Inorganica Chimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of bis-germylenes stabilized by bis(β-diketiminate) ligands","authors":"Yanling Zhu ,&nbsp;Yufen Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Han,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dinuclear germylenes <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> bearing bis(β-diketiminate) ligands with 1,3-phenylene and 1,2-cyclohexylene linkers, respectively, have been synthesized. The structure flexibility was verified by the variable-temperature NMR analysis. Further salt metathesis with AgOTf led to bis-germylene <strong>3</strong> with OTf substituent. The reaction of <strong>1</strong> with LiAl[OCH(CF₃)₂]₄, aiming to get the dinuclear dication, resulted in the formation of alkoxyl substituted bis-germylene with the elimination of Al[OCH(CF₃)₂]₃. All compounds have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Pharmacologically active metallodrugs: From design to mode of action studies","authors":"Iogann Tolbatov ,&nbsp;Tiziano Marzo","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing imine activation in M(II) complexes to afford ligated N,O-aminal and hemiacetal groups: XRD, 1H NMR, and computational studies","authors":"Daniel L. Singer ,&nbsp;Jason G. Marmorstein ,&nbsp;Joseph M. Tanski ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Barnum ,&nbsp;Laurie A. Tyler","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reactivity of ligated imines with alcohol-type nucleophiles has been investigated. Four Cu (II) complexes containing a <em>N,N′</em>-bis (2-pyridinylmethylene)-1,2-ethanediamine ((Py)₂en) type ligand are reported, along with the hydrolysis or addition of solvent methanol across the imine C<img>N bond. The products of this reactivity include the formation of ligated <em>N,O</em>-aminal or hemiacetal moieties as confirmed through single crystal X-ray crystallography. The observed product distribution is supported with ab initio and density functional theory calculations. A comprehensive ¹H NMR study was performed with further derivatized ligand frames and diamagnetic Zn (II) species to explore the scope of the observed reactivity. These studies indicate that the ligand substituent strongly impacts the degree of imine activation toward reaction with solvent methanol and/or water (i.e. formation of mono <em>N,O</em>-aminal, bis <em>N,O</em>-aminal, hemiacetal or no reaction). The identity of the counterion in the hydrated zinc salt was also found to play a role, albeit to a lesser extent. The implications of the identity of the alcohol solvent on the C<img>N reactivity was also investigated. Alcohols with decreased steric hindrance and increased nucleophilicity show the greatest propensity for addition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A water-soluble Schiff base ligand and its Al(III) complex: optical properties, computational studies and photocatalytic performance","authors":"Hajer Bouznif ,&nbsp;Licínia L.G. Justino ,&nbsp;Telma Costa ,&nbsp;Maria I.L. Soares ,&nbsp;M. Luísa Ramos ,&nbsp;Teresa M.V.D. Pinho e Melo ,&nbsp;Nabil Zouari ,&nbsp;Rui Fausto","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the field of inorganic photophysics and photochemistry has traditionally been dominated by complexes of precious and rare metals, increasing concerns regarding their scarcity and cost have led to a growing interest in earth-abundant metal-based compounds as more sustainable and economically viable alternatives. In this study, we investigated the photophysical properties of two water-soluble compounds: the di-Schiff base <em>N</em>,<em>N′</em>-bis(3-methoxy-5-sulfonatosalicylidene)-1,2-ethylenediamine disodium salt (<strong>MSS</strong>) and its corresponding Al(III) complex. To better understand the enol-imine (O-H···N) <em>vs.</em> keto-enamine (O···H-N) tautomeric behavior of <strong>MSS</strong>, we also considered its non-methoxy analogue (<strong>SS</strong>) as a reference compound. Using UV–vis absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, we examined the tautomeric preferences of <strong>MSS</strong> and <strong>SS</strong> in both the solid state and various solvents. The spectral features of <strong>MSS</strong> exhibited a noticeable bathochromic shift relative to <strong>SS</strong> in all media. In protic solvents (H₂O, MeOH) and in the solid state, <strong>MSS</strong> is found predominantly in the keto-enamine form, while in aprotic polar solvents (DMSO, DMF), a mixture of keto and enol forms coexist. In contrast, <strong>SS</strong> shows a dynamic coexistence of both tautomeric forms in protic solvents, while the <strong>SS</strong> enol form becomes dominant in DMSO and DMF; in the solid-state <strong>SS</strong> predominantly adopts the keto-enamine form. These differences were rationalized in terms of electronic effects. The direct band gap energies were determined to be 2.75 eV for <strong>SS</strong>, 2.61 eV for <strong>MSS</strong> and 3.03 eV for the <strong>Al(III)/MSS</strong> complex, revealing their wide-band-gap-semiconductor character. These values were supported by DFT calculations, which were found to be able to reproduce the experimental trends and were also used to provide insight into the electronic structure of the studied compounds. Photoluminescence analysis revealed that <strong>MSS</strong> emits in the green region, while the <strong>Al(III)/MSS</strong> complex exhibits a blue-white emission, making both compounds promising candidates for application in single-layer white OLEDs. Additionally, the <strong>Al(III)/MSS</strong> complex displayed photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue (MB), with a rate constant of 0.032 min⁻¹, indicating its potential as a multifunctional material for both optoelectronic and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carboxylated benzo and pyrazine annulated PV corrolazines. I. Synthesis, spectral-luminescence and acid-base properties of octaethyl esters","authors":"Dmitriy A. Lazovskiy ,&nbsp;Ekaterina S. Gnedina ,&nbsp;Ivan A. Nikitin ,&nbsp;Hailong Wang ,&nbsp;Pavel A. Stuzhin","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethyl octaesters of phthalocyanine bearing eight carboxy-groups, [^Est<em>Pc</em>H₂] (<strong>3</strong>), and its pyrazine fused analogue [^Est<em>TPyzPA</em>H]₂ (<strong>4</strong>) were synthesized by melting of corresponding dicarbonitriles in presence of sodium hydroxide or ethoxide. Reaction of these macrocycles with PBr₃ in pyridine leads to contraction of the porphyrazine macrocycle and formation of the corresponding P^V corrolazines, isolated as oxophosphorus(V) and dihydroxidophosphorus(V) complexes, [^Est<em>TBzCA</em>P=O] (<strong>5</strong>) and [^Est<em>TPyzCA</em>P(OH)₂] (<strong>6</strong>). Fusion of electron-withdrawing pyrazine rings increases the NH acidity of the porphyrazine macrocycle leading to easy deprotonation of <strong>4</strong> and decreases the basicity of <em>meso</em>‑nitrogens – all of them can be protonated in <strong>5</strong> and only one in <strong>6</strong>. Combination of electron-deficient pyrazine rings and electron-withdrawing COOEt groups leads to enhanced singlet oxygen generating ability not only by corrolazine <strong>6</strong>, but also by dianionic form of porphyrazine <strong>4</strong> (Ф_Δ = 0.58 and 0.32, respectively). The obtained octaethyl esters can be considered as precursors for water-soluble octacarboxylated derivatives and building blocks for design of organic frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the structural and electronic features of a hexamethylenetetramine complex of zinc 3-hydroxybenzoate: crystal structure, hirshfeld surface, DFT, and molecular docking studies","authors":"Giray Buğra Akbaba ,&nbsp;Füreya Elif Öztürkkan ,&nbsp;Elaheh Teymouri ,&nbsp;Tuncer Hökelek ,&nbsp;Hacali Necefoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel dinuclear Zn(II) complex, [Zn₂(3HBA)₄(HMTA)₂]·2H₂O (3HBA: 3-hydroxybenzoate and HMTA: hexamethylenetetramine), has been synthesized and fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, NMR, UV–Vis, and DFT studies. The crystal structure reveals a centrosymmetric dimeric framework where each Zn(II) ion adopts a slightly distorted square-pyramidal geometry, coordinated by four bridging 3-hydroxybenzoate anions and one nitrogen atom from a monodentate hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) ligand. The crystal packing is stabilized through an extensive network of O–H···O, O–H···N, C–H···O, and C–H···N hydrogen bonds, as confirmed by Hirshfeld surface analysis, in which H···H (47.5 %) and H···O/O···H (16.3 %) contacts dominate the intermolecular interactions. The void analysis revealed a low porosity (5.81 %), suggesting a densely packed and mechanically stable lattice. Spectroscopic data corroborate coordination through both carboxylate oxygen and HMTA nitrogen donors, while DFT calculations (B3LYP/LANL2DZ) indicate a large HOMO–LUMO gap (ΔE = 4.28 eV), consistent with high kinetic stability and moderate electrophilicity (ω = 2.99 eV). The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map highlights electron-rich carboxylate oxygen atoms as probable electrophilic sites. Molecular docking simulations against DNA gyrase B (PDB: <span><span>4URM</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1, PDB: <span><span>4HL2</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) revealed strong binding affinities (−8.1 and − 10.2 kcal/mol, respectively), involving multiple hydrogen bonds and π-interactions with key active-site residues. Overall, the combined experimental and theoretical findings confirm the robust structural integrity, electronic stability, and notable antibacterial binding potential of the complex, particularly against β-lactamase-type bacterial enzymes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 123013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination compounds of lithium, sodium, and potassium with 2-nitrophenol: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopic study","authors":"A.A. Bezdomnikov ,&nbsp;F.M. Dolgushin ,&nbsp;L.I. Demina ,&nbsp;V.E. Sharov ,&nbsp;E.A. Kurenkova ,&nbsp;V.E. Baulin ,&nbsp;A.Yu. Tsivadze","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkyl derivatives of 2-nitrophenol are promising extractants for the selective recovery of lithium in the presence of large excesses of sodium and potassium ions. To probe the structural factors underpinning lithium selectivity, we synthesized coordination compounds of lithium, sodium and potassium with 2-nitrophenol and established their composition and structures by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. General regularities in the binding of 2-nitrophenol with Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ were identified. The ability of 2-nitrophenol to form six-membered chelate metallacycles with alkali-metal cations has been confirmed. Notably, the geometry of lithium metallacycles, even within the same compound, varies from nearly planar to boat and envelope conformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"591 ","pages":"Article 123006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of vibrational properties of rare-earth ruddlesden-popper nickelates Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd)","authors":"Neenu Saini ,&nbsp;Ruby Jindal ,&nbsp;Archana Tripathi ,&nbsp;Uma Shekhawat ,&nbsp;Reechu Saini ,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Raman and Infrared (IR) phonon analysis of monolayer Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) rare-earth Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) Nickelates in the tetragonal phase, which have potential applications as electrocatalysts for solid oxide cells, has been carried out using normal coordinates. The Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) Ruddlesden-Popper compounds possess <span><math><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mn>17</mn><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>h</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span> Point Group Symmetry, fall under the space group 139, and crystallize in the phase I4/mmm with a formula unit number Z = 2. The Layered Perovskite Oxides Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) represent the initial members of the Ruddlesden-Popper Nickelates Series, which are structurally defined by the general stoichiometry Ln_n+1Ni_nO_3n+1 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) with <em>n</em> = 1. The theoretical analysis of the optical phonon modes in Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) Ruddlesden-Popper Nickelates crystallizing in the I4/mmm structural phase employs a set of nine Short-Range Force Constants (SRFCs). Wilson's GF-Matrix Method has characterized and assigned the optical vibrational modes in rare-earth Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) Ruddlesden-Popper Nickelates. The study further investigates the impact of the A-site Lanthanide cation-Ln (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) substitution on the lattice dynamics of the isostructural compounds Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) within the framework of monolayered tetragonal structures. To elucidate the effects of cation-Ln substitution, a comparative analysis of the frequencies at the zone centre, bond lengths, and force constants is conducted. The vibrational frequencies primarily governed by the Ln-atoms (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) display unique features that change with atomic number, highlighting the significant influence of Ln-ion size on the phonon dynamics of Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) rare-earth Nickel Oxides. Furthermore, for each normal mode in the Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) rare-earth Ruddlesden-Popper Nickelates, the study of Potential Energy Distribution (PED) emphasizes the considerable role played by Short-Range Force Constants in shaping the wavenumbers, thereby offering a deeper insight into the lattice dynamics and interatomic interactions. Layered Perovskite Oxides Ln₂NiO₄ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd) exhibit key Ln<img>O and Ni<img>O phonon modes that govern oxygen ion transport, defect chemistry, and SOFC efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing anticancer chelation therapy: Insights from enhancing cytotoxic potency, targeted cellular delivery, metal-based immunomodulation, and combinatorial strategies","authors":"Carmen Acosta ,&nbsp;Oscar Claudio-Ares ,&nbsp;Irfan Ullah ,&nbsp;Laura Catalina Cruz ,&nbsp;Adam C. Ducey,&nbsp;Adriana Vidal,&nbsp;Alejandro Escalante-Castaneda,&nbsp;Ambar R. Maldonado-Santos,&nbsp;Biao Liu,&nbsp;Cristina N. Villanueva,&nbsp;Diego A. Martínez-Sebastian,&nbsp;Jubilie Zeda-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Norian Ceballos-Plaza,&nbsp;Sofía V. González-Tossas,&nbsp;Stephanie K. Reyes-Vargas,&nbsp;Wilarye Trujillo-Rivera,&nbsp;Wentao Hou,&nbsp;Yailiz A. Velez-Pizarro,&nbsp;Yiomaris Rodríguez-Manzano,&nbsp;Arthur D. Tinoco","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chelation therapy has long been recognized for its success in treating heavy metal poisoning and iron overload disorders. Building on this foundation, drug repurposing of FDA-approved iron chelators for anticancer therapy has been extensively explored, alongside the development of novel agents such as the promising triapine. Current research increasingly targets the essential metals iron, copper, and zinc in oncology, with a focus on chelators that actively modulate the biochemical effects of these metals rather than functioning as ionophores. This review highlights recent advances in refining chelation strategies to enhance cytotoxic potency and tumor specificity, including approaches that tune metal redox activity, synergize with platinum(II)-based drugs, incorporate nanoparticulate delivery systems, leverage metal-driven immunostimulation, and combine with established or emerging therapies. By assessing the successes and limitations of recent studies and surveying relevant human clinical trials, we evaluate the feasibility of integrating chelation therapy into clinical oncology. Evidence suggests that chelation is most effective when combined with other treatment modalities, offering potential synergistic benefits in cancer management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting and bioimaging of human lung cancer cells via Heteroleptic iridium complexes","authors":"Özlem Altsoy ,&nbsp;Özlem Biçen Ünlüer ,&nbsp;Filiz Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Sibel Emir Diltemiz ,&nbsp;Deniz Hür ,&nbsp;Arzu Ersöz ,&nbsp;Ridvan Say","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.123009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes [Ir(ppyCF₃)₂(MAA)] (ppyCF₃: 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine; MAA: methacryloylamino acid) have been synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹⁹F NMR, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The potential of the synthesized Ir(III) complexes as bioimaging agents was examined through their interaction with transferrin receptors in cells. The iridium complexes were attached to the transferrin protein via electron transfer using the tyrosine or tryptophan groups in the MAA ligand. This interaction enhances intracellular targeting and imaging efficiency, thereby expanding the potential applications of Ir(III) complexes in biological systems. In our study, we obtained two different types of biomaterials by interacting Ir(III) complexes with transferrin. The first type is iridium-transferrin cross-linked conjugates (Ir-Tf), and the second type is nano-structured iridium-transferrin cross-linked polymers (nanoIr-Tf). Our findings demonstrate that [Ir(ppyCF₃)₂(MATyr)]-Tf and nano[Ir(ppyCF₃)₂(MATyr)]-Tf show promise as efficient bioimaging agents. When interacting with both cancerous and normal lung cells, these complexes displayed robust fluorescence emission, enabling precise imaging and visualization. Notably, the complexes selectively localized within the cytoplasm of cancer cells, highlighting their potential for targeted imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"592 ","pages":"Article 123009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}