Agricultural Soils of Some Regions in Syria","authors":"Ranim Ibrahim, Sophie Barguil, Sondos Hesenow","doi":"10.22146/ijc.84607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.84607","url":null,"abstract":"Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a serious global threat, largely due to anthropogenic activities, and cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic known heavy metals. This study aimed to assess cadmium levels in several agricultural soils in several Syrian regions. Soil samples were taken from six agricultural lands, prepared, and processed to determine the total content of cadmium using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the values of cadmium concentration ranged between 0.60 and 1.48 ppm in the studied soil samples, exceeding the permissible limit in some areas. Cadmium values were higher in farmland soils near industrial facilities than those far from them. This study indicates the spread of Cd contamination throughout the study area, significantly near the industrial activities; thus, it may impact local agricultural production safety and human health.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riyadh Hasan Mohammed Ali, Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah, Rasha Ismail Ahmed
This study aims to estimate a simple, rapid and sensitive method for a trace amount of atropine (ATR) in medicinal compounds. Two approaches were followed to accomplish this aim, i.e., spectrophotometric determination of pure ATR and pharmaceutical preparations using SbI42− ion as a new reagent. The procedure involves the implementation of an ion-association complex with this alkaloid. The resulting complex was extracted and detected spectrophotometrically at 492 nm. Appropriate parameters were investigated, including the ion SbI42− concentration and the pH value of the complex formation. Using chloroform to extract the complex, taking into consideration extraction time and volume of solvent used. The calibration graph is linear in the ranges of 0.5–5.0 × 10−3 M. Precision, accuracy, detection limit, and RSD %, as well as relative standard deviation (n = 5), were calculated. The test sensitivity was 0.013 µg cm−2. Several interference additives were studied by investigating the effect of equal and duplicate quantities of some common excipients on selectivity, such as starch, glucose, lactose, glycerin, and talc. The molar ratio of the SbI42−_ATR was determined. The amount of ATR in the pharmaceutical tablets and eye drop preparation was calculated using Erel at ratios of 2.24 and 2.75%, respectively.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Quantities of Pure Atropine and Pharmaceutical Preparations with SbI<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> Ion","authors":"Riyadh Hasan Mohammed Ali, Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah, Rasha Ismail Ahmed","doi":"10.22146/ijc.79010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79010","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to estimate a simple, rapid and sensitive method for a trace amount of atropine (ATR) in medicinal compounds. Two approaches were followed to accomplish this aim, i.e., spectrophotometric determination of pure ATR and pharmaceutical preparations using SbI42− ion as a new reagent. The procedure involves the implementation of an ion-association complex with this alkaloid. The resulting complex was extracted and detected spectrophotometrically at 492 nm. Appropriate parameters were investigated, including the ion SbI42− concentration and the pH value of the complex formation. Using chloroform to extract the complex, taking into consideration extraction time and volume of solvent used. The calibration graph is linear in the ranges of 0.5–5.0 × 10−3 M. Precision, accuracy, detection limit, and RSD %, as well as relative standard deviation (n = 5), were calculated. The test sensitivity was 0.013 µg cm−2. Several interference additives were studied by investigating the effect of equal and duplicate quantities of some common excipients on selectivity, such as starch, glucose, lactose, glycerin, and talc. The molar ratio of the SbI42−_ATR was determined. The amount of ATR in the pharmaceutical tablets and eye drop preparation was calculated using Erel at ratios of 2.24 and 2.75%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elyna Wahyu Trisnawati, Venty Suryanti, Edi Pramono, Indri Sri Cahyani, Diah Safriyani
Cellulose derivatives from natural resources continuously develop to find the best hydrophobic polymer-based membrane technology performance. This study was conducted to improve the hydrophilicity, performance, and anti-fouling of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with cellulose acetate (CA) filler synthesized from screw pine (Pandanus tectorius) leaf cellulose. CA was synthesized by the Fischer esterification mechanism and the PVDF membrane was fabricated using the phase inversion method with 0.3% CA concentration. FTIR analysis of CA shows an absorption at 1700 cm−1 suggesting that the hydroxyl group of cellulose had been successfully substituted with an ester group (C=O), and CA has a high degree of substitution (DS) value of 3.50. Adding CA improved the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties of up to 86.45% of PVDF membranes. Furthermore, CA increased the value of water permeability 2–3 times than pristine PVDF membrane. The presence of CA enhanced the porosity of the PVDF membrane, which promoted the membrane's effectiveness for MB filtering. As a result, CA from screw pine leaf cellulose has promising features as a filler for PVDF membranes and potential dye filtration.
{"title":"Synthesis of Cellulose Acetate from Screw Pine (<i>Pandanus tectorius</i>) Leaves for Enhancing Water Permeability and Fouling Resistance of PVDF Membrane","authors":"Elyna Wahyu Trisnawati, Venty Suryanti, Edi Pramono, Indri Sri Cahyani, Diah Safriyani","doi":"10.22146/ijc.85726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.85726","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose derivatives from natural resources continuously develop to find the best hydrophobic polymer-based membrane technology performance. This study was conducted to improve the hydrophilicity, performance, and anti-fouling of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with cellulose acetate (CA) filler synthesized from screw pine (Pandanus tectorius) leaf cellulose. CA was synthesized by the Fischer esterification mechanism and the PVDF membrane was fabricated using the phase inversion method with 0.3% CA concentration. FTIR analysis of CA shows an absorption at 1700 cm−1 suggesting that the hydroxyl group of cellulose had been successfully substituted with an ester group (C=O), and CA has a high degree of substitution (DS) value of 3.50. Adding CA improved the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties of up to 86.45% of PVDF membranes. Furthermore, CA increased the value of water permeability 2–3 times than pristine PVDF membrane. The presence of CA enhanced the porosity of the PVDF membrane, which promoted the membrane's effectiveness for MB filtering. As a result, CA from screw pine leaf cellulose has promising features as a filler for PVDF membranes and potential dye filtration.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santhy Wyantuti, Uji Pratomo, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Amelia Shafira, Ari Hardianto, Husein Hernandi Bahti
Gadolinium (Gd) is an important material for advanced technology; hence, the development of a sensitive and efficient alternative for the Gd-detection method to reduce the dependency on complicated and expensive methods has been massively investigated. Furthermore, the combination of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the experimental design to detect Gd provides a simple, effective, and efficient method. In this study, the Steepest Ascent and Box-Behnken designs were chosen to determine the maximum voltammetry responses. The optimum conditions used for this study showed an amplitude modulation of 0.0884 V, potential deposition of 1.4382 V, and deposition time was 60.3615 s with the obtained recovery value, accuracy, and precision values being 98.37, 95.91, and 5.12% in relative standard deviation (RSD), respectively. Meanwhile, the detection and quantization limit values are 3.46 and 11.53 mg/L, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the presence of Gd in acetonitrile is determined in a mixture with Eu and Sm. Based on the results, the DPV method is capable of determining the presence of Gd in acetonitrile.
{"title":"Utilization of Steepest Ascent and Box-Behnken Design for Determination of Gadolinium in Acetonitrile by Differential Pulse Voltammetry","authors":"Santhy Wyantuti, Uji Pratomo, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Amelia Shafira, Ari Hardianto, Husein Hernandi Bahti","doi":"10.22146/ijc.80979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.80979","url":null,"abstract":"Gadolinium (Gd) is an important material for advanced technology; hence, the development of a sensitive and efficient alternative for the Gd-detection method to reduce the dependency on complicated and expensive methods has been massively investigated. Furthermore, the combination of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the experimental design to detect Gd provides a simple, effective, and efficient method. In this study, the Steepest Ascent and Box-Behnken designs were chosen to determine the maximum voltammetry responses. The optimum conditions used for this study showed an amplitude modulation of 0.0884 V, potential deposition of 1.4382 V, and deposition time was 60.3615 s with the obtained recovery value, accuracy, and precision values being 98.37, 95.91, and 5.12% in relative standard deviation (RSD), respectively. Meanwhile, the detection and quantization limit values are 3.46 and 11.53 mg/L, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the presence of Gd in acetonitrile is determined in a mixture with Eu and Sm. Based on the results, the DPV method is capable of determining the presence of Gd in acetonitrile.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodiesel production from non-edible oil is an alternative way to reduce edible oil dependency and reduce the competition for feed and food. Candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) is one of the non-edible oils which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production since they have a high oil content. Herein, the biodiesel production from candlenut oil has been conducted using zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized by the polyol method. Polyol methods facilitated the formation of ZnO nanoparticles with various shapes, including spherical, rod, and hexagonal. Besides, ZnO showed a mesoporous characteristic, facilitating the conversion of fat fatty acid to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of 61%. Increasing ZnO dosage led to enhancing the FAME yield. Similarly, the FAME yield was also improved by increasing the reaction time. The results of esterification of candlenut oil and methanol yielded 70.76% FAME with 2% nano-ZnO polyol catalyst at 180 min reaction time at room temperature whilst being stirred constantly at 400 rpm. A good FAME conversion using ZnO at room temperature provides good information to produce biodiesel with a simple method. Apart from that, photocatalytic promoted transesterification at room temperature, which is beneficial for reducing energy consumption.
{"title":"Facile Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil (<i>Aleurites moluccana</i> L.) Using Photocatalytic Method by Nano Sized-ZnO Photocatalytic Agent Synthesized via Polyol Method","authors":"Hendro Juwono, Anisun Zakiyah, Riki Subagyo, Yuly Kusumawati","doi":"10.22146/ijc.82895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.82895","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel production from non-edible oil is an alternative way to reduce edible oil dependency and reduce the competition for feed and food. Candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) is one of the non-edible oils which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production since they have a high oil content. Herein, the biodiesel production from candlenut oil has been conducted using zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized by the polyol method. Polyol methods facilitated the formation of ZnO nanoparticles with various shapes, including spherical, rod, and hexagonal. Besides, ZnO showed a mesoporous characteristic, facilitating the conversion of fat fatty acid to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of 61%. Increasing ZnO dosage led to enhancing the FAME yield. Similarly, the FAME yield was also improved by increasing the reaction time. The results of esterification of candlenut oil and methanol yielded 70.76% FAME with 2% nano-ZnO polyol catalyst at 180 min reaction time at room temperature whilst being stirred constantly at 400 rpm. A good FAME conversion using ZnO at room temperature provides good information to produce biodiesel with a simple method. Apart from that, photocatalytic promoted transesterification at room temperature, which is beneficial for reducing energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is one of the most widely developed thermal analysis methods for meat samples for halal authentication of food or processed products. Research on adulteration detection for various types of meat and its derivatives has been developed before and still requires organic solvents. Therefore, the concept of the "green method" is being tried to develop in this research. DSC analyses are performed in the same experimental conditions for all sample powder: sample mass 2 mg, temperature range 30–400 °C, and heating rate 20 °C min−1. The results showed there is a characteristic minor endothermic peak for each meat. Chemometric analysis was carried out using the principal component analysis (PCA) method to ensure that the thermal characteristics of each meat were utterly different in both pure and mixed meat. The results of this analysis indicate that each pure meat has a different score plot. Therefore, the developed thermal analysis method is quite reliable in determining the different types of meat based on the characteristic minor endothermic peak in the thermogram and the score plot from PCA analysis.
差示扫描量热法(DSC)是用于食品或加工产品清真认证的肉类样品的最广泛发展的热分析方法之一。各类肉类及其衍生物的掺假检测研究此前已经开展，但仍需要有机溶剂。因此，“绿色方法”的概念在本研究中正在尝试发展。在相同的实验条件下对所有样品粉末进行DSC分析:样品质量2mg，温度范围30-400°C，加热速率20°C min - 1。结果表明，每种肉都有一个特征性的小吸热峰。采用主成分分析(PCA)方法进行化学计量学分析，以确保纯肉和混合肉的热特性完全不同。分析结果表明，每种纯肉都有不同的计分图。因此，所建立的热分析方法根据热图中的特征小吸热峰和PCA分析的分值图来判断肉类的种类是比较可靠的。
{"title":"Simple Thermal Analysis as a Green Method for the Detection of Meat Adulteration","authors":"Ilma Nugrahani, Aditya Aditya","doi":"10.22146/ijc.79201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79201","url":null,"abstract":"Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is one of the most widely developed thermal analysis methods for meat samples for halal authentication of food or processed products. Research on adulteration detection for various types of meat and its derivatives has been developed before and still requires organic solvents. Therefore, the concept of the \"green method\" is being tried to develop in this research. DSC analyses are performed in the same experimental conditions for all sample powder: sample mass 2 mg, temperature range 30–400 °C, and heating rate 20 °C min−1. The results showed there is a characteristic minor endothermic peak for each meat. Chemometric analysis was carried out using the principal component analysis (PCA) method to ensure that the thermal characteristics of each meat were utterly different in both pure and mixed meat. The results of this analysis indicate that each pure meat has a different score plot. Therefore, the developed thermal analysis method is quite reliable in determining the different types of meat based on the characteristic minor endothermic peak in the thermogram and the score plot from PCA analysis.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The usage of antiradical agents is pivotal for suppressing the negative effects of free radicals on human health. Curcumin, a well-known natural antiradical agent, suffers from its low stability and high price, thus, limiting its potential in real applications. In this work, we carried out the impregnation of encapsulated curcumin from Aceh curcuma source on commercial titanium dioxide. The isolation of curcumin was performed using a simple maceration method, while the encapsulation process was done employing carboxymethylcellulose and maltodextrin to give ethanol-curcumin and triacetin-curcumin powders in 30.35% and 37.21% yield, respectively. The composite materials contained curcumin in a range of 0.016–0.374 mg/g. The characterization data revealed that the curcumin was located on the surface of titanium dioxide through hydrogen bonds. The in vitro DPPH assay of the titanium dioxide-curcumin composite material exhibited 39.61 ± 1.36 to 79.70 ± 1.33% antiradical activity which was higher than titanium dioxide (31.78 ± 1.48%). Furthermore, the composite material also gave higher antiradical activity than its curcumin sources, i.e., Aceh curcuma (75.12 ± 1.79%), ethanol-curcumin (56.66 ± 0.25%), and triacetin-curcumin (63.58 ± 0.20%) demonstrating a synergistic antiradical effect of titanium dioxide and curcumin as the antiradical agents. These findings demonstrate the importance of the impregnation and encapsulation of curcumin in composite materials for antiradical applications.
{"title":"Titanium Dioxide-Curcumin Composite Materials from Aceh Curcuma Natural Source and Their Evaluation as Antiradical Agents Through <i>In Vitro</i> Study","authors":"Indriana Kartini, Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih, Adhi Dwi Hatmanto, Vina Aida Roza, Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan","doi":"10.22146/ijc.80766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.80766","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of antiradical agents is pivotal for suppressing the negative effects of free radicals on human health. Curcumin, a well-known natural antiradical agent, suffers from its low stability and high price, thus, limiting its potential in real applications. In this work, we carried out the impregnation of encapsulated curcumin from Aceh curcuma source on commercial titanium dioxide. The isolation of curcumin was performed using a simple maceration method, while the encapsulation process was done employing carboxymethylcellulose and maltodextrin to give ethanol-curcumin and triacetin-curcumin powders in 30.35% and 37.21% yield, respectively. The composite materials contained curcumin in a range of 0.016–0.374 mg/g. The characterization data revealed that the curcumin was located on the surface of titanium dioxide through hydrogen bonds. The in vitro DPPH assay of the titanium dioxide-curcumin composite material exhibited 39.61 ± 1.36 to 79.70 ± 1.33% antiradical activity which was higher than titanium dioxide (31.78 ± 1.48%). Furthermore, the composite material also gave higher antiradical activity than its curcumin sources, i.e., Aceh curcuma (75.12 ± 1.79%), ethanol-curcumin (56.66 ± 0.25%), and triacetin-curcumin (63.58 ± 0.20%) demonstrating a synergistic antiradical effect of titanium dioxide and curcumin as the antiradical agents. These findings demonstrate the importance of the impregnation and encapsulation of curcumin in composite materials for antiradical applications.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, novel Schiff base complexes with Zn(II) and Co(II) ions were successfully synthesized. The malonic acid dihydrazide was converted into the Schiff base ligand by combining it with 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde, and the last step required reacting it with the appropriate metal(II) chloride to produce pure target complexes. The generated complexes were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-mass, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. In order to photo-stabilize polystyrene (PS) and reduce the photodegradation of its polymeric chains, these chemicals have been used in this work. The efficiency of the generated complexes as photo-stabilizers was evaluated using a variety of techniques, including FTIR, weight loss, viscosity average molecular weight, light and atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. These tests corroborated each other and demonstrated how effectively new compounds stabilize PS photographs. As a result, compared to blank PS, they reduce the photodegradation of PS films containing these complexes after 300 h of exposure to UV radiation with a wavelength of 313 nm. Also, it has demonstrated how effective the cobalt complex is as a photo-stabilizer. The highly conjugated systems in these chemicals are to blame for this.
{"title":"Synthesis of Zn(II) and Co(II) Complexes with a Schiff Base Derived from Malonic Acid Dihydrazide for Photo-Stabilizers of Polystyrene","authors":"Rehab Ghalib Hammoda, Naser Shaalan","doi":"10.22146/ijc.83730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.83730","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, novel Schiff base complexes with Zn(II) and Co(II) ions were successfully synthesized. The malonic acid dihydrazide was converted into the Schiff base ligand by combining it with 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde, and the last step required reacting it with the appropriate metal(II) chloride to produce pure target complexes. The generated complexes were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-mass, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. In order to photo-stabilize polystyrene (PS) and reduce the photodegradation of its polymeric chains, these chemicals have been used in this work. The efficiency of the generated complexes as photo-stabilizers was evaluated using a variety of techniques, including FTIR, weight loss, viscosity average molecular weight, light and atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. These tests corroborated each other and demonstrated how effectively new compounds stabilize PS photographs. As a result, compared to blank PS, they reduce the photodegradation of PS films containing these complexes after 300 h of exposure to UV radiation with a wavelength of 313 nm. Also, it has demonstrated how effective the cobalt complex is as a photo-stabilizer. The highly conjugated systems in these chemicals are to blame for this.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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