Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.26
R. Eckersley
For over two centuries, technological innovation has been closely linked to the notion of progress, especially in developed nations. Progress has been largely defined and measured in material - that is, economic - terms, and research and development (R and D) have been directed increasingly towards improving economic performance. The fundamental assumptions behind 'going for growth' are that it enhances welfare and is sustainable. But does it and is it? The relationships between economic growth, quality of life and ecological sustainability are coming under close and critical scrutiny in the research community. This debate has important implications for strategic planning for R and D.
两个多世纪以来，技术创新一直与进步的概念密切相关，尤其是在发达国家。进步在很大程度上是用物质即经济术语来定义和衡量的，研究和发展(R and D)越来越多地指向改善经济绩效。“追求增长”背后的基本假设是，它能提高福利，而且是可持续的。但这是真的吗?经济增长、生活质量和生态可持续性之间的关系正受到研究界密切而关键的审视。这场辩论对研发的战略规划具有重要意义。
{"title":"Innovation and shifting paradigms of progress","authors":"R. Eckersley","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.26","url":null,"abstract":"For over two centuries, technological innovation has been closely linked to the notion of progress, especially in developed nations. Progress has been largely defined and measured in material - that is, economic - terms, and research and development (R and D) have been directed increasingly towards improving economic performance. The fundamental assumptions behind 'going for growth' are that it enhances welfare and is sustainable. But does it and is it? The relationships between economic growth, quality of life and ecological sustainability are coming under close and critical scrutiny in the research community. This debate has important implications for strategic planning for R and D.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"9 1","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73501014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.5-6.10
E. Razvi
SummaryThis article presents an overview of the valuation strategy constructed by the author, with assistance from former colleagues from Biotechnology Industry Research of Frost & Sullivan, for determining the inherent value of a given genomicsbased therapeutic category of technology. The methodology focuses upon future market opportunities (in prospective sales of pharmaceuticals) and their relevance in terms of current dollars invested in constructing these paradigms.
{"title":"The Business of Pharmacogenomics: Assessing Biotechnology’s Promise in Quantitative Terms","authors":"E. Razvi","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.5-6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.5-6.10","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThis article presents an overview of the valuation strategy constructed by the author, with assistance from former colleagues from Biotechnology Industry Research of Frost & Sullivan, for determining the inherent value of a given genomicsbased therapeutic category of technology. The methodology focuses upon future market opportunities (in prospective sales of pharmaceuticals) and their relevance in terms of current dollars invested in constructing these paradigms.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"10-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74412552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.11
P. Suwannaporn, M. Speece
Changes in food consumption patterns and the growth of international megabrands have put pressure on the Thai food industry, especially in new product development (NPD). This paper, based on research on the food industry in Thailand, shows that the industry has relatively low R and D intensity, gnerally competing more through marketing activities than through innovative NPD. The article describes the industry's approach to NPD, suggesting that innovation is often sourced from mergers and acquisitions and multinationals for products and from suppliers for processes. The paper recommends some strategic and organization changes the industry may need to consider if it is to compete for global food markets.
{"title":"New Product Development in the Thai Food Industry","authors":"P. Suwannaporn, M. Speece","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in food consumption patterns and the growth of international megabrands have put pressure on the Thai food industry, especially in new product development (NPD). This paper, based on research on the food industry in Thailand, shows that the industry has relatively low R and D intensity, gnerally competing more through marketing activities than through innovative NPD. The article describes the industry's approach to NPD, suggesting that innovation is often sourced from mergers and acquisitions and multinationals for products and from suppliers for processes. The paper recommends some strategic and organization changes the industry may need to consider if it is to compete for global food markets.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82541612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Steven Burrill has been involved in biotechnology since it first spawned an 'industry'. A member of the board of several biotechnology companies and internationally recognized industry advisor, he now heads up a San Francisco-based life-sciences focused merchant bank with its own venture capital investment fund. This article provides an expert's overview of the structure of the biotechnology industry and the hurdles and rewards that may be encountered in investing in it.
G. Steven Burrill从生物技术第一次产生一个“产业”开始就参与其中。作为几家生物技术公司的董事会成员和国际公认的行业顾问，他现在领导着一家总部位于旧金山的专注于生命科学的商业银行，该银行拥有自己的风险投资基金。这篇文章提供了一个专家对生物技术产业结构的概述，以及投资它可能遇到的障碍和回报。
{"title":"Biotechnology: Structure, challenges, and opportunities of a global industry in transition","authors":"G. Burrill","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"G. Steven Burrill has been involved in biotechnology since it first spawned an 'industry'. A member of the board of several biotechnology companies and internationally recognized industry advisor, he now heads up a San Francisco-based life-sciences focused merchant bank with its own venture capital investment fund. This article provides an expert's overview of the structure of the biotechnology industry and the hurdles and rewards that may be encountered in investing in it.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75857708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.10
F. Janis, Sangho Lee
SummaryThe techmart process is used increasingly to help technology-based companies and R&D organizations identify new markets and investors and to help investors locate promising new technologies. This article reviews the experience of several firms participating in recent Techmarts supported by the Republic of Korea. It identifies the factors which should be addressed by participants and organizers to enhance the value of participation, and is relevant to any new technology trade show or exhibition which aims to link technology developers and investors. It points in particular to the need for participants to consider models of international technology commercialization other than the licensing approach which is common in intra-national approaches to technology transfer.
{"title":"An Evaluation of the Techmart Process for the International Transfer of Technology Between SME’s","authors":"F. Janis, Sangho Lee","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe techmart process is used increasingly to help technology-based companies and R&D organizations identify new markets and investors and to help investors locate promising new technologies. This article reviews the experience of several firms participating in recent Techmarts supported by the Republic of Korea. It identifies the factors which should be addressed by participants and organizers to enhance the value of participation, and is relevant to any new technology trade show or exhibition which aims to link technology developers and investors. It points in particular to the need for participants to consider models of international technology commercialization other than the licensing approach which is common in intra-national approaches to technology transfer.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"205 1","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86840520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.5-6.3
R. Edwards, A. Howell
This paper examines the strategic issues associated with the establishment and operation of multinational corporations (MNCs) in foreign markets. It focuses on the implications of MNC strategy for research and development (RD MNC subsidiary roles and functions; internationalisation of R&D. The paper discusses these themes in relation to the Australian context, which has received little attention, and proposes research issues in international R&D. It concludes that government policy which aims to attract MNCs to a host country as part of a strategy for economic development can optimize the benefits by distinguishing between types of companies, focusing particular attention on those which give their subsidiary responsibility for new product development, manufacturing and export marketing.
{"title":"Multinational Corporation Strategy: Implications for Research and Development","authors":"R. Edwards, A. Howell","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.5-6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.5-6.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the strategic issues associated with the establishment and operation of multinational corporations (MNCs) in foreign markets. It focuses on the implications of MNC strategy for research and development (RD MNC subsidiary roles and functions; internationalisation of R&D. The paper discusses these themes in relation to the Australian context, which has received little attention, and proposes research issues in international R&D. It concludes that government policy which aims to attract MNCs to a host country as part of a strategy for economic development can optimize the benefits by distinguishing between types of companies, focusing particular attention on those which give their subsidiary responsibility for new product development, manufacturing and export marketing.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"70 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81553121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.25
G. A. Bell
SummaryAn earlier article in r&D Enterprise-Asia Pacific (Suwannaporn and Speece, vol 1 no 2–3) suggested that food manufacturers in Thailand sometimes adapt products launched in the Thai markets when the would-be exporter vacates the market. Suwannaporn and Speece note that local manufacturers sometimes successfully adapt the ‘failed’ product to local tastes and other preferences. Such failures are expensive for manufacturers, particularly in the food industry where the costs of launching a new product may be considerable. This article suggests that exportoriented food product developers may substantially improve their chances of success by conducting sensory research in the target market. The article is also relevant to product developers in other industries who aim to launch products into new markets in Asia.
《r&D Enterprise-Asia Pacific》(Suwannaporn and Speece，第1卷第2-3期)早期的一篇文章指出，当潜在出口商撤出泰国市场时，泰国的食品制造商有时会调整在泰国市场推出的产品。Suwannaporn和Speece指出，当地制造商有时会成功地将“失败”的产品改造成当地人的口味和其他偏好。这种失败对制造商来说代价高昂，尤其是在食品行业，推出新产品的成本可能相当高。本文建议出口型食品开发人员通过对目标市场进行感官研究，可以大大提高其成功的机会。这篇文章也与其他行业的产品开发商有关，他们的目标是将产品推向亚洲的新市场。
{"title":"Matching Product Development and Asian Tastes to Improve Product Success","authors":"G. A. Bell","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.4.25","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryAn earlier article in r&D Enterprise-Asia Pacific (Suwannaporn and Speece, vol 1 no 2–3) suggested that food manufacturers in Thailand sometimes adapt products launched in the Thai markets when the would-be exporter vacates the market. Suwannaporn and Speece note that local manufacturers sometimes successfully adapt the ‘failed’ product to local tastes and other preferences. Such failures are expensive for manufacturers, particularly in the food industry where the costs of launching a new product may be considerable. This article suggests that exportoriented food product developers may substantially improve their chances of success by conducting sensory research in the target market. The article is also relevant to product developers in other industries who aim to launch products into new markets in Asia.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"13 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76596703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.16
S. Peterson
SummaryThis paper outlines how Nabisco Inc. put in place a ‘best practice’ approach to product development closely tied to a corporate-wide strategy for technology investment, development, and management. The approach described in this paper is based upon a number of stages, including: improved understanding of consumer and business needs; identification of and investment in the ‘right mix’ of projects; continued reference to corporate strategic priorities; appropriate IP protection and portfolio management; and leveraging technology investment to support a range of product lines and categories.
{"title":"Linking Consumer Market Needs and Corporate Technology Development: A Strategic Approach in Nabisco","authors":"S. Peterson","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.2-3.16","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThis paper outlines how Nabisco Inc. put in place a ‘best practice’ approach to product development closely tied to a corporate-wide strategy for technology investment, development, and management. The approach described in this paper is based upon a number of stages, including: improved understanding of consumer and business needs; identification of and investment in the ‘right mix’ of projects; continued reference to corporate strategic priorities; appropriate IP protection and portfolio management; and leveraging technology investment to support a range of product lines and categories.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"72 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84985840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.1.19
J. Marcure
Marketing scientific research and related technical services to industry is of increasing importance to research laboratories facing declining government funding. At the same time, many firms see such organizations as attractive potential resources, including previously inaccessible large-scale research expertise and infrastructure. However, experience of both private firms and government labs in working together is relatively limited. Concepts from services marketing, with its strong focus on customer needs, can help facilitate the linkages. This article shows that these concepts should be applied to marketing short-term R&D and technical services. When marketing longer term research, however, insights into customer needs will be of little help in facilitating alliances to commercialize technologies for which no known market exists. What does the market tell us that is important in finding potential allies? Venture capitalists and other investors considering longer term research as an investment possibility look for a track record, platform technologies, commercially aware researchers, and how convincingly and creatively the research provider helps the investor manage risk.
{"title":"Approaches to marketing scientific research services","authors":"J. Marcure","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Marketing scientific research and related technical services to industry is of increasing importance to research laboratories facing declining government funding. At the same time, many firms see such organizations as attractive potential resources, including previously inaccessible large-scale research expertise and infrastructure. However, experience of both private firms and government labs in working together is relatively limited. Concepts from services marketing, with its strong focus on customer needs, can help facilitate the linkages. This article shows that these concepts should be applied to marketing short-term R&D and technical services. When marketing longer term research, however, insights into customer needs will be of little help in facilitating alliances to commercialize technologies for which no known market exists. What does the market tell us that is important in finding potential allies? Venture capitalists and other investors considering longer term research as an investment possibility look for a track record, platform technologies, commercially aware researchers, and how convincingly and creatively the research provider helps the investor manage risk.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"271 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75138240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
'Quicklook' is a methodology used at the NASA Mid-Continent Technology Transfer Center to provide a preliminary assessment of the commercial potential of a new technology. Although 'Quicklook' results do not replace exhaustive research, they may provide an early indication of probable commercial interest in an idea, invention, or area of research which may give the inventors or sponsoring organization sufficient information to make a 'go/no go' decision to proceed to the next stage in the commercialization process. This article describes the basic steps in a 'Quicklook' assessment.
{"title":"'Quicklook' commercialization assessments","authors":"Brett Cornwell","doi":"10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5172/IMPP.1998.1.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"'Quicklook' is a methodology used at the NASA Mid-Continent Technology Transfer Center to provide a preliminary assessment of the commercial potential of a new technology. Although 'Quicklook' results do not replace exhaustive research, they may provide an early indication of probable commercial interest in an idea, invention, or area of research which may give the inventors or sponsoring organization sufficient information to make a 'go/no go' decision to proceed to the next stage in the commercialization process. This article describes the basic steps in a 'Quicklook' assessment.","PeriodicalId":13564,"journal":{"name":"Innovation-management Policy & Practice","volume":"2 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85184128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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