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Attitudes toward the use of facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian community 印度社区对在 COVID-19 大流行期间使用口罩的态度
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_201_23
Pearl Kanojia, Bhushan Chaudhury, Parisha Kelkar, Archana Javadekar, Suprakash Chaudhury, D. Saldanha
Background: The use of face masks by all community members for the prevention of COVID-19 infection is considered one of the most effective strategies. However, the use of masks by community members was influenced by many factors which affected its efficacy as a preventive measure. Aim: To evaluate the attitudes toward the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian community. Materials and Methods: We did an online survey with the help of a questionnaire which included information about demographic data, awareness and attitudes about COVID-19 infection and its preventive measures, and attitudes towards mask use in particular. Results: Participants had a positive attitude towards mask use. However, there were certain reasons for not using masks some of which were gender specific. Conclusion: People had good awareness and attitude towards mask use. However, some gender differences in perception of masks used in various settings should be addressed for future awareness and education of the community about mask use.
背景:所有社区成员使用口罩预防 COVID-19 感染被认为是最有效的策略之一。然而,社区成员使用口罩的情况受到许多因素的影响,从而影响了口罩作为预防措施的效果。目的:评估印度社区在 COVID-19 大流行期间对使用口罩的态度。材料与方法:我们利用问卷进行了在线调查,调查内容包括人口统计学数据、对 COVID-19 感染及其预防措施的认识和态度,尤其是对口罩使用的态度。调查结果显示参与者对使用口罩持积极态度。不过,不使用口罩也有一定的原因,其中一些原因与性别有关。结论人们对使用口罩的认识和态度良好。然而,在不同环境中,人们对口罩使用的看法存在一些性别差异,这一点应加以解决,以便今后对社区进行口罩使用方面的宣传和教育。
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引用次数: 0
Biopsychosocial correlates of emotional problems in women during pregnancy and postpartum period 孕期和产后妇女情绪问题的生物心理社会相关因素
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_225_23
Archana Javadekar, Arpita Karmarkar, Suprakash Chaudhury, D. Saldanha, J. Patil
Background: Transition to motherhood is associated with several emotional problems that can have long-term consequences on the mother and baby. Aim: To examine the association of various biomedical and cultural factors with the new onset of emotional problems during pregnancy and postpartum period. Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 300 pregnant women interviewed in the third trimester. Results: The prevalence of emotional problems in the study group was 31.58%. The prevalence of anxiety disorder NOS and mixed anxiety and depressive disorder in the last trimester of pregnancy in our study was 4% and 1.33%, respectively, and 0.67% and 1.33%, respectively, at 4 days postpartum. At 6 weeks postpartum, the prevalence of anxiety disorder NOS was 1.33%, generalized anxiety disorder was 0.67%, and major depression was 1.33. The prevalence of postpartum blues in our study was 25.33%. Conclusion: There was a significant association between psychiatric disorders during and postpartum period and the following factors: higher parity, increased maternal age, low hemoglobin levels, cesarean section, planned pregnancy, and extended family. Postpartum blues was associated with higher parity and low blood pressure.
背景:初为人母会出现一些情绪问题,这些问题会对母亲和婴儿造成长期影响。目的:研究各种生物医学和文化因素与孕期和产后新发情绪问题的关联。材料与方法:这项前瞻性纵向研究包括对 300 名怀孕三个月的孕妇进行访谈。研究结果研究组中情绪问题的发生率为 31.58%。在我们的研究中,妊娠末三个月焦虑症 NOS 和焦虑与抑郁混合症的患病率分别为 4% 和 1.33%,产后 4 天的患病率分别为 0.67% 和 1.33%。产后 6 周时,NOS 焦虑症的患病率为 1.33%,广泛性焦虑症为 0.67%,重度抑郁症为 1.33%。在我们的研究中,产后忧郁症的发病率为 25.33%。结论产期和产后精神障碍与以下因素有明显的关联:胎次较多、产妇年龄增加、血红蛋白水平低、剖宫产、计划妊娠和大家庭。产后忧郁症与较高的奇数和低血压有关。
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引用次数: 0
Prosocial behavior, psychological well-being, positive and negative affect among young adults: A cross-sectional study 青少年的亲社会行为、心理健康、积极和消极情绪:横断面研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_214_23
Arvind Kakulte, Samreen Shaikh
Background: Prosocial behaviors are considered important moral and social behavior. Various researchers have found that prosocial behavior increases well-being; research is scarce on the effects of prosocial behavior on psychological well-being, positive and negative affect among adults. Aim: The present study investigated the relationship between prosocial behavior, psychological well-being, and positive and negative affect on adults. Materials and Methods: The study included 80 adults (19–25 years) males and females. Snowball and incidental sampling method is used for data collection. The tools used for the study are the Prosocial Personality Battery, Ryff's psychological well-being scale, and the positive and negative affect scale. Results: A positive correlation was found between prosocial behavior and psychological well-being (0.396 which is significant at 0.01 level). A positive correlation was also observed between prosocial behavior and positive affect (0.274 which is significant at 0.01 level). A negative correlation was found between prosocial behavior and negative affect (−0.191 which is significant at 0.05 level). Conclusion: People involved in Prosocial behavior showed a positive correlation with Psychological well-being and positive affect and a negative correlation with negative affects.
背景介绍亲社会行为被认为是重要的道德和社会行为。许多研究人员发现,亲社会行为会增加幸福感;但有关亲社会行为对成年人心理幸福感、积极和消极情绪的影响的研究却很少。目的:本研究探讨了亲社会行为、心理幸福感、成人积极和消极情绪之间的关系。材料与方法:研究对象包括 80 名男性和女性成年人(19-25 岁)。采用 "滚雪球 "和偶然抽样法收集数据。研究使用的工具包括亲社会人格测验、Ryff 心理幸福感量表以及积极和消极情绪量表。研究结果研究发现,亲社会行为与心理健康之间存在正相关(0.396,在 0.01 的水平上显著)。亲社会行为与积极情绪之间也存在正相关(0.274,在 0.01 的水平上显著)。亲社会行为与负情感之间呈负相关(-0.191,在 0.05 的水平上有意义)。结论参与亲社会行为的人与心理健康和积极情感呈正相关,而与消极情感呈负相关。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population: A comparison study between rural and urban population COVID-19 大流行对普通人群心理健康的影响:城乡人口比较研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_224_23
Sandeep Nallapu, Swati Ghonge, S. Johnson, S. Vajjala, Deepu Palal
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the mental health of the population globally with the increase in cases of depression, suicide, and self-harm. According to the World Health Organization, there has been an increase of 28% and 26% in major depressive disorders and anxiety, respectively, during 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only a few studies had been conducted in India assessing mental health, especially the post hoc effect of a pandemic. Therefore, the current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in rural against urban populations as well as the contributing factors viz age, gender, socioeconomic class, change in occupation, and income. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to February 2022 among participants residing in the area covered by the Urban Health Training Centre (Ajmera, Pimpri, Pune) and Rural Health Training Centre (Alandi, Pune) of a medical college in Pune. One hundred fifty-four participants (total of 308) above 18 years of age who were not diagnosed or under treatment for psychiatric illness were interviewed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) to screen for anxiety, depression, and stress in each setting. Results: Overall prevalence of mental distress was 35.71% (n = 110). In the rural area, it was 29.2% (n = 45) as compared to 42.2% (n = 65). in the urban category. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in urban areas (33.1%) compared to rural areas (19.4%), with an overall prevalence of 26.3%. The net prevalence of anxiety and stress was 35.7% and 15.6%, respectively, which were also higher in urban areas (Anxiety OR = 1.769, P = 0.018*; Stress OR = 2.262, P = 0.013). The upper middle class had the least psychological problems. Overall, 11% of participants had lost their jobs; 48.75% in rural and 37% of urban participants had a decrease in their income. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased burden of mental illness. The prevalence of mental health problems is alarmingly high, especially in urban communities. To combat the global mental health pandemic, the interventions that mediate psychological distress must be quickly implemented. Due importance should be given to mental healthcare in the community.
背景:冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)大流行影响了全球人口的心理健康,抑郁症、自杀和自残病例增加。根据世界卫生组织的数据,在 COVID-19 大流行的一年中,重度抑郁症和焦虑症分别增加了 28% 和 26%。在印度,只有少数研究对心理健康进行了评估,尤其是大流行病的后期影响。因此,本研究旨在估算农村与城市人口中抑郁症、焦虑症和压力症的患病率,以及导致这些疾病的因素,即年龄、性别、社会经济阶层、职业变化和收入。材料和方法:2021 年 7 月至 2022 年 2 月期间,对居住在浦那一所医学院的城市健康培训中心(浦那 Pimpri 的 Ajmera)和农村健康培训中心(浦那 Alandi)所覆盖地区的参与者进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。研究人员使用抑郁焦虑压力量表-21(DASS-21)对 154 名(共 308 名)18 岁以上、未确诊或正在接受精神病治疗的参与者进行了访谈,以筛查他们在每个环境中的焦虑、抑郁和压力状况。结果精神压力的总体发生率为 35.71%(n = 110)。农村地区为 29.2%(n = 45),城市地区为 42.2%(n = 65)。城市地区的抑郁症患病率(33.1%)明显高于农村地区(19.4%),总体患病率为 26.3%。焦虑和压力的净患病率分别为 35.7% 和 15.6%,在城市地区也较高(焦虑 OR = 1.769,P = 0.018*;压力 OR = 2.262,P = 0.013)。中上层阶级的心理问题最少。总体而言,11% 的参与者失去了工作;48.75% 的农村参与者和 37% 的城市参与者收入减少。结论COVID-19 大流行导致精神疾病负担加重。精神健康问题的发病率高得惊人,尤其是在城市社区。为了应对全球精神健康大流行,必须尽快实施干预措施,以缓解心理困扰。应适当重视社区的心理保健。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of supportive psychotherapy for improving the level of depression, suicidal thoughts, and quality of life 支持性心理疗法对改善抑郁程度、自杀念头和生活质量的疗效
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_245_23
Dolly Kumari, Parisha Kelkar
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引用次数: 0
”Medical teacher” – A cool job? – An insight into faculty stress and changing scenarios of medical colleges "医学教师"--一份很酷的工作?- 深入了解医学院教师的压力和不断变化的情况
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_244_23
Swati Ghonge, Shital Patil, Kajal Srivastava, Chaitali Borgaonkar
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引用次数: 0
Cariprazine augmentation in a patient with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia 对一名氯氮平耐药的精神分裂症患者进行卡匹拉嗪增强治疗
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_208_23
R. D. Karoline, Samuvel Sekar, SS Asha Charitha, J. A. Jacob
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引用次数: 0
Stress, resilience, and coping in COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 people COVID-19 患者和非 COVID-19 患者的压力、复原力和应对能力
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_217_23
Arvind Kakulte, Surya Bhutada
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic recession hurt people's mental health. Aim: To study the stress, resilience, and coping between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID people. Materials and Methods: A sample of 188 individuals including COVID-positive and negative were selected by snowball sampling method from the Pune area. All the subjects belong to the age group between 20 and 25 years. The variables are studied by using three tools. The tools used were the Student Stress Inventory, Resilience Scale, and Coping Response Inventory. The data obtained was analyzed using a statistical t-test for comparison and one one-way ANOVA test for gender differences on SPSS software. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference found in stress (t = −3.269) at 0.01 level but no difference found in resilience (t = −0.525), approach coping (t = −1.084), and avoidance coping (t = −1.473) between COVID and non-COVID subjects. Conclusion: Patients with COVID had higher stress levels than those without the disease. In terms of resilience, approach, and avoidant coping, there were no significant differences between COVID and non-COVID subjects.
背景:COVID-19 大流行和随之而来的经济衰退损害了人们的心理健康。目的:研究 COVID-19 患者和非 COVID 患者的压力、复原力和应对能力。材料和方法:通过滚雪球抽样法从普纳地区选取了 188 人作为样本,其中包括 COVID 阳性和阴性患者。所有受试者的年龄都在 20-25 岁之间。使用三种工具对变量进行研究。使用的工具是学生压力量表、复原力量表和应对反应量表。获得的数据使用 SPSS 软件进行统计 t 检验进行比较分析,并使用单因素方差分析检验性别差异。结果显示结果显示,在 0.01 水平上,COVID 与非 COVID 受试者在压力(t = -3.269)方面存在显著差异,但在复原力(t = -0.525)、接近应对(t = -1.084)和回避应对(t = -1.473)方面没有差异。结论COVID 患者的压力水平高于非 COVID 患者。在抗压能力、接近应对和回避应对方面,COVID 受试者与非 COVID 受试者之间没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Language and executive function of clinical stage-1 HIV patients in an industrial scenario: Extent and implication 工业场景中临床 1 期艾滋病患者的语言和执行功能:程度和影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_232_23
Ayushma Shah, J. Prakash, K. Chatterjee
Background: Asymptomatic and mild form of the neurocognitive disorder in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection is still prevalent and a chief problem worldwide although the severity of the neurocognitive complications is decreasing after the introduction of combined highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aim: To study language and executive dysfunction of HIV patients in Clinical Stage 1 in an industrial scenario in Western Maharashtra as compared to healthy controls. Material and Methods: The Wisconsin card sorting test and Addenbrooke cognitive scale were done to check for executive function and language, respectively, and compared to age- and gender-matched HIV-negative controls. Results: Both the results of the WCST and Addenbrooke cognitive scale showed a decline in scores in the cases as compared to the controls overall. The distribution of cases as per the gender showed no significant difference, whereas there was a significant difference as per the age. Conclusion: In asymptomatic HIV patients, there is a decline in executive function and language as compared to the healthy controls. As most of the individuals were employed, there is a need to assess their neurocognitive function regularly as the progress of the illness can be monitored and cognitive training can be advised in these HIV-positive patients, which will not only benefit the individuals but the industrial sector in the long run as well.
背景:人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者中无症状和轻微的神经认知障碍仍然普遍存在,尽管在引入高活性抗逆转录病毒联合疗法后,神经认知并发症的严重程度有所降低,但这仍然是全球范围内的主要问题。目的:与健康对照组相比,研究马哈拉施特拉邦西部工业环境中临床 1 期艾滋病患者的语言和执行功能障碍。材料和方法:采用威斯康星卡片分类测试和 Addenbrooke 认知量表分别检测患者的执行功能和语言能力,并与年龄和性别匹配的 HIV 阴性对照组进行比较。结果WCST和Addenbrooke认知量表的结果均显示,与对照组相比,病例的总体得分有所下降。病例的性别分布无显著差异,而年龄分布则有显著差异。结论与健康对照组相比,无症状艾滋病患者的执行功能和语言能力有所下降。由于大多数患者都有工作,因此有必要定期对他们的神经认知功能进行评估,以监测病情的发展,并建议对这些 HIV 阳性患者进行认知训练,从长远来看,这不仅有利于患者,也有利于工业部门。
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引用次数: 0
Community's perception of lockdown ascribed to the COVID-19 pandemic 社区对 COVID-19 大流行导致的封锁的看法
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_226_23
Akash Nagar, Biswajit Chaklader, Suman Ray, Hetal K Rathod, Kajal Srivastava, A. Banerjee
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a mandatory nationwide lockdown from March 24, 2020. In this difficult and unprecedented time, the requirement to adapt to lockdown and a forced stay-at-home had an impact on people's lives. Aim: Community's perception of lockdown ascribed to COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on individuals aged 18 and above across India, to assess their perception regarding lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire, where the data were collected via Google Forms and analyzed via Epi info 7. The questionnaire comprised of how individuals perceived the lockdown, and how COVID-19 news circulating on various social media platforms and news channels affected their mental health. Results: The study included a total of 552 individuals. The study found that the lockdown was supported by 47% of respondents. 69.9% participants acknowledged that during lockdown, a huge amount of COVID-19 news was being disseminated, while 67.2% of individuals were overly preoccupied with thinking about preventative measures. As a result of being confined indoors, 59% of respondents thought their screen time had increased. Conclusion: Respondents perceived that the lockdown had its benefits and drawbacks. They were impacted by the flood of information from various social media platforms as well and there was an increase in screen time.
背景:COVID-19 大流行导致从 2020 年 3 月 24 日起全国强制封锁。在这个前所未有的困难时期,适应封锁的要求和被迫留在家中对人们的生活产生了影响。目的:社区对 COVID-19 大流行导致的封锁的看法。材料和方法:对印度各地 18 岁及以上的个人进行了横断面研究,以评估他们对 COVID-19 大流行导致的封锁的看法。研究采用半结构式问卷,通过谷歌表格收集数据,并通过 Epi info 7 进行分析。问卷内容包括个人如何看待封锁,以及在各种社交媒体平台和新闻频道上流传的 COVID-19 新闻如何影响他们的心理健康。研究结果研究共涉及 552 人。研究发现,47% 的受访者支持封锁。69.9%的受访者承认,在封锁期间,COVID-19 的大量新闻被传播,而 67.2%的人过于专注于思考预防措施。由于被限制在室内,59% 的受访者认为他们的屏幕时间增加了。结论受访者认为封锁有利有弊。他们也受到了来自各种社交媒体平台的大量信息的影响,屏幕使用时间有所增加。
{"title":"Community's perception of lockdown ascribed to the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Akash Nagar, Biswajit Chaklader, Suman Ray, Hetal K Rathod, Kajal Srivastava, A. Banerjee","doi":"10.4103/ipj.ipj_226_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_226_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a mandatory nationwide lockdown from March 24, 2020. In this difficult and unprecedented time, the requirement to adapt to lockdown and a forced stay-at-home had an impact on people's lives. Aim: Community's perception of lockdown ascribed to COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on individuals aged 18 and above across India, to assess their perception regarding lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire, where the data were collected via Google Forms and analyzed via Epi info 7. The questionnaire comprised of how individuals perceived the lockdown, and how COVID-19 news circulating on various social media platforms and news channels affected their mental health. Results: The study included a total of 552 individuals. The study found that the lockdown was supported by 47% of respondents. 69.9% participants acknowledged that during lockdown, a huge amount of COVID-19 news was being disseminated, while 67.2% of individuals were overly preoccupied with thinking about preventative measures. As a result of being confined indoors, 59% of respondents thought their screen time had increased. Conclusion: Respondents perceived that the lockdown had its benefits and drawbacks. They were impacted by the flood of information from various social media platforms as well and there was an increase in screen time.","PeriodicalId":13534,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Psychiatry Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Industrial Psychiatry Journal
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