Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231205792
Fatma Nur Eraslan, Özlem Özden Üzmez, Eftade O. Gaga
This study provides information about PM 2.5 indoor–outdoor mass concentrations, indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O) and health risks associated with PM 2.5 inhalation in seven various retail stores: photocopy centre, bakery, restaurant, hairdresser, dry cleaner, grocery store and hotel. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements were performed in all retail stores in both summer and winter seasons, weekdays and weekends, and also during busy and less-active hours to obtain a realistic exposure assessment. According to the results, indoor PM 2.5 levels in the winter season were comparatively higher than those measured in the summer season. The highest PM 2.5 concentrations were measured at the hairdresser (3076.0 ± 1345.5 µg/m 3 ) and restaurant (2138.1 ± 636.4 µg/m 3 ) in each sampling period in winter. I/O ratios of >1 were obtained at the hairdresser (7.3–72.3) and restaurant (1.6–17.3) in the winter season and at the hairdresser (1.3–12.7) and dry cleaner (1.1–1.7) in the summer season in all measurement periods. Quite high indoor PM 2.5 concentrations and consequently high I/O ratios indicated a strong contribution from indoor sources rather than infiltration of ambient air. Non-carcinogenic health risks due to PM 2.5 exposure were evaluated by estimating hazard quotient (HQ) values, and all HQ values were above the acceptable limit of 1 defined by US EPA for the photocopy centre, hairdresser and dry cleaner in both seasons. The results showed that indoor activities at the retail stores were significant for indoor PM 2.5 levels as well as occupational health risks faced by employees at retail stores.
{"title":"Indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in various retail stores in an urban city: Levels, sources and health risk assessment","authors":"Fatma Nur Eraslan, Özlem Özden Üzmez, Eftade O. Gaga","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231205792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231205792","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides information about PM 2.5 indoor–outdoor mass concentrations, indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O) and health risks associated with PM 2.5 inhalation in seven various retail stores: photocopy centre, bakery, restaurant, hairdresser, dry cleaner, grocery store and hotel. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements were performed in all retail stores in both summer and winter seasons, weekdays and weekends, and also during busy and less-active hours to obtain a realistic exposure assessment. According to the results, indoor PM 2.5 levels in the winter season were comparatively higher than those measured in the summer season. The highest PM 2.5 concentrations were measured at the hairdresser (3076.0 ± 1345.5 µg/m 3 ) and restaurant (2138.1 ± 636.4 µg/m 3 ) in each sampling period in winter. I/O ratios of >1 were obtained at the hairdresser (7.3–72.3) and restaurant (1.6–17.3) in the winter season and at the hairdresser (1.3–12.7) and dry cleaner (1.1–1.7) in the summer season in all measurement periods. Quite high indoor PM 2.5 concentrations and consequently high I/O ratios indicated a strong contribution from indoor sources rather than infiltration of ambient air. Non-carcinogenic health risks due to PM 2.5 exposure were evaluated by estimating hazard quotient (HQ) values, and all HQ values were above the acceptable limit of 1 defined by US EPA for the photocopy centre, hairdresser and dry cleaner in both seasons. The results showed that indoor activities at the retail stores were significant for indoor PM 2.5 levels as well as occupational health risks faced by employees at retail stores.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"C-35 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to explore the potential contributions of the siesta on nocturnal sleeping quality and respiratory immunity under thermoneutral environments, an experimental study was conducted under the thermoneutral environment. In this experiment, 20 subjects were recruited and divided into two groups, one of which had siesta while the other did not but acted as a control group. During the experiment at 25°C, the sleeping patterns, including the slow wave sleeping (SWS) duration, light sleeping (N1, N2 periods) duration, as well as the rapid eye movement (REM) duration, were recorded continuously. Meanwhile, the concentration of the salivary secretory immunoglobulin E (S-IgE), which acted as a biomarker of respiratory immunity, was also measured. Results showed that the mean skin temperature (MST) of the siesta group was 0.37°C lower than that of the control group. In addition, a slight increase (0.1°C) in core temperature was detected in the siesta group. Furthermore, results indicated that both the SWS and REM sleeping durations of the siesta group were reduced, while elevations were observed during the light sleeping duration. However, the subjective evaluation of the nocturnal sleeping quality of the siesta group was improved by 2.9 points. Finally, a higher S-IgE concentration was detected in the siesta group. This study revealed that the siesta might affect the nocturnal sleeping patterns; meanwhile, the changes in S-IgE might correspond to an improvement in respiratory immunity.
{"title":"Respiratory immunity responses and nocturnal sleeping quality alterations under thermoneutral environments: Does the siesta matter?","authors":"Shimin Liang, Liping Chen, Hui Zhu, Xiaohui Tian, Huili Yu","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231204808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231204808","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explore the potential contributions of the siesta on nocturnal sleeping quality and respiratory immunity under thermoneutral environments, an experimental study was conducted under the thermoneutral environment. In this experiment, 20 subjects were recruited and divided into two groups, one of which had siesta while the other did not but acted as a control group. During the experiment at 25°C, the sleeping patterns, including the slow wave sleeping (SWS) duration, light sleeping (N1, N2 periods) duration, as well as the rapid eye movement (REM) duration, were recorded continuously. Meanwhile, the concentration of the salivary secretory immunoglobulin E (S-IgE), which acted as a biomarker of respiratory immunity, was also measured. Results showed that the mean skin temperature (MST) of the siesta group was 0.37°C lower than that of the control group. In addition, a slight increase (0.1°C) in core temperature was detected in the siesta group. Furthermore, results indicated that both the SWS and REM sleeping durations of the siesta group were reduced, while elevations were observed during the light sleeping duration. However, the subjective evaluation of the nocturnal sleeping quality of the siesta group was improved by 2.9 points. Finally, a higher S-IgE concentration was detected in the siesta group. This study revealed that the siesta might affect the nocturnal sleeping patterns; meanwhile, the changes in S-IgE might correspond to an improvement in respiratory immunity.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231206881
Fang Wang, Jing He, Pengcheng Xue, Xie Hu
{"title":"The adaptation of cultural heritage in built environments","authors":"Fang Wang, Jing He, Pengcheng Xue, Xie Hu","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231206881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231206881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"23 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231204512
Guan-Yuan Wu, Masayuki Mizuno, SeongKyung Park
The main aim of this study is to investigate the numerical analysis of phased evacuation and validate the feasibility of high-rise buildings using the control volume model. Based on the same spatial configuration, the number of participants on each floor, and four-phased evacuations of an actual fire drill conducted by a Japanese academic group in 2018, the numerical analysis results for these phased evacuations of this high-rise building have been investigated. The numerical results are in good agreement with the fire drill data in the aspects of the total number of people reaching the ground floor, the space-time feature curve and the first participant on each floor descending to the ground floor. The changes in the number of waiting participants versus time on each floor were obtained and compared in this study with the fire drill data to comprehend the transient situations of the internal participants in this high-rise building during the phased evacuation. Furthermore, the results of the first-order approximation method of NFPA, the Melinek and Booth method and the Route B calculation of the Japanese Building Center Verification Method for the total building evacuation are presented to discuss the differences between the phased evacuation and the total building evacuation.
{"title":"Numerical analysis and validation on the phased evacuation time in high-rise buildings","authors":"Guan-Yuan Wu, Masayuki Mizuno, SeongKyung Park","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231204512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231204512","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study is to investigate the numerical analysis of phased evacuation and validate the feasibility of high-rise buildings using the control volume model. Based on the same spatial configuration, the number of participants on each floor, and four-phased evacuations of an actual fire drill conducted by a Japanese academic group in 2018, the numerical analysis results for these phased evacuations of this high-rise building have been investigated. The numerical results are in good agreement with the fire drill data in the aspects of the total number of people reaching the ground floor, the space-time feature curve and the first participant on each floor descending to the ground floor. The changes in the number of waiting participants versus time on each floor were obtained and compared in this study with the fire drill data to comprehend the transient situations of the internal participants in this high-rise building during the phased evacuation. Furthermore, the results of the first-order approximation method of NFPA, the Melinek and Booth method and the Route B calculation of the Japanese Building Center Verification Method for the total building evacuation are presented to discuss the differences between the phased evacuation and the total building evacuation.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231207135
{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Airflow distribution in hospital isolation rooms with different ventilation and exhaust vent configurations'","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231207135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231207135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A post-occupancy study of the thermal environment and thermal comfort in office buildings certified with China’s one- to three-star green building label was compared with traditional office buildings. The results showed that the indoor temperature and air movement of both building types met the GB/T 50378, Green Building Evaluation Standard. The green office buildings outperformed conventional office buildings, and occupants had a more comfortable thermal perception and a higher satisfaction level. The three-star buildings were shown to produce the best performance. The comfort temperature range of office workers in green office buildings was about 4°C. The wider comfort temperature range suggests that employees in green office buildings are better adapted to their thermal environment and may have greater potential for energy savings in the design and intelligent operation of air-conditioning systems. The purpose of this study is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the indoor conditions of green office buildings in China, which may have implications for design decisions on green building practices, and provide guidance for the design and operation of green buildings that can create a better indoor environment with better energy consumption and carbon emission while ensuring indoor thermal comfort.
{"title":"Evaluation of the thermal comfort in different commercial buildings in Guangzhou","authors":"Yudong Mao, Kaiyue Zhu, Zhiming Zheng, Zhaosong Fang","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231199639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231199639","url":null,"abstract":"A post-occupancy study of the thermal environment and thermal comfort in office buildings certified with China’s one- to three-star green building label was compared with traditional office buildings. The results showed that the indoor temperature and air movement of both building types met the GB/T 50378, Green Building Evaluation Standard. The green office buildings outperformed conventional office buildings, and occupants had a more comfortable thermal perception and a higher satisfaction level. The three-star buildings were shown to produce the best performance. The comfort temperature range of office workers in green office buildings was about 4°C. The wider comfort temperature range suggests that employees in green office buildings are better adapted to their thermal environment and may have greater potential for energy savings in the design and intelligent operation of air-conditioning systems. The purpose of this study is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the indoor conditions of green office buildings in China, which may have implications for design decisions on green building practices, and provide guidance for the design and operation of green buildings that can create a better indoor environment with better energy consumption and carbon emission while ensuring indoor thermal comfort.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231200174
Lianhua Liu, Bo Xiang, Pengfei Si, Lijun Shi
Indoor PM 2.5 control has become an essential part of ensuring high-quality indoor air quality. In this paper, to improve the prediction accuracy, an unsteady-state mathematical model for predicting indoor PM 2.5 concentration was established. Air exchange efficiency was considered to characterize the uneven mixing of particle concentration in the model. The filter efficiency of the multi-stage filter system and the actual efficiency of each stage filter were redetermined through particle size distribution and fractional efficiency of filter. The accuracy of the model was verified with existing experimental data. Furthermore, the filtration performance of different combinations of typical filters was analyzed. The results showed that when the filter was installed in the second stage in a multi-stage filter system, the filter efficiency coefficients for filtering PM 2.5 were 0.94∼0.98, and decreased to 0.81∼0.94 when installed in the third stage. As air exchange efficiency was increased from 0.6 to 0.9, the purification time was shortened by 10.86∼14.44 min. Under the large outdoor PM 2.5 concentration, indoor air quality can be guaranteed by increasing the air change rate or adding filters to enhance the filter efficiency. Moreover, there should exist a minimum air change rate to meet the required indoor PM 2.5 concentration.
{"title":"A mathematical model for predicting indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration considering uneven mixing and fractional efficiency of a filter","authors":"Lianhua Liu, Bo Xiang, Pengfei Si, Lijun Shi","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231200174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231200174","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor PM 2.5 control has become an essential part of ensuring high-quality indoor air quality. In this paper, to improve the prediction accuracy, an unsteady-state mathematical model for predicting indoor PM 2.5 concentration was established. Air exchange efficiency was considered to characterize the uneven mixing of particle concentration in the model. The filter efficiency of the multi-stage filter system and the actual efficiency of each stage filter were redetermined through particle size distribution and fractional efficiency of filter. The accuracy of the model was verified with existing experimental data. Furthermore, the filtration performance of different combinations of typical filters was analyzed. The results showed that when the filter was installed in the second stage in a multi-stage filter system, the filter efficiency coefficients for filtering PM 2.5 were 0.94∼0.98, and decreased to 0.81∼0.94 when installed in the third stage. As air exchange efficiency was increased from 0.6 to 0.9, the purification time was shortened by 10.86∼14.44 min. Under the large outdoor PM 2.5 concentration, indoor air quality can be guaranteed by increasing the air change rate or adding filters to enhance the filter efficiency. Moreover, there should exist a minimum air change rate to meet the required indoor PM 2.5 concentration.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231201847
Yijia Zhou, Maohui Luo, Hang Yu, Xiang Zhou
Existing research have explored thermal sensitivity under steady thermal conditions while how it changes with time is unknown. In this study, the arm and face were taken as examples to study dynamic characteristics of thermal sensitivity. The test spots were stimulated under thermally neutral ambient conditions to obtain skin temperature and thermal sensation at three levels (e.g. the micro-scale (1.54 cm 2 ) spot, local body part and whole body) at intervals of 4 s. Results showed that in the first 4 s of stimuli, skin temperature change would reach 52% of the final variation. The overshooting rate of the arm thermal sensitivity was 1.6 and 1.8 times over the stable state for cooling and heating stimuli, and that of the face was 1.9 and 2.0 times. 95% of subjects on the arm and 85% on the face were more sensitive to cooling stimuli. The warmth sensitivities of different genders and body parts were shown to be significantly different, while the cold sensitivity of different body parts produced small differences. When stimulating one test spot, the ratio of thermal sensation at three levels was 15:4:1 on the arm and 16:3:1 on the face. These results can help to understand how the body responds to spatially ununiform and temporally unsteady thermal exposures.
现有的研究已经探索了稳定热条件下的热敏性，但它如何随时间变化是未知的。本研究以手臂和面部为例，研究热敏性的动态特性。在热中性环境条件下刺激测试点，获得三个层次(如微尺度(1.54 cm 2)点，局部身体部分和全身)的皮肤温度和热感觉，间隔4 s。结果表明，在刺激的前4 s，皮肤温度变化可达到最终变化的52%。在冷却和加热刺激下，手臂热敏度的超调率分别是稳态的1.6倍和1.8倍，面部热敏度的超调率分别是1.9倍和2.0倍。95%的手臂实验对象和85%的面部实验对象对冷却刺激更敏感。不同性别、不同身体部位对温暖的敏感性差异显著，而不同身体部位对冷的敏感性差异较小。当刺激一个测试点时，三个层次的热感觉比在手臂上为15:4:1，在脸上为16:3:1。这些结果有助于了解人体对空间不均匀和时间不稳定的热暴露的反应。
{"title":"Evaluating the dynamic thermal sensitivities of human body with high-dense contacting thermal stimuli","authors":"Yijia Zhou, Maohui Luo, Hang Yu, Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231201847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231201847","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research have explored thermal sensitivity under steady thermal conditions while how it changes with time is unknown. In this study, the arm and face were taken as examples to study dynamic characteristics of thermal sensitivity. The test spots were stimulated under thermally neutral ambient conditions to obtain skin temperature and thermal sensation at three levels (e.g. the micro-scale (1.54 cm 2 ) spot, local body part and whole body) at intervals of 4 s. Results showed that in the first 4 s of stimuli, skin temperature change would reach 52% of the final variation. The overshooting rate of the arm thermal sensitivity was 1.6 and 1.8 times over the stable state for cooling and heating stimuli, and that of the face was 1.9 and 2.0 times. 95% of subjects on the arm and 85% on the face were more sensitive to cooling stimuli. The warmth sensitivities of different genders and body parts were shown to be significantly different, while the cold sensitivity of different body parts produced small differences. When stimulating one test spot, the ratio of thermal sensation at three levels was 15:4:1 on the arm and 16:3:1 on the face. These results can help to understand how the body responds to spatially ununiform and temporally unsteady thermal exposures.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135552339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231199956
Shuqin Chen, Xinyue Li, Yuhang Ma, Zhichao Wang
The air-conditioning (AC) energy use in express hotels is stochastic with the high coupling relationships amongst AC usage, indoor temperature and energy consumption. Such complexities and stochasticity make it hard to facilitate energy saving with clear effect on indoor environment. However, lacking analyses of high-resolution occupants’ energy use makes it difficult to achieve such goals due to the split form of ACs and various thermal comfort of guests in express hotels. Therefore, this study made a serial analysis on the AC energy use in a more detailed scope. The stochastic AC usage, indoor temperature and AC energy consumption were quantified by proposed typical patterns with the cluster method. The stochasticity was described by four typical patterns for each aspect. After the quantifications, the relationships amongst these three aspects were decoupled by the proposed energy use decoupling model. Two data mining methods, namely, random forest method and decision tree method, were employed to achieve this purpose, respectively. With these models, the impacts of each variable on AC energy consumption and explicit relationships of operation rules for management are presented. Strictly limiting set point temperature higher than 23°C is the effective way to save energy for most of AC usage patterns. This study can provide a deeper understanding of AC energy use in express hotels, and benefits energy saving and facility operation in express hotels.
{"title":"Decoupling the complexities of air-conditioning cooling energy use in express hotels by data mining approaches","authors":"Shuqin Chen, Xinyue Li, Yuhang Ma, Zhichao Wang","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231199956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231199956","url":null,"abstract":"The air-conditioning (AC) energy use in express hotels is stochastic with the high coupling relationships amongst AC usage, indoor temperature and energy consumption. Such complexities and stochasticity make it hard to facilitate energy saving with clear effect on indoor environment. However, lacking analyses of high-resolution occupants’ energy use makes it difficult to achieve such goals due to the split form of ACs and various thermal comfort of guests in express hotels. Therefore, this study made a serial analysis on the AC energy use in a more detailed scope. The stochastic AC usage, indoor temperature and AC energy consumption were quantified by proposed typical patterns with the cluster method. The stochasticity was described by four typical patterns for each aspect. After the quantifications, the relationships amongst these three aspects were decoupled by the proposed energy use decoupling model. Two data mining methods, namely, random forest method and decision tree method, were employed to achieve this purpose, respectively. With these models, the impacts of each variable on AC energy consumption and explicit relationships of operation rules for management are presented. Strictly limiting set point temperature higher than 23°C is the effective way to save energy for most of AC usage patterns. This study can provide a deeper understanding of AC energy use in express hotels, and benefits energy saving and facility operation in express hotels.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135552135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231198358
Carolina Espinoza-Sanhueza, Marc Hébert, Jean-François Lalonde, Claude MH Demers
This research explores the effects of light in terms of colour, surface colour configuration and finishes using simple and advanced methods in the development of biophilic lighting ambiances for remote northern architecture. Biophilic light and colour design can benefit inhabitants of subarctic regions, where drastic changes in the natural photoperiod can impact the mind and body. To predict the outcomes of light and colour, this research used reduced-scale models that replicate a north-oriented room and a specially designed mirror-box sky simulator, which emulates the lighting conditions and correlated colour temperature (CCT) of a northern sky. Physical models with distinct surface colour properties and the use of high dynamic range imagery (HDRi) techniques allow the recognition of quantitative effects and lighting attributes of main hue families such as red, green, blue and yellow. The results reveal that the colour and the surface colour configuration significantly modify the spectral properties of a lit ambiance measured in Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML) and CCT. Surface colour configuration and finishes produce variations in the luminous attributes measured in intensity contrast. This combination of simple and innovative tools could predict light and colour effects in early design stages for responsive architecture in subarctic territories.
{"title":"Exploring light and colour patterns for remote biophilic northern architecture","authors":"Carolina Espinoza-Sanhueza, Marc Hébert, Jean-François Lalonde, Claude MH Demers","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231198358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231198358","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the effects of light in terms of colour, surface colour configuration and finishes using simple and advanced methods in the development of biophilic lighting ambiances for remote northern architecture. Biophilic light and colour design can benefit inhabitants of subarctic regions, where drastic changes in the natural photoperiod can impact the mind and body. To predict the outcomes of light and colour, this research used reduced-scale models that replicate a north-oriented room and a specially designed mirror-box sky simulator, which emulates the lighting conditions and correlated colour temperature (CCT) of a northern sky. Physical models with distinct surface colour properties and the use of high dynamic range imagery (HDRi) techniques allow the recognition of quantitative effects and lighting attributes of main hue families such as red, green, blue and yellow. The results reveal that the colour and the surface colour configuration significantly modify the spectral properties of a lit ambiance measured in Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML) and CCT. Surface colour configuration and finishes produce variations in the luminous attributes measured in intensity contrast. This combination of simple and innovative tools could predict light and colour effects in early design stages for responsive architecture in subarctic territories.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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