Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献_第9页

Effects of K-12 School District Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Community-Level Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection During the COVID-19 Pandemic K-12学区非药物干预措施对COVID-19大流行期间社区急性呼吸道感染患病率的影响

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70139

C. He, M. D. Goss, D. Norton, G. Chen, A. Uzicanin, J. L. Temte

Background

Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, kindergarten through 12th grade schools implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The effects of school-based NPIs on broader community levels of acute respiratory infection (ARI) have not been defined. We utilized an existing longitudinal cohort of households reporting weekly ARI cases to evaluate the effects of evolving school districtwide NPIs on ARI activity at eight transition points from December 2019 through October 2022.

Methods

Household ARI data were reported through the GReat Oregon Child Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) Vaccine Effectiveness Study—a prospective cohort study based in the Oregon School District (OSD) (GROVES). Participating GROVES families completed weekly online surveys with respiratory illness updates. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between eight school-related transition events during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the trajectory of ARI risk for GROVES family members, while accounting for family clusters. Transition events were assessed using a ±4-week window of community data.

Results

Opening schools with maximal NPIs (mandated masking and physical distancing, with hybrid education) was not associated with increased community ARI activity. The four transition events associated with significant ARI risk trajectory increases included summer breaks (June 2020, p = 0.001; June 2021, p = 0.002), and the start of school with mandatory masking only (September 2021, p < 0.001) or without NPIs (September 2022, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

School-based NPI implementation was associated with reduced risks for community ARI activity. Enhanced surveillance platforms such as the weekly online surveys used in this study are valuable tools for better understanding and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus transmission in schools and surrounding communities.

为应对COVID-19大流行，幼儿园到12年级的学校实施了非药物干预措施（npi）。以学校为基础的npi对更广泛的社区急性呼吸道感染（ARI）水平的影响尚未确定。我们利用现有的家庭纵向队列，每周报告ARI病例，以评估2019年12月至2022年10月八个过渡点学区范围内不断变化的npi对ARI活动的影响。方法通过俄勒冈州呼吸系统疾病儿童缺勤研究（ORCHARDS）疫苗有效性研究（一项基于俄勒冈学区（GROVES）的前瞻性队列研究）报告家庭ARI数据。参与的格罗夫斯家庭完成了每周的呼吸道疾病更新在线调查。采用混合效应逻辑回归分析了COVID-19大流行期间8个与学校相关的过渡事件与GROVES家庭成员急性呼吸道感染风险轨迹变化之间的关联，同时考虑了家庭聚集性。使用±4周的社区数据窗口来评估过渡事件。结果开设npi最高的学校（强制遮蔽和保持身体距离，混合教育）与社区ARI活动增加无关。与ARI风险轨迹显著增加相关的四个过渡事件包括暑假(2020年6月，p = 0.001；2021年6月，p = 0.002)，以及只有强制性遮盖（2021年9月，p < 0.001）或没有npi（2022年9月，p < 0.001）的学校开学。结论：基于学校的NPI实施与社区ARI活动风险降低相关。加强监测平台，如本研究中使用的每周在线调查，是更好地了解和监测学校和周围社区中SARS-CoV-2和呼吸道病毒传播的宝贵工具。

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引用次数: 0

How Has the Disappearance of Influenza B/Yamagata Altered the Proportion of Influenza A and B Cases? Early Findings From Post-COVID Pandemic Global Surveillance Data 乙型流感/山形流感的消失如何改变甲型和乙型流感病例的比例？covid大流行后全球监测数据的早期发现

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70138

Marco Del Riccio, Jojanneke van Summeren, Saverio Caini, Koos van der Velden, Aura Timen

We studied worldwide influenza surveillance data (2022–2024), particularly in 145 countries and 260 country-seasons: influenza A represented 77.2% of identified cases, rising from 72.5% prepandemic, with A-dominated seasons increasing from 84.6% to 92.3%. During the same period, B/Yamagata was not detected and uncharacterized B cases dropped from 21.0% to 7.5%, possibly reflecting improved surveillance efforts. These results highlight postpandemic changes in influenza circulation and have important implications for vaccine composition, virus monitoring, and global prevention strategies.

我们研究了全球流感监测数据（2022-2024年），特别是145个国家和260个国家的流感季节：甲型流感占确诊病例的77.2%，从大流行前的72.5%上升到92.3%，甲型流感占主导季节从84.6%上升到92.3%。在同一时期，B/Yamagata未被发现，无特征的B病例从21.0%下降到7.5%，这可能反映了监测工作的改善。这些结果突出了流感大流行后流感传播的变化，并对疫苗组成、病毒监测和全球预防战略具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

Impact of Ventilation on Respiratory Virus Transmission in College Residence Hall Cohorts: Potential for Causal Inference About Mode of Transmission 通风对大学宿舍呼吸道病毒传播的影响：对传播方式的潜在因果推断

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70133

T. Louis Gold, Kathleen M. McPhaul, Huang Lin, Ryan Doughty, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Filbert Hong, Jianyu Lai, Todd J. Treangen, Jelena Srebric, Donald K. Milton

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic focused attention on airborne-inhalation transmission and building ventilation. However, investment in solutions lags because few epidemiologic studies demonstrate a causal effect of ventilation on acute respiratory infection (ARI) transmission. This highlights a need for improved study designs to support causal inference.

Methods

To investigate the potential for causal inference, we analyzed prospective cohorts residing in a high-ventilation (HVent, ≥ 5 L/s per person) or a neighboring low-ventilation (LVent, < 5 L/s per person) college residence hall during two spring semesters (2018 and 2019). Swab samples, analyzed using a PCR panel for respiratory pathogens, were collected based on self-reported symptoms and contacts. Our analysis focused on roommate pairs where both had been tested within a 2-week period. Roommate pairs with concordant positive PCR results were categorized as possible transmission events. We used genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to identify probable transmission clusters and events.

Results

We analyzed data from 368 cohort participants (82 HVent and 286 LVent), including 60 person-infections, with a trend toward 54% lower ARI risk among students living in HVent versus LVent residence halls. We identified 97 roommate pairs, 64 two-week intervals where both members were tested, 36 (2 HVent and 34 LVent) intervals with ≥ 1 infection, and four possible transmission events (all LVent). Sequence data available for two of the four events confirmed one probable transmission cluster and one probable transmission event.

Conclusions

Future college dorm transmission studies should prioritize enrolling roommates rather than individuals, measuring ventilation, and confirming transmission events through whole genome sequencing.

背景SARS-CoV-2大流行的重点是空气吸入传播和建筑物通风。然而，对解决方案的投资滞后，因为很少有流行病学研究表明通气对急性呼吸道感染（ARI）传播有因果影响。这突出表明需要改进研究设计以支持因果推理。方法为了调查因果推断的可能性，我们分析了2018年和2019年两个春季学期（HVent，≥5 L/s /人）居住在高通风（HVent，≥5 L/s /人）或邻近低通风（LVent, <； 5 L/s /人）大学宿舍的前瞻性队列。根据自我报告的症状和接触者收集棉签样本，使用呼吸道病原体PCR试剂盒进行分析。我们的分析集中在两对室友身上，他们都在两周内接受了测试。PCR结果一致阳性的室友被归类为可能的传播事件。我们使用基因测序和系统发育分析来确定可能的传播集群和事件。结果：我们分析了来自368名队列参与者（82名HVent和286名LVent）的数据，其中包括60人感染，住在HVent的学生与住在LVent的学生相比，ARI风险降低54%。我们确定了97对室友，64个两周间隔对所有成员进行检测，36个（2个HVent和34个LVent）间隔≥1次感染，以及4个可能的传播事件（均为LVent）。四个事件中两个事件的现有序列数据证实了一个可能的传播群集和一个可能的传播事件。结论未来的大学宿舍传播研究应优先招收室友而不是个体，测量通气性，并通过全基因组测序确认传播事件。

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引用次数: 0

Aetiological Fraction of Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Infants Aged < 1 Year Hospitalised With Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Medical Illness in South Africa, 2016–2018 2016-2018年南非因呼吸道和非呼吸道疾病住院的1岁以下婴儿中流感、呼吸道合胞病毒和其他呼吸道病原体的病原学分析

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70135

Nicole Wolter, Cheryl Cohen, Anne von Gottberg, Stefano Tempia, Jocelyn Moyes, Claire von Mollendorf, Florette K. Treurnicht, Orienka Hellferscee, Kathleen Subramoney, Malefu Moleleki, Cayla Reddy, Lorens Maake, Mvuyo Makhasi, Neydis Baute, Sibongile Walaza

Background

Understanding the contribution of pathogens to respiratory illness in infants is important to guide interventions. We assessed the aetiology of respiratory pathogens among infants hospitalised with respiratory and non-respiratory illness.

Methods

We conducted an unmatched case–control study among infants aged < 1 year. Cases were admitted with acute respiratory and non-respiratory illness in November 2016–October 2018. Controls were infants presenting for immunisation with no reported illness. Nasopharyngeal aspirates and blood were tested using multi-pathogen real-time PCR. Aetiological fraction (AF) was calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for HIV, age, season and pathogens with higher prevalence in cases than controls. Factors associated with respiratory illness hospitalisation were assessed using logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 1214 cases (846 respiratory, 368 non-respiratory) and 684 controls were included. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (AF 94.0%), influenza (AF 72.6%) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (AF 74.9%) were significantly attributable to respiratory illness hospitalisation. Klebsiella pneumoniae had significant AF in both respiratory (AF 48.0%) and non-respiratory (AF 60.7%) hospitalisation. HIV exposure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.0) and living with HIV (aOR 6.6, 95%CI 2.1–20.5), underlying illness (aOR 4.8, 95%CI 1.3–17.6), malnutrition (aOR 6.0, 95%CI 4.0–8.9), infection with RSV (aOR 19.7, 95%CI 11.4–34.1), influenza (aOR 5.7, 95%CI 2.3–14.1) or HMPV (aOR 4.1, 95%CI 2.0–8.6) were associated with respiratory illness hospitalisation.

Conclusions

Maternal immunisation to prevent severe RSV and influenza illness in infants should be prioritised. In addition, improved infant nutrition and the prevention of HIV-infection and HIV-exposure could reduce the high burden of severe respiratory illness.

背景了解病原体对婴儿呼吸道疾病的影响对指导干预措施具有重要意义。我们评估了呼吸道和非呼吸道疾病住院婴儿呼吸道病原体的病因学。方法我们在1岁的婴儿中进行了一项无与伦比的病例对照研究。病例于2016年11月至2018年10月因急性呼吸道和非呼吸道疾病入院。对照组为接受免疫接种且未报告疾病的婴儿。采用多病原体实时荧光定量PCR检测鼻咽吸出液和血液。使用逻辑回归计算病原学分数（AF），调整HIV、年龄、季节和病例中患病率高于对照组的病原体。使用logistic回归评估与呼吸系统疾病住院相关的因素。结果共纳入1214例（呼吸系统846例，非呼吸系统368例），对照组684例。呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）（AF 94.0%）、流感（AF 72.6%）和人偏肺病毒（HMPV）（AF 74.9%）显著归因于呼吸道疾病住院。肺炎克雷伯菌在呼吸道住院（房颤48.0%）和非呼吸道住院（房颤60.7%）均有显著房颤。HIV暴露（校正优势比[aOR] 1.5, 95%可信区间[CI] 1.1-2.0）、HIV携带者（aOR 6.6, 95%CI 2.1-20.5）、基础疾病（aOR 4.8, 95%CI 1.3-17.6）、营养不良（aOR 6.0, 95%CI 4.0-8.9）、RSV感染（aOR 19.7, 95%CI 11.4-34.1）、流感（aOR 5.7, 95%CI 2.3-14.1）或HMPV （aOR 4.1, 95%CI 2.0-8.6）与呼吸道疾病住院相关。结论预防婴幼儿严重呼吸道合胞病毒和流感疾病应优先考虑孕产妇免疫接种。此外，改善婴儿营养和预防艾滋病毒感染和接触艾滋病毒可以减轻严重呼吸道疾病的沉重负担。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic Evolution of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in Türkiye Between 2017 and 2023 2017 - 2023年季节性甲型流感病毒<s:1>基耶病毒血凝素基因的遗传进化

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70134

M. Ekin Azbazdar, Mert Dikmenogullari, Zeynep Kavalci, Zeynep A. Koçer

Background

Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a major global health concern, causing up to 650,000 deaths annually. Over the past century, four influenza pandemics have occurred, with H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes becoming endemic in humans. The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, essential for viral entry and a key vaccine target, contains critical antigenic sites. While antigenic drift enables immune evasion, certain substitutions can affect protein stability and intraprotein interactions, influencing viral fitness.

Methods

This study employed a Bayesian approach to investigate the phylogenetic origins of full-length HA genes from seasonal IAVs circulating in Izmir, Türkiye (2017–2023). Publicly available HA sequences from Türkiye were incorporated to assess selection pressures using four models available on Datamonkey and to examine antigenic mismatches between circulating viruses and vaccine strains. The structural impact of positively selected substitution was analyzed via molecular dynamics simulations.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis identified four and six subclades for H1N1 and H3N2, respectively, revealing cocirculation of genetically distinct strains within the same season. Both subtypes were under negative selection, but the N260D substitution in H1N1 was consistently detected under positive selection across all models. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that this substitution may influence intraprotein dynamics with the vestigial esterase domain, introducing a transient electrostatic bond. Furthermore, H3N2 exhibited more antigenic mismatches than H1N1, including a novel mismatch in 2022–2023.

Conclusions

This is the first comprehensive study documenting the genetic evolution of IAVs in Türkiye over 6 years. Regional surveillance of antigenic changes can improve vaccine strain selection and vaccination strategies.

背景：季节性甲型流感病毒（iav）仍然是一个主要的全球卫生问题，每年造成多达65万人死亡。在过去的一个世纪里，发生了四次流感大流行，H3N2和H1N1亚型在人类中流行。血凝素（HA）糖蛋白是病毒进入所必需的，也是关键的疫苗靶点，含有关键的抗原位点。虽然抗原漂移可以使免疫逃避，但某些替代可以影响蛋白质稳定性和蛋白质内相互作用，从而影响病毒适应性。方法采用贝叶斯方法对2017-2023年在土耳其伊兹密尔流行的季节性禽流感HA全长基因的系统发育起源进行研究。利用Datamonkey上可用的四种模型，将来自 rkiye病毒的公开可用的HA序列纳入评估选择压力，并检查循环病毒与疫苗株之间的抗原不匹配。通过分子动力学模拟分析了正选择取代对结构的影响。结果甲型H1N1流感和甲型H3N2流感分别鉴定出4个和6个亚支，揭示了不同基因株在同一季节内的共循环。两种亚型均为阴性选择，但H1N1的N260D替代在所有模型的阳性选择下一致被检测到。分子动力学模拟表明，这种取代可能影响残留酯酶结构域的蛋白内动力学，引入瞬时静电键。此外，H3N2比H1N1表现出更多的抗原错配，包括2022-2023年的一种新的错配。本研究首次全面记录了基耶鱼6年来IAVs的遗传进化。抗原变化的区域监测可以改善疫苗株选择和疫苗接种策略。

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引用次数: 0

In-Hospital Mortality and Severe Respiratory and Renal Outcomes—A Territory-Wide Comparison Between RSV and Influenza 住院死亡率和严重呼吸道及肾脏疾病的结果- RSV与流感的全港比较

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70130

Wang Chun Kwok, Isaac Sze Him Leung, James Chung Man Ho, Chung Ki Tsui, David Chi Leung Lam, Mary Sau Man Ip, Kelvin Kai Wang To, Desmond Yat Hin Yap

Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus are important respiratory viruses. Although RSV vaccines have been developed and recommended for patients aged ≥ 60, there is limited data on the clinical impact among the non-elderly population. It is also important to know the patient subgroups that are at risk of complications from RSV infections.

Methods

We conducted a territory-wide retrospective study on adults hospitalized for RSV or influenza virus infection between 1/1/2016 and 6/30/2023 in Hong Kong. The in-patient mortality, severe respiratory failure (SRF), secondary bacterial pneumonia, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were compared. Subgroup analyses were performed in different age groups. The risk factors for mortality and serious respiratory outcomes were assessed.

Results

A total of 41,206 and 3565 patients were hospitalized for influenza and RSV infections. Patients with RSV infection showed a significantly higher risk of in-patient mortality, SRF, secondary bacterial pneumonia, and AKI compared with those with influenza (p < 0.001, for all), and the results were consistent for patients aged ≥ 60, < 60, and 50–59. End-stage kidney disease requiring real replacement therapy was an independent risk factor for in-patient mortality and serious respiratory outcomes in RSV infection across different age groups (p < 0.001, for all).

Conclusions

Adults hospitalized for RSV infection were associated with a significantly increased risk of in-patient mortality and adverse respiratory and kidney outcomes than those with influenza. The findings are consistent across various age groups, and the results call for an update on RSV vaccination recommendations in adults, especially for vulnerable subgroups.

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和流感病毒是重要的呼吸道病毒。尽管RSV疫苗已被开发并推荐用于≥60岁的患者，但关于非老年人群的临床影响的数据有限。了解有RSV感染并发症风险的患者亚组也很重要。方法对2016年1月1日至2023年6月30日期间香港因呼吸道合胞病毒或流感病毒感染住院的成人进行回顾性研究。比较住院死亡率、严重呼吸衰竭（SRF）、继发性细菌性肺炎和急性肾损伤（AKI）。对不同年龄组进行亚组分析。评估死亡率和严重呼吸系统结局的危险因素。结果因流感和呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院患者分别为41206例和3565例。与流感患者相比，RSV感染患者住院死亡率、SRF、继发性细菌性肺炎和AKI的风险明显更高（p < 0.001），并且对于年龄≥60岁的患者，结果也是一致的。60和50-59。需要真正替代治疗的终末期肾脏疾病是不同年龄组RSV感染患者住院死亡率和严重呼吸道结局的独立危险因素（p < 0.001）。结论：与流感患者相比，因呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院的成年人住院死亡率和不良呼吸道和肾脏预后的风险显著增加。这些发现在不同年龄组中是一致的，结果要求更新成人RSV疫苗接种建议，特别是针对易感亚组。

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引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Hospitalizations, Vaccine Uptake, Vaccination Guidelines, and Vaccine Availability in Six Middle-Income Countries and Areas in Europe, May 2022–April 2024 2022年5月至2024年4月，欧洲六个中等收入国家和地区的COVID-19住院率、疫苗接种、疫苗接种指南和疫苗可获得性

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70126

Erin Rachel Whitehouse, Paul Elish, Elona Kureta, Dragan Kochinski, Dragana Plavsa, Giorgi Chakhunashvili, Besfort Kryeziu, Sayragul Abdyldaeva, Miguel Angel Sanchez Ruiz, Sandra Cohuet, James Humphreys, Kujtim Mersini, Oksana Artemchuk, Maja Stosic, Olgha Tarkhan-Mouravi, Ariana Kalaveshi, Dinagul Otorbaeva, Kristina Stavridis, Silvia Bino, Marc-alain Widdowson, Eva Leidman, Iris Finci, Mark A. Katz

Background

Updated regional data on COVID-19 epidemiology and vaccination can inform vaccine policies and implementation strategies.

Methods

We used surveillance data on patients hospitalized from the European SARI Vaccine Effectiveness (EuroSAVE) network to describe COVID-19 epidemiology and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in six middle-income countries and areas (CAs) in the WHO European region during 2022–2024. For SARI patients, we collected data on demographics, comorbidities, vaccination status, and hospital course, and a respiratory specimen, which was tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. In October 2024, we surveyed national public health institute staff on national COVID-19 vaccine guidelines and availability.

Results

Of SARI patients, 833/3982 (20.9%) and 367/3752 (9.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during May 2022–April 2023 and May 2023–April 2024, respectively. Of COVID-19 patients, 857 (71.4%) were ≥60 years old and 713 (59.4%) had ≥1 comorbidity. A higher proportion of COVID-19 patients required mechanical ventilation (30 [8.2%] vs. 23 [2.8%], p <0.001) and intensive care (70 [8.4%] vs. 48 [13.1%], p =0.016) during May 2023–April 2024 compared to May 2022–April 2023. COVID-19 vaccination in the last 12 months decreased from 25% in 2022–2023 to 3% in 2023–2024. Most CAs had not updated their COVID-19 vaccination guidelines to recommend annual vaccination, and only two had vaccines available.

Conclusions

Although COVID-19 was associated with severe disease among SARI patients, COVID-19 vaccination uptake was low among priority populations recommended for vaccination by WHO guidance. Continued efforts to understand reasons for low vaccine uptake and improve vaccine access will help protect those at greatest risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality.

背景：关于COVID-19流行病学和疫苗接种的最新区域数据可以为疫苗政策和实施战略提供信息。方法利用欧洲急性呼吸道感染疫苗有效性（EuroSAVE）网络住院患者的监测数据，描述世卫组织欧洲地区6个中等收入国家和地区（CAs） 2022-2024年期间重症急性呼吸道感染（SARI）住院成人的COVID-19流行病学和COVID-19疫苗接种情况。对于急性呼吸道感染患者，我们收集了人口统计学、合并症、疫苗接种状况和住院过程的数据，并收集了呼吸道标本，通过RT-PCR检测了SARS-CoV-2。2024年10月，我们对国家公共卫生机构工作人员进行了关于国家COVID-19疫苗指南和可获得性的调查。结果在2022年5月至2023年4月和2023年5月至2024年4月期间，SARI患者中分别有833/3982（20.9%）和367/3752（9.8%）检测出SARS-CoV-2阳性。在COVID-19患者中，857例(71.4%)≥60岁，713例（59.4%）有≥1种合并症。与2022年5月至2023年4月相比，2023年5月至2024年4月期间，COVID-19患者需要机械通气的比例（30[8.2%]比23 [2.8%],p <0.001）和重症监护的比例（70[8.4%]比48 [13.1%],p =0.016）更高。过去12个月的COVID-19疫苗接种率从2022-2023年的25%降至2023-2024年的3%。大多数ca没有更新其COVID-19疫苗接种指南，以建议每年接种疫苗，只有两个ca有疫苗可用。结论：尽管COVID-19与严重急性呼吸道感染患者的严重疾病相关，但世卫组织指南推荐接种疫苗的重点人群中COVID-19疫苗接种率较低。继续努力了解疫苗接种率低的原因并改善疫苗获取，将有助于保护那些与covid -19相关的发病率和死亡率风险最高的人。

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引用次数: 0

Influenza Epidemiology in Finland During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Surveillance Data Analysis (2019–2024) 2019-2024年芬兰COVID-19大流行期间和之后的流感流行病学：监测数据分析

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70131

Ulrike Baum, Niina Ikonen, Oskari Luomala, Eero Poukka, Tuija Leino, Hanna Nohynek

Background

The Finnish influenza surveillance system combines traditional virological surveillance and analyses of electronic health records. This paper describes the influenza epidemiology in Finland (population: 5.5 million) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic based on national surveillance data from 2019 to 2024.

Methods

Influenza incidence was evaluated based on three register-based outcomes: laboratory-confirmed infections, primary health care visits, and hospitalizations. Virus-type distributions were analyzed from respiratory specimens. In register-based analyses, vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness were assessed for the two cohorts universally included in the Finnish vaccination program: children aged ≤ 6 years and adults aged ≥ 65 years.

Results

The 2019/2020 influenza epidemic ended with the introduction of COVID-19 containment measures. In 2020/2021, influenza was largely absent. The 2021/2022 epidemic peaked exceptionally late. Influenza activity returned to prepandemic levels in 2022/2023. None of the 717 sentinel specimens tested positive for B/Yamagata. Although the percentage of vaccinated young children was constant (31% [100,387/323,614] to 37% [126,984/346,344]), the percentage of vaccinated elderly people increased from 48% (577,404/1,211,732) in 2019/2020 to 63% (787,771/1,255,644) in 2021/2022. The vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization due to laboratory-confirmed influenza in young children and elderly people was 68% (95% confidence interval: 38%; 83%) and 42% (34%; 50%) in 2022/2023, respectively, and slightly lower in 2023/2024.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic had two potentially lasting effects on influenza: elimination of the B/Yamagata lineage and improved vaccination coverage in the elderly population in Finland. To strengthen the Finnish influenza surveillance system, participation in sentinel surveillance must be improved.

芬兰流感监测系统结合了传统的病毒学监测和电子健康记录分析。本文基于2019 - 2024年国家监测数据，对芬兰（人口550万）在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间和之后的流感流行病学进行了描述。方法流感发病率评估基于三个登记结果：实验室确诊感染、初级卫生保健就诊和住院。对呼吸道标本进行病毒型分布分析。在基于登记的分析中，评估了芬兰疫苗接种计划中普遍包括的两个队列的疫苗接种覆盖率和疫苗有效性：≤6岁的儿童和≥65岁的成年人。结果2019/2020年流感疫情随着疫情防控措施的出台而结束。2020/2021年，基本上没有流感。2021/2022年疫情的高峰异常晚。流感活动在2022/2023年恢复到大流行前的水平。717个哨点标本均未检测出B/Yamagata阳性。尽管接种疫苗的幼儿比例保持不变（31%[100,387/323,614]至37%[126,984/346,344]），但接种疫苗的老年人比例从2019/2020年的48%（577,404/1,211,732）上升至2021/2022年的63%（787,771/1,255,644）。针对幼儿和老年人因实验室确诊流感而住院的疫苗有效性为68%(95%可信区间：38%；83%)和42% (34%；2022/2023年分别为50%，2023/2024年略低。结论2019冠状病毒病大流行对流感有两个潜在的持久影响：消除B/山形谱系和提高芬兰老年人群的疫苗接种覆盖率。为了加强芬兰流感监测系统，必须加强对哨点监测的参与。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of Viral Aerosol Shedding by Mild and Moderately Symptomatic Community-Acquired and Nasally Inoculated Influenza A(H3) Infection 轻、中度症状社区获得性和鼻接种甲型H3流感病毒气溶胶脱落的比较

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70129

Jianyu Lai, P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, Filbert Hong, Tianzhou Ma, Benjamin J. Cowling, Donald K. Milton

Background

Nasally inoculated influenza cases reported milder symptoms and shed lower viral RNA load in exhaled breath aerosols (EBA) than people with classic influenza-like illness in a previous study. Whether nasally inoculated influenza is representative of mild natural influenza infection is unknown. We extend previous analyses to include a broader range of community-acquired cases.

Methods

We previously studied (A) volunteers intranasally inoculated with a dose of 5.5 log₁₀TCID₅₀ of influenza A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) and (B) cases with classic influenza-like illness including fever recruited in 2013. We now add (C) cases from a 2017–2019 surveillance cohort of college dormitory residents and their contacts and (D) cases from a university health center in 2019. All cases had an influenza A(H3) infection. We collected 30-min EBA samples using a Gesundheit-II sampler.

Results

Community-acquired cases from the surveillance cohort (C) shed more EBA viral RNA and were more symptomatic than the inoculated cases (A) but shed less viral RNA than the symptom-selected natural cases (B) from 2013, but not (D) from 2019. Despite similar symptoms to the 2013 selected cases (B), the 2019 community-acquired cases (D) recruited post-infection had lower fine aerosol viral RNA.

Conclusions

Nasal inoculation of influenza virus did not reproduce EBA viral RNA shedding or symptoms observed in mild natural infection. Circulating strains of influenza A(H3) may differ year-to-year in the extent to which symptomatic cases shed virus into fine aerosols. New models, including possibly aerosol inoculation, are needed to study viral aerosol shedding from the human respiratory tract.

背景：在先前的一项研究中，鼻接种流感病例报告的症状较轻，呼出气溶胶（EBA）中的病毒RNA载量较低。鼻接种流感是否代表轻度自然流感感染尚不清楚。我们扩展了以前的分析，以包括更广泛的社区获得性病例。方法我们之前研究了(A)志愿者鼻内接种5.5 log10TCID50剂量的甲型流感/威斯康星/67/2005 (H3N2), (B) 2013年招募的典型流感样疾病包括发烧的病例。我们现在增加了(C)来自2017-2019年大学宿舍居民及其接触者监测队列的病例和(D) 2019年来自大学卫生中心的病例。所有病例均为甲型（H3）流感感染。我们使用gesundhei - ii采样器收集30分钟的EBA样本。结果2013年监测队列社区获得性病例(C)比接种病例(A)释放更多的EBA病毒RNA，症状更明显，但比症状选择的自然病例(B)释放的病毒RNA少，而2019年监测队列社区获得性病例(D)没有。尽管与2013年入选病例(B)症状相似，但感染后招募的2019年社区获得性病例(D)的细气溶胶病毒RNA较低。结论鼻接种流感病毒不会重现EBA病毒RNA脱落或轻度自然感染症状。在有症状的病例将病毒传播到细小气溶胶的程度上，流行的甲型流感（H3）毒株每年可能有所不同。需要新的模型，包括可能的气溶胶接种，来研究病毒气溶胶从人类呼吸道脱落。

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引用次数: 0

Correction to “A Systematic Review of Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Immunocompromised Persons” 对“免疫功能低下人群中SARS-CoV-2长期脱落的系统综述”的更正

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70127

Christofferson, R., Giovanni, J., Koumans, E., Ategbole, M., Clark, S., Godfred-Cato, S., Menon, M., Sastalla, I., Schweitzer, B. and Uyeki, T. (2025), A Systematic Review of Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Immunocompromised Persons. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 19: e70121, https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70121.

The affiliations for Beth K. Schweitzer and Timothy M. Uyeki were listed incorrectly. The correct affiliation for both authors is “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.”

We apologize for this error.

Christofferson， R., Giovanni， J., Koumans， E., Ategbole， M., Clark， S., godfrey - cato， S., Menon， M., Sastalla， I., Schweitzer， B.和Uyeki， T.(2025)，免疫功能不全人群中SARS-CoV-2长期释放的系统评价。流感和其他呼吸道病毒，19:e70121, https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70121。贝丝·k·施韦策和蒂莫西·m·乌耶基的所属单位都列错了。两位作者的正确联系是“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia， USA”。我们为这个错误道歉。

引用次数: 0