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Regulatory issues surrounding the management of selenium-introduction to a special series of papers.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae005
Guy Gilron, Vince Palace

Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring metalloid in soils and rocks that is released by weathering processes; it is also enriched by some anthropogenic activities, including mining and agriculture. The mechanism of Se aquatic toxicity has been understood for several decades; at elevated concentrations, dietary Se can accumulate in maternal tissues of fish and birds, become deposited into their eggs, and can potentially result in impaired embryological development. North American environmental regulations have acknowledged differences in species sensitivity and variation among aquatic environments (i.e., lentic and lotic) that influence Se toxicity. The above subjects were thoroughly reviewed in a state-of-science SETAC Pellston workshop and book, entitled Ecological assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment, published in 2010. Since the publication of that book, regulatory guidance in North America has evolved further to enhance the protection of aquatic life exposed to Se. This IEAM special series entitled "Regulatory issues surrounding the management of selenium" is a compilation of recent research and reviews from North American experts addressing critical environmental, physiological, and operational factors warranting consideration in support of Se regulatory frameworks.

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引用次数: 0
RGB sensor integrated into unmanned aerial vehicle for monitoring cyanobacterial density in reservoirs.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae003
Will Jones Moura Soares da Silva, Alex Bruno da Silva Farias, Janiele França Nery, Emanuel Araújo Silva, Renato José Reis Molica

The proliferation of cyanobacteria has become a significant water management challenge due to the increasing eutrophication of water supply reservoirs. Cyanobacterial blooms thrive on elevated nutrient concentrations and form extensive green mats, disrupting the local ecosystem. Furthermore, many cyanobacterial species can produce toxins that are lethal to vertebrates called cyanotoxins. Traditional monitoring methods are inefficient for assessing water quality in reservoirs as a whole, given that sampling is only carried out in the catchment area for the public water supply, which exposes the population to the risk of contamination due to the multiple uses of these reservoirs. Therefore, novel monitoring methods supported by recent technological advances, such as the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are being tested for their effectiveness in monitoring cyanobacterial densities in aquatic ecosystems. This study analyzed UAV images of two water supply reservoirs to assess the effectiveness in monitoring cyanobacterial density. The UAVs were equipped with RGB sensors and flew over the study areas on the same day and at the same locations as water sampling performed for the determination of phytoplankton density, biovolume and chlorophyll-a. The phytoplankton community was dominated by cyanobacteria in both reservoirs. High coefficients of determination were obtained in the predictive models for chlorophyll-a concentration (r2 = 0.92), total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial densities (r2 = 0.89 and r2 = 0.97, respectively), and total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial biovolumes (r2 = 0.96 for both). Applying the predictive models to the orthomosaics generated from the UAV RGB images enabled the visualization of the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton and cyanobacterial biomass through distribution maps. This method has potential application in the management of water bodies that are crucial to the public water supply.

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引用次数: 0
Racing against an accelerating Climate Clock: it's all hands on deck.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae018
Sabine E Apitz
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引用次数: 0
The European regulatory system for plant protection products-cause of a "Silent Spring" or highly advanced and protective?
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae007
Carola Schriever, Bernhard Jene, Herbert Resseler, Robert Spatz, Robin Sur, Arnd Weyers, Mark Winter

Current publications that are shaping public perception repeatedly claim that residues of plant protection products (PPP) in the environment demonstrate gaps in assessing the exposure and effects of PPP, allegedly revealing the inability of the European regulatory system to prevent environmental contamination and damage such as biodiversity decline. The hypothesis is that environmental risk assessments rely on inappropriate predictive models that underestimate exposure and do not explicitly account for the impact of combinations of environmental stressors and physiological differences in stress responses. This article puts this criticism into context to allow for a more balanced evaluation of the European regulatory system for PPP. There is broad consensus that the decline in biodiversity is real. This article analyzed current literature for causes of this decline and of chemical contamination. The main drivers identified were land use changes and structural uniformity of agricultural landscapes or multiple contaminants emitted by various sources such as wastewater discharge systems. Comparing measured environmental concentrations from published monitoring studies with exposure predictions from the regulatory risk assessment reveals only slight occasional exceedances for a few environmental scenarios and compounds. Therefore, the call for greater conservatism in the European authorization process for PPPs will not lead to an improvement in the environmental situation. We suggest enhancing landscape diversity through the European Union Common Agricultural Policy and reducing contamination from wastewater and farmyard effluents. The current regulatory risk management toolbox should be expanded to include flexible localized mitigation measures and treatment options to reduce applied amounts and off-target exposure.

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引用次数: 0
Guidance on assessing the potential impacts of selenium in freshwater ecosystems. 淡水生态系统中硒的潜在影响评估指南。
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4969
Vince Palace, Stephanie Graves, Jessica Brandt

Despite decades of fate and effects studies, environmental selenium (Se) contamination and management remain an issue for many freshwater systems in North America. Several regulatory bodies have promulgated updated targets or management levels for Se; however, additional guidance on best practices for monitoring Se to protect freshwater aquatic life is warranted. In this article, we describe current approaches to assessing the ecological risks of Se in impaired freshwater systems and outline recommended methods for collecting and analyzing biological and abiotic samples and interpreting data. Because reproductive impairment of fish populations is most commonly used to determine the potential impacts of Se, several biological factors that could affect Se toxicity are explored, including diet, trophic positions, reproductive biology, body size and maturity, migratory movements, and use of seasonal habitats. Measuring Se concentrations in mature eggs is the most reliable metric for estimating potential reproductive impairment in fish populations because the range of toxicity thresholds is relatively narrow for all but a few tolerant fish species. In situations where collecting mature eggs is not feasible, we review the use of alternative fish tissue for estimating potential effects. Factors affecting Se uptake from freshwater are also considered with guidance on collecting abiotic (e.g., water and sediment) and biotic components of aquatic food webs (e.g., macroinvertebrates, biofilm).

尽管进行了数十年的转归和影响研究,环境硒(Se)污染和管理仍然是北美许多淡水系统面临的问题。一些监管机构已经颁布了硒的最新目标或管理水平;然而,还需要更多有关监测硒的最佳实践的指导,以保护淡水水生生物。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了目前评估受损淡水系统中 Se 的生态风险的方法,并概述了收集和分析生物及非生物样本以及解释数据的推荐方法。由于鱼类种群的生殖损伤最常用于确定 Se 的潜在影响,因此我们探讨了可能影响 Se 毒性的几个生物因素,包括饮食、营养位置、生殖生物学、体型和成熟度、洄游运动以及季节性栖息地的使用。测量成熟鱼卵中的 Se 浓度是估计鱼类种群潜在生殖损伤的最可靠指标,因为除少数耐受性鱼类外,所有鱼类的毒性阈值范围都相对较窄。在收集成熟鱼卵不可行的情况下,我们审查了使用替代鱼组织来估计潜在影响的方法。我们还考虑了影响淡水中 Se 吸收的因素,并就收集非生物(如水和沉积物)和水生食物网的生物成分(如大型无脊椎动物、生物膜)提供了指导。集成环境评估管理 2024;00:1-16。© 2024 SETAC.
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the sustainable development in the European Union: influence of municipal waste, industrial waste, and waste related patents.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae009
Selin Karlilar Pata, Ugur Korkut Pata

Waste has emerged as a pressing concern for the environment, primarily stemming from the processes of urbanization and industrialization. The substantial volumes of waste generated pose a serious threat to the environment, as they spread out harmful substances in the soil and release methane emissions into the atmosphere. To effectively address this issue, this study explores the impact of municipal and industrial waste, as well as waste-related innovation on the load capacity factor (LCF) from 2005 to 2020. For this purpose, the augmented mean group method and the half panel jackknife causality approach were conducted by using panel data from 17 European countries. The empirical findings show that (1) the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis is confirmed; (2) municipal and industrial waste have a detrimental effect on the LCF; and (3) innovation in waste management practices have no discernible impact on the LCF. In light of these findings, this study emphasizes the importance of efficient waste management for European countries to exploit the potential of waste as a valuable resource rather than a cause of pollution.

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引用次数: 0
REACH assessment of humans exposed to chemicals indirectly via the environment: screening modeling in EUSES versus state of the science.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae016
Frederik Verdonck, Leen Jansen, Susan A Csiszar, Craig Davis, Carolina Di Paolo, Todd Gouin, Elke Jensen, Diederik Schowanek, Matthias Wormuth, Johannes Tolls

The assessment of humans indirectly exposed to chemicals via the environment (HvE) is an assessment element of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is the default screening tool, aimed at prioritizing chemicals for further refinement/higher tier assessment. This review summarizes the approach used in EUSES, evaluates the state of the science in human exposure modeling via the environment, and identifies areas for further research to strengthen the confidence and applicability of EUSES for assessing HvE. It confirms that EUSES v2.2 does serve as a conservative screening tool for identifying potential human risk due to HvE (via consumption of crops, meat and milk, fish, drinking water, and inhalation). However, certain submodels within EUSES have not been updated for at least two decades. For example, for highly soluble or highly hydrophobic or ionized organic substances, substance parameters are estimated based on outdated predictive models. We recommend to also update the REACH Technical Guidance to highlight possible refinements in HvE assessments as well as the integration of measured and (bio)monitoring data. Addressing limitations in the EUSES applicability domain, particularly for highly soluble and highly hydrophobic organic substances and ionized organics, would improve its applicability. We identified that some HvE submodels in EUSES could be readily updated to improve screening-level assessment in EUSES. In addition, updating the EUSES "food basket" using recent European Union food consumption data is crucial to accurately reflect recent dietary trends. Further research is required for prediction of leaf crop and drinking water exposure to better reflect the fate of chemicals in the environment. In particular for ionizable substances, research focused on QSAR (Quantitative Structure Acitivity Relationship) development and experimental measurement of fate properties is necessary to enhance the confidence of EUSES assessments.

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引用次数: 0
Books and Other Reviews.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae012
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring wetland cover changes and land surface temperatures using remote sensing and GIS in Göksu Delta.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae015
Pınar Gültürk Doğruyol

Wetlands provide necessary ecosystem services, such as climate regulation and contribution to biodiversity at global and local scales, and they face spatial changes due to natural and anthropogenic factors. The degradation of the characteristic structure signals potential severe threats to biodiversity. This study aimed to monitor the long-term spatial changes of the Göksu Delta, a critical Ramsar site, using remote sensing techniques. It seeks to analyze the relationship between these changes and land surface temperature (LST) and predict future land use patterns through machine learning (ML) methods. In this context, the normalized difference vegetation index, modified normalized difference water index, normalized difference bareness index, and normalized difference moisture index remote sensing spectral index analyses and LST maps were generated using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite imagery for 1985, 2000, 2015, and 2023. Kappa accuracy assessments demonstrated a high level of agreement between the generated maps and ground truth data. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the consistency of the relationship between spectral index analyses and LST, revealing a statistically significant correlation at the 0.01 level. The study revealed that Lake Akgöl lost 58.85% of its water body over the 38 years of monitoring the delta. This loss was primarily attributed to increased LST and human activities. The land use land cover model for the year 2031, developed using artificial neural networks and cellular automata from ML methods, projected a 7.50% decrease in total water bodies, a 46.94% reduction in vegetated areas, and a 36.85% increase in nonvegetated areas. In conclusion, it was emphasized that the adverse land use trends within the Göksu Delta are expected to persist, degrading its ecosystem services and values. In this context, the study's findings can be utilized to identify strong strategies for protecting the delta.

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引用次数: 0
Review of Indian studies on environmental impact assessment.
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/inteam/vjae004
Kritika, Anjali Sharma

Environmental clearance in India is a legal instrument that determines potential environmental implication of organized projects in India. It entails an assessment of sensitive projects, focal points, and proposals that have potential and likely effects on social, environmental, and economic matters before they are commenced. The intended goal of this procedure is to detect negative effects on local societies, the environment in this case, so as to foster sustainable development. In India, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is governed by the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and EIA Notification, 2006, that outline how and what EIAs should be prepared for different projects. Subsequent research has been executed on various aspects of EIA in a bid to improve the utility of the assessment tool in the Indian environment. This article provides a rigorous synthesis of existing literature on the subject of EIA in the context of India. A total of 47 research papers related to the subject were retrieved and subjected to a rigorous analysis through the PRISMA method. The objectives of the research are (1) to assess existing literature for the effectiveness of EIA processes in different contexts and identify gaps or areas for improvement; (2) to compile and synthesize findings from various studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of EIA research in India; (3) to identify patterns and indicators across different studies; (4) to analyze the evolution of environmental policies related to EIA in India and assess their impact; and (5) to provide recommendations for future research directions, policy enhancements, and practical improvements in the EIA process in India based on the synthesized findings. These summaries the comprehensive characteristic of the EIA studies related to India that might be useful for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in environmental management and sustainable development interventions in India.

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引用次数: 0
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Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
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